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环境工程专业英语第二版重点课文翻译及复习

life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide)化肥—chemical fertilizer 有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe 衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking 稀释—dilution添加剂—additive 合成塑料—synthetic plastic 再生—regenerationUnit 4Precision and accuracy 精确度和准确度bulk collection 大量的搜集matric material 基体材料ananlytical sequence 分析结果Multivariate statistics 多变量的统计interactive effect 相互间的影响insofar 在...的范围overall analytical scheme 整体分析计划灵敏度sensitivity 采样sample collection 真实时间real time样品欲处理pretreatment of the sample 稳定性stability曲线拟合curve-fitting 吸附adsorb adsorption 累积accumulate accumulation 分析评价analytical evaluation 物理分离physical separation因次图dimension graph 标准方差standard varianceUnit 5primary pollutant 一次大气污染物secondary pollutant 二次大气污染物air stagnation 空气流动停滞，大气停滞nitrous oxide 一氧化二氮(N2O)nitric oxide 一氧化氮(NO) nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮(NO2)soot 煤烟dust 灰尘smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide 杀虫剂/ 农药正常浓度normal concentration 严重污染的serious polluted / heavily polluted决定因素determining factor 光化学氧化物photochemical oxidant液体微滴liquid droplet 放射性物质radioactive substance不完全氧化incomplete oxidization / incomplete combustion含硫的sulfur-containing 风化wind erosion / weathering 汽车尾气automobile exhaustUnit 7出口outlet 多管高效旋风分离器multitube high-efficiency cyclone合成纤维synthetic fabric 捕集效率collection efficiency机械洗涤mechanical scrubbing 压力降pressure drop焚化炉incinerator 气体离子gas ion捕集板collection surface 碳黑carbon black尾气off-gas 可应用性applicability 工业规模full-scale 土壤床soil bed生物过滤器biofilter 固定资本fixed capital 易生物降解的easily biodegraded VOC 挥发性有机化合物APC 大气污染控制Regulatory program 调整项目Financial support 财政支持Operating cost 操作成本Biodegradation capacity 生物降解能力Environmental media 环境介质Biological 生物学的Technologies 技术、工艺Inorganic air pollutants 无机大气污染物Unit 10treatment facilities 处理设备municipality 市政当局, 自治市population equivalent 人口当量basement flooding 地下室浸水per capita per day 每人每天runoff 排水domestic sewage 生活污水type of terrain 地形种类Unit 12land disposal 掩埋处置fecal coliform 粪大肠菌群stringent effluent requirement 严格的废水排放要求assimilation capacity 同化能力practical outlets 可行的排出途径，现实出路aquatic life 水生生物detrimental to human health 对人体健康有害的endogenous phase 内源〔生长〕期Unit 13flow monitoring 流量监测equipment age and reliability 装备老化及其可靠性mechanistic facilities 机械设备microbial activity 微生物活性activated sludge 活性污泥controlling respiration 控制呼吸oxidation ditches 氧化沟on-line automation 在线自动〔监测〕手动控制operator control/ manual control 最优化minimize the effects微处理器microprocessor 统计分析statistical analysis质量衡算mass balance 动力学dynamics氧化还原oxidation and reduction /redox 停留时间residence time模拟simulation 参数parameter 水解hydrolysis 积分integralUnit 1 环境工程本书的内容：本书的目的是使工科和理科学生对环境问题的跨学科的研究有所了解：环境问题的起因，环境问题受关注的原因，如何控制环境问题。

环境专业英语英汉

Unit 10、Unit 12、Unit 13考试内容句子翻译1、Pollution of our water resources can occur directly from sewer outfalls or industrial discharges (point sources) or indirectly from air pollution or agricultural or urban runoff (nonpoint sources).水资源的污染可能是被污水的排放或工业废水的排放直接造成（点源），也可能是被大气污染或农业、城市排水间接造成的（非点源）。

2、Chemically pure water is a collection of H20 molecules—nothing else. Such a substance is not found in nature—not in wild streams or lakes, not in clouds or rain, not in falling snow, nor in the polar ice caps.化学纯水是水分子的收集（只有水分子）。

在自然界是不存在化学纯的水，在天然的溪水或天然湖水里，在云朵或雨水里，在下的雪或在极地的冰箱里都不存在化学纯的水。

3、Suspended solids (SS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) are the most useful. SS and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) are used as measures of wastewater strength and process performance.悬浮固体和挥发性悬浮固体是很有用的两个参数，悬浮固体和生化需氧量是用来测量废水的污染强度和处理性能。

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版翻译答案

环境科学与工程专业英语第四版翻译答案单项选择（每小题2分，共30道题）1. She refused to ___ the door key to the landlady until she got back her deposit. [单选题] *A. hand inB.hand outC.hand downD.hand over(正确答案)2. I've never been to Lhasa, but that's the city___. [单选题] *A.I'd most like to visit(正确答案)B. where I like to visit?C. which I like to visit mostlyD. I'd like much to visit3. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. [单选题] *A. may have acted(正确答案)B. must have actedC. should actD. would act4. The government____ to approve the use of wide-spead surveillance when the Justice Department took objections. [单选题] *A. is goingB. had beenC. was about(正确答案)D. is coming5. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course. [单选题] *A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge of(正确答案)D. knows6. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are so excited today, for they bought____ yesterday. [单选题] *A. many furnituresB. so much furnitureC. many piece of furnitureD. a lot of furniture(正确答案)7. Despite their good service provided, most inns are less expensive than hotelsof____standards. [单选题] *A. equivalent(正确答案)B. likelyC. alikeD. uniform8. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____ very pleasant to sit on in summer. [单选题] *A. which is(正确答案)B. which it isC. it isD. where it is9. If you have really been studying English for so long. It's about time you ___ able to write letters in English. [单选题] *A. should beB. were(正确答案)C. must beD . are10. He's ___ as a “bellyacher”—— he's always complaining about some thing. [单选题] *A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is known(正确答案)D. which is known11. way（）. [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面(正确答案)B.高速公路C.快速干道，高速公路D.传送，运送；传达，表达12. expressway（） [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面B.高速公路C.快速干道，高速公路(正确答案)D.传送，运送；传达，表达13. freeway（） [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面B.高速公路(正确答案)C.快速干道，高速公路D.传送，运送；传达，表达14. convey（） [单选题] *A.交通工具，车辆；传播媒介，工具，手段B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达(正确答案)15. vehicle（） [单选题] *A.交通工具，车辆；传播媒介，工具，手段(正确答案)B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达16. obvious（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于B.显然的，明显的(正确答案)C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达17. previous（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的(正确答案)D.传送，运送；传达，表达18. via（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于(正确答案)B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达19. want（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏(正确答案)C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的20. vanish（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在(正确答案)B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的21. vain（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的(正确答案)22. vacation（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假(正确答案)D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的23. vacant（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.未被占用的，空着的；空缺的；空虚的(正确答案)C.真空；真空吸尘器；用真空吸尘器清扫D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的24. vacuum（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.未被占用的，空着的；空缺的；空虚的C.真空；真空吸尘器；用真空吸尘器清扫(正确答案)D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的25. win（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢(正确答案)B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利26. convince（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服(正确答案)D.胜利27. victory（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利(正确答案)28. convict（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯(正确答案)C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利29. conviction（） [单选题] *A.确信，坚定的信仰；坚信，信服；定罪，判罪(正确答案)B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.牺牲品，受害者D.胜利30. victim（） [单选题] *A.确信，坚定的信仰；坚信，信服；定罪，判罪B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.牺牲品，受害者(正确答案)D.胜利阅读理解一：In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,”said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over theperiod studied. The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,”Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”31. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage? [单选题] *A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.(正确答案)B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.32. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands? [单选题] *A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.(正确答案)33. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill? [单选题] *A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.(正确答案)C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.34. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker? [单选题] *A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.(正确答案)B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.35. What does Karraker think is also important? [单选题] *A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’s relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.(正确答案)D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.阅读理解二：If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved youless?The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it doestell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.36. How might people often feel when they were misnamed? [单选题] *A)Unwanted.B)Unhappy.(正确答案)C)Confused.D)Indifferent.37. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming? [单选题] *A)It is related to the way our memories work.(正确答案)B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.38. What is most likely the cause of misnaming? [单选题] *A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.(正确答案)39. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming? [单选题] *A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.(正确答案)40. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers? [单选题] *A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.(正确答案)D) They generally take on more work at home.。

(完整版)(整理)环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)

Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。

这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。

环境工程专业英语翻译

风干系统windro‎w system‎s分散相dif‎fu sion‎a l phase分贝计dec‎ib el meter分贝量度de‎c ib el scale非哺乳动物n‎o n-mammal‎i an露点the dew point冷却系统co‎ld system‎冷凝器con‎d enser‎决定因素de‎t ermin‎i ng factor‎s径流runo‎ff气载疾病ai‎r b orne‎d iseas‎e s气溶胶喷雾air aeroso‎l spraye‎r逆温ther‎mal invers‎i on内部调节机制‎i ntern‎a l regula‎tory mechan‎i sms市政污水处理‎厂munic‎ip al sewage‎ treatm‎ent plant 食物链foo‎d Chain声强soun‎d intens‎i ty声能soun‎d power声级soun‎d level声波soun‎d wave生活污水do‎mestic‎ sewage‎神经系统ne‎r vous system‎s热血动物wa‎r m-bloode‎d animal‎s热污染the‎r mal pollut‎i on热能回收energy‎r ecove‎r y or heat recove‎r y热能ther‎mal energy‎热力学第二定‎律 the second‎law of thermo‎d ynami‎c s 热冲击the‎r mal shocks‎消声器muf‎f ler需氧aero‎b ic听力丧失he‎a ring loss听得见的au‎d ible水载Wate‎r b orne‎响度loudne‎ss吸声介质acoust‎ical media吸声材料ac‎o u stic‎a l materi‎a ls土壤调节剂s‎o il condit‎i onor易腐烂的pu‎trefac‎tive易腐烂的pu‎tresci‎b l e传质梯度ma‎s s transf‎e r gradie‎n t膜membr‎a n e or film反渗透rev‎erse osmosi‎s活性炭act‎i vated‎carbon‎界面面积in‎t erfac‎i al area表面积surfac‎e area沉淀sedi‎m entat‎i on混凝coagul‎a tion絮凝floc‎c u lati‎o n高级处理advanc‎ed treatm‎ent一级处理primar‎y treatm‎ent二级处理second‎a ry treatm‎ent卫生污水sa‎n itary‎ sewage‎净化purifi‎c a tion‎or decont‎a minat‎ion工艺性能pr‎o c ess perfor‎ma nceVSS volati‎l e suapen‎d ed solids‎SS suspen‎d ed solids‎TOC total organi‎c carbon‎溶解的dis‎s olved‎or solubl‎e沉降柱set‎tling column‎s多管高效旋风‎除尘器mul‎titube‎h igh effici‎e ncy cyclon‎e 多氯联苯po‎l ychlo‎r obiph‎enyl多氯联笨并呋‎喃p olyc‎h lorod‎i b enzo‎furans‎杂质fore‎i gn matter‎工业规模fu‎l l-scale生物降解bi‎o d egra‎d ation‎生物过滤bi‎o filtr‎a tion光化学烟雾p‎h otoch‎emical‎ smog土壤床soi‎l bed生物降解能力‎b i od eg‎r adati‎o n capaci‎ty易生物降解的‎e a sily‎b iodeg‎r adabl‎e尾气offg‎a s污泥sludge‎污水sewa‎g e一百万千瓦o‎n e-millio‎n-kilowa‎tt滴滤池trickl‎i ng filter‎弹性波ela‎stic wave弹性介质elasti‎c media音调pitch永久性失聪p‎ermane‎n t hearin‎g loss监管计划re‎g ulato‎r y mechan‎i smsVOC volati‎l e organi‎c compou‎n dAPC air pollut‎i on contro‎lBOD bioche‎m ical oxygen‎demand‎COD chemic‎a l oxygen‎demand‎爱河love‎canal澄清池cla‎r ifier‎s桶谷Vall‎e y of the Drums焚化inci‎n erati‎o n垃圾refu‎se危险废物ha‎z ardou‎s wastes‎保留时间re‎t entio‎n time充满be Laden with停留时间de‎t entio‎n time or reside‎n ce time净化池cla‎r ifier‎ tank均质池equ‎a lizat‎i on basin沉降池sed‎i menta‎tion pond or sedime‎n tatio‎n tanks固体废物so‎l id wastes‎水生生物aq‎u atic life氧化剂oxi‎d izing‎agents‎ or oxidiz‎er水载疾病wa‎terbor‎n e d iseas‎e s格栅screen‎i ng格栅池bar‎rack隔离segreg‎a tion or screen‎i ng胶体coll‎o id普通沉淀法p‎l ain sedime‎n tatio‎n高浊水hig‎h ly turbid‎w ater中浊水mod‎eratel‎y turbid‎w ater弄脏foul‎e d with单元操作un‎i t operat‎i on氯消毒chl‎o rinat‎i on预处理pre‎treatm‎ent财政支持financ‎i al suppor‎t沉砂室gri‎t chambe‎r补充燃料su‎p p leme‎n tary fuels曝气沉砂池a‎erated‎grit chambe‎r一沉池pri‎m ary settli‎n g tank溢流负荷ov‎erflow‎loadin‎g ratesThe newer munici‎p a l incine‎r ators‎ are usuall‎y the contin‎u ously‎b urnin‎g type ，and many have “waterw‎a ll”constr‎u ction‎in the combus‎tion chambe‎r in place of the older ，more common‎refrac‎tory lining‎。

环境科学专业英语翻译

U11、1．What is Envoronmental Science?环境科学是研究和评价环境影响的一门学科。

环境科学家们首先试图去认识人类在自然环境中各种活动的样态、影响和变化。

环境科学家们他们知道正在发生着什么，然后去寻找这种原因或多种原因。

他们通常也能够去探求这些答案。

2、Solutions to Environmental Problems鉴于环境科学对理解人类对自然环境影响的重要性，社会通常依靠环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术来解决环境问题。

环境政策和教育这两者与改变人们的习惯和行为相关。

环境政策甚至更能直接调整生活习惯。

空气净化法案，例如，制定某些因工业设备允许排放的某些种类气体的排放标准（允许水平）。

至于环境教育，它试图以更细微的方式改变人们的习惯。

比如说，教育大多数的消费者关于汽车引起的空气污染，可能会使一些人改变他们的行为，采用污染更少的交通方式，如步行、自行车或公交交通等。

最后，环境技术通过使用代替的工具、或减少环境影响的程序来用于解决环境问题。

例如，像大家都知道的触媒转化器，安装于排气系统，用于中和汽油燃烧室发动机排出的废气。

为解决特定的环境问题，社会通常借助于环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术三种形式或其组合来实现。

3、The Enviroment as a System为较好地认识自然环境，人们对环境的影响以及人们通过改变行为和使用技术来减少对于环境影响的方式，我们最好从“系统”的角度来思考自然或自然环境。

一个系统可以看做各要素相互作用、相互关联或相互依赖的组群，也可看成是各种要素的一个集合体。

把自然环境作为一个系统来考虑，它是由四部分构成，每部分都有自己的形式、体系安排、特征和动力学。

这五种亚系统包括：大气圈---覆盖在地球周围的气体或气体地球；岩石圈---由岩石和矿物构成的固体地球；水圈------地球的水或地球液体；生物圈---地球的生命，包括植物、动物、昆虫和除人类之外的所有有生命的东西。

自然地理与资源环境英语

自然地理与资源环境英语自然地理与资源环境的英语翻译是"Natural Geography and Resource Environment"。

造句如下：1. She majored in Natural Geography and Resource Environment in university.她在大学主修自然地理与资源环境专业。

2. Many universities now offer bachelor's degrees in Natural Geography and Resource Environment.现在许多大学开设自然地理与资源环境本科专业。

3. The research project focuses on the impact of climate change on natural geography and resource environment.这个研究项目侧重于气候变化对自然地理和资源环境的影响。

4. Natural Geography and Resource Environment is an interdisciplinary field that combines geography, geology, biology and environmental sciences.自然地理与资源环境是一门跨学科的领域，结合了地理学、地质学、生物学和环境科学等多个学科。

5. The Natural Geography and Resource Environment program emphasizes hands-on experience and fieldwork.自然地理与资源环境专业强调实践经验和户外实习。

6. The government invested heavily in protecting natural geography and resource environment in the region.政府大力投资保护该地区的自然地理和资源环境。

环境工程专业英语Unit19的翻译

Text:Everybody’s Problem—Hazardous Waste每个人的问题——危险废物Every year ,billions of tons of solid wastes are discarded in the United Stastes. 美国每年丢去10亿吨的固体废物。

These wastes range in nature from common household trash to complex materials in industrial wastes ,sewage sludge ,agricultural resideus ,mining refuse and pathological wastes from institutions such as hospital and laboratories.这些废物的变化范围在平常家庭产生的垃圾到工业废物的复合材料、污水、农业废渣、矿渣和像医院、实验室这种大型机构产生的病理废物。

The U.S Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) estimated in 1980 that at least 57 million metric tons of the nation‟s total waste load can be classified as hazardous. 1980年EPA估计一个国家负载的全部废物的至少5700 0000公吨会被列为危险废物。

Unfortunately,many dangerous materials that society has “throw away” over recent decades have endured in theenvironment-making household words of “Love Canal”and”Valley of the Drums.”不幸的是在最近几十年中社会持续扔掉了许多危险物，从而产生了“爱河”和“桶谷”的家用词。

建筑环境和设备工程专业英语翻译

A thermodynamic system is a region in space or a quantity of matter bounded by a closed surface. The surroundings include everything external to the system, and the system is separated from the surroundings by the system boundaries. These boundaries can be movable or fixed, real or imaginary.一个热力学系统是一个在空间或有事项的数量由一个封闭的表面范围内的区域。

周围环境包括一切外部系统，系统是从周围环境隔开的系统边界。

这些边界可以是动产或固定的，真实的或想象。

The concepts that operate in any thermodynamic system are entropy and energy. Entropy measures the molecular disorder of a system. The more mixed a system, the greater its entropy; conversely, an orderly or unmixed configuration is one of low entropy. Energy has the capacity for producing an effect and can be categorized into either stored or transient forms as described in the following sections.熵和能量的概念，在任何热力学系统操作。

熵措施分子系统紊乱。

更为复杂的系统，其熵值越大，反之，有序或纯配置是低熵之一。

环保知识英文翻译

环保知识英文翻译环保概述Environmental Protection可再生能源Renewable Energy节能减排Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction碳排放Carbon Emissions污染控制Pollution Control可持续发展Sustainable Development垃圾分类Garbage Classification自然资源保护Natural Resource Conservation生态平衡Ecological Balance生物多样性Biodiversity绿色生态Green Ecology海洋保护Marine Conservation空气质量监测Air Quality Monitoring地球变暖Global Warming地球资源Earth Resources碳中和Carbon Neutrality环境政策Environmental Policies环保组织Environmental Organizations再生资源利用Recycling and Reuse of Resources 生态修复Ecological Restoration绿色能源Green Energy可降解塑料Biodegradable Plastics气候变化适应Climate Change Adaptation环保倡导Environmental Advocacy土壤污染Soil Contamination水资源管理Water Resource Management排放标准Emission Standards绿色城市Green Cities可持续消费Sustainable Consumption环境教育Environmental Education环境影响评价Environmental Impact Assessment 公众参与Public Participation可再生材料Renewable Materials环保行动Environmental Actions绿色经济Green Economy生态系统Ecosystem气候变化公约Climate Change Convention绿色技术Green Technology水质改善Water Quality Improvement植树造林Afforestation可持续建筑Sustainable Architecture社会责任Social Responsibility碳交易Carbon Trading以上为环保知识的一些英文翻译内容，希望能够帮助您更深入地了解环保领域的相关知识。

环境工程18-28单元专业英语翻译

重点复习①书本18单元P124,125两页（加粗部分那些段落，考定义，复习资料1-2页）；②书本21单元P144~145固废处理方法、垃圾焚化，填埋技术特别是P145第二、三段，复习资料**页；③书本23单元 P156,第三段，噪声控制室负责尖端的技术，复习资料**页。

④书本26单元P169第二部分Operational Procedures，环境影响评价的步骤，考其中的1、2、3、4等小点。

Unit 18Sources and Types of Solid Wastes固体废物的来源和种类Knowledge of the sources and types of solid wastes, along with data on the composition and rates of generation, is basic to the design and operation of the functional elements associated with the management of solid wastes. 了解固体废物的来源和种类，以及其数量组成和产生率，是设计和管理相关固体废物的基本运作条件。

Sources of solid wastes固体废物的来源Sources of solid wastes are, in general, related to land use and zoning. 固体废物的来源，一般来说，与土地使用和划分有关。

Although any number of source classifications can be developed, the following categories have been found useful虽然许多废物的来源分类可以发展，以下是已被发现有用的分类方法 (1)residential , 住宅(2)commercial, 商业(3)municipal, 市政(4) industrial, 工业(5)open areas, 开放地区(6)treatment plants, 处理厂and (7)agricultural. 和农业。

环境工程专业英语翻译Unit 10-16 (A4)

Unit 10 水污染与治理1854年英国伦敦爆发了大规模的流行性霍乱。

此事明确地证实了污水和疾病之间的关系。

当初以公共健康为目的所采取的污染控制，依然是许多地区的主要目的。

然而，水资源的保持，产鱼区的防护，以及娱乐活动用水的维持在今天也成为关注的焦点。

紧随第二次世界大战之后所产生的城市人口密度突增和工业化进程的加剧，都使得水污染问题越见明显。

致使对于水污染的关注程度在70年代中期达到了顶峰。

水污染是一个不准确的术语，它并未指出污染物的种类和来源。

而我们处理废水问题的方式往往取决于以下几个方面：污染物是否需要氧气，是否助长藻类，是否有传染性，是否有毒，或者仅仅是否好看。

水源的污染可能直接来自生活污水的排放或工厂污水排放（点源），也可能间接地由空气污染、农业排水或城市排水（非点源）所引发。

化学上所谓的纯水仅仅是水分子的集合。

无论在野外的河流或湖泊、云层或雨水中，还是在下雪期间，极地的冰帽地区，这种物质在自然界均不能找到。

然而在实验室中可以制备非常纯净的水，但是存在一定的困难。

因为水极易接受和容纳外来物质。

城市污水，也被称作生活污水，是一种复杂的混合物。

它包含水（通常超过99％）以及悬浮或溶解的有机和无机污染物。

这些污染物的浓度通常很低并且以mg/L来表示，也就是说，每升混合物含有多少毫克污染物。

重量与体积比也常用来表示在水、废水、工业废水和其它稀释溶液中的污染物浓度。

微生物任何地方只要存在适合的食物，充足的湿度和适当的温度，微生物即可大量繁殖。

而生活污水为各种各样的微生物提供了一个理想的环境。

这些微生物主要是细菌，某些病毒和原生动物。

废水中的大多数微生物是无害的，并且可借助生化过程，将有机物转化为稳定的最终产物。

但是当一些人患有可通过有毒废水传播的传染性疾病时，其排泄物所携带的致病病原体，极有可能成为污水的组成部分。

虽然在发达国家，类似于水传播的细菌性疾病，例如霍乱、伤寒和肺结核，病毒性疾病例如传染性的肝炎和原生虫引起的痢疾，已经不再是问题，但是在那些经过适当处理过的污水不能被公共利用的地区仍然存在着很大威胁。

环境专业英语翻译

cropland residue
n.农田，植作物之农地 n.残余，滤渣，剩余物
In croplands and forests，such protection is due mainly to the cover of plants and their residues. 在农田和森林中，土壤保护主要是以植物覆盖和他们的残留来实现的。
soil that add up to serious soil erosion problems. 建筑物、道路和其他工程项目的限建场地裸露
的分散在各个区域，加重了土壤侵蚀的问题。
phase
v.按计划进行，使配合
Control of sediment from constrain sites requires carefully phase land clearing, along with vegetative and artificial soil covers, and installation of various barriers and sediment-holding ponds.
还有一些控制污染来源的措施比如减少使用杀虫剂和肥料控制工业废水和污水的排放等措mainmethodspollutedsoilphysicalmeasureecologicalmeasurechemicalmeasureinstancedeeptillageorganismabsorptionusinginhibitororganicfertilizers改善受污染土壤质量的主要方法是物理措施生态措施和化学措施例如深耕作生物吸收使用抑制剂和有机肥料等
terrace
n.梯田，梯田的一层
Engineering measures are using terraces,or some other buildings to sustain soil;ecological measures mainly use plants to sustain soil and improve soil quality. 工程方法是使用梯田或其它建筑物来保持土壤; 生态方法主要是运用植物来保持土壤和改善土壤质量。

环境专业英语第四版课文翻译

环境专业英语第四版课文翻译
What is air pollution.Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more in high enough concentration to harm humans,other animals,vegetation or materials.
什么是空气污染。

空气污染通常是指那种包含一种或多种化学物质富集到高浓度并足以伤害人类、其他动物、植物或材料的空气。

There are two major types of air pollution.
主要有两种类型的空气污染。

A primary air pollution is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration.
初级空气污染是指有害的浓度直接进入到空气中的化学物质。

It can be a natural air component,such as carbon dioxide,that above its normal concentration,or something not usually found in the air,such as a lead compound emitted by cars burning leaded gasoline.
这种化学物质可以是一个自然的空气成分，如超过了正常浓度的二氧化碳，或通常不会在空气中发现的，如汽车燃烧含铅汽油所排放出来的主要尾气。

环境科学与工程专业英语

环境科学与工程专业英语U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?1.句子英译中(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on shelf too long become wasted.因搁置太久而失去使用价值的原料变成废品。

(2）Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不洁部分或废酸洗液的时间不足会导致反应物利用率不高，增加废物处理费用和替代物质费用。

（3）Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadminum bath.洛克希德成功地把碱性氰化物镉水浴转变成为了酸性非氰化物镉水浴。

（4）Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要走老路。

结识合作伙伴，分享理念。

2.词组英译中Waste reduction/waste minimization 垃圾减量化/垃圾最小化；in-process 在…过程中；housekeeping家务管理；equipment modification设备改进；landfills废物填埋场；biodegradable solvents能进行生物降解的溶剂；volatile chemicals稳定的化学物质；management commitment管理委员会。

环境专业英语翻译(中英对照)

Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes: 这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。

这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollutionproblems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of thecomplex interactions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of currenttechnology，but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。

环境工程专业英语翻译范围

1.From the very early industrial period in the United States, which started about 1920, until several years after the Second World War, there was little concern for the proper methods of disposal of waste materials that were generated as by-products during manufacturing processes. Up until the 1960`s it was quite common to find fresh water rivers and streams fouled with waste chemicals from manufacturing, salt water from oil production wells and wastes acids from steel mill activities. Virtually every conceivable waste oil, solvent, or resin waste could be found in the rivers.2. In order for an industry to implement waste minimization/ waste reduction, certain elements need to be in place. First there should be ownership or management commitment. This should be a written policy indicating support of waste minimization. Management must be recognized as desirous of this program before employees will adopt it with any enthusiasm. The commitment has to be real, to affect production decisions, and to be a part of job performance evaluations.3. The overall objective of environmental analysis is to obtain information about both natural and pollutant species present in the environment so as to make a realistic assessment of their probable behavior. In the case of pollutants, this involves assessment of their actual or potential environmental impact, which may be manifest in several ways. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also cause contamination of resources so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes.4. Solid: Total solids in wastewater are, by definition, the residues after the liquid portion has been evaporated and the remainder dried to a constant weight at 103ºC. Differentiation between dissolved solids and undissolved, that is , suspended, solid are accomplished by evaporating, filtered and unfiltered wastewater samples. The difference in weight between the two dried samples indicates the suspended solids content. To further categorize the residues, they are held at 550ºC for 15 minutes. The ash remaining is considered to represent inorganic solids and the loss of volatile matter to be a measure of the organic content.5. Water flows more slowly in lakes than in rivers, and therefore the residence time of water is much longer in a lake. In the summer, the upper watersm called the epilimnion(the surface lake) are warmed by the sun. These warmer waters, being lighter than the colder ones lower lake waters (the hypolimnion) are cold and relatively airless. Between the two lies a transition layer, the thermocline, in which both temperature and oxygen content fall off they become as dense as the lower layers, the entire lake water circulates as a unit and become oxygenated. This enrichment is, in fact, enhanced by the greater solubility of oxygen in colder waters. Furthermore, the reduced metabolic rates of all organisms at lower temperatures result in a lesser demand for oxygen. Then, the waters below support the aquatic life through the winter.6. For many years people were relatively unconterned about pollution of the oceans because the great mass of the sea can dilute a huge volume of foreign matter to the point where it has little effect. In recent years this attitude has changed for several reasons. For one, pollutants are often added in such relatively high concentration in local areas that environmental disruption does occur. In addition, the quantity of pollutants dumped into the ocean has grown so large that some scientists fear that global effects may be significant.7. As mentioned earlier in the discussion of biological treatment, it is advantageous to change little particles into big ones that settle faster. So it is also with inorganic pollutants. V arious inorganic colloidal particles are waterloving and therefore rather adhesive; in their stickiness the sweep together many other colloidal particles that would otherwise fail to settle out in a reasonable time. This process is called flocculation. Lime, alum, and some salts of iron are among these so called flocculating agents.8. The augmentation of the atmosphere’s greenhouse effect from anthropogenically derived CO2 has the potential for significantly warming global climate. By increasing the length of the growing season, the consequences of this warming may in the short term be beneficial. In the long term, however, continued global warming may have deleterious effects on global agriculture. According to a National Research Council report, climatic warming associated with increased atmospheric CO2 levels could be expected to cause significant changes in agricultural zones。

环境科学与工程专业英语翻译

第四单元阅读材料：Reading Material : Analytical Technique and Methodology第八单元：空气污染物的来源和类型第八单元 Reading Material : Type and Sources of Air Pollutants [ II J 阅读材料：空气污染物的类型和来源（Ⅱ）What are PCBs?什么是多氯联苯？There are 209 possible chlorinated biphenyls, ranging in physical characteristics. 大概有209种氯化联苯，其物理性质不同。

The mono-and dichloro biphenyls ( 27323-18-8), ( 25512-42-9) are colorless crystalline compounds that when burned in air give rise to soot and hydrogen chloride. 一氯联苯和二氯联苯（27323-18-8），（25512-42-9）是无色晶体的化合物，当它们在空气中燃烧会产生烟尘和氯化氢。

The most important products aretri-chlorobiphenyls,tetrachlorobiphenyls, pentachlorobiphenyls and/ or hexachlorobiphenyls. 最重要的产品是三-氯化联苯，四氯联苯，五氯联苯和/或六氯联苯。

Chlorinated biphenyls are soluble in many organic solvents and in water only in the ppm range. 多氯联苯可溶于有机溶剂和仅在水的百万分之一ppm （part per million）的范围内溶解。

环境科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译(3、8、10、15、16、19、23)

Unit 3 What is Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization?什么是废物减量化，废物最少化美国花费了大量的时间在讨论像资源减量化，废物最小化，循环和阻止污染这些术语上，EPA已经提供了以下的定义。

资源减量化：减少在于一个过程中的大量废物的任何行为。

它包括，例如，过程调整，原料调整，提高管理和回收在循环。

废物最少化：产生的废物最大程度减少，然后处理，存储，或者处置。

它包括了被导致了只要减量化与现在或将来威胁到人类健康和环境的最小化的目标一致的总容量或废物数量的减少或者废物毒性的减少，或者两方面兼备的发生器承担任何资源减量化或循环的活动。

回收：作为一个商业产品的代替品，或作为一个工业过程的原料的利用或再利用。

它包括了废物的有用的小部分或来自允许再用的去除了污染物的废物的在现场或离开现场的回收利用。

污染的防止：污染可能在生产过程之中产生，或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。

这样可能在三个方式上被阻止：改变投入/减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料；改变过程/增加效率/提高类似设备修改的维修保养，更好的管理，在过程中闭环循环；或者改变产出/减小对有毒或者有害产品的依赖。

随着1984年危险废物和固体废物修正案资源保护和恢复法的通过，美国国会建立一个国家政策来表明回收或消除危险废物的产生重要性。

美国国会宣称它是一项无论在美国哪里都可行的国家政策，要尽可能迅速地回收或消除危险废物的产生。

然而产生的废物还是应被处理、储存或处置，从而尽量减少现在和将来对人类健康和环境的威胁。

在1990年，美国国会通过污染防治法，建立了一个全国废物管理政策。

表明第一污染应该被预防或回收；;第二，废物应该用一种环保安全的方式进行循环利用；第三，废物应该被处理;最后，废物应该被除去或降解到环境。

在美国，随着这些和其他环境法规的通过，废物最少化成为一种重要的工作理念.废物回收/废物最少化技术同时，对于一些特定的工厂，废物最少化的当然是在具体的工厂或在实地，能用的技术能被分为以下主要几类：●product changes产品改变●process changes过程改变●equipment modifications设备改造●operating practices操作训练●recycling and reuse回收和再利用在实践中，尽量减少废物的机会是有限的，只有被工厂人员的聪明才智所利用. 这种技术已经被运用与大数量的工业和工业化生产过程，同时也被应用于有危险性和非危险性的废物。