宁波大学外国语学院244英语(二外)历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
宁波大学243俄语(二外)2009—2018年考研初试专业课真题试卷
ответить на вопросы, потому что их было очень много.
а. не умел
б. не мог
в. не успел
16.
уважания к своим преподавателям студенты всегда вежливо здороваются с ними.
а. задал
б. передал
в. выдал
14. Ведь любое загрязнение вредно, независимо от того,
оно происходит: в море, на
суше, или в воздухе.
а. куда
б. где
в. что
15. Преподаватель
1. Этот, повесть, рассказывать, о, известный, режиссер, с, который, произойти, неприятный,
история, за, граница.
2. Вера, теперь, чувствовать, себя, здорово, и, сильно, потому что, она, хорошо, отдохнуть,
гости.
а. его
б. еѐ
в. своему
4. Мне кажестя, что мы с вами
раньше встречались.
а. где-нибудь
б. где-то
в. где-либо
5. Прежде чем уехать, мы должны
всѐ, что мы брали в библиотеке нашей школы.
宁波大学俄语(二外)2009-2018年考研初试真题+2009答案
入 学 考 试 试 题(A 卷) (答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 俄语（二外）
科目代码： 243
适用专业: 英语语言文学 、日语语言文学 、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学
13. Мой студент
мне записку и сказал, чтобы я встретил друга вечером на вокзале.
宁波大学 2014 年攻读硕士学位研究生
入 学 考 试 试 题(A 卷) (答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目: 俄语（二外）
科目代码： 243
适用专业: 英语语言文学 、日语语言文学 、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学
Часть 1 将下列动词变位，写出单数第一、二人称和复数第三人称形式。(10%)
20. По долгу службы я часто ездил в командировки, в прошлом месяце я
во многих
странах.
а. побывал
б. прибыл
в. был
Часть 3: 联词成句（不得变动词序，不得加词、减词，不得更改名词的数）。（30%）
а. Из-за
б. От
в. Из
17. По радио выступил писатель,
новую книгу все сейчас так горячо обсуждают.
а. чью
б. какую
в. который
18. Разразилась снежная буря,
никогда не бывало.
ответить на вопросы, потому что их было очень много.
宁波大学244英语二外2014-2020年考研专业课真题试卷
illness. In this more complex view, patterns such as depression and generalized anxiety arise as tendencies in the
human brain-body-environment system. 9 the patterns are established, they are hard to change because
Passage One
what
why
how
that
as
but
although
once
though
if
Have you ever heard of a condition known as “general paresis（麻痹性痴呆）of the insane”? Probably
not. In the 19th century general paresis was one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders. Its
and emotion develop or 4 they stick around.
Yet the hope remains
5 , much like with general paresis, we may soon discover the root causes of
these illnesses, and this knowledge may tell us 6 to treat them. An example of this hope can be seen in
宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
宁波大学2017年考研真题【外国语学院】241德语(二外)初试试卷(A卷)
科目代码:241科目名称：德语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Ⅰ.Lesen Sie den folgenden Text und wählen Sie die richtige Lösung(读以下短文，选择正确答案，每题1分，共10分)Mittelweile bin ich___1___Shanghai umgezogen.Ich wohne jetzt_2__Studentenwohnheim der SISU-Universität,ein bisschen weit_3_Stadtzentrum.Du kannst_4___dem Fahrrad zu___5__ kommen.__6__zuerst die Yanan-Straße_7____,immer geradeaus__8___zur zweiten Kreuzung.Bieg an der Kreuzung links__9__die Xingzhuang-Straße ab.Dann fährst du___10__ Supermarkt vorbei.1.A)von B)aus C)nach2.A)auf B)im C)beim3.A)vom B)bis C)ab4.A)mit B)ohne C)neben5.A)mich B)sich C)mir6.A)Fahren B)Fahrst C)Fahr7.A)entlang B)an C)vorbei8.A)durch B)mit C)bis9.A)an B)auf C)in10.A)am B)neben C)überⅡ.Grammatik und Wortschatz（语法与词汇选择题：每题1分，共20分）1.Mein Großvater erzählt gern_____________seiner Geschichte in Deutschland.A)über B)vonC)bei D)mit2.Das___________Mädchen ist meine Schwester.A)schönes B)schönerC)schön D)schöne3.Donald Trump___zum45.Präsident der USA am09.11.2016ausgewählt.A)ist B)wirdC)wurde D)werden4.Herr Schröder_____heute Morgen nach Berlin_______.A)hat......fliegen B)hat.....flogC)ist........gefliegen D)ist......geflogen5.Es ist um8Uhr40,ich muss_______zum Unterricht beeilen!A)dir B)dichC)mir D)mich6.Gibt es hier_____zu sehen?A)etwas Besonderen B)etwas BesonderesC)etwas Besondere D)etwas Besonder科目代码:241科目名称：德语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学7.Das Deutsche Museum in München_______zu den berühmtesten Museen der Welt.A)gehört B)sei C)trifft D)ist8.Diese nette Dame_______ganz freundlich aus.A)sieht B)schläft C)steigt D)trinkt9.Die Sonne ist______,als ich erwachte.A)aufgehen B)aufgehenden C)aufgegangen D)gehen auf10.______der Stadt Hangzhou heißt Ma Yun.A)Der Prominente B)Der Prominenten C)Die Prominenten D)Die Prominent11.Johann Wolfgang von Goethe gilt____bedeutendster deutscher Dichter.A)als B)für C)mit D)mit12.Die Länge derÖsterreichischen Staatsgrenze_______2707km.A)besteht B)beträgt C)erreicht D)macht13.Lenas Hemd ist____als ihre JackeA)teuerer B)teuer C)teurer D)teueren14.Die Völker haben keine Angst_____der Katastrophe.A)an B)vor C)zu D)mit15.Einstein leistete einen wichtigen_________zur Entwicklung der modernen Physik.A)Leistung B)Einfluss C)Beitrag D)Rolle16.Ich bin jetzt180cm______.A)hoch B)großC)Höhe D)Größe17.Im dem Zweiten Weltkrieg war Deutschland durch Bombardierung fast_____.A)schlimm B)zerstört C)kaputt D)schlecht18.Der Blechtrommel ist____der besten Romane von Günter Grass.A)ein B)eines C)einer D)eine19.Alle______müssen sterben.A)Menschen B)Mann C)Leute D)man20.Das Ningbo-Theater ist fertig gebaut.Ohne Geld____der großartige Plan nicht realisierbar.A)würde B)ist C)wäre D)wird科目代码:241科目名称：德语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Ⅲ.Leseverstehen（阅读理解，共15题，每题2分，共30分）Text AHacker?Das Wort kommt aus dem Englischen und bedeutet soviel wie“eindringen”.Wir verbinden damit meist kriminelle Leute,die Daten klauen und in fremde Computer einbrechen!Leider stimmt das in den meisten Fällen.Aber es gibt auch Menschen,die ihr ganzes Computerwissen für gute Zwecke einsetzen und der Welt damit helfen möchten.Heute vor genau30Jahren haben sie sich in Berlin zum ersten Mal getroffen und den Chaos-Computer-Club gegründet.Das Ziel des Clubs ist es,Sicherheitslücken bei Computerprogrammen zu finden und diese dann den Herstellern zu zeigen.Stellt euch vor,eine große Schutzmauer sieht um ein Gebäude herum und hat aber ein paar kleine Löcher müssen repariert werden,damit da hindurch kommen kann.Der Chaos-Computer-Club testet auchÜberwachungsgeräte,wie z.B.Fingerabdruck-Scanner.2008 bewies er,dass ein solcher Scannerüberlistet werden kann undüberhaupt nicht sicher ist.Ganz wichtig ist den Club auch,dass alle Menschen auf der Erde Zugang zum Internet und zum Wissen unserer Welt haben sollen.Das gilt natürlich für Staaten,in denen das Internet von den Regierung beschränkt undüberwacht wird.Nach der Meinung des Chaos-Computer-Clubs sollen alle Menschen auf der Erde das Recht haben,das Internet frei nutzen zu können.Teil1Lesen Sie den Text A und wählen Sie die richtige Lösung!（选择正确答案）1．Was kann man einen passenden Titel des Texts A nennen?A)Alle Hacker im Internet sind bösartig und verursachen SchadenB)Das Ziel der Hacker ist ein freies Internet mit Zugang für alle MenschenC)Hacker machen das Internet sichererD)Die guten Hacker haben Geburtstag:das Chaos-Computer-Club wird30!2.Im meisten Fällen_____Hacker die Daten der anderen Leute weltweit.A)sucht B)verbindet C)klauen D)benutzt3.Nach dem Text A gibt es einen Chaos-Computer-Club,der______finden und sie den Herstellern der Software zeigen möchte.A)Computerwissen B)Welt C)Sicherheitslücken D)Zugang科目代码:241科目名称：德语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学4.Schutzmauer betrachtet man als Sicherheitsmaßnahme für_________.A)Gebäude B)Computer C)Menschen D)Staaten5.Überwachungsgeräte nach dem Text A sind z.B._____________,die nach dem Test des Clubs nicht sicher aufweist.A)Computer B)WerkzeugC)Scanner D)Fingerabdruck-ScannerTeil2Welche der folgenden Aussagen dem Text A nach ist richtig?（对打√，错打×。
2019宁波大学244英语(二外)考试大纲
2019年宁波大学硕士研究生招生考试初试科目考试大纲科目代码、名称: 244英语(二外)一、考试形式与试卷结构（一）试卷满分值及考试时间本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。
（三）试卷内容结构考试内容主要包括语境词汇、阅读理解、上下文构词、翻译、阅读理解和写作。
（四）试卷题型结构1、选词填空：本题测试考生依据短文的理解从连贯和衔接的视角选择所给词汇的语篇建构能力。
2、依据上下文填空：本题测试考生依据语篇上下文的意义解析和结构衔接填词，要求考生不仅具有语篇连贯和衔接知识，而且要求考生对词汇的学习应具有篇章应用意识。
3、英译汉：测试考生的语篇理解和翻译的基本技能。
要求考生在具有丰富的英语词汇、语法和语篇知识的基础上，能够用流利的汉语传达二语篇章的意义。
4、汉译英：测试考生句子环境中的短语结构翻译技能，即要求考生有丰富的词汇和表达式，有要求考生的句子结构意识。
5、阅读理解：测试考生的语篇阅读能力。
要求考生在丰富的语言知识基础上，能够解析不同主题语篇的主题意义、分主题意义、推断意义、具体上下文意义和词汇的语篇意义。
6、作文：测试考生利用基础英语知识组织思想和篇章的综合能力。
可以是命题作文，也可以是自命题的看图作文或事件引题作文。
要求篇章结构连贯和衔接，用词造句准确流畅。
二、考查目标课程考试的目的在于测试考生对于英语语篇的词汇衔接、连贯特征，上下文词的形态、词缀或词素、复合等构词形式，英汉互译技能，写作等英语知识水平和综合应用能力。
三、考查范围或考试内容概要第1部分篇章词汇以500 - 1000 词的阅读语篇为基础，学生必须掌握英语语篇连贯和衔接的词汇手段和词汇特征，并掌握词汇在特定上下文中的派生和复合形式，扩大语篇情境下的中高级词汇。
第2部分翻译翻译是英语学习需要掌握的重要技能，考生必须具有较高的双语语言知识水平和互译能力。
宁波大学242法语(二外)2009—2020年考研专业课真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 1 页共4 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 2 页共4 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 3 页共4 页(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码：242 总分值：100 科目名称：法语(二外)第 4 页共4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学1.Remplacez les points par les mots convenables :（15%）1.Les Chinois aiment ___ thé.2.Pierre, tu sais, tu es professeur et ___ professeur ne devrait pas agir ainsi.3.D’habitude, les Chinois mangent ___ riz.4.Ces dernières années beaucoup d’étudiants chinois vont faire leurs études ___ Etats-Unis.5.Catherine vous croit bien , V ous êtes son ami et vous ne pouvez pas ___ quitter ___ rien dire.6.---Quoi, tu as bu de l’alcool hier soir ? ---Oui, pourquoi pas ? Le docteur ___ permet ___ ___boire.7.Il n’a ___ voiture ___ vélo, bien sûr, il peut seulement y aller ___ pied.8.---Que penses-tu ___ concert de jazz ?---C’était formidable! Les musiciens sont pour la plupart des noirs américains, j’ai même pris des photos.---Montre-___-___ !9.Tu ne les aimes pas, je ___ sais.10.Catherine joue ___ piano.11.Il faut diminuer son influence ___ l’opinion publique, elle ___ est sûre.ment s’appelle le village près _____on construit la nouvelle gare ?13.V oilà l’homme ___ le fils est notre camarade de classe.14.Est-ce que je dois changer ___ train ?---Non, c’est un train direct.15.Il me donne un livre ___m’intéresse.16.Tu n’a pas ___ bicyclette? Prends ___ ___, voilà la clé, je t’attends ici.17.Il y a des bois ___ tour ___ village.18.Je travaille dix heures ___ jour.2.Choisissez le meilleur terme :（15%）quelle des transformations ci-dessous est correcte ?a. oeil→yeuxb. journal→journalsc. madame→madamesd. travail→travailsquelle des transformations ci-dessous est fausse ?a.supérieur→supérieuseb. ancien→anciennec. long→longued. silencieux→silencieuse3.Je n’ai pas ___ idée de celà.a. la plus petiteb. plus petitec. la moindred. Moindre第 1 页共 4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学4.C’est ___ je m’intéresse.a. à quoib. quec. auqueld. qui5.Il y a des cas ___ il remarque ça.a. queb. auxquelsc. oùd. quand6.Un tas de choses ___ il n’a pas d’abord pensé lui viennent à la tête.a. qu’b. ce à quoic. auxquellesd. dont7.Catherine, parle ___ , s’il te plaît !a. plus hauteb. plus grandec. plus hautd. plus grand8.Fais ___ tu veux.a. ce quib. ce quec. qued. quoi9.Il m’a parlé de la nouvelle route ___ la construction était difficile.a. de laquelleb. dontc. qued. où10.Tes fils restent seuls depuis une semaine, ___ !a. pense-yb. penses-yc. penses à euxd. pense à eux11.De la chambre sort un journaliste ___ beaucoup de gens aiment.a. queb. ce quec. quid. ce qui12.---J’ai quelques questions ___ vous poser.---Non, vous devez y répondre vous-même, ___ ce sont vos devoirs.a. à , puisqueb. à , parce quec. de , puisqued. de , parce que13.Ma camarade me raconte le résultat ___ m’étonne bien.a. ce queb. ce quic. qued. qui14.A l’université ___ est intéressant, et les jeunes étudiantes en sont ___ d’accord.a. tous , toutesb. tout , toutesc. tout , tousd. tous , tout15.Faites attention à ces gens, entre ___ il y a quelqu’un ___ dangereux.a. leur , deb. eux , ∕c. leur , ∕d. eux , de第 2 页共 4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学3. Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses au temps et au mode convenables.（18%）1.J’ai parlé à une femme ___ (porter) un enfant.2.Hier il ___ (pleuvoir) toute la journée.3.J’ai appris que le métro était en panne sur la ligne 4 en ___ (lire) le journal d’aujourd’hui.4.Il ne m’aurais pas connu s’il ___ (ne pas voyager) en Chine.5.Si tu lui disais cela, il ___ (comprendre) tout.6.Il ferma le livre, se leva, ___ (sortir)de la chambre.7.Je crains qu’il ___( nous voir).8.Bien que je vous ___(connaître) depuis longtemps, nous avons peu de choses communes.9.Cette jeune fille se leva et s’assit bientôt à la place que l’enfant ____(quitter).10.Après qu’il ___ (parler), nous restâmes silencieux u n long moment, réfléchissant àcequ’il___(dire).11.Si Pierre me donne la cassette, je ___(t’informer).12.Elle vous téléphonera dès qu’elle ___(rentrer).13.Si nous ___(aller) à la piscine ?---Non, Paul, il fait trop froid aujourd’hui , on reste à la maison.14.___(ouvrir) la porte, tu dois faire circuler l’air.15.Je lui dis pour qu’il ___ (venir) demain.16.Ces revues ___ (se vendre bien) l’année dernière.17.Après __ (arriver) à Paris, je vous enverrai une lettre.4. Comprenez le texte et répondez aux questions :（10%）Le téléviseurAu début, dans les années 60, il était lourd comme un meuble et on le plaçait dans la salle de séjour, très haut, pour le regarder. Puis, peu à peu, il est devenu plus petit, on l’a placé sur un rayon de bibliothèque. Maintenant on pe ut le porter et le promener d’une chambre à l’autre : dans la cuisine ou la chambre à coucher. Avant il était en noir et blanc. Maintenant, qui n’a pas son téléviseur couleur ? D’abord, il y a eu la première chaîne et puis la deuxième. Maintenant on peut r ecevoir plus de dix chaînes.Au début, les programmes ne commençaient que dans la soirée. Maintenant , on peut être plantédevant sa télé 24 heures sur 24.Bien sûr, il y a ceux qui sont ¨pour¨ la télévision et ceux qui sont ¨contre¨ .Certains pense nt qu’elle permet de connaître le monde sans bouger : Grâce à la télévition, on a toutes les informations. En quelques minutes, on passe de Tokyo à New York, on s’arrête à Téhéran ou au Liban.第 3 页共 4 页考试科目: 法语（二外）科目代码：242适用专业: 英语语言文学、日语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学D’autres pensent que la télévision est inutile : àcause de la télévision, les jeunes ne lisent plus et n’ écrivent plus, les enfants sont incapables de raconter une histoire de façon continue.1.Pourquoi peut-on porter le téléviseur et le promener d’une chambre à l’autre maintenant, mais pasdans les années 60?2.Au debut, quand a-t-on commencé à regarder la télé ? Pourquoi ?ment pensez-vous, est-ce que tous aiment la télévision ?4.Pourquoi certains sont ¨contre¨ la télé ?5.Pourquoi certains sont ¨pour¨ la télévision ?5. Traduisez en chinois :（10%）On présente toujours la personne la plus jeune à la personne plus âgée, un homme à une femme, une jeune fille ou une fille qui n’est plus tout à fait jeune à une femme mariée, même si celle-ci est la plus jeune.Pour faire les présentations, on doit être debout. Les femmes peuvent très bien rester assises pour les présentations, à moins qu’il ne s’agisse d’une dame âgée ou d’un personnage important.Lorsque vous êtes présenté à une femme, attendez qu’elle vous offre la main pour la serrer.6.Traduisez en français :（15%）1.法国西临太平洋，是除俄罗斯外欧洲最大的国家。
宁波大学基础英语考研真题试题2009 、2010、2012、2016年—2019年
考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码：661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称：基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。
2014-2015年宁波大学考研初试真题244英语(二外)B卷
入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Thencircle the corresponding letter.1. At last she left her house and got to the airport, only ________ the plane flying away.A. having seenB. to have seenC. to seeD. saw2. Only by shouting at the top of his voice _________.A. he was able to make himself hearB. he was able to make himself heardC. was he able to make himself hearD. was he able to make himself heard3. It was not until midnight ________ the snowcapped peak.A. that they sightedB. that they did not sightC. did they sightD. had they sighted4. Fool ________ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. thatD. like5. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills ________ people each year than automobileaccidents.A. seven more timesB. seven times moreC. over seven timesD. seven times6. The party, ________ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which7. This missile is designed so that once ________ nothing can be done to retrieve it.A. firedB. being firedC. they firedD. having fired8. We have been told that under no circumstances ________ the telephone in the office for personalaffairs.A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we use第 1 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学9. This traditional entertainment for children in America has never, ________ I know, become popular inChina.A. as muchB. as far asC. to the extent thatD. so long as10.Although the national government has introduced some new laws on this subject, it is the stategovernment which are ________ responsible for pollution control.A. preciselyB. progressivelyC. primarilyD. preliminarily11.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ______ the color of his skin.A. with the exception ofB. in the light ofC. by virtue ofD. regardless of12.He gave them a lovely bookcase in ________ for their kindness.A. responsibilityB. considerationC. gratitudeD. assistance13.However, at times this balance in nature is ________, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseeneffects.A. troubledB. disturbedC. confusedD. puzzled14.If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be________ to work hard, with the resultthat tax revenues might actually shrink.A. cultivatedB. regulatedC. motivatedD. innovated15.Not having a good command of English can be a serious __________ preventing you fromachieving your goals.A. obstacleB. faultC. offenseD. distress16.The detective and his assistant have begun to ________ the mysterious murder.A. come throughB. look intoC. make overD. see to17.The police are trying to find out the ________ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognition第 2 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学C. identityD. status18.Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare their ________ for world conquest.A. ambitionB. admirationC. recognitionD. extension19.When the crowd area was ________ by the flood, the government sent food there by helicopter.A. cut awayB. cut downC. cut upD. cut off20.The price of beer ________ from 50 cents to $4 per liter during the summer season.A. alteredB. rangedC. separatedD. differed21.Research shows that there is no________ relationship between how much a person earns andwhether he feels good about life.A. successiveB. creativeC. significantD. elegant22.I went along thinking of nothing ________, only looking at things around me.A. in particularB. in harmonyC. in doubtD. in brief23.The branches could hardly ________ the weight of the fruit.A. retainB. sustainC. maintainD. remain24.The tone of the article the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated25.Humidity is so intense in some parts of the tropics that Europeans find they are unable to ________it.A. maintainB. persistC. endureD. sustain26.I know I shouldn’t eat chocolate cake when I’m dieting, but I find it hard to resist ________.A. reactionB. expectationC. objectionD. temptation27.The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have _________ supplies of第 3 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学petroleum.A. sufficientB. proficientC. efficientD. potential28.Very few scientists _________ with completely new answers to the world’s problems.A. come toB. come roundC. come onD. come up29.My boss has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _________on what he promises.A. assuranceB. probabilityC. relianceD. morality30.For many patients, institutional care is the most ________ and beneficial form of care.A. persistentB. appropriateC. thoughtfulD. sufficientPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each)Directions: T here are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and circle the corresponding letter.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.There must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided as on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake u p fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be under-sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they are reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of第 4 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span is to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van of this advance.31. The author seems to indicate that__________.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctorsC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversial32. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because__________.A. some people have to stay up to finish their workB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. one would certainly have less sleep as he agesD. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alert33. In the last paragraph the author points out that__________.A. sleeping less is good for the human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. those who can sleep less should be encouragedD. it is improper to state that people sleep too little34. We learn from the passage that the author__________.A. favors one of the three opinionsB. comments on three different opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinion第 5 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学35. Which of the following is true of the passage?A. People who need more sleep should go to bed early.B. More and more people are now having less sleep.C. If you wake up after the set time, you are under-sleeping.D. More and more people are now giving up sleep for daily work.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.It is a very plain and elementary truth that the life, the fortune and the happiness of every one of us, and, more or less, of those who are connected with us, do depend upon our knowing something of the rules of a game infinitely more difficult and complicated than chess. It is a game which has been played for untold ages, every man and woman of us being one of the two players in a game of his or her own. The chess board is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the universe, and the rules of the game are what we call the laws of nature. The player on the other side is hidden from us. We know that his play is always fair, just, and patient. But also we know, to our cost, that he never overlooks a mistake, or make the smallest allowance for ignorance. To the man who plays well, the highest stakes are paid, with that sort of overflowing generosity with which the strong shows delight in strength. And one who plays ill is defeated --- without haste, but without mercy.Well, what I mean by education is learning the rules of this mighty game. In other words, education is the instruction of the intellect in the laws of Nature, under which name I include not merely things and their forces, but men and their ways; and the fashioning of the affections and of the will into an earnest and loving desire to move in harmony with those laws. For me, education means neither more or less than this. Anything which professes to call itself education must be tried by this standard, and if it fails to stand the test, I will not call it education, whatever may be the force of authority or of numbers upon the other side.It is important to remember that, in strictness, there is no such thing as an uneducated man. Take an extreme case. Suppose that an adult man, in the full vigor of his faculties, could be suddenly placed in the world, as Adam is said to have been, and then left to do as he might. How long would he be left uneducated? Not five minutes. Nature would begin to teach him, through the eye, the ear, the touch, the properties of objects. Pain and pleasure at his elbow telling him to do this and avoid that; and by slow degrees the man would receive an education, which, if narrow, would be thorough, real, and adequate to his circumstances, though there would be no extras and very few accomplishments.第 6 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学36. The author compares chess to human life in that _________.A. the rules of human life is more complicatedB. human life is a game dominated by rulesC. Nature is the hidden player against usD. human life is full of rises and falls37. In human life game, the player on the other side _________.A. is so careful as not to make any mistakesB. is patient enough to catch our mistakesC. never allows ignorance or mistakesD. is neither generous nor stingy38. According to the author, the main purpose of education is to_________.A. know and master the laws of natureB. get familiar with things and forcesC. find men and their ways in natureD. master the way to play life game39. What can NOT be said of the last paragraph?A. Everybody in the world is somewhat educated, but his education is narrow.B. Everybody has received enough education to cope with his surroundings.C. The more one receives education in universities, the more he will achieve.D. Nature is, in fact, a good place for people to educate themselves.40. What does the author want to convey to his readers?A. We must learn to abide by laws of nature.B. It’s important to thoroughly know your player.C. One should seize every opportunity to study.D. Nature has complete control of human beings.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Evolutionary theories. The Belgian George Lemaitre put forward the idea that about 20000 million years ago all the matter in the universe --- enough, he estimated, to make up a hundred thousand million第7 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学galaxies-- was all concentrated in one small mass, which h e called the “primeval atom”. This primeval atom exploded for some reason, sending its matter out in all directions, and as the expansion slowed down, a steady state resulted, at which time the galaxies formed. Something then upset the balance and the universe started expanding again, and this is the state in which the universe is now. There are variations on this theory: it may be that there was no steady state. However, basically, evolutionary theories take it that the universe was formed in one place at one point in time and has been expanding ever since. Will the universe continue to expand? It may be that the universe will continue to expand for ever, but some astronomers believe that the expansion will slow down and finally stop. Thereafter the universe will start to contract until all the matter in it is once again concentrated at one point. Possibly the universe may oscillate（摆动）for ever in this fashion, expanding to its maximum and the contracting and over again.The steady-state theory. Developed at Cambridge by Hoyle Gold and Bodi, the steady-state theory maintains that the universe as a whole has always looked the same and always will. As the galaxies expand away from each other, new material is formed in some way between the galaxies and make up new galaxies to replace those which have receded. Thus the general distribution of galaxies remains the same. How matter could be formed in this way is hard to see, but no harder than seeing why it should all form in one place at one time.How can we decide which of these theories is closer to the truth? The method is in principle quite simple. Since the very distant galaxies are thousands of millions of light years away, then we are seeing them as they were thousands of millions of years ago. If the evolutionary theory is correct, the galaxies were closer together in the past than they are now, and so distant galaxies ought to appear to be closer together than nearer ones. According to the steady-state theory there should be no difference.The evidence seems to suggest that there is a difference, that the galaxies were closer together than they are now and so the evolutionary theory is partially confirmed and the steady-state theory --- in its original form at least---must be rejected.41. What do both theories assume to be true?A. The universe is expanding at present.B. New material is continually being formed.C. The universe will finally contract to one mass.D. “A big bang” started the expansion.42. According to Lemaitre, the separate galaxies formed ________.第8 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学A. during a pause in the expansion of the universeB. at the time of the primeval atom explosionC. when the universe balance was upsetD. when the expansion came to a stop43. What is the basic difference between the two classes of theories?A. The way galaxies expand away from each other.B. Whether the universe will continue to expand or not.C. The distribution of the galaxies in the universe.D. The place and time of the formation of matter.44. According to Hoyle and his friends at Cambridge ________.A. the explosion occurred much earlier than Lemaitre suggestedB. it is hard to see how matter could be formed in this wayC. the expansion of the universe is not a real oneD. new materia1is continually being created45. We see distant galaxies as they were long, long ago because ________.A. the universe has always looked the sameB. new materials keep coming into existenceC. their light takes so long to reach usD. they are expanding from time to timePassage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Before the 1850s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of respectable colleges --- Harvard, Yale, Columbia --- and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of第9 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by heart were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor's own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric（修辞学）,and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close attention to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime（学校体制）. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturists, social welfare workers, and teachers.46. What do you know about American University before the 1850’s?A. They were completely sponsored by the church.B. They laid extreme emp hasis on students’ morals.C. Few of them offered selective courses.D. Their history went back to colonial days.47. Americans went to German to receive higher education in 1800s because __________.A. there were no famous universities in the United States at that timeB. they wanted to acquire knowledge, not just learn how to behaveC. it was very easy for them to get qualified teachers in GermanD. they couldn’t afford the high tuition in the United States48. What can be said of the Germany universities?A. They paid no attention of learning by heart.B. Their teachers have flexible teaching methods.C. They emphasize students’ participation.第10 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上) 考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学D. They attached importance to teachers’ guidance.49. What can we infer from the passage?A. Graduate students should do research on their own.B. Universities should impart knowledge instead of morals.C. Learning by heart is still an important method in universities.D. Universities should offer more and more selective courses.50. What would be the best title for the text?A. Development of American Universities.B. Germany Universities and American Education.C. The Origin of American Education.D. Modern American universities.Part III Translation (15 points)Directions:There are two items in this part. The first is Chinese-English Translation and the second is English-Chinese Translation.Section A (6 points, 1.5 points each)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets..51. Soon after she reported to work, she faced herself________（面对的是她承担过的最艰难的工作）.52. Obviously ___________（这位发言人要强调的是）the impact of these findings rather than theprocess that led to these findings.53. The new electronic dictionary is sold _______________（比预期低得多的价格）.56. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are ____________ （更有可能增加体重）. Section B (9 points)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.57. I’ve never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time whowasn’t better off. And I don’t mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It’s just something about him --- coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person. (4 points)58. Men have generally been assu red that achieving their heart’s desires would be a piece of cake.第11 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学Women, of course, have always believed that we can’t have our cake and eat it too ---the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats. (5 points)Part IV Writing (15 points)Directions: In this part you are required to write a short essay on the topic of Should Family Schooling Exist. You should write at least 140 words following the outline given (in Chinese) below.1. 少数大城市出现了私塾学校；2. 人们对此有不同的看法；3. 你的观点是……第12 页共12 页入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语（二外）科目代码：244 适用专业: 日语语言文学。
宁波大学2017年《243俄语(二外)》考研专业课真题试卷
宁波大学 2017 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码: 适用专业:
243
科目名称：
俄语（二外）
英语语言文学 日语语言文学 外国语言学及应用语言学 翻译学
12. Только что я окно, поэтому в комнате прохладно. а. открывал б. открою в. открываю 13. с мамой, Виктор всегда смеётся. а. Разговаривал б. Разговаривая в. Разговаривает 14. В 8 часов утра мы отправились в туристический поход. Нас . а. пятеро б. были пятеро в. было пятеро 15. Я должен извиниться перед вами: вы сегодня опоздали на поезд. а. от меня б. из меня в. из-за меня 16. Специалист мне сделал маленький подарок . а. на память б. на памяти в. в память 17. Прошу закрыть за дверь. а. вами б. тобой в. собой 18. стать учителем, надо сначала быть учеником. а. Прежде чем б. Когда в. Как только 19. эта женщина, которая беседует там со студентами? а. Кто такая б. Кто такое в. Кто такой 20. Известно, что зелень очищает воздух, улучшает климат, уменьшает шум, помогает человеку здоровье и хорошее настроение. а. сохранить б. охранить в. защитить
2018年宁波大学244英语(二外)考研真题及详解(A卷)【圣才出品】
2018年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）Part Ⅰ Cloze Test (20 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part you are required to read the given passages carefully, and then fill in each blank with an appropriate word given in the boxes. Each word is allowed to be used only once. You should not change the form of the word but you can capitalize the initial letter if the word is used at the beginning of the sentence. Write your choices in the Answer Sheet.Passage OneLiving in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging experience. You have to learn different cultural practices and try to adapt to them. Here are the top six cultural differences 1______ China and the US to help promote mutual understanding.Chinese people do not have the same concept of privacy as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status, 2______ Americans think is annoying and intrusive.In China, elders are traditionally treated with enormous respect and dignity 3______ the young are cherished and nurtured. In America, the goal of the family isto encourage independence, particularly that of the children. 4______ the Chinese, older Americans seldom live with their children.Chinese people have different meanings to define friends. Just hanging out together time to time is not friendship. Friendship means lifelong friends who feel deeply obligated to give each other 5______ help might seem required. Americans always call people they meet friends, so the definition of friends is general and different. There are work friends, playing friends, school friends and drinking friends.6______ is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always conservative when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the USA, 7______ far fewer families are saving money for emergencies and education than their Chinese counterparts.Chinese people value education and career more than Americans, 8______ in turn put more emphasis on good character and faith.9______ China values the community and the US values the individual. If you achieve something in the US, it’s because you were great. While in China, if you achieve something in China it’s 10______ the team, or family, or the company is great. Everything you do gets attributed to the greater whole, while in America individual merits are celebrated.【答案与解析】1. between（由前面的“difference”可推测此处填“between”，此处是说“中美两国的六大文化差异”。
宁波大学242二外法语2014-2020年考研专业课真题试卷
(mourir)<2>.
III. Tournez les questions et discours suivants en questions indirectes et discours indirects:（4*2.5=10%）（将直接引语改成间接引语） 1. Jacques a dit : “Tu verras demain mon succès. ” 2. Le garçon a demandé à sa mère: “Pourquoi papa s’est promené dans le parc hier? ” 3. Le voyageur a demandé: “Ici, est-ce qu’il neige dehors?” 4. Mon père m’a demandé: “Qu’est-ce que tu as vu au cinéma ?”
II. Remplissez les phrases avec les verbes convenables: (10*1.5=15%) 1. La jeune fille (travailler) <1> dans cette maison nous a appris que l’auteur de ce roman
第1页共3页
宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码： 242 总分值： 100 科目名称：
法语（二外）
IV. Remplacez les points par les pronoms relatifs, ajoutez les précédents（先行词）ou les
épositions si c’est nécessaire : （10*1= 10%） 1. C’est la voiture <1>je me sers quand je voyage.
宁波大学2017年考研真题【外国语学院】242法语(二外)初试试卷(A卷)
科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Remplacez les points par les articles,les prénoms et les prépositions:（30*0.5=15%）1.Quelqu’un m’a dit que vous savez plusieurs langues,où<1>avez-vous apprises?Au lycée?2.<2>la table il y a<3>pain et<4>pain est chaud,c’est<5>toi?---Non.Je n’aime pas<6>pain etje ne mange pas<7>pain.3.Je voudrais bien voyager<8>France.Mon père<9>sais bien et il décide<10>m’acheter le billetd’avion.4.Il se fait rembourser<11>la Sécuritésociale.5.Le professeur nous interroge<12>la réformeéconomique.6.Cela donne<13>réfléchir.7.Pierre n’a trouvéplus le livre<14>son retour. vieàla campagne,qu’est-ce que vous<15>pensez?----<16>,je ne<17>déteste pas.L’air<18>est frais et les paysages sont beaux,mais quant<19>autres conditions de vie,c’est pasagréable.9.Sylvie joue<20>piano.On vient<21><22>offrir un piano<23>occasion pour son anniversaire.10.On a un article<24>traduire<25>français.11.C’est Catherine,elle va vous aider.Si vous avez besoin<26>quelque chose,il<27>suffit<28><29>téléphoner.12.Paul s’adresse<30>un jeune homme pour emprunter un parapluie.II.Remplissez les phrases avec les verbes convenables:(15*1=15%)1.Hier il(mettre)<1>son attaché-case dans la voiture et puis il ne l’a trouvéplus.2.(Accompagner)<2>par le ministre,le président a visitéle monument.3.Si elle(rester)<3>chez elle l’année dernière,elle(ne pas pouvoir)<4>rencontrer Andréa,son mari actuel.4.L’année suivante quand l’exposition(se terminer)<5>,une nouvelle réformeéconomique(commenrcer)<6>dans notre pays.5.Ma mère veut que mon frère et moi,nous(aller)<7>voir notre grand-père.6.Il suivit la vielle femme jusqu’àla porte.Elle(ouvrir)<8>la porte et y entra,s’assit dans sonfauteuil:elle(être)<9>fatiguée.科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学7.Il a chantéen(danser)<10>pendant la soirée.8.Il est possible qu’elle ne(vouloir)<11>pas sortir toute seule.9.(Ne pas recevoir)<12>d’argent,je lui aiécrit de nouveau.10.Elle(se souvenir)<13>de vous et puis elle vous a appelé.11.Il a lu dans un journal qu’une banque(attaquer)<14>quelques jours auparavant.12.---Lesélèves t’attendent,(aller)<15>àl’école!III.Choisissez le meilleur terme:（10*1=10%）1.Vousécrivez souvent des lettresàvos parents?---Non,je ne______écris pas souvent.a.les,leurb.leur,lesc.leur,end.n’en,leur2.Elles sont______heureuses d’avoir achetéune maison_____neuve.a.tout,toutb.toutes,toutesc.toutes,touted.tout,toute3．Que pensez-vous___ce nouveau film?a.àb.dec.surd.pour4.Ce sont vos cahiers?----Non,ce sont_______de Paul,______sont là-bas.a.ceux,les miensb.ceux,les siensc.celles,siensd.ceux,miens5.Je crois queça dépend du professeur.─Oui,je sais queça______.a.lui dépendb.en dépendc.dépend de luid.le dépend6.C’est_____le grandécrivant est né.a.cette maison-làqueb.dans cette maison-làoùc.dans cette maison-làqued.cette maison-làoù7.Ah,ta mère,____voilà,elle t’attend depuis longtempsàla sortie de l’école.a.tub.elled.lui8.L’enfant dort,ne fais pas___bruit.a.le plus petitb.plus petitc.le moindred.moindre科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学9.Il n’a pas réussi___sa mauvaise santé.a.grâceàb.parce quec.àcause ded.car téléne marche pas de sorte qu’il n’y___pas de son.a.aib.ac.aitd.avaitIV.Tournez les questions et discours suivants en questions indirectes et discours indirects:（4*2.5=10%）（将直接引语改成间接引语）1.Pierre a ditàsa mère:“Je veux alleràBeijing.”2.Paul a demandé:“Oùest-ce que mon frère est alléhier?”3.Marie demandaàson frère:“Est-ce que ma soeur viendra demain?”4.Anna a demandé:“Qu’est-ce qu’il fait ici?”V.Remplacez les points par les pronoms relatifs,ajoutez les précédents（先行词）ou les prépositions si c’est nécessaire:（10*1=10%）1.Le professeur s’avance vers le bureau<1>il y a quelques livres.2.Jacques veut voir le film<2>ils ont parléhier.3.J’ai déjàachetéle livre<3>m’intéresse.4.Les ouvriers vont orner la maison<4>est néle président.5.L’homme<5>attendent les agents de police est très méchant.6.Il s’est arrêtédevant les photos<6>certaines lui faisaient rappeler son enfance.7.Voici la personne<7>vous attend.8.Voilàune maison<8>nous appartient.9.Il lui fallait aller vivre dans un pays<9>il ne savait rien.10.Les choses<10>il s’attend bien n’ont pas apparu.科目代码:242科目名称：法语（二外）适用专业:英语语言文学日语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学préhensionécrite et version:（10%）Actuellement,les métiers du sport sont très recherchés par les jeunes.En effet,pour eux,vivre de leur passion leur paraît souvent la seule possibilitéde gagner leur vie d’une manière intéressante.Un jeune garçon passionnéde foot,même dans son petit village joue non seulement plusieurs fois par semaine enéquipe,mais regarde aussi tous les matchsàla télévision et se déplace facilement vers un stade oùse déroule（发生，进行）le match qu’il attend.Alors au moment de choisir une profession, voudra-t-il par exemple,être comptable（会计）derrière un bureau toute sa vie?Non.Il va essayer par exemple d’être journaliste sportif,il restera ainsi dans le milieu sportif qu’il aime.1.Pourquoi les métiers du sport sont-ils recherchés par les jeunes?(2*1=2%)2.Traduire ce petit texte en chinois s’il vous plaît.(8*1=8%)VII.Traduisez en français les phrases suivantes:（15%）1.在许多黑非洲国家，法语是官方语言，我们称这些国家为法语国家。
宁波大学242法语(二外)2021年考研专业课初试大纲
2021年宁波大学硕士研究生招生考试初试科目考 试 大 纲科目代码、名称:242法语(二外)1、考试形式与试卷结构（1）试卷满分值及考试时间本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
（二）答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成；答案必须写在答题纸（由考点提供）相应的位置上。
（三）试卷内容结构考试内容主要包括法语语法、词汇、阅读、写作。
（四）试卷题型结构1.介冠代词填空2.选择题3.关系代词填空4.动词时态填空5.变换句型6.阅读理解7.翻译8.作文二、考查目标课程考试的目的在于测试考生对于法语的基本语法的掌握程度及词汇量，考察学生法语读、写、译的能力。
3、考查范围或考试内容概要1.语法：要求掌握冠词（定冠词、不定冠词、部分冠词、冠词缺省）、各种代词（主语人称代词、直接宾语人称代词、间接宾语人称代词、副代词、中性代词、主有代词、指示代词、泛指代词以及各种代词的位置）、动词（包括各种时态及人称变位、不定式）、分词（现在分词、过去分词、过去分词的性数配合）、形容词（单复数、阴阳性、比较级、最高级及在句子中的位置）、副词（比较级和最高级以及在句子中的位置）；要求掌握各种介词、副动词；基数词和序数词；要求掌握基本法语时态和语态（直陈式有：直陈式现在时，最近过去时，最近将来时，简单将来时，未完成过去时，复合式过去时，愈过去时，先将来时，过去将来时，过去最近将来时，过去最近过去时，简单过去时；命令式；被动语态；条件式有：条件式现在时和过去时；虚拟式有：虚拟式现在时和虚拟式过去时）；句法（句子的成分及构成，连词、关系代词、复合关系代词，主宾复合句，定语从句，状语从句，绝对分词从句）；否定句和疑问句。
2.词汇：以参考书目单词表为要求范围。
3.阅读：要求能在一定时间内看懂300字以内，带有10个以内生词（参考书目单词表外的单词）的短文。
4.写作：要求能在30分钟之内完成100单词以上的写作，句子基本通顺，时态基本正确，无重大语法错误，叙事清楚，有逻辑。
宁波大学外语学院243俄语(二外)历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录
2012年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2013年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2014年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2015年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2016年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2017年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
2012年宁波大学外语学院243俄语（二外）考研真题及详解
Часть 1：将下列动词变位，写出单数第一、二人称和复数第三人称形式。
（10%）
расписаться
【答案】расписаться; распишусь; распишешься; распишутся
снять
【答案】снять; сниму; снимешь; снимут
мыть
【答案】мыть; мою; моешь; моют
искать
【答案】искать; ищу; ищешь; ищут
аплодировать
【答案】аплодировать; аплодирую; аплодируешь; аплодируют
упасть
【答案】упасть; упаду; упадешь; упадут
вставать
【答案】вставать; встаю; встаешь; встают
забыть
【答案】забыть; забуду; забудешь; забудут
сдаться。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
目 录
2005年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2006年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2007年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2009年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2010年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2011年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2012年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2013年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）2014年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）2015年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）2016年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）2017年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）2018年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）2019年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）
2005年宁波大学218英语（二外）
考研真题及详解（A卷）
Ⅰ. Match the words under Column A with the definitions under Column B. (10%)
【答案与解析】
1.e campaign竞选活动；战役
2.k conservation对自然环境的保护；保存
3.m elite精华；精锐；精英
4.h field school教学与科研实验基地
5.r nervous breakdown精神崩溃
6.p payroll工资单
7.c the bottom line底线；本质内容
8.q thanks to由于；幸亏
9.b refreshing提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的
10.s psychology心理状态；心理特点；心理影响
11.o eliminate排除；消除，除掉
12.a habitat产地；（动物的）栖息地
13.j beyond one’s wildest dreams大大超过所望的；大大出乎意料的
14.f consequence推论；结果；成果
15.l collide碰撞；冲突；抵触
16.g collaboration合作
17.t perspective透镜，望远镜；观点
18.d in-service在职的，在职期间进行的，不脱产的。