大学英语精读4_uint5_To_lie_or_not_to_lie

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Unit-5-To-Lie-or-Not-to-Lie-–-The-Doctor’s-Dilemma

Unit 5 To Lie or Not to Lie – The Doctor’s Dilemma一、教学目的1、了解与课文相关的文化背景知识和议论文的文体风格及写作特点。

2、理解课文的主题思想以及文中出现的复杂、疑难句式。

3、掌握：1) 课文的篇章结构和特点;2）构词法：后缀-ary & -ory added to nouns to form adjectives3）惯用法：also, as well, too;4）阅读技巧: Basic Reading Skill VII—Distinguishing Fact from Opinion (1); 5）写作技巧：write concluding sentence; a letter of application.4、熟练掌握：重点词汇、短语和关键句型1）重点词汇：advocate, alternative, benefit, conceal, arise, betray, promote, differ, risk, distort, tolerate, render, informed, concerning, suspicion, injure, deceive, debate, issue, consequence, professional, peculiar;2）重点短语、句型：短语：at times, in one’s eyes, slip into, contrary to, in the first place, in the course of, in the dark, bring to a close, take leave, in the long run, go to great lengths, refrain from, day after day;句型：1) contrary to…2) object clause二、教学重点1、掌握：1）与课文相关的文化背景知识，如“Three Types of Doctors”,“OtherMedical Workers”, “White Lies” etc.Three Types of Doctors:General practitioners(全科医生): They may not have special training in any particular medical field, but develops a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness.Specialists (专家，专科医生) : Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness, thus becoming specialists in their chosen field.Researchers (医学研究人员) : Those doctors often help teach future physicians in medical schools. At the same time, they use the laboratories and hospital facilities of the medical schools to conduct research programs.Other Medical WorkersPhysician内科医生Surgeon外科医生Dentist牙医Intern, Resident, Chief Resident 实习医生，住院医生，住院总医师Nurse, Head Nurse护士，护士长Veterinarian (Vet) 兽医Quack江湖游医A White LieA white lie is a lie that is considered to be justified, or even praiseworthy, if it is in the interests of the person or people to whom it istold. Quite often, a doctor’s lie is thought to be a case in point.2）了解议论文的文体风格和写作特点。

大学英语精读教程 Book 4 Unit 5

2. conceal vt. 隐瞒
e.g. She concealed her fear from the young members of the family. I knew at once that the doctor was concealing something from me. Note: conceal … from …

2. expose vt. make known揭露；暴露
ex-
: prefix向外 e.g. The newspaper exposed the activities of the secret organization. After the scandal was exposed, Mr. Johnson and his wife both committed suicide. Note: expose … to … exposure n.
9. at times: sometimes; once in a while 间或，偶尔
e.g. We have noodles for lunch at times. As my father is getting on in years, he gets very sleepy at times.
4. dwarf n. 矮子；矮小的动 (植)物
e.g. The dwarf sees farther than the giant, when he has the giant’s shoulders to mount on. They are dwarfs beside Shakespeare.
16. betrayt betrayed when the President went back on his promise not to raise taxes. Who could have thought that he had betrayed his best friend to the enemy?

[精选]Unit 5 TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE课文翻译大学英语四--资料

Unit 5 TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE— THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMASissela BokIs it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying? These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them. Now a new light is shed on them.Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do no harm.'"Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously hones with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you."撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题医生可以对病人撒谎吗?医生应该告诉病人他已经病入膏肓了吗?这些问题看起来很简单，但是要给出令人满意的回答却并不那么简单。

上外教大学英语精读unit 5

alternative
You have the ~ of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful. Is there no ~ to what you propose?
refrain
injure
He was ~d in a car accident.
arise
A new difficult has arisen. There arose new problems.
bill(s) of rights
Many constitutions have a Bill of Rights, a list of certain rights guaranteed to the people. It has become common to extend this use metaphorically to other lists of rights, eg. A consumers’ bill of rights, a patients’ bill of rights and so on. Here patients’ bills of rights refer to statements of rights guaranteed by different hospitals to their patients.
keep……in the dark
1. 1. 1. If you’ve got some bad news about your
friend, what are you likely to do ? 2. Do you like to know everything about yourself ?

大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案

大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。

男孩们很快就明白如果事情看起来好得不像真的那多半确实不是真的。

轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。

“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话这兴许是一种办法。

”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。

塑料袋上印着一条信息说需要招聘人投递这样的袋子这活儿既轻松又赚钱。

“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。

“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。

“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子真使我痛心 ”我说。

孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。

我听了很高兴便离城出差去了。

午夜时分我已远离家门在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。

电话铃响了是妻子打来的。

她想知道我这一天过得可好。

“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。

“你过得怎么样?”我问道。

“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。

“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。

又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。

”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。

第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。

我不知道这一辆装的啥但我肯定又是四千份什么的。

既然这事是你促成的我想你或许想了解事情的进展。

”我之所以受到指责事情原来是这样由于发生了一起报业工人罢工通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页必须派人直接投送出去。

公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。

“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。

“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。

就在我们说话的当儿两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。

这么多广告我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。

大英4 unite 5

• 主句结构: sb say to sb
• 定语从句 who is found … • 让步状语从句 though he feels … • 定语从句 that will cause…
12
• 8 deny v 否认/否定 • Sb deny that…; deny doing … • He denies attempting to murder his wife. • 9 minimize v 降低; 贬低; 使减少到最低… • The mountaineers took every precaution (预防
• in perfect health 健康良好
• 6 cancer n 癌
区分: cancel v
• 7 cause v 使发生; 造成; 引起; 导致
• Do you know what caused the fire?
• cause sb to do sth
• The boy caused her to lose her job.
• Trees shelter the house from the wind.
6
• 11 brutal a 直截了当的; 冷酷/残忍的; • 残暴/兽性的
The boss was a brutal man and everyone was afraid of his brutal behavior.
• 2 urgently ad = under much pressure
• 紧迫地
• 3 at times ad 有时/时不时地
• =sometimes; once in a while
• We have sandwiches for lunch at times, but usually we prefer noodles.

大学英语精读4 Unit Five

11. evaporate SYN—vapor n. 蒸汽，烟雾 v. 使蒸发 evaporated a. 脱水的，浓缩的 ~ milk 炼乳 extinct book 绝版书 on the verge/edge of extinction 频临灭绝 12. extinct volcano 死火山
face extinction/be threatened with extinction eg: Many endangered species now face extinction. 许多濒危物种现正面临灭绝。
23. miraculous
SYN—mysterious, magic, fantastic
24. overblown SYN—exaggerated, excessive an overblown technician 装模作样的技师 overblow Vt. 吹落，吹散；夸张，过分渲染 25. Overwhelm vt. be ~ed by/with sth overwhelming a. ~ majority ; ~ desire
They would be overwhelmed with paperwork.
The Mideast Oil Crisis in the 1970’s:
In October 1973, Arab petroleum exporting countries cut off exports of petroleum to many Western nations, including the United States, in response to their involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflicts (阿以冲突). The embargo (贸易禁令) led to rising oil prices in the early 1970’s, bringing widespread panic to Western countries. Many people believe that high oil consumption in these countries was the root cause of the oil crisis. The Mideast Oil Crisis enhanced public environmental awareness and heightened public concern over natural resource scarcity.

大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案

大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。

男孩们很快就明白如果事情看起来好得不像真的那多半确实不是真的。

轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。

“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话这兴许是一种办法。

”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。

塑料袋上印着一条信息说需要招聘人投递这样的袋子这活儿既轻松又赚钱。

“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。

“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。

“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子真使我痛心 ”我说。

孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。

我听了很高兴便离城出差去了。

午夜时分我已远离家门在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。

电话铃响了是妻子打来的。

她想知道我这一天过得可好。

“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。

“你过得怎么样?”我问道。

“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。

“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。

又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。

”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。

第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。

我不知道这一辆装的啥但我肯定又是四千份什么的。

既然这事是你促成的我想你或许想了解事情的进展。

”我之所以受到指责事情原来是这样由于发生了一起报业工人罢工通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页必须派人直接投送出去。

公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。

“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。

就在我们说话的当儿两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。

这么多广告我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。

大学英语4 Unit5 To_Lie_or_not_to_lie

To Lie or Not to Lie—The Doctor’s Dilemma [diˈlemə]n.窘境，困境；进退两难Sissela BokShould doctors ever [ˈevə]adv.永远；曾经，这以前；究竟，到底；可能lie to benefit their patients- to speed recovery or to conceal [kənˈsi:l]vt.隐藏，隐瞒，遮住the approach [əˈproʊtʃ]vt.& vi.接近，走近，靠近vt.接近；着手处理；使移近；试图贿赂（或影响，疏通）n.方法；途径；接近vi.靠近of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed [dwɔ:f]n.侏儒，矮子；矮小的动物（植物）；[天]矮星vt.（使）显得矮小；使（发育，智能等）受阻碍；使相形见绌vi.变矮小adj.矮小的by greater needs: the need to shelter[ˈʃeltə]n.居所；避难所；（无家可归者或受虐待者的）收容所；遮蔽vt.掩蔽；庇护；保护vi.躲避；避难from brutal news or to uphold [ʌpˈhəuld]vt.支持；维持；赞成；支撑a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption [kəˈrʌpʃən]n.腐败，堕落；腐化，贪污；舞弊，贿赂；（文献等的）讹误or to promote the public interest.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny[diˈnai]v t.拒绝；拒绝承认；拒绝……占有；否认知情that he is ill, or minimize[ˈminimaiz]v t.把……减至最低数量[程度]；对（某事物）作最低估计，极力贬低（某事物）的价值[重要性]；极度轻视the gravityˈɡræviti]n.重力；万有引力，地心引力；重要性，严重性；严肃，庄重of the prognosis [prɔgˈnəʊsɪs]n.[医]预后，判病结局；预测? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?Doctors confront[kənˈfrʌnt]vt.面对；使面对面，使对质；碰到，遇到；比较such choices often and urgently [ˈɜ:dʒəntlɪ]adv.紧急地，急迫地. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing [inˈfɔ:m]vt.通知；使活跃，使充满；预示vi.通知；告发them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate [diˈtiəriəreit]vt.使恶化vi.恶化，变坏faster, perhaps even commit [kəˈmit]vt.犯罪，做错事；把……托付给；保证（做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等）；承诺，使……承担义务suicide. [ˈsjuisaid]n.自杀；自杀者；自杀行为vt.自杀vi.自杀adj.自杀的As one physician w rote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a percept [ˈpri:ˈsept]n.规诫，戒律，箴言that transcends trænˈsend]v t.超越，超出……的限度；优于或胜过……；高于或独立于（宇宙）而生存the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is as far as possible do no harm.”Armed with such a precept,[ˈpri:ˈsept]n.规诫，戒律，箴言 a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos,[pləˈsi:bəʊz]n.（给无实际治疗需要者的）安慰剂（placebo的名词复数）；安慰物；宽心话；（试验药物用的）无效对照剂sound more encouraging than the facts warrant [ˈwɔrənt]n.授权证；许可证；正当理由；依据vt.保证，担保；授权，批准；辩解, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.But the illusory [ɪˈlu:səri:, -zəri:]adj.<正>貌似真实的，虚幻的；虚无缥缈nature of the benefits such deception [dɪˈsepʃən]n.瞒骗，欺诈；骗局is meant to produce is now coming to be documented.[ˈdɔkjumənt]n.（计算机）文档，证件；公文vt.证明；记录；为……提供证明Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely] [hjuːˈmeɪnli]adv.仁慈地；人道地；富人情地；慈悲地conveyed, [kənˈveid]v.运输（convey的过去式和过去分词）；运送；输送；表达helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, needless medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent[biˈnevələnt]adj.好心肠的；与人为善的；乐善好施的；慈善的deception; they invade the autonomy[ɔ:ˈtɔnəmi]n.自治，自治权；自主权；自治国，社区，或集团等；人身自of patients and render [ˈrendə]vt.提出，开出；放弃，让与；报答；归还vi.给予补偿；熬油n.纳贡；（墙壁的）初涂，打底；（抹在墙上的）底灰；底层them unable to make informed [ɪnˈfɔ:md]adj.了解情况的；见多识广的；有情报根据的；消息灵通的v.告诉（inform的过去式和过去分词）；（inform oneself）使了解choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall [bɪˈfɔ:l]vt.& vi.降临到（某人）头上；发生，降临vi.降临patients in the course of their illness when information is denied and distorted.Dying patients especially- who are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the dark- can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or to have surgery; about where and within whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity [inˈteɡriti]n.正直，诚实；完整；[计算机]保存；健全and, in the long run, to their credibility.[ˈkredəˈbɪlɪti:]n.可靠性，可信性；确实性Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion [səsˈpiʃən]n.怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；〈口〉一点儿vt.怀疑of deceit undercuts [ˈʌndəˈkʌt]vt.（网球等）从下削球；廉价出售；较便宜的工资工作n.（网球等）下旋球；牛的）腰部肉，里脊vi.底切t he work of the many doctors who are scrupulously [ˈskruːpjələsli]adv.一丝不苟地；小心翼翼地，多顾虑地honest with their patients; contributes to the spiral [ˈspaiərəl]n.螺旋（线）；旋涡；螺旋形物；（足球运动的）旋球v.使成螺旋形；螺旋式的上升（或下降盘旋上升（或下降）adj.螺旋形的；盘旋的；盘旋上升的of lawsuits[ˈlɔ:ˈsu:t]n.诉讼；诉讼案件and of “defensive medicine,” and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press vt.压，按；逼迫；紧抱vi.压；逼迫；重压n.强迫征兵；新闻报道，出版物；压榨；印刷机（厂）for answers. Patients’ bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent [ˈeləkwənt]adj.雄辩的，有口才的；有说明力的；富于表情的，逼真的；动人的bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove [ˈdɪsəˈpru:v]vi.不赞成vt.反对，否决；持相反的意见but refrain [riˈfrein]v t.抑制，克制n.（诗歌的）叠句，副歌；经常重复的评价（或抱怨）vi.忍耐，节制from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent [riˈzent]v t.对……感到愤怒；怨恨；愤恨；厌恶having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well,practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty there serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary [ˈwɛəri]adj.谨慎的，小心翼翼的；警戒的，警惕的of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode [ɪˈrəʊd]vt.& vi.侵蚀，腐蚀vi.逐渐毁坏；削弱，损害trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social s ciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “what you don’t know can’t hurt you.”。

Unit 5 To Lie or not to Lie

Unit 5:To Lie or Not to Lie---- The Doctor’s Dilemma Sissela Bok
What is health?
WHO, or the World Health Organization(世界卫生组织）, declared that health is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease”. Obviously the goal of medicine is to maintain health. “健康不仅仅是指没有疾病或病痛，而且是一种身体上、精神上和社会上的完全良好状态。” 也就是说健康的人要有强壮的体魄和乐观向上的精神状态，并能与其所处的社会及自然环境保持协调的关系和良好的心理素质。
Part I Part II Line1-26 Doctors’ reasons for telling lies. Line2755 Line5671 The author’s reasons why patients should be told the truth. The author urges that an open debate be held on this issue.
Telling a lie
Pinocchio was created as a wooden puppet, but dreamed of becoming a real boy. He is known for having a long nose that becomes longer when he is under stress , especially while telling a lie.

现代大学英语精读4-Lesson Five答案

Lesson Five Man of the MomentⅡV ocabulary1.Translate(1)假日别墅(2)著名的电视明星(3)下流语言(4)黄色故事(5)银行抢劫(6)生产双层玻璃的公司(7)联合抵押(8)一句气话(9)永远达不到的目标(10)乡村音乐和西部音乐(11)加重了的潜水腰带(12)心碎的(13)一切以自我为中心的人(14)光是重量(15)光凭运气(16)纯粹是胡言(17)军号声(18)人工呼吸(19)一溜气泡(20)一丁点的关心(1)to trickle(2)to puff like a whale(3)to melt like snow(4)to sum up the scene(5)to do their interview(6)to bear resentment(7)to feel sick in the stomach(8)to come in like thunder(9)to drift away gradually(10)to value one’s opinion(11)to increase one’s standing with sb(12)to have a liking for sb(13)to pull oneself together(14)to serve dinner(15)to tackle an armed robber(16)to stick with sb(17)to fasten the belt (18)to abuse one’s wife(19)to screw his way around(20)to lay a finger on sb(21)to catch sb trying to sb sth(22)to try the kiss of life(23)to heave oneself up(24)to float to the surface(25)to thrash about under the water(26)to prop oneself against(27)to break surface(28)to seize hold of sth(29)to haul oneself up(30)to pinion one’s arms(31)to fend sb odd(32)to land a blow(33)to stay under in the water2. Replace the words and expressions italicized with suitable words and expressions from the text.(1)obscene(2)melted (down)(3)summed up the scene(4)their staff; concern(5)came of(6)at the bottom of her reserves as far as romance was concerned(7)Do you really bear me no resentment(8)resigned herself to a life without (her) sight(9)increase your standing with(10)t o be partial to; to like; to have a special liking for(11)t he full significance of the matter hit her(12)b arely; toppled(13)s noring away(14)i mportence against the attack(15)l and; pull up; haul up; heave up3. Translate(1)We need to increase our oil import in the coming years to meet the growingdemand for energy.(2)Our profit has increased by 20% in the past two years.(3)The number of privately-owned cars has increased five times in five years.(4)The number of mobile phone owners in our city has increased from 20 thousandto about half a million in less than 5 years.(5)She propped her bike against a tree.(6)The local economy is largely propped on tourism.(7)He was fast asleep with his head propped on a big rock.(8)You need strong props to keep the tower from leaning any further.(9)Flight 901 is due to land at the airport at 8:55.(10)Many foreign observers say that the next man to land on the moon may verywell be a Chinese.(11)One of the stones they threw landed on the head of a young soldier.(12)If you go on like this, you will land yourself in a jail.(13)I landed a powerful punch to his chin and sent him sprawling.(14)When you approach a drowning person, you must not let him grip your hands.(15)Reported of the sudden appearance of these whales gripped the interest of thewhole city.(16)If she lost grip of the rope, she’d fall 1000 feet to sure death.(17)You must keep a grip on yourself. Don’t despair.(18)Our government did everything posssible to defend the value of our currency.(19)The total value of our exports to that country in the first nine months this yearhas reached $ 94 billion.(20) A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.(21)At college, students acquire certain values. This is an important part of theireducation.(22)If you value your life, quit smoking!(23)This painting is valued at $ 20 millioon.4. Fill in the blanks with appropritate prepositions or adverbs.(1)down; up(2)with; of/from(3)to; for(4)in(5)to; by; for (6)away; at(7)up; off(8)at; off; over(9)on; up with(10)o n; on(11)a way; away(12)b ack; to(13)u p; at(14)o f; off(15)f or; with/by5. Tell the difference between the following pairs or groups of words.1)(1) tormented/tortured (2) torture (3) tormenting/torturing2)(1) first/first of all/in the first place (2)first/in the first place (3) At first (4) inthe first place (5) in the first place3)(1) grabbed/seized (2) grab (3) seized (4)grasped (5) grasp/seize (6) grab(7) gripped/grasped4)(1) sprinkle (2) sprayed (3) spray (4) sprinkle5)(1) topping/falling (2) topple (3) topple (4) fall6)(1)murmuring (2) mutter (3) murmuring (4) murmuring7. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1)mark(2)presented(3)which(4)as(5)raises (6)must have disliked(7)had asked(8)in(9)coming(10)a pparently(11)S ome(12)h ad(13)a s saying(14)t o be destroyed(15)u ntil afterⅢGrammar2. Turn the following into tag questions.(1)You really don’t bear any resentment for what he did, do you?(2)I just don’t think there is anything you can do for uss, is there?(3)Nobody has ever complained, have they?(4)There aren’t enough copies to go round, are there?(5)It’s surely a big decision to make for a young man, isn’t it?(6)It isn’t so difficult to choose between Oxford and Cambridge, is it?(7)I hope we’ll stay in touch with each other, don’t you?(8)I’m not interfering, am I?(9)You ‘ve never been to the Great Wall of China, have you?(10)S ee that every one of our customers is attended to during the rush hours, won’tyou?(11)D on’t tell anybody what’s going on here for the time being, will you?(12)I’m standing in your way, aren’t I?(13)I’d better find a lawyer, hadn’t I?(14)I t would’t hurt us any to hear a bit of criticism, would it?(15)T he way I choose to treat my staff is my concern, isn’t it?3. Practice emphasizing important elements.(1)Whoever has heard of a 60-year-old lady going figure skating?(2)What I would like to do after finishing college I really don’t Know.(3)It was only yesterday that life seemed so long and boring.(4)How he could manage to work three days without a wink of sleep I just can’timagine.(5)It was Mother who first saw that there was something wrong with me.(6)Standing behind his big CEO-type of desk were two glass-fronted bookcases fromfloor to ceiling.(7)What they desperately need are management personnel who can creatively carryout the company’s policies.(8)All you are supposed to do is to push this button to start the generator.(9)It was owing to an oversight of some kind that Dr.Lin was not invited to the forunon drug abuse.(10)H e was like a man trying to run a race in iron shoes, I thought.(1)at all(2)over, ever(3)always(4)at all (5)always(6)definitely(7)exactly(8)never(9)exactly(10)y ear after yearDCABA CBDAC CDBDA D。

大学英语精读第四册第三版book4Unit5答案

大学英语精读第三版第四册Book4 Unit5答案上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编1) in eyes2) brutal3) promote4) Contrary to5) Corruption6) betrayed7) brings to a close8) risked9) in the long run10) distorted11) utters12) At times1) tolerate2) went to great lengths3) was rendered4) in the eyes of5) concealed6) refrain from7) concerning8) injure9) slip into10) professional11) invaded12) arises13) took his leave14) day after day15) minimize1) differs from2) contributing to3) shelter from4) go on5) has slipped into6) hoping for7) refrain from8) pressing for1) Mr. Park is a strong advocate of free market policies.2) The new way to treat arthritis provides an alternative to painkillers.3) Please refrain from using such coarse language when talking to innocent young girls.4) The shock of her aunt's death rendered her completely unable to go on working.5) As she matured politically, she became increasingly sympathetic to the cause of communism.1) imaginary2) contradiction3) satisfactory4) planet5) arbitrary6) preparation7) legendary8) compulsion9) secondary10) honor1) pitch-black2) blood-thirsty3) airtight4) headstrong5) bone-dry6) sky-blue7) tax-deductible8) newsworthy9) drug-resistant10) class-conscious 1) also2) too3) also4) too5) as well/too6) too7) also8) as well/ too1) contrary to mine2) contrary to the regulations3) contrary to what we had expected4) Contrary to what I thought5) Contrary to all advice1) At early dawn the retired professor was seen strolling near where the monument stood.2) Peter has always been in good health except that he has a slight headache sometimes.3) I am thinking of how we can improve our study habits.4) We are still uncertain as to whether Henry is the right person for the job.5) I have an arrangement with my bank by which they let me use their money and repay them next month.1) dilemma2) concealing3) benefit4) contrary to5) grave6) betrayed7) concerning8) in the dark9) colleagues10) In the long run11) consequence12) deceiving1) see/regard2) of3) attitude4) difference5) cure6) hand7) Against8) no9) expect10) fact11) rather12) do13) that14) patients15) on16) even17) profession18) extent/degree19) who20) given21) doctor/physician22) not23) finds翻译1) 我确信这项所谓 (so-called) 明智的决定，与期望相反，会带来极其严重的后果。

现代大学英语精读(4)Unit1-Unit5课后翻译

Unit 1Ⅰ. Translate_Vocabulary1、我知道，不管发生什么，我都可以指望我的兄弟会支持我。

I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2、一般情况下，年轻人总是对现在和将来更有兴趣。

As a general rule, young people tend to be more interest in the present and the future.3、如果他们双方不妥协，就都会遭损。

Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4、我们希望使我们的全部课程和教材都成为一个统一的整体。

It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5、中国的书面文字一直是国家完整统一的一个重要因素。

The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6、在中国的传统艺术中，竹子往往代表道德上的正直、刚正不阿。

In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7、绝大多数人都赞成深化改革。

The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8、伊丽莎白一世女王统治英国45 年。

在她统治期间，国家十分繁荣昌盛。

Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9、真理一开始总是掌握在少数人手里。

完整版大学英语精读第四册Unit5

Unit5eyes in1.suggestion may sound reasonable I'm afraid to you, but Her 's everybody else.ridiculous it may seem但在其他人眼中恐怕看起来荒谬。

她的建议听起来合理,to tell dying patients the truth about th )Some doctors believe it is brutal(残忍的e.as to commit suicid eir condition because they may become so distressed ,因为他们可能变得如此痛苦的自杀。

一些医生认为这是残酷的实话告诉垂死病人对自己的疾病)...交托给；指派…作战；使…承担义务(commit vt. 犯罪，做错事；把mutual promote to that all these activities have helped satisfaction2.We note withunderstanding and friendship between our two countries.所有这些活动有助于促进我们两国之间的相互了解和友谊我们满意地注意到,促进；提升；推销；发扬成为王后或其他大于卒的子vt. promote vi.the belief of some doctors, even very old and sick people want to know the to.Contrary 3.details of their illness so that they can prepare for death in their own special way.以便准备死在自己的特殊方式。

病人想知道疾病的细节,一些医生的信念相反,即使很老, in any country that wants to achieve rapid5.Corruption in government is not tolerated economic growth and improve the life of its citizens.,提高市民的生活。

Unit 5 TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE课文翻译大学英语四说课讲解

Unit 5 TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE— THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMASissela BokIs it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying? These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them. Now a new light is shed on them.Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do no harm.'"Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness:helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously hones with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you."撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题医生可以对病人撒谎吗?医生应该告诉病人他已经病入膏肓了吗?这些问题看起来很简单，但是要给出令人满意的回答却并不那么简单。

大学英语精读第四册unit5

The author urges that an open debate be held on this issue
第第七七页页，，共共3333页页。。
1. dilemma: n. a difficult choice to be made between two possibilities
e.g. The doctor’s dilemma was whether she should tell her patient the truth or not. He was faced with the dilemma of whether or not to go back to Russia.
They are strong advocates of women's rights.
13. invade: enter with armed forces in order to attack. violate, interfere with eg: Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.
She accused the newspapers of invading her privacy.
14. render: make, cause to become
eg: The shock of her husband's death rendered her completely
unable to work.
Specialists:（专科医生）
Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness, thus becoming specialists in their chosen field.

大学英语精读4 课文_中英文对照

Text Book 4Unit 1TextTwo college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems too good to be true, it probably is. 一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。

男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。

BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY轻轻松松赚大钱John G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone had hung on our doorknob. “你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。

“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。

”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。

A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags. 塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚钱。

大学英语精读4 uint5 To lie or not to lie

2. Have you ever thought of being a doctor? Why or why not? 3. Suppose you are seriously ill, do you want the doctor to tell you the truth or not? Why?
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
About Medicine Medicine is the practice of maintaining of health and preventing, alleviating, or curing of disease. WHO, or the World Health Organization, declared that health is “a state of complete
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Definition of a White Lie
A white lie is a lie that is considered to be justified, or even praiseworthy, if it is in the interests of the person or people to whom it is told. Quite often, a doctor‟s lie is thought to be a case in point.
2. Recall occasions on which you have told a white lie and explain why it was