QY-A全液压随钻震击器使用说明书(中文)

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QY型全液压随钻震击器使用说明

QY型全液压随钻震击器使用说明全液压随钻震击器是一种用于震击井口的设备，主要用于钻探工程中的钻杆解扣和管柱下降时的应急救援。

本文将详细介绍QY型全液压随钻震击器的使用说明。

一、操作前准备：1.检查设备：检查全液压随钻震击器是否完好无损，各零部件是否齐全，并对设备进行必要的润滑。

2.连接管道：将全液压随钻震击器与钻机井口连接的油管进行连接，确保连接牢固可靠，没有漏油。

二、使用操作步骤：1.全液压随钻震击器的操作步骤是根据钻机的工况来确定的，通常分为握杆拉桩和解扣两个阶段。

2.握杆拉桩：将全液压随钻震击器放置在井口，并通过钻杆高压油管连接到钻机主泵的高压油管上，将全液压随钻震击器的拉杆握紧在钻杆上。

3.解扣操作：当钻杆解扣时，需要紧急救援时，可使用全液压随钻震击器进行解扣。

此时，需要调整全液压随钻震击器的工作压力，使其达到最佳解扣效果。

打开全液压随钻震击器的主控制阀，通过控制手柄或按钮，使全液压随钻震击器开始工作。

震击器会根据设定的工作压力进行快速的震击，用于解扣管柱，此时注意安全操作，确保人员和设备安全。

4.解扣后的处理：在解扣完成后，需要关闭全液压随钻震击器的主控制阀，并将拉杆从钻杆上卸下。

将震击器放置在安全地方，并及时对设备进行清洁、维护，以确保下次使用时的良好状态。

三、注意事项：1.操作人员必须经过专业培训，并熟悉全液压随钻震击器的使用说明。

2.在操作过程中，严格按照操作步骤进行操作，确保人员和设备的安全。

3.定期对全液压随钻震击器进行维护和保养。

定期检查设备的润滑油、密封件等零部件的状况，及时更换损坏的零部件。

4.在操作过程中，如出现异常情况，应立即停止操作，并及时排查和处理故障。

5.严禁非专业人员擅自操作全液压随钻震击器。

对于未经过专业培训的人员，禁止进行操作，以免造成人员伤亡和设备损坏。

随钻震击器使用说明书

文字说明1 概述2 结构与工作原理3 使用与操作4 维修5 地面实验附图图一 BZ随钻震击器外形图及主要尺寸图二运行位置示意图图三新装间隔衬套修理尺寸图四调节震击力方向示意图产品总图随钻震击器使用说明书1．概述机械式随钻震击器是全机械式随钻震击、解卡工具。

它集上、下震击作用于一体，可接触钻进作业中遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故。

它在不需要震击时，是钻柱的一部分，需震击时，随时可作业，因而提高了工作效率。

2．结构与工作原理。

结构外形及主要尺寸如图一。

内部结构如本说明书后附产品总图（图中未画出曲屈接头）。

本震击器是同类产品中结构最新式、最简化、操作最方便的。

上击工作原理图一所示为装配调试合格的位置，即准备出发（解锁）状态。

图二为局部放大图。

上图为准备击发位置。

运行轴与运行套的内齿对应啮合，运行套外部齿与摩擦衬套内部齿是齿顶对齿顶的摩擦状态。

当钻柱上提，通过上接头1，上控制套3，中部套筒28，下控制套37，下调节套29，压缩弹簧管25，26，27使运行套21相对摩擦衬套下移。

当运行套的外齿齿顶与摩擦衬套的齿间相对应时，运行衬套在运行轴的作用下涨开，运行轴的齿从运行套内齿滑出，如图二中图。

此时钻柱储备的能量释放，向上震击。

下放钻柱，整个工具又恢复图二上部的状态，即准备击发状态。

重复上述操作，就可使钻具解卡。

下击工作原理在运行套的上部，还有一组三件与26，27，28完全相同的弹簧管。

当下压钻柱时，通过上接头1，上控制套3，上调节套18，压缩上面一组弹簧管。

运行套相对于摩擦衬套上行，钻柱储能。

当达到预定的吨位，运行套的齿顶与摩擦衬套的顶间相对应，运行衬套涨开，运行轴齿从运行套内的齿中滑出，产生下击，与上击方向相反如图二下图所示。

3．使用与操作下井前的准备震击器下井前应该经台架试验合格，见本说明书第5节。

下井前震击器处于准备击发位置。

钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱系列中平衡点以上的张力部分，并承受最少5吨的张力。

BZ型震击器最好是在张力状态下工作，但也可在压力状态下工作，可把震击器接入张力压力平衡点以下，承受5吨的压力。

QY-A全液压随钻震击器使用说明书(中文)

QY-A 型随钻震击器充分考虑了高温、高压和高扭矩等一系列严重影响钻井的问题，采取了一系列针对性的设计，将机械原理和液压原理充分优化组合，具有操作简单、震击力大、调节方便、连接强度高、性能稳定、安全可靠、便于维修等诸多优点。该产品在钻进、起下钻、接单根或触井底时不会发生误震，其液压延迟作用允许操作者动态调整上、下击力的大小，全密封油浴润滑则有利于减少磨损和提高使用寿命。另外，它在钻柱组合中的位置比较自由，可以置于受拉、中性点、受压等各种位置，使其可满足陆地和海洋（包括欠平衡钻井）在内的各种工况下钻井作业的需要。 2. 型号说明
QY-A 型随钻震器使用说明书
北京石油机械厂
本产品的设计、制造和服务执行如下标准： SY/T 5496-2000 《震击器及加速器》 ISO 9001:2000 质量保证体系依据：GB/T 19001-2000 idt ISO 9001:2000 证书注册号：00603Q10513R3M
地址：北京市海淀区志新路 41 号邮编： 100083 电话： 010-83597657（销售）
由于钻井技术的进步，顾客不断有新的使用要求。我们愿意和您一起，持续改进我们的产品，满足您的使用要求。您的满意是我们的追求，我们欣赏您本人和您代表的企业，也欢迎您随时提出宝贵的意见和建议。
目录
1. 概述............................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. 型号说明........................................................................................................................................................ 1 3. 结构及工作原理............................................................................................................................................. 1 4. 使用方法........................................................................................................................................................ 3

强震仪用户手册

第1章开始1.1 前言本用户手册包含关于GDQJ-II数字记录器的命令和信息。

第1章和第2章描述如何安装记录器和外部设备。

第3章描述仪器的配置和操作。

第4章叙述记录器的维护和服务。

第5章提供技术系统概述和总体操作的摘要描述。

第6章讨论高级安装程序。

阅读本手册时最好安装和运行GDQJ 4.0版监控软件。

1.2 介绍GDQJ-II是一台三通道数字记录器。

当配置一台三分量力平衡加速度计（传感器）时组成一套数字强震仪。

可选GPS时间系统和MODEM远程拨号系统。

GDQJ-II数字记录器包含三通道24bit模-数转换器。

采样率为50sps，100sps，200sps和400sps。

在采样率为200sps时提供大约120dB 动态范围。

降低采样率可以提高动态范围。

记录器具有8Mb（4M字）事件存储能力。

一般的讲，其工作原理是：传感器捡拾地面运动加速度信号，记录器连续地监视这些信号，看其是否满足地震事件检测临界（触发条件）。

当信号满足触发条件时，记录器在事件存储器上记录一个事件文件。

事件文件数据可以经过MODEM和公用电话网远程收取，也可以在现场通过直接电缆收取。

记录器也可以实时传送一个连续的数字数据流。

为了收取和处理数据，需要一个IBM兼容的PC机，运行Windows98，Windows 2000或Windows NT 4.0操作系统。

记录器安装在一个防水机箱内。

内部包括：·记录器电路板（三块）。

·浮充电蓄电池（12V，12Ah）。

·GPS时间系统OEM电路板。

仪器前面板有：·三分量力平衡加速度计（传感器）连接器。

·辅助口连接器，可提供高级特性。

·RS-232连接器，可接直接电缆或MODEM电缆。

·电源开关。

·外触发按钮开关。

·GPS使用开关。

·秒脉冲指示灯。

·记录指示灯。

仪器侧面前右卡簧下有GPS天线连接器。

使用液压随钻震击器

使用液压随钻震击器
序号 1 2 3 准备工作考核项目考核内容及要求挡好天车大绳，大钩、吊环要拴保险绳；检查井架，大绳及刹车机构应安全可靠校正好指重表配分 2 2 2 未检查扣2分未检查扣2分未检查扣2分位置不对未使震击器在受拉状态下工作扣5分未用提升短节将震击器吊上钻台扣2分未按要求操作一项扣1分不符合要求扣5分将任何夹持吊装工具卡在上轴拉开部位扣5分未按要求操作一项扣1分评分标准
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5 6 7 8 9
钻具组合
震击器一般接装在钻具的中和点偏上位置，使震击器在受拉状态下工作
将准备好的震击器用提升短节吊上钻台，严防撞击。
5
2 3 5 5 3
在连接螺纹处涂好密封脂，按规定扭矩将震击器拧紧在钻柱上，提起钻柱、取下上轴卡箍（保管好）。
起、下钻作业震击器在井内起、下钻过程中，始终处于拉开状态。若起、下钻过程中，决不允许将任何夹持吊装工具卡在上轴拉开部位（即上轴镀铬面的外露部分），以防损坏上轴。起钻时，上轴呈拉开状态，必须在上轴镀铬面处装好卡箍，方可编入立柱放在钻杆盒内。
上击解卡
13
上提钻柱时用中等程度的震击力，以后逐渐增加。上击时，指重表显示的吨位应下降。如果上提震击器不震击，可能是震击器没有完全回位，可重新下放钻柱，此次应比上一次下放的吨位大一些。若再不震击，应分析原因或将震击器起出维修。按上述步骤，可反复进行上击。下放钻柱对震击器施加约98KN的压力，关闭震击器。上提钻柱，使震击器被拉开一定行程，在方钻杆上作一刻度来测量拉开行程。
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11 12
操作前必须正确计算震击器作业时指重表的读数（上提吨位）。
震击器作业时指重表的读数（上提吨位）＝震击器上部的钻具重量＋所需的震击吨位＋钻具与井壁的摩擦阻力（估算），所需的震击吨位不允许超过最大震击吨位。下放钻柱对震击器施加约为98KN的压力，关闭震击器。

震击器、减震器简介

1. 概述在钻井作业中，由于地质构造复杂、技术措施不当以及泥浆、管柱、井眼等各种原因，常常发生钻具被卡（也就是卡钻）的事故。

卡钻对钻井作业影响很大，如果处理不当，不仅消耗时间长，损失钻井进尺，而且可能使事故恶化，甚至造成油气井报废。

震击器是解除卡钻事故的有效工具之一。

当钻具遇卡时，可以通过震击器给卡点处向上或向下以强烈的震击力，使卡点松动，从而达到迅速解卡的目的。

由于震击器大大提高了卡钻事故处理效率，因而在钻井和修井作业中震击器得到了广泛应用。

震击器分类与技术条件一、震击器分类：1．按震击器作用效果分类：（1）上击类。

对被卡钻具施以向上的震击力；（2）下击类。

对被卡钻具施以向下的震击力；（3）上、下震击器结合类。

对被卡钻具施以向上或向下的震击力2．按震击器作用原理分类：（1）机械式；（2）液压式（3）液压－机械式。

二、型号表示与技术规格1．型号表示法根据国外生产震击器、减震器产品的厂家很多，生产的两器产品规格品种比较齐全，技术水平也很高。

国外之所以生产厂商多、规格品种多、技术发展快，与他们对钻井安全的高度重视密切相关。

外径尺寸，mm 名称代号，液压上击器国内两器产品的技术性能和质量状况一直在低水平徘徊，难以满足钻井作业对质量好、可靠性高的井下工具产品的需求。

我国每年因为作业事故导致直接经济损失数亿圆，其中很大一部分可以减轻甚至避免。

在钻井速度和钻井效益越来越受到关注的今天，正确地认识两器产品对于钻井作业的重要意义，设计和制造高水平的两器产品，正确地选择和使用震击器和减震器，发挥它们应有的效能，将为钻井工业带来巨大的经济效益。

我国自70年代起开始引进和开发震击器和减震器产品，产品的设计、制造和使用不断有所发展。

但与钻井技术的发展相比，在技术水平、产品质量和维修服务上，长期以来一直存在着很大的差距。

2.震击器产品的品种和型号2.1.震击器产品的品种震击器产品一般按用途分为随钻震击器和打捞震击器，按工作原理分为机械式震击器和液压式震击器。

液压式随钻震击器设计

液压式随钻震击器设计班级：姓名：学号：摘要：在油气开采过程中，当钻具发生卡钻时，采用随钻震击器进行解卡是最为有效和经济的方法。

随钻震击器工作可靠性是保证钻具能否进行有效解卡的前提，得到了广泛的应用。

液压式随钻震击器具有钻井中易于调整释放力、密封结构好、性能稳定等优点，解决了目前国内机械式随钻震击器入井后的不可调控的问题，拥有了第一时间处理卡钻事故的能力，实现了石油钻井工程的连续性和便捷性，大幅降低了国内石油钻井的成本。

本次设计是对液压式随钻震击器的总体结构的设计，包括总体方案设计、心轴总成设计、外筒总成设计等。

以液压式随钻震击器为研究对象，对其结构形式、上下击的工作原理进行分析，确定各工况下力和扭矩的传递路线和各部件的受载情况。

设计出一款121型的液压式随钻震击器，对其设计方法进行研究，以材料力学的方法对各零件进行强度校核和扭转校核。

关键字：液压式，随钻震击器，结构设计。

ABSTRACT: In the process of oil and gas exploitation, when the drill sticking occurs, it is the most effective and economical method to use the while-drilling jar to release the sticking. The working reliability of the MWD jar is the premise to ensure that the drilling tool can be effectively unscrewed, and it has been widely used. Hydraulic MWD jar has the advantages of easy adjustment of release force, good sealing structure and stable performance in drilling. It solves the unregulable problem of domestic mechanical MWD jar after it enters the well, has the ability to deal with Sticking Accident in the first time, realizes the continuity and convenience of oil drilling engineering, and greatly reduces the cost of domestic oil drilling.This design is the overall structure design of hydraulic while drilling jar, including the overall scheme design, mandrel assembly design, outer cylinder assembly design and so on. Taking the hydraulic while drilling jar as the research object, the structure and working principle of the jar are analyzed, and the transmission routes of force and torque and the loading conditions of each component under different working conditions are determined. A 121 hydraulic while drilling jar is designed, and its design method is studied. The strength and torsion of each part are checked by material mechanics method.Key words: hydraulic, while drilling jar, structural design.1 绪论 (1)1.1研究的目的和意义 (1)1.2国内外研究的现状 (2)1.2.1震击器分类与特点 (2)1.2.2国内外研究现状 (3)2 液压式随钻震击器设计 (12)2.1液压式随钻震击器的总体结构 (12)2.2液压式随钻震击器的工作原理 (14)2.3液压式随钻震击器的结构设计 (16)2.3.1总体方案设计 (16)2.3.1.1 材料的选取 (16)2.3.1.2 壁厚设计 (17)2.3.1.3延时机构设计 (20)2.3.1.4 总行程设计 (24)2.3.2心轴总成设计 (25)2.3.2.1花键心轴设计 (26)2.3.2.2中间心轴设计 (29)2.3.2.2下心轴设计 (31)2.3.3外筒总成设计 (32)2.3.3.1上阀外筒设计 (33)2.3.3.2花键外筒设计 (35)2.4本章小结 (37)1.1研究的目的和意义小井眼侧钻技术是采油过程中一个重要的组成部分,是对低渗透油、裂缝油藏、边际油成层和死油中的剩余油开采的十分有效的方法。

QY-A全液压随钻震击器使用说明书(英文)

QY-A DRILLING JAR OPERATION MANUALBEIJING PETROLEUM MACHINERY CO.SEP 2010ForewordThis new kind of drilling jar, including its structure, principle and application is introduced in this manual. After the drilling jar being used and repaired by customers, its reliability and performance may have some changes. These changes depend on the application conditions and maintenance level.Because of the continuous improvements on the products, some details in the manual may not be same as in actual operation. These differences don’t affect the understanding of the product's structure, the performance and the application by customers. If having any questions, please contact us.The service-life of the drilling jar and operation effects are related with not only designing and manufacturing but also properly operating of customers.We would like to supply customers with high quality products in compliance with specification of the quality assurance system of ISO9001, and also hope that the operators can carefully read the manual to insure the performance of products and successfully achieve the expectant drilling operations.The drilling jar and the information in this manual may not be suitable in some special applications. The operator should make right judgment on the selection and the application of the drilling jars.As the continuous improvements on the drilling technology, the customers will have new requirements on the application. We will be very happy to continuously improve our products to meet your special requirements.Welcome to contact us by the following methods!BPM Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co.Address: No. 41 Zhixin Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China86-10-62098867Fax: 86-10-62311837,Phone: 86-10-83597657（Sale）86-10-83597659（Technical）Homepage: E-mail: bpm.tech@Content (1)1. Description2. Model Illustration (1)3. Principle (1)4. Application Notice (3)in the BHA (3)4.2 Position4.3 Frictionthe drill string (4)of (4)4.4 Pump-openForce4.5 Jarring up (5)4.6 Jarring down (5)4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release force (5) (6)5. Maintenance5.1 Preparation (6)5.2 Disassembling Procedure (7)Procedure (8)5.3 Assembling5.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiter (9)6. Test & Oil Filling (10)Filling (10)6.1 Oil6.2 Release force test (10)6.3 Sealing Test (11)7. Trouble & Solutions (11)8. Damageable Components (12)9. Notices for Ordering (12)1. DescriptionQY-A hydraulic drilling jar is a new kind of drilling jar which is suitable for a wide range of drilling operations. This drilling jar overcomes the defects of pure mechanical drilling jar or pure hydraulic drilling jar and combines with merits of them. Mechanical lock and hydraulic delay works together in the process of jarring up and jarring down.The QY-A drilling jar has following features:1) It can avoid unexpected strike effectively.2) No need any safety clamps or other special actions on the drilling or tripping.3) Free position in the BHA (in tension, neutral or compression).4) Mechanical lock unit is not affected by the torque.5) The release force of jarring up or down can be adjusted on the drilling platform. Its operation isvery simple, exact and stable.6) Hydraulic delay allows the driller to adjust the jarring up or down force.7) Enclosed oil chambers increase seals and components life.8) Suitable to work in high temperature situation.9) It is an ideal tool for controlled directional well and horizontal well.2. Model Illustration3. PrincipleThe structure of QY-A drilling jar is shown in Figure 1, which be made up of housings, mandrels, valve unit, spring unit and lock unit and so on.QY-A is a new kind of drilling jar which combines the mechanical with hydraulic structures. The hook lifts the drill strings to make the mandrel move up, the spring unit takes place elastic deformation at the pull or push. The more energy from the hook, the spring unit does the greater deformation. When the deformation reaches high-point, the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar isCode (Drilling jar with adjustable release force)pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these series actions. The trip mandrel moves to the limit position quickly along its fixed path. After striking, set down the drill strings to make the jar reset for drilling or striking.Figure 1 the Structure of QY-A Drilling Jar Friction SleeveSpline MandrelStabilizerSpline Housing Upper Valve Housing Hydraulic Cylinder Lower Valve HousinSealBack NutSafe RingUpperValveMandrelValve UnitLower Valve MandrelUpper control HousingMiddle Control HousinConnect UnitLower HousingBottomTripLimiterLock ScrewUpper Adjusting SleeveSpring UnitPistonOil PlugLower Adjusting SleeveExtendedTrip SleeveLocated SleeveAdjusting SleeveWhen jarring down is needed, push the drilling jar until the pressure exceeds the release force. The lock unit opens soon and the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar is pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these seriesactions. The trip mandrel moves to limit position quickly along its fixed path producing huge jarring down force. The lock unit locked again when the drilling string is pulled, then the drilling or striking can be continued.The release force on the drill strings can be adjusted by the adjusting sleeve and the connect unit. In the adjustment process, first disassemble the cover screw, and then turn the adjusting sleeve by the spanner or the screwdriver alongside the thread to make an axial displacement and thus adjust the release force.4. Application Notice4.1 Prepare before down-hole operationThe drilling jar in the down-hole operation must be new or repaired after being used. The continuous working period of a new drilling jar for a single trip may not exceed more than 500 hours, not more than 300 hours for a repaired one. In high temperature or under the condition of acrid medium in the well fluid, it is not suitable to work for a long time. To avoid failure, the drilling jar should be repaired after being used in down hole, or else it is forbidden to use again.4.2 Position in the BHAJarring up or down of the hydraulic drilling jar is a whole section, and this can be subjected to a slightly pull force or push. In order to avoid free vibration of drill string affecting the jar’s life, it is important to avoid putting the jar on a neutral point of drill string. An ideal position is below the neutral point of the drill string, and this can make the pressing force on the drill string equal to the pump-open force.The drilling jar must be placed at the right position in the BHA to guarantee its proper effects and avoid some accidents. The jar's proper position is determined to the well conditions. Generally, the lower position, the better effect. In addition, the large pull or push force could result in unexpected strike.(1) Disposal on the lower location of the assembly (be pushed).The drilling jar is located above one drill collar at least where the collar is above the top centralizer.The drill collars located between a centralizer and a drilling jar can make the jar safer. For example, the drilling jar can not be stuck and dislodged by the rock cutting deposit. If a shock absorber locates in the drill strings, the drilling jar should be above it.(2) Disposal on the upper location of the assembly (be pulled).If it is predicated that the drill collars occur drill pipe stuck caused by pressure difference, the jar should be assembled on the position which is high enough in the drilling strings and always above the stuck point. But the disadvantage is that the distance between the jar and the stuck point would be too long and it could affect the jarring effect if the bit or the centralizers are stuck.4.3 Friction of the drill stringFriction is a kind of force generated between the drilling tool and borehole wall. Its empirical value is 50 kN ~200 kN. The friction is relevant with the BHA, mud condition and well bore structure. The force should be determined by the work site.During practical operation, the operators should exactly estimate the friction of the drill string.4.4 Pump-open ForcePump-open force is a kind of force exerting on the jar caused by the mud pressure in the drill strings in normal running. If the mud pressure is high enough, it will pull the jar open. Thus, the hook weight should deduce the pump-open force in the jarring up or down when calculates the force.The pump-open force is proportional to the pressure in the drill string and the piston equivalent area. So the pump-open force can be work out following:Pump-open force (kN) = piston area (mm2) -pumping pressure (MPa) ×10-3The piston equivalent area is related to the structure of the drilling jar. The pump-open force of QY-A drilling jar lists on the below table 1.Table 1 the Pump-open Force of QY-A Drilling Jar (kN)QY203AQY229AModel QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178APiston Area/mm24806 7835 7835 10722 13823 18850Pump Pressure/MPa971327555557 341381881077810 487819415026411014 6711027637721420 961571574.5 Jarring upWhen the jarring up is needed, lifting the drill strings to make the pull force reach the standardrelease force of the jar, an up-strike force would be produced. Pushing the drilling tools to make the jarreturn the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps will achieve the effectof continuous up strike. In jarring up, the hook load is calculated as follows:Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar + frictional force on the drill strings +standard release force - pump-open force4.6 Jarring downWhen the jarring down is needed, lowering down the string to make the press force reach thestandard release force of the jar, a down-strike force would be produced. Pulling the drilling tools tomake the jar return the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps willachieve the effect of continuous down strike. In down strike, the hook load is calculated as follows: Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar - standard release force- Frictional forceon the drill strings - pump-open force4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release forceWe can make use of the adjusting sleeve on cover screw of the drilling jar by the spanner or thescrewdriver to adjust the release force. The upper adjusting sleeve is used for adjusting the up-strikerelease force, and the lower adjusting sleeve for the down-strike release force.There are 25 adjusting grooves on the circumference of the nut that is made letters on the bottomof the grooves. It marks "+" and "-" beside the cover hole, which represents the increase or the decreasedirection of the release force. Letters near the cover hole represent the position of the standard releaseTable 2 the adjusting value every grooveforce on ex-works or on the maintenance.During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), when the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve can’t be adjusted, it reaches limited position, i.e. maximum or minimum release force.Notice: During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), lock screw is forbidden to be disassembled or loosen.The every groove can adjust the release force as table 2. On the actual application, adjust the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve every time for one or a number of limiting grooves and record theletter till it reaches the proper tons. It canachieve the adjustment of the force5. MaintenanceOnce the new drilling jar continuously works in the down hole more than 500 hours or 300 hours for the repaired one, it must be checked and disassembled. It is suggested that the drilling jar should be abandoned after it has worked for 1500 hours or 2 years.Before disassembly, the drilling jar should be tested and the data should be recorded.5.1 Preparation①Break-out / Make-up equipment and proper tools, including pipe wrench, chain wrench, nylon slinging belt, etc. is needed.②Sealing and wearing parts. Model Adjusting Value (kN) QY121A 25QY159A 30 QY165A 30 QY178A 40 QY203A 50QY229A 60╋ ╋Page 7 of 12③Lubricants, molybdenum disulfide(MoS 2) lubricant oil and L-HM 32 hydraulic oil. ④Technical files and service drawings of the drilling jar. 5.2 Disassembling ProcedureIn disassembly, it is forbidden to damage sealing surfaces or outer surface of the thin wall housing. Before the disassembly, the drilling jar must be in reset position.The housing threads of the drilling jar are cone screw threads and painted Y680 bounded agent. Locally heat the connection place of all cone screw thread to make bounded agent invalid for dismantling. The surface temperature after heating cannot go beyond 250 and it is noticed that the ℃heating area cannot extend to protect seal parts from damage.(1) Before the disassembly, confirm the drilling jar in the reset (latched) position. Then prepare the oilcontainer, disassemble the oil plug by a spanner, empty the hydraulic oil in the cavity and disassemble the cover screws and lock screws. (2) Disassemble the bottom sub.(3) Disassemble the piston with the special tool and valve unit.(4) Disassemble the lower housing. After loosen the threads, hoist and dislodge it horizontally by thehanging belt. Take notice of the coaxial with upper control housing and the rest.(5) Disassemble the connect unit, turn out the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of thembefore turning out.)(6) Disassemble the middle control housing. The disassembly way is same as the lower housing. Takeout the spring unit, separating sleeve, lining, friction sleeve and adjusting ring in the middle housing in sequence.(7) Disassemble the trip sleeve. First disassemble the extended mandrel, seize up the bottom end ofthe trip sleeve by the hanging belt and pulling it out by assembling test unit. Take out the separating sleeve and the spring unit on the mandrel in sequence.(8) Disassemble the upper control housing. The way is the same as the lower control housing. And turnout the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of them before turning out.) (9) Disassemble the lower valve housing.(10) Disassemble the lower valve mandrel and the valve unit.(11) Disassemble the upper valve housing, as the way of the lower valve housing.(12) Disassemble the upper valve mandrel, the valve unit and the back nut.(13) Disassemble the spline housing, stabilizer and the spline mandrel.(14) Disassemble all the seal components.(15) Flush all the components by cleaning equipment. Check the injury status of the components. Afterchecking, the housings, the spline mandrel, the trip mandrel, friction sleeve, trip sleeve, spring unit, adjusting sleeve and the trip mandrel coupling should be detected. The displacements are replaced according to the destructive status.(16) After taking out the drilling jar from the well, all the seal components should be replaced every time.5.3 Assembling Procedure(1) Pick out invalid parts, substitute new available components and prepare a set of seal and the toolsfor oil injection.(2) Clip the stabilizer with the chain clamp of the assembling unit. First, assemble the wiper ring, sealring and supporting ring into the stabilizer. Then hoist the spline mandrel horizontally, and carefully boot the spline into it and pay attention not to damage the spline body and seal parts.(3) Insert the spline mandrel into the stabilizer(the bare length of the spline mandrel is about 310mm )(4) Assemble the orienting sleeve and seal components into the spline housing.(5) Assemble the clamp ring. Turn the back nut into the spline mandrel and install the spline mandreland the upper valve mandrel. Tighten the back nut and the upper valve mandrel.(6) Assemble the supporting ring to the upper valve mandrel; tighten it with the spline mandrel. Installthe seal part on the mandrel. Assemble the spline housing and upper valve housing together.(7) Pull the spline mandrel to the max trip and install the valve unit.(8) Assemble the seal parts and locker screw on the lower valve mandrel.(9) Assemble the hydraulic cylinder and upper valve housing.(10) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve housing, tighten the hydraulic cylinder and lower valvehousing together.(11) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve mandrel and tighten it with the upper valve mandrel andtrip mandrel (the special tool is needed).(12) Screw the upper adjusting sleeve into the upper control housing. When the distance between theend surface of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is “X” (the up strike is 0), the value of Page 8 of 12Page 9 of 12“X” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, install the upper control housing.Table3 the distance between the end surface of adjusting sleeve and that of housingModelDistanceQY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229AX 5 8.4 8.4 11.5 11.2 11.8 Y 4.7 8.4 8.4 11.8 11.6 12(13) Install the extended mandrel and the trip mandrel.(14) Assemble the spring unit and the separating sleeve on the mandrel in the order. Plug the trip sleeveinto the trip mandrel to make it into the groove, i.e. the reset position.(15) Assemble the bushing, adjusting ring, locating bush, and trip sleeve into the middle housing. Installthe middle housing.(16) Screw the lower adjusting sleeve into the connect unit and ensure that the distance between thehead face of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is Y (the down strike is 0), the value of “Y” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, then install the connect unit. (17) Assemble the seal part on the piston and tighten it with the extend mandrel. (18) Assemble the lower control housing with the rest. (19) Install the top sub and assembling is accomplished.All the threads should be screwed down according to the make-up torque on table 4.Table 4 the make-up torque list of the threads (kN·m)ModelthreadsQY121A QY159/165A QY178A QY203A QY229A torque feed torquefeed torque feed torque feed torque feed housings 14 MoS 2 25 Y68035 Y68045 Y680 60 Y680mandrels 5 MoS 2 8 MoS 28 MoS 211 MoS 2 11 MoS 2Mandrel/piston 4 MoS 2 7MoS 28MoS 29MoS 211MoS 25.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiterIf the release force can not meet the requirement after long time using, repairing and coordinating the limiter is a good solution. If the custom wants to ascend the max release force, pare the end face nearing the adjusting sleeve. The length calculates as this formula:Page 10 of 12L=fptΔ25 L: The pared length, mm.p: The adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch ，check it on table 5, mm.t: Difference between the max release force required on table 1and fact force, kN. Δf: Increase or decrease force dialing every groove of the upper/lower sleeve, kN.Table 5 the adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch (mm)Model QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229Ap 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.23 4.5 6.356.Test & Oil Filling6.1 Oil FillingWhen the drilling jar has been assembled, it must be filled the oil into the cavity before the release force test.The liquid in the drilling jar is L-HM32 hydraulic oil. During oil filling, the drilling jar is required in the reset position.First, inject the barrel of the pump with the filtrated L-HM32 hydraulic oil. Before injection, lift upward the hole on the jar and then incline it by the traveling hoist at the angle of more than 30 degrees, in addition the large end of the mandrel is upward.The following is the connecting way between the oil pump and the hole on the jar. The hosepipe on the oil injection pump is connected with the bottom housing; one end of the return line connects to the hole on the spline body, and the other end inserts into the tubing. After connecting, the pump starts up. Wait till the air bubbles in the return line disappear for a long time so that all the remnant air is discharged, disassemble the pipe, assemble the pipe plug, and then put down the jar in horizontal position, disassemble the feed pipe, and finally install the pipe plug on the bottom housing, completing oil filling.6.2 Release force testThe reassembled drilling jars must come up to the standard in the release force test and seal test before used.After oiling the just-assembled drilling jar, test it’s jarring up and jarring down force on the push-pullBefore the test, it is suggested to locate the limiter as pre-disassembled. Please reference”6.4 repair & coordinate limiter” if you want to adjust the max release force in the adjustable extent of the limiter.After setting up the release force, record the letter locating near the setting nut vessel, and print it on the labeled vessel nearing adjustable aperture(print it behind all the letters ),then assemble limit nut and adjustable nut.The drilling jar must be reset after having been tested.6.3 Sealing TestThe nozzle is plugged by special pressure test connection. One end of the high-pressure hose is connected with the water inlet on the sub, the other end with the outlet on the electric pump. Make the air vent upward and disassemble the plug on the vent.Start up the pump and inject water into the jar. When the water fills up the jar and overflows from the air vent, stop the pump and install the core vent. After the above steps, start the pump again. When the pump pressure is up to 30MPa, stop it and retain the pressure for 5 minutes. If the pressure drops less than 0.5MPa, it represents the pressure test is ok. Disassemble the subs on the two ends. After drying the hole, paint the sealing grease and assemble the screw protector.7. Trouble & SolutionsBecause of the simple structure and the reliability of the mechanical QY-A drilling jar, a new jar or a jar after a normal repair won't have trouble. The trouble shooting during the application is as follows:a. the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can not be adjusted(1) If the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can adjust only toward one way, it indicates that the drilling jar has already been the max or min release force position. It is normal.(2) The drilling jar is not reset .Please pull or push it aptly. Push make jar reset when the jar has been up jarring or pull after down jarring.(3) The tool is too small to adjust the sleeve, please change a bigger one.b. No strike after the drill string lifted up(1) The jar is already at up-strike position. More drill springs would be lowered down to make the drilling jar be pushed, and then lift the strings up.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar outPage 11 of 12(3) If the lock unit of the jar is stuck and lodged, lift up the jar and repair it.c. No strike after the drill string lowered down(1) The jar is already at down-strike position, pull jar and lower down the drill string again.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar out to modulate.(3) After the drilling jar strikes for many times, and if the locking unit on the jar is stuck and lodged, lift the jar up and repair it.d. Vibration during normal drilling (unexpected strike)(1) If the release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low, the vibration on the drill string will cause unexpected strike. Try to decrease the vibration on the string or increase the release force on the drilling jar.(2) If the jar in BHA locates at an inappropriate position, it will undertake so much larger pull force or compress force in normal drilling operation. If unexpected striking down, try to decrease the drilling pressure or increase the position of the drilling jar on the drilling assembly; otherwise, if unexpected striking up, try to increase the drilling pressure or decrease the position.8. Damageable ComponentsAfter the jar has worked in the well one time, all the sealing parts must be replaced.Check the stress-containing and frictional parts. If having any damage, replace it. Damageable components and special tools are shown in the following additional table.9. Notices for Ordering(1) Model of the products should be written clearly and completely.(2) If having special requirements on the connect threads, please give us a detailed information when ordering. If no details, we will supply our standard supplies.(3) Name, order number and quantity should be written clearly if ordering spare parts and tools.Page 12 of 12Additional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9324610001 11 SplineSleeve 9314620004 22 SealHousing 9324610002 13 SplineNut 9314620008 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9324610004 16 Valve Unit 9314620200 2 complete setMandrel 9324610006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9324610009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9314631007 2Screw 9314620010 210 LockScrew 9314620011 211 CoverUnit 9314620100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9314630012 213 LocatedSleeve 9314630014 114 FrictionSleeve 9314630013 115 Trip16 TopSub 9324611010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIAdditional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 TopSub 9326211011 117 Seal Components 9326210900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve corePage II of 12Additional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 LowerHousing 9324610010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9314620810 Install valve mandrel and piston2 Screw Plug 9314630810 Install trip sleeve3 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIII。

机械式随钻震击器的原理和使用

花键套
Spline housing
压紧螺母 Packing
nut
屈曲接头 Flex joint
6
外部结构的尺寸数据（单位：英寸）
总长
准备击发
外径内径扣型位置
A
B
C
D
E
6 5/8
8
3 REG
408.9
28 49.6 76.8 46.5 35
G
上击准备击发下击
F 位置位置
位置
I
J
5 15.5
单位（lbs） 1000lbs=0.453t5ຫໍສະໝຸດ 二、机械式随钻震击器的结构
1、外部结构（以8”anadrill机械式随钻震击器为例）
下部控制套
花键轴
Lower control housing Spline mandrel
顶部接头上部控制
Top sub
套 Upper
control
housing
中部套筒 Middle housing
2）下井前震击器处于锁紧状态。 3）钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱中和点偏上的受拉位置。为增加钻具的挠性，减小工具的弯曲应力，震击器下部必须联接屈性长轴。 4）推荐的钻具组合：下钻铤（外径不得小于震击器外径）+ 屈性长轴+震击器+加重钻杆（外径不得大于震击器外径）
22
2、操作方法
1）下钻时应先开泵循环，再缓慢下放，切忌直通井底造成 “人为下击”。若在下钻过程中发生遇卡，可启动震击器实施上击解卡。
2）上提钻具产生震击
23
上提力的计算
上提力＝G1-G2+G3+G4+G5+G6。 G1---原悬重（井内钻具重量）； G2---震击器以下钻柱重量 G3---震击器所需的震击力； G4---泥浆阻力，约为上拉力的5%； G5---摩擦阻力，与井斜影响较大，约为上提力的 5~20%； G6---指重表误差（指重表本身精度决定）

全液压式随钻震击器的研制与应用

新产品开发全液压式随钻震击器的研制与应用周家齐张国田李东阳李兴杰(北京石油机械厂)摘要针对钻井过程中常见的井下卡钻事故,研制了新型全液压式随钻震击器。

该震击器主要由连接机构、机械锁紧机构、扭矩传递机构、打击机构和密封机构等部件组成。

全液压式随钻震击器是一种上下击为一体的新型井下解卡工具,实际操作时,若在起钻过程中遇卡,则启动下击解卡;若在下钻时遇卡或钻头在井底遇卡,则启动上击解卡。

厂内台架试验及现场应用结果显示,整套震击器设计合理,机械锁紧力线性稳定,液压延迟时间稳定,能充分满足现场使用要求。

关键词液压随钻震击器0 引言卡钻是钻井过程中常见的井下事故,卡钻事故分为粘吸卡钻、缩颈卡钻、键槽卡钻、泥包卡钻等。

对于卡钻事故,震击解卡往往是最经济的方法,它能在卡钻发生初期及时解决事故,并能预防事故进一步扩大[1]。

卡钻总是发生在钻进、起钻、下钻3个不同的过程中。

卡钻事故发生后,如果钻柱组合带有随钻震击器,应立即启动震击器以求解卡,这比单纯的上提、下压的力量要集中,见效也快得多。

近年来,我国的油气勘探开发技术取得了飞速发展,钻采工艺水平正在向世界先进水平迅速靠拢。

随着钻井工程向定向井、超深井和复杂井的不断迈进,研制与之配套的能满足钻井工艺需要的新型井下工具就显得尤为必要。

笔者研制的全液压式随钻震击器即可满足这一要求。

1 技术分析1 1 结构全液压式随钻震击器结构如图1所示,主要由连接机构、机械锁紧机构、液压阻尼机构、扭矩传递机构、打击机构和密封机构等组成。

连接机构由壳体连接螺纹组成,壳体采用高级优质结构钢,力学性能及硬度均满足井下工具在复杂恶劣的井下环境中的使用要求,连接螺纹均符合API规范要求。

图1 全液压式随钻震击器结构示意图1 花键心轴;2 组合密封 ;3 花键体;4、7 阀体心轴;5、8 阀体总成;6 液压缸;9 组合密封!;10 上筒体;11 卡瓦心轴;12 中筒体;13 卡瓦;14 活塞;15 下筒体。

液压减震送钻器使用手册

HPAL工具特点结构简单可靠；1500mm长行程减震送钻，可保证100％在液压缓冲段工作；具有液压减震、液力送钻双重功能；具有防斜打直、提高钻速、减轻司钻劳动强度、保护钻具等多项效果；地面选配调节压力大小，适合牙轮钻头高钻压，也适合PDC钻头低钻压；根据要求的钻压大小，可以任意增减工具级数，灵活实用；工具本身几乎没有压力损失；系列化适合各种尺寸井眼6″,6-1/4″,7-7/8″,8-1/2″, 9-1/2″,9-7/8″,11-3/4″,12-1/4″。

目录HPAL工具特点 P1目录 P2一、概述 P3二、结构原理 P4三、工作原理 P5四、设计与操作 P5五、技术规范六、注意事项 P8七、清洗维护 P91.概述本工具是一种石油天然气钻井用的井下工具，具有液压减震、自动送钻等功能；具有防斜打直、提高钻速、减轻司钻劳动强度、保护钻头、钻具等多项功能。

在钻井过程中，由于地层和钻头的相互作用产生动载，引起整个钻柱和井底附近岩石产生弹性波，使钻头、钻柱不规则地震动，当激震频率和钻柱的固有频率相当或接近时，钻柱则产生强烈震动。

钻头破碎岩石时离开井底破坏了钻头的稳定工作方式和稳定的工作状态，底部钻柱组合的垂直位移（振幅）一般在2～3mm，在坚硬岩石和有裂缝的岩石中钻进，振幅可达100mm（与钻头转速有关）,用三牙轮钻头钻进时，震动频率接近钻头转动频率的3倍，因而对井底产生的动载荷有时超过钻压的4倍。

当然，钻柱震动的也取决于钻井泵的脉冲情况。

总之，震动的结果使钻头提前破坏、钻柱断裂、井斜以及严重影响钻进效率。

减振器的真正作用在于吸收和释放震动能，或者改变钻柱的自身频率，从而避免钻柱的共振，通常的机械减振器（叠簧式、橡胶球式等等），由于地层岩性的不确定性，钻头与地层产生的振动频率也不确定，就存在着钻头钻柱震动的频率与减振器频率匹配问题，也存在着机械减振器的寿命问题，机械减振器一般起不到很好地减震作用。

液压减震送钻器是以液压吸收、缓冲、阻尼震动，又能通过钻头水眼及时释放震动能，同时具有改变整个钻柱固有频率的功能，使整个钻具组合的刚度、自身频率发生了根本的变化，在全频率波段范围内广泛适应钻头与钻柱的震动，所以在大量的钻井实践中，液压减震器的减震效果是很好的。

Griffith 震击器

Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器使用手册1.1概述随钻震击器是连接在井下钻具组合中的一种工具，在钻井卡钻事故中能立即被用来对钻柱中的卡住部分产生震击作用，以达到解卡的目的。

随钻震击器一般分两种：一种是机械式；一种是液压式。

它们各有优缺点。

机械式随钻震击器的优点是：●在不需要震击时总是处在锁定位置；●在井下钻具组合的位置所受的限制较少；●在起下钻作业时不会发生意外震击；●起下钻作业时无特殊步骤要求；●钻台上不需要“安全卡瓦”和特殊处理步骤；●在正常钻进作业期间的磨损最小。

机械式随钻震击器的缺点为：●震击器在井下的震击力不可以变化；●当震击器锁定设置值被克服后会即刻震击，这种震击器有可能损坏提升设备（Hoisting Equipment）；●旋转类型受扭矩影响（Rofary type affected by torque）。

液压震击器的优点是；●在井下的震击力可通过改变超载拉力（amcunt of overpull）来改变；●因有时间延迟，从而有时间在钻台带上刹车，以保护提升设备；液压震击器的缺点为：●起下钻作业或单独吊震击器时有可能意外震击；●在BHA钻具组合中的位置受限制，必须在钻具组合中总是处于张力状态；●在起下钻作业时有特殊步骤要求；●在钻台上操作时需要安全卡瓦（Safety collar）；●在钻进时有轴向活动，这样加快了磨损速度；●在连续震击后，有容易出故障的名声。

1.2 Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器的特点Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器的开发，结合了液压和机械震击器的特点，克服了这两种震击器的固有缺点。

它的独特设计把液压延迟释放与机械锁定机理混合在一个相对较短的双作用随钻震击器上，使这种井下工具可提供几种相对传统液压或机械震击器的优点：●液压延迟时间允许操作者可施加不同的超载拉力（overpull），同时可应用刹车系统（draw-works drum brake）。

机械式随钻震击器的原理和使用

单位（lbs） 1000lbs=0.453t
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二、机械式随钻震击器的结构
1、外部结构（以8”anadrill机械式随钻震击器为例）
下部控制套
花键轴
Lower control housing Spline mandrel
顶部接头上部控制
Top sub
套 Upper
control
housing
中部套筒 Middle housing
2）下井前震击器处于锁紧状态。 3）钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱中和点偏上的受拉位置。为增加钻具的挠性，减小工具的弯曲应力，震击器下部必须联接屈性长轴。 4）推荐的钻具组合：下钻铤（外径不得小于震击器外径）+ 屈性长轴+震击器+加重钻杆（外径不得大于震击器外径）
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2、操作方法
1）下钻时应先开泵循环，再缓慢下放，切忌直通井底造成 “人为下击”。若在下钻过程中发生遇卡，可启动震击器实施上击解卡。
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一、机械式随钻震击器的介绍
机械式随钻震击器是全机械式随钻震击、解卡工具。它集上、下震击作用为一体，可解除钻进作业中井下遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故，另外在修井过程中也得到了广泛的应用。它在不需要震击时，是钻柱的一部分，需要震击时，随时可以作业，因而震击器的出现大大提高了海上作业的工作效率。
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车间震击器主要规格
英寸外径外径内径内径总长总长aabbccddeeffggiijj准备击发准备击发位置位置位置位置准备击发准备击发位置位置位置位置883358regreg40894089282849649676876846546535355515515599252520520512012058regb6302主要内部结构心轴花键轴内部部件延长运行心轴运行心轴心轴连接器心轴缓冲环10反向锁紧螺母缓冲环花键轴花键轴11锁紧螺母活塞卡簧上调节套上部弹簧组内部部件12磨擦衬套隔离衬套扶正块运行套扶正块弹簧组下部调节套13先点我先点我14151617上击工作原理18磨擦衬套运行心轴运行套运行套磨擦衬套运行心轴磨擦衬套磨擦衬套运行心轴运行套运行心轴运行套运行心轴运行套运行心轴磨擦衬套磨擦衬套运行心轴磨擦衬套运行心轴磨擦衬套运行心轴磨擦衬套运行心轴运行套磨擦衬套运行心轴运行套磨擦衬运行心轴19下击原理磨擦衬套运行心轴运行套磨擦衬套运行心轴运行套20机械式随钻震击器上击过程212211经重新装配后的震击器各联接螺纹应紧扣内腔注满经重新装配后的震击器各联接螺纹应紧扣内腔注满llhm32hm32抗磨液压油震击吨位可根据井的具体要求调定并经地面抗磨液压油震击吨位可根据井的具体要求调定并经地面试验合格

“文策”随钻震击器

“文策”随钻震击器使用说明书一、概述“文策”随钻震击器是一种机械—液压一体式随钻震击器。

它集上、下震击作用于一体，具有稳定的工作性能和强大的上、下震击力，可解除钻井作业过程中发生的井下遇阻、遇卡等事故，是定向井、深井钻进作业中优选推荐的震击工具。

二、型号表示方法1、现有型号规格系列及性能参数三、结构、工作原理。

1、结构“文策”随钻震击器是机械—液压结构，上击机构为液缸、阻力阀，位于随钻下部；下击机构为卡瓦、碟簧，位于随钻上部 (如图所示) 。

2、工作原理上击,下放钻柱使震击器完全关闭（处于锁紧位置），按从小到大吨位顺序上提钻柱，迫使碟簧、液缸储能，延时，当芯轴上行到解除阻力状态，钻柱中贮存的弹性势能转换成向上的动能，产生上击。

重复上述过程，可使工具再次上击。

下击,上下活动钻柱使震击器完全关闭（处于锁紧位置），下放钻柱，使碟簧压缩贮能，当震击器所受压力大于震击器预定下击解锁力时，卡瓦从芯轴上滑出，解除锁紧状态，产生下击。

重复上述过程，可使工具再次下击。

四、使用与操作1、下井前的检查随钻震击器下井前，应对照《工具跟踪卡》进行检查，确认合格后方可进行下步工作。

2、连接随钻震击器在钻柱中连接位置的确定（1）随钻震击器应连接在钻柱中和点附近，推荐的钻柱组合如下：下2根钻铤（外径不小于震击器外径）+“文策”震击器（芯轴端向上）+加长短节+2根钻铤（外径不大于震击器外径）上。

（2）在容易出现压差卡钻的地层，震击器应安装在井下钻柱组合相对靠上的位置，以防止震击器以上钻具发生卡钻。

（3）在容易出现机械卡钻的区域，震击器在井底钻柱组合中的安装位置可以相对靠下，以提高震击器的工作能力。

（4）震击器不能直接连接在扶正器上，至少在扶正器上有两根钻铤。

震击器的连接应该避开钻柱中的变扣接头，应位于变扣接头上、下至少两个单根。

震击器以上应该接入足够数量的钻铤、加重钻杆以提供足够的下击驱动力。

（5）震击器以上钻柱外径不得超过震击器的外径，避免震击器以上发生卡钻，震击器失去解卡作用。

震击器

第十节震击解卡工具钻具遇卡后，上提下放活动钻具，虽然有时也施加很大力量，但是这种力量的传递是柔性的，渐进式的，而震击解卡工具施于卡点的力量则是突然的，就像锤子敲击钉子一样，瞬时作用在单位面积上的力量则是很大的。

从动力学的观点来看，动能和物质的质量及运动的速度的平方成正比，震击解卡工具的特点就在于它以高速度来获得较大的动能去克服卡持钻具的力量。

震击解卡工具以其结构来说，基本上是液压式和机械式两种，它们的共同特点是：①必须能循环钻井液，中心要有循环钻井液的通道；②必须能传递扭矩，心轴与外筒之间不能有周向运动；③必须有高强度的密封，内液不能外泄，外液不能内渗；4要有储能机构，能把钻具伸长或压缩的弹性能积蓄起来，然后突然释放，产生高速运动；⑤要有震击偶，即一个撞击体和一个承击体组成一对相互矛盾的偶合体；6要有连接机构，因为它是连接在钻柱中间进行工作的，所以上下部都要有和钻柱相连的螺纹。

震击器种类很多，各部零件结构也有差异，但总的设计思路都是为了实现以上六项功能的，抓住了这一点，各种震击器的原理、结构就迎刃而解了。

震击作用是在相对运动中产生的，所以它必然有一个固定件和一个活动件，固定件和下部钻柱连接，处于相对固定状态，活动件和上部钻柱连接，随自由钻柱的拉、压而做上、下运动，其蓄能、释放、加速、撞击的过程，都是利用钻柱的上提下放来完成的。

一、液压上击器液压上击器是利用压缩油来积蓄能量的一种工具，型式也有多种，但基本结构相同，现以Z型液压上击器为例，加以说明。

1)结构如图液压上击器就是缸套与活塞的组合体，缸套部分做为固定件与下部钻柱连接，活塞部分做为活动件与上部钻柱连接。

①上缸体。

即心轴外套，中上部是一个光滑的圆筒，内有密封件，和心轴光杆部分形成动密封，使液压腔和外界隔绝。

下端为公细螺纹，与中缸体连接，其末端即承击体，内有母花键六个，和心轴的公花键相配合，用以传递扭矩。

上缸体上有油堵，是加液压油的地方。

②中缸体。

QY型全液压随钻震击器使用说明

QY型全液压随钻震击器一、概述QY型全液压随钻震击器是一种井下钻具被卡时的解卡工具，是一种上、下击一体式液压随钻震击器，当钻具被卡时，能够提供一个巨大的冲击力，可以进行上击或下击动作以达到解卡目的，及时恢复正常钻井作业。

QY型全液压随钻震击器在井下使用时，操作者可以在地面通过调整上提或下放钻具（无需对扭矩或外部调整），就能产生释放上击或者下击的冲击力，并且可以调整冲击力从很小到所需的最大冲击力。

工具操作简单、方便和可靠性高，可以广泛适用于钻井、取芯、打捞和修井等多种井下作业。

二、工作原理上击工作原理：工作是通过上提钻柱施加工具向上的力，随着工具上击液压阻尼机构的上行，在液压油腔的液压油受压产生憋压，实现钻柱储能。

当上行达到一定行程时，憋压油突然卸载，从而释放钻柱储能产生向上的冲击力。

下击工作原理：与上击工作原理不同的是，通过下放钻柱施加工具向下的力，实现钻柱储能的过程与上击相同，最终释放钻柱储能产生向下的冲击力。

三、使用与操作1、使用：1)工具下井前，必须做地面试验，试验合格后方可下井使用。

2)检查工具上各油堵是否拧紧。

（曾经发生过，油堵脱落掉井的事故）3)在转盘上，工具与钻具连接好后再卸下卡箍，同钻具一起下放入井。

（保存好卡箍，工具使用完后，卡上卡箍）4)工具与钻铤或加重钻杆可组成为立柱，但应该连接在立柱的顶部。

5)工具最适宜连接放置在整个钻具组合中和点以上部位，使工具处于受拉状态。

6)工具的外径应该小于或等于钻铤和下部钻具组合的直径。

7)推荐的钻具组合为：上部钻具+加重钻杆（外径不得大于震击器外径）+QY型随钻震击器+钻铤（外径不得小于震击器外径）+下部钻具2、操作上击操作1)下放钻具，超过震击器上部钻具重量5~7吨使震击器“上击阻尼机构”回位。

(这一条很重要，在上击前，必须通过下放钻具，让心轴回位)2)上提钻具，然后等待震击器震击。

震击器上击力=震击前指重表向上的最后读数-震击器上部钻具的悬重。

QJ120A说明书

您的位置：首页>> 产品信息QJ120A随钻震击器使用说明书1概述QJ120A随钻震击器是一种新型随钻震击器，适用于钻井作业的随钻工作，也可以在调节释放力后用于特殊打捞解卡作业。

QJ120A随钻震击器的主要特点如下：Ø上、下击一体，整机长度短，结构合理，安全可靠；Ø上、下击释放力的大小可以在地面分别进行调节，且调节操作非常简便易行，释放力大小的调节准确、稳定；Ø机械式震击器，能在较高井底温度下工作。

2型号说明QJ: 产品代号（上、下击一体的机械式随钻震击器）120: 规格（外径120mm）A: 特征代号（A —释放力井场可调的随钻震击器）3技术参数表1 QJ120A机械式随钻震击器技术参数型号QJ120A外径尺寸mm120水眼直径mm45最大释放力（±20%）上击kN400下击kN250出厂标定释放力上击kN400~440下击kN190~230最大抗拉载荷kN1200最大工作扭矩kN.m12长度mm5646连接螺纹API 3 1/2 IF4 工作原理QJ120A随钻震击器结构示意图见图1。

工作原理示意图见图2。

随钻震击器释放力的产生主要由卡瓦机构、弹性机构和打击机构来完成。

其中弹性机构用于储能，卡瓦机构在达到极限位置时突然张开，使卡瓦心轴突然释放，打击面产生打击，从而在钻柱中产生震击力。

调节机构可准确、稳定地调节释放力的大小。

随钻震击器出厂及正常工作时处于复位状态，卡瓦的内棱带嵌入卡瓦心轴的沟槽内，此时卡瓦“抱紧”卡瓦心轴。

由于卡瓦被其两侧的弹性套限位不能移动，从而使卡瓦心轴不能轴向移动。

震击作业时，上提或下压钻柱，弹性机构受力开始变形，卡瓦与卡瓦套之间产生相对位移（图b），此过程为储能过程（钻柱被拉伸或压缩产生弹性变形）。

当钻柱对随钻震击器的拉力或压力达到标定释放力时，卡瓦外棱带进入卡瓦套内棱带的沟槽，卡瓦突然张开，使心轴突然释放，心轴在钻柱拉力或压力的作用下从卡瓦中迅速拉出（图c）。

钻井工具讲义

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z订购说明购说明转换接头z转换接头分为A、B、C、D四类。

订购时需注明扣型长度内外径尺寸订购时需注明扣型、长度、内外径尺寸。

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冷滚压设备滚压后金相片×100滚压前金相片×100稳定器（扶正器）三螺旋整体稳定器可换套稳定器直四棱整体稳定器 HF3000稳定器套非旋转稳定器可换套稳定器稳定器（扶正器）中软地层层层软地层硬和研磨地层z滚轮铰孔器减震器z减震器安装钻头的上面，利用减震器里的减震元件来吸收钻进时的冲击振动载荷以提高钻井速动载荷，以提高钻井速度，保护钻具。

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z双向减震器双向减震器不仅能吸收纵向振动载荷还能吸收由扭矩产生的振动和冲击载荷。

钻具止回阀z钻具止回阀钻具止回阀是一种内防喷器，是用来防止高压油气从钻具的水眼中喷出。

泥浆能够从止回阀的上部流向下部，但不能倒流。

常见有箭形回压阀、浮阀、投入止回阀订购时需注明种类、外径或扣型和最大使用压力。

最大使用压力分为35MPa和70MPa 。

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