北京科技大学2013年《357英语翻译基础》考研专业课真题试卷
南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
![南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/1ef2b55952ea551811a68741.png)
目 录
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）
2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）
2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）一、英汉互译
1．ISO
【答案】国际标准化组织
2．document against acceptance
【答案】承兑交单
3．nuclear disarmament
【答案】核裁军
4．overhead pedestrian walk
【答案】天桥
5．US federal reserve system
【答案】美国联邦储备系统
6．alma mater
【答案】母校
7．leap year
【答案】闰年
8．plead innocent
【答案】无罪答辩
9．B/L
【答案】海上运输提单。
北京科技大学研究生英语考试真题
2004/6 Listening Comprehension1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B.Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C.Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D.Unmarried women were allowed to watch itsomewhere.2. A. She needs to buy new clothes.B.She cares a lot about what to wear.C.The man doesn't work hard enough.D.The man should buy some new ties.3. A. Takes a hot bath. B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4. A. They have a very close relationship.B.They don't spend much time together.C.They are getting along with each other better.D. They are generally pretty cold to each other.5. A. His sixth sense told him.B.He is unskillful with his present job.C.His present job pays too little.D.His present job is too demanding.6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B.Seven people were killed in the accident.C.Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7. A. 2754201. B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8. A. She had no chance to speak.B.She was speechless.C.She talked a lot to the star.D.She saw too many people around the star.9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B.Because it provides a lot of information.C.B ecause it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D. Because it is an inside newspaper.10. A. Because other scientists had raised questionsabout these claims.B.Because some of its scientists had made falseclaims before.C.Because the claims were very important to thestudy of physics.D.Because some of its scientists published too manypapers a year.11. A. He made up false data in the experiment tosupport his new findings.B.He used information from previous work tosupport his new findings.C.He denied other scientists' involvement in hisexperiments.D.He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B.They asked Mister Schon to apologize to thepublic.C.They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prizewinner.D.They removed Mister Schon from his position.13. A. The winner should write a report to the committeeof the foundation.B.The winner should report to the committee beforethey spend the money.C.The winner should not be a government official.D.The winner should be nominated by thefoundation's directors.14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B.For her achievements in developing computersoftware.C.For her achievements in developing warships.D.For her achievements in developing robots.15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation'sdirectors.B.He helped the developing countries to fightagainst earthquakes.C.He helped the third world countries to developquickly.D.He ran a non-profit international organization.16.What did the several hundred college studentscompete to build recently in Washington D.C.? 17.Which department in the United States organized thecompetition?18.How many teams took part in the competition?19.How much did each team spend on equipment andother materials?20.What is the purpose of the competition?Transcript (Jun 20, 2004)1.A: I heard no women were allowed to take part in theOlympic Games in ancient Greece. Is that true? B: But somewhere unmarried girls were allowed to watch or even compete in the Games in those days.They could compete in a separate festival.Q: From this conversation what do we learn about Olympic Games in ancient Greece?1. A. No women were allowed to take part in it.B.Women were only allowed to watch the Games.C.Unmarried girls were allowed to compete with men.D.Unmarried women were allowed to watch itsomewhere.2.A: Now you are in the new company, you may needto buy some new clothes.B: As long as I work hard, nobody cares what I wear.But you may rethink your ties.Q: What does the woman mean?2. A. She needs to buy new clothes.B.She cares a lot about what to wear.C.The man doesn't work hard enough.D.The man should buy some new ties.3.A: What do you usually do when you feel tired?B: I usually listen to some classical music, or take a long hot bath. What about you?A: I usually relax with a few drinks or drink more coffee to keep myself going.Q: What does the woman usually do when she feels tired?3. A. Takes a hot bath. B. Takes a long walk.C. Has a few drinks.D. Has more coffee.4.A: How do you get along with your partner?B: Generally our relationship is pretty good but we both are aware of the importance of spending timealone.Q: What is the relationship between the man and his partner like?4. A. They have a very close relationship.B.They don't spend much time together.C.They are getting along with each other better.D.They are generally pretty cold to each other.5.A: It seems to me that you will switch to another job. B: How do you know?A: My sixth sense told me.B: You are actually right. I'm fed up with working anunskilled job for a minimum wage.Q: Why did the man want to change his job?5. A. His sixth sense told him.B.He is unskillful with his present job.C.His present job pays too little.D.His present job is too demanding.6.A: Did you watch the report about the accident indowntown?B: No. Where was it?A: It was on seventh street. It was a huge wreck and I saw a lot of ambulances at the scene.Q: What do we learn about the accident?6. A. The accident caused injury or loss of life.B.Seven people were killed in the accident.C.Many people from other cars came to help.D. A lot of vehicles were involved in the accident.7.A: Hello. My name is Nathaniel Mumford. I'm astudent of Professor Cohen's. May I speak to himplease?B: Oh, Professor Cohen is at a conference at the moment, but if you leave your phone number hemay call you back when he returns.A: My phone number is 2745301. Thank you for you help.Q: What is the phone number of the student?7. A. 2754201. B. 2645310.C. 2745301.D. 2654310.8.A: Did you speak to the famous star?B: I wanted to, but I was unable to speak when I wasface to face with him.A: Well, many people do that. Before they meet their favorite star they seem to have a lot to say. But when they actually meet them, they can't say anything. Q: What happened to the woman when she met the famous star?8. A. She had no chance to speak.B.She was speechless.C.She talked a lot to the star.D.She saw too many people around the star.9.A: Why are you so keen on this newspaper?B: It's really informative and it is the top one among those offering inside stories.Q: Why does the man like the newspaper?9. A. Because it tells the truth most of the time.B.Because it provides a lot of information.C.B ecause it is the top one on the list of newspapers.D.Because it is an inside newspaper.Mini-Talk OneInvestigators from Bell Labs Murray Hill, New Jersey have found that claims made by some scientists at the laboratory were not based on fact. The investigators dismissed results from a number of studies published between 1998 and 2001. Bell Labs appointed a committee to investigate the wrongdoing after other scientists raised questions about the claims. Some of the claims were once said to be major developments in the study of physics. They included a claim that scientists had created the smallest device to carry electric current ever made.The committee identified at least sixteen examples of scientific wrongdoing. It placed the blame on one Bell Labs physicist, Jan Hendrik Schon. Mr. Schon told the committee that he had no written records of the laboratory experiments. He also said much of the information in his computer had been destroyed.The investigators found that Mr. Schon used information from earlier work to support his findings. They said his did this without the knowledge of the other scientists involved in the experiments. The investigators noted that Mr. Schon and his group produced an average of one scientific paper every eight days. For most scientists, a few papers a year is considered productive.After the committee's report was released, Bell Labs immediately dismissed Jan Hendrik Schon from his position. He was once thought to be a future Nobel Prize winner. After his dismissal, Mr. Schon admitted he had made mistakes in his scientific work. He said he regretted those mistakes.10.Why did Bell Labs appoint a committee to investigatesome of the claims made by its scientists?10. A. Because other scientists had raised questionsabout these claims.B.Because some of its scientists had made falseclaims before.C.Because the claims were very important to thestudy of physics.D.Because some of its scientists published too manypapers a year.11.What did the committee find out when theyinvestigated Mr. Schon?11. A. He made up false data in the experiment tosupport his new findings.B.He used information from previous work tosupport his new findings.C.He denied other scientists' involvement in hisexperiments.D. He was not productive in writing scientific papers.12.What did Bell Labs do after the committee's reportwas released?12. A. They dismissed all Mister Schon's publications.B. They asked Mister Schon to apologize to the public.C. They recalled Mister Schon's title as a Nobel Prizewinner.D.They removed Mister Schon from his position.Mini-Talk TwoThe MacArthur Fellowship is a program that honors individual men and women for their creativity. American businessman John MacArthur used his own money to establish the MacArthur Foundation in 1970. It began to operate after he died eight years later.To be considered for the award, a person must be nominated. And they should not hold an elective or an appointed office in government.Each year, several hundred people are appointed to propose nominations. A twelve-member committee studies information about those nominated to identify the great creativity in their work and proposes winners to the foundation's directors. The foundation does not require or expect reports from individual winners. It also does not ask them how the money will be used.Six hundred and thirty-five MacArthur Fellows have been named since the program started in 1981. Between 20 and 30 winners are named each year.The twenty-four winners this year work in many different areas. They include scientists, writers, and musicians. Daniela Ruth is a professor in Dartmouth College in New Hampshire. She is a computer scientist who develops robots that change shape to deal with changes in their environment.Brian Tucker from California is another winner. Mr. Tucker is an earthquake expert. He is the president of a non-profit group called GeoHazards International. His group works for local officials in developing countries to make their areas safer against earthquakes. Mr. Tucker says that being recognized as a MacArthur Fellow will make a huge difference for his company.13.Which of the following is one of the requirements fora MacArthur Fellowship winner?13. A. The winner should write a report to the committeeof the foundation.B. The winner should report to the committee beforethey spend the money.C. The winner should not be a government official.D.The winner should be nominated by thefoundation's directors.14.Why was Daniela Ruth awarded this year'sMacArthur Fellowship?14. A. For her achievements in environmental protection.B. For her achievements in developing computersoftware.C. For her achievements in developing warships.D.For her achievements in developing robots.15.Why was Brian Tucker given this year's MacArthurFellowship?15. A. He was recognized as a genius by the foundation'sdirectors.B. He helped the developing countries to fight againstearthquakes.C. He helped the third world countries to developquickly.D.He ran a non-profit international organization.Section CExperts say in the near future, many houses in the United States will be powered by energy from the sun. Many people in Washington D.C., recently were able to see what some of those homes might look like. Several hundred college students from across the country took part in a competition to see who could build the best solar-powered house. The United States Department of Energy organized the competition.Students from fourteen colleges and universities took part in this Solar Home Competition. Student teams competed in a series of ten contests to see who could design, build and operate the best house powered only by the sun. The solar homes were built on the National Mall, the grassy open area between the United States Capitol building and the Washington Monument. The solar houses were set up in the middle.Each team included at least twenty students of design, architecture and building sciences. The students gained the money to buy equipment and materials for their house.Each house cost as much as $250,000 to build.A solar-powered house has a roof designed to take in the heat of the sun and change it to energy. That power is then stored in a battery bank which supplies power to the whole house.As part of the competition, the teams were expected to spend most of the day in their homes doing normal activities. The activities used electricity powered by the sun. For example, the students cooked food, used computers, operated lights and washed clothes in machines. They even drove around the solar village in electric cars powered by a solar battery. The competition is designed to show Americans that solar energy works, because the use of solar energy in the United States is less than in other parts of the world. Only about 20,000 American homes are solar-powered.。
2013年北京师范大学357英语翻译基础考研试题(回忆版)
2013年北京师范大学357英语翻译基础考研试题（回忆版）本试题由网友灿烂千阳Pamela、snowing宝宝提供翻译基础：economy class; Achilles' heel; a wet hen; child's play; 方便面；买一送一；粮食安全；彩票；暂停；吉日；山寨；两篇互译文章， 英译汉是讲美国应对当前经济全球化什么什么的。
整体不难，也基本没有啥不认识的单词。
但是汉译英彻底把我难住了，是讲“和氏璧”的，说春秋时期有个人楚国人叫汴河，他在山里得了块璞玉，进献给厉王，被厉王认为是石头，于是以欺君之罪剁了左脚，厉王死后，武王（好像是他）即位，汴河又把玉进献给武王，再一次以同样的理由剁掉右脚，武王死后，文王即位，汴河抱着玉在楚山下大哭，文王得知后，命人把玉剖开，发现里面确实是一块绝世美玉，于是起名叫“和氏璧”。
（接下来就是把文章升华一下）汴河就是这样一位有着玉一样品质的人什么什么的。
30个英汉互译英译汉：tariff barrier 关税壁垒soft soap 奉承话trade partner 贸易伙伴a shallow laughter 浅笑？（我不确定……）prize fellow 获奖学金的学生archiles' heel 致命伤，大缺点demanding work 要求高的工作a wet hen 泼妇netizen 网民release a polla counter-offer 还价economy class 经济舱software wizard 软件向导polite society 上流社会child's play 容易干的事，不重要的事汉译英：（有一个想不起来了……想起来我再补进来）粮食安全 food security人肉搜索 internet mass hunting团购 group buying/purchase山寨 mountain village （山寨货：cottage cargo/ goods） 买一赠一 buy one and present one彩票 lottery tickets食用方法 edible methods大片 （不知要考什么 我写了两个 large mass of 和 slice of）水货 parallel/smuggled goods吉日 lucky day暂停 pause?归化 naturalization方便面 instant noodle（s）靶心 bull 's eye 或 target center第二部分是汉英文段互译汉译英是汴河泣玉的故事（我只记得大概了，可能有些句子不准确……） 在中国文化的历史长河中，不管是太平盛世玉，还是群雄争霸，人们一直喜欢佩戴玉饰，并写诗歌颂它。
2013年对外经济贸易大学357英语翻译基础考研试题(回忆版)
2013年对外经济贸易大学357英语翻译基础考研试题）回忆版）（回忆版本试题由网友resuming、cassielau提供一、词组翻译英译汉：Glocalization, counter trade, patent,汉译英：合资企业、利率、贬值、绩效评估、二、缩略语NAFTA, MERCOSUR, GSP, UNIFC, IFC, ASEAN,三、篇章翻译英译汉是有关语言在经济活动中的影响，其中有许多公司和品牌名称，字数大约为400字，B5纸一页多：汉译英为典型的ZF文件类，都是动宾词组，如促进产业结构升级，推进城镇化建设，重点放在中西部，优先发展东部地区等，字数为300字左右。
总之字数较去年都有所增加。
原文：推进经济结构战略性调整。
这是加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。
必须以改善需求结构、优化产业结构、促进区域协调发展、推进城镇化为重点，着力解决制约经济持续健康发展的重大结构性问题。
要牢牢把握扩大内需这一战略基点，加快建立扩大消费需求长效机制，释放居民消费潜力，保持投资合理增长，扩大国内市场规模。
牢牢把握发展实体经济这一坚实基础，实行更加有利于实体经济发展的政策措施，强化需求导向，推动战略性新兴产业、先进制造业健康发展，加快传统产业转型升级，推动服务业特别是现代服务业发展壮大，合理布局建设基础设施和基础产业。
建设下一代信息基础设施，发展现代信息技术产业体系，健全信息安全保障体系，推进信息网络技术广泛运用。
提高大中型企业核心竞争力，支持小微企业特别是科技型小微企业发展。
继续实施区域发展总体战略，充分发挥各地区比较优势，优先推进西部大开发，全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地，大力促进中部地区崛起，积极支持东部地区率先发展。
网上的英文对照：Carry out strategic adjustment of the economicstructureThis is the major goal of accelerating the change ofthe growth model.We must strive to remove major structural barriers tosustained and sound economic development, with a focus on improving the demandmix and the industrial structure, promoting balanced development betweenregions and advancing urbanization.We should firmly maintain the strategicfocus of boosting domestic demand, speed up the establishment of a long-termmechanism for increasing consumer demand, unleash the potential of individualconsumption, increase investment at a proper pace, and expand the domestic market.We should focus on developing the real economy as a firm foundation of theeconomy.We should adopt policies and measures to better facilitate thedevelopment of the real economy.We should make the economy more demand-driven,promote the sound growth of strategic emerging industries and advancedmanufacturing industries, speed up the transformation and upgrading oftraditional industries, develop and expand the service sector, especiallymodern service industries, and make the geographical and structural layout ofthe development of infrastructure and basic industries more balanced. We shoulddevelop next-generation information infrastructure and modern IT industry,better ensure information security, and promote the applicationof informationnetwork technologies.We should enhance the core competitiveness of large andmedium-sized enterprises and support development of small and microbusinesses,especially small and micro science and technology companies.We should continueto implement the master strategy for regional development and fully leveragethe comparative advantages of different regions.We should give high priorityto large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize oldindustrial bases in northeast China,work vigorously to promote the rise of the central region, and support theeastern region in taking the lead in development.以上试题来自网友的回忆，仅供参考，纠错请发邮件至suggest@。
2013年1月05355商务英语翻译真题及答案
一、句子汉译英（本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分）请在答题卡上作答。
1.不论采用何种方式，所有这些干预都有赖于科学咨询和各类科技人才的力量。
2.教育事业得到前所未有的发展，国民素质普遍提高，财政收入大幅度增加。
3.若有尚未进入英国市场的新商品也请示知，如可能，请寄样。
4.请勿在酒店内派送广告印刷品给其他客人。
5.可供选择的型号及尺寸是否齐全一所备的花色品种是否能满足各种不同的爱好？6.制定守则来指导推销员如何介绍产品。
7.现场销售广告包括店内横幅、橱窗招贴柜台卡片、货架卡片、标签传单及其他印刷品。
8.然而，自电视机问世以来，用无线电广播网播出广告的情况已经减少。
二、句子英译汉（本大题共7小题，每小题3分，共21分）请在答题卡上作答。
9. Please advise the credit to the beneficiary. We thank you for your assistance in the matter.10. DES11. CIP12. CPT13. Both parties shall abide by the contractual stipulations.14. This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and th Builder.15. All taxes and duties due afer the goods are on board of the carrying vessel and in connection with this contract shall be borne by the buyer.三、段落汉译英（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分请在答题卡上作答。
16.尽管做了种种努力来迎合公众的需要，但消费者的心理常常是变幻无常的。
南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
目 录2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）一、英汉互译1．ISO【答案】国际标准化组织2．document against acceptance【答案】承兑交单3．nuclear disarmament【答案】核裁军4．overhead pedestrian walk【答案】天桥5．US federal reserve system【答案】美国联邦储备系统6．alma mater【答案】母校7．leap year【答案】闰年8．plead innocent【答案】无罪答辩9．B/L【答案】海上运输提单10．WHO【答案】世界卫生组织11．紫外线【答案】ultraviolet ray12．食品添加剂【答案】food additives13．摩擦系数【答案】friction coefficient14．亚洲基础设施投资银行【答案】Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 15．驾驶证【答案】driver license16．民用工业【答案】civil industry17．农历【答案】lunar calendar18．常备军【答案】standing army19．大众传播【答案】Mass Communication20．室内装饰【答案】interior decoration二、段落翻译英译汉：关于戴安娜王妃的简略评价以及穿插了一点查尔斯王子的内容；汉译英：是散文，讲节日的真正含义（把平日因工作和利害关系而分开的人们重聚在一起享受真正的节日）。
暨南大学2013年《357英语翻译基础》考研专业课真题试卷
11. currency manipulator
12. International Translation Day
13. National Missile Defense
14. power abuse
15. US-Japan Security Treaty
Section B
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children belonging to
their parents. But nobody belongs to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself,
merchandize, can be stolen . Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing
damages for
of affections .
But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or
stolen. It is an act of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the
personality.
When a husband or wife is stolen by another person, that husband or wife was
complain, If I steal a nickel s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but
2013年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年北京外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．IAEA正确答案：国际原子能机构2．UNICEF正确答案：联合国儿童基金会3．Iron-deficiency anemia正确答案：缺铁性贫血4．sandwich generation正确答案：三明治一代5．hydrocarbon compounds正确答案：碳氢化合物6．eutrophication正确答案：富营养化7．wind turbine正确答案：风力发动机8．temperate ecosystems正确答案：温带生态系统9．depleted nuclear fuel正确答案：贫化铀10．genome正确答案：基因组11．nanotechnology正确答案：纳米技术12．marginal cost正确答案：边际成本13．discount market正确答案：贴现市场14．LDC正确答案：欠发达国家15．eye candy正确答案：华而不实汉译英16．页岩气正确答案：shale gas17．居家养老正确答案：home—based care for the aged18．参政议政正确答案：participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs 19．本币互换协议正确答案：bilateral currency swap agreement20．自主知识产权正确答案：intellectual property right21．存款准备金正确答案：deposit reserve22．专属经济区正确答案：exclusive economic zone23．文化逆差正确答案：cultural deficit24．光伏电池正确答案：photovoltaic cell25．装机容量正确答案：installed capacity26．差额选举正确答案：competitive election27．医药分开正确答案：separation of clinic from pharmacy 28．官二代正确答案：the children of powerful officials 29．屌丝正确答案：diors30．打酱油正确答案：it’s none of someone’s business 英汉互译英译汉31．The conifer hedges in front of J. K. Rowling’s seventeenth-century house, in Edinburgh, are about twenty feet tall. They reach higher than the street lamps in front of them, and evoke the entrance to the spiteful maze in the film adaptation of “Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, “ the fourth volume of her fantasy series. Rowling, who at forty-seven, is about to publish her first novel for adults—it is set in a contemporary Britain familiar with Jay-Z and online pornography, but is shaded with memories of her own, quite cheerless upbringing—lives here with her second husband, Neil Murray, a doctor, and their children. She has a reputation for reserve: for being likable but shy and thin-skinned, and not at all comfortable with the personal impact of having created a modern myth, sold four hundred and fifty million books, and inspired more than six hundred thousand pieces of Harry Potter fan fiction, a total that increases by at least a thousand stories a week.正确答案：J．K．罗琳住在爱丁堡一座十七世纪的房子里，周围满是针叶树，差不多6．1米高，比它们前面的街灯还要高，很容易让人想起罗琳第四部小说《哈利·波特与火焰杯》的改编电影中神秘莫测的学校入口。
2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1.bailout【答案】紧急救助2.Ground Zero【答案】“爆心投影点”组织3.clean energy【答案】清洁能源4.administrative transparency【答案】政务透明5.healthcare reform package【答案】医改方案fortable Housing Project【答案】安居工程7.proactive fiscal policy【答案】积极的财政政策8.home appliances going to the countryside 【答案】家电下乡9.administrative accountability【答案】行政问责制10.disaster relief【答案】赈灾;灾难援助11.top legislative body【答案】最高立法机关12.defense expenditure【答案】国防支出13.rural left-behind population【答案】农村留守人口14.minimum living standard【答案】低保15.Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach【答案】实事求是16.capacity for independent innovation【答案】自主创新能力17.the non-public sector of the economy【答案】非公有制经济18.the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents【答案】城乡居民基本生活保障制度19.the campaign to educate Party members in preserving/to retain their vanguard nature【答案】保持党员先进性教育活动20.the imbalance between urban and rural areas【答案】城乡发展不平衡二、将下列短语译成英语21.国有企业【答案】state-owned enterprise22.基本医疗体制【答案】basic medicine system23.扩大内需【答案】expand domestic demand24.政府工作报告【答案】Report on the Work of the Government25.基本医疗保险【答案】basic medical insurance26.全球变暖【答案】global warming27.社会福利制度【答案】social welfare system28.三险一金【答案】three insurances(endowment insurance，medical insurance，and unemployment insurance)and one fund(housing provident fund)29.气候变化【答案】climate change30.开幕式致辞【答案】opening speech31.党内民主【答案】inner-party democracy32.改革攻坚【答案】further reform in difficult areas 33.脱离实际、急于求成【答案】unrealistic pursuit of quick results34.诚信缺失【答案】lack of credibility35.和而不同【答案】harmony in diversity36.科学发展观【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development37.文化市场【答案】Cultural market38.文化扶贫计划【答案】Culture-aid Program39.事业编制【答案】staffing of government affiliated institutions40.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要【答案】the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development三、将下列短文译成汉语In the United States,imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up,and consumption is down.(41)The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous.Some important changes in U.S.energy use have occurred.(42)The price of oil has been decontrolled.the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filled,。
2013年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．Producer Price Index(PPI)正确答案：生产者物价指数2．Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)正确答案：政府间气候变化专门委员会3．cap and trade正确答案：限量及交易4．middle income trap正确答案：中等收入陷阱5．electoral college正确答案：选举团(各州选出总统与副总统的选举)6．glass ceiling正确答案：玻璃天花板7．Engle Coefficient正确答案：恩格尔系数汉译英8．停火协议正确答案：Cease-Fire Agreement9．摇摆州正确答案：swing state10．单位国内生产总值能源消耗正确答案：energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product11．扩大内需正确答案：to expand domestic demand12．高速铁路正确答案：high-speed railway13．转变经济发展方式正确答案：to transform the pattern of economic development14．资源节约型、环境友好型社会正确答案：a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society15．循环经济正确答案：recycling economy英汉互译英译汉16．As China’s economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. “Diving into the sea”of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1. 4m people will sit them, 20 times more than a decade ago. Of that number, only 20, 800 will be hired by government(millions more sit the equivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired). This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs—nearly 7m graduated this year, compared with 1. 5m a decade ago. It is also thanks to health, pension and(sometimes)housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in asociety with an underfunded safety net—a modern version of the unbreakable Maoist “ iron rice-bowl” of state employment.正确答案：过去三十年以来，随着中国经济的快速发展，越来越多的年轻人在求职时走向了私营企业。
北京科技大学2013年240单独考试英语 考研试卷
北京科技大学2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 240 试题名称单独考试英语（共 14 页）适用专业：全校各专业单独考试考生说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
============================================================================================================= Part I: Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Psychological studies show that some people are quick-tempered .A．at heart B. on purpose C. in person D. by nature2. If a person talks about his weak points，his listener is expected to say something in the way of .A．assures B. encouragement C. persuasion D. confirmation3. He was high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think to use the "scientific method" rather than teaching him the structure of the subject.A．put up with B. given way to C. fallen back on D. fed up with4. The film was 'Cezanne'，a 50-minute on the painter and his work.A．mediation B. medication C. meditation D. metrication5. You can't work for six hours without a single break ―it's impossible!A. continuouslyB. continuallyC. frequentlyD. often6. The humour of the play was too for the young audience and they rarely laughed.A. detailedB. feebleC. subtleD. slender7. It is well known that a child does not reach emotional security a good many years after physical maturity.A．for B. during C. as long as D. until8. Man's understanding and his mastering of matter and energy his claim to superiority；provide him with the basis for enriching and deepening human experience.A．designate B. deserve C. justify D. illustrate9. They to investigate the circumstances at the time of the accident and it is now too late to prove anything.A．ignored B. intended C. neglected D. disregarded10.People that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do theairliners of today.A. convincedB. anticipatedC. resolvedD. assuredSection BDirections: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word.11. She didn't openly attack the plan，but her opposition was implicit in her failure to say anythingin support of it.A．explicit B. obvious C. decisive D. underlying12. We will shortly be arriving in King's Cross Station. May I remind all passengers to take theirluggage with them.A．immediately B. directly C. soon D. later13. Act according to what the laws prescribe and you'll have no trouble.A．say B. impose C. decide D. define14.The matter has been gone into very thoroughly, and we find there are no grounds for theallegations.A. investigatedB. explainedC. describedD. stated15. The test comprises four sections，namely，Listening，Reading，V ocabulary and Compositionwith a time limit for each.A．consists of B. involves C. indicates D. composes of16. Being infamous for his dishonesty in business matters，the man had few friends.A．fresh B. immediate C. notorious D. famous17. Some people persist in the practice of some very old customs or traditions just because theyenjoy doing so.A．endure B. support C. stick to D. continue in18. Many local authorities realize the need to make provisions for elderly people in their housingprogrammes.A．assistance B. rooms C. conditions D. supplies19. He was very careful in whatever he did lest something unfavourable might be written into hisrecord.A．if only B. for fear that C. unless D. otherwise20. The story was given a prominent position in the front page.A．obvious B. clear C. apparent D. noticeablePart II Cloze Test(20 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases ____21____ the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be ____22____ in our past experience, which are brought into the present ____23____ memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep ____24____ available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change inthe way an animal typically behaves. Memory is ____25____ when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-ole child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory ____26____ not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer ____27____ that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 "words"--ready for ____28____ use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total ____29____ of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and ____30____ of words.21. A. of B. to C. for D. on22. A. keep B. found C. sought D. stored23. A. by B. from C. with D. in24. A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information25. A. called B. taken C. involved D. included26. A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems27. A. to B. with C. against D. for28. A. progressive B. instructive C. instant D. protective29. A. deal B. number C. mount D. amount30. A. combinations B. connections C. co-ordinations D. collectionsPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 40 points)Section A (30 points, 1.5 points each)Directions:In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage:The need for solar electricity is clear. It is safe, ecologically sound, efficient, continuouslyavailable, and it has no moving parts. The basic problem with the use of solar photovoltaic devices is economics, but until recently very little progress had been made toward the development of low-cost photovoltaic devices. The larger part of research funding has been devoted to study of single-crystal silicon solar cells, despite the evidence, including that of the leading manufacturers of crystalline silicon, that the technique holds little promise. The reason for this pattern is understandable and historical. Crystalline silicon is the active element in the very successful semiconductor industry, and virtually all of the solid state devices contain silicon transistors and diodes. Crystalline silicon, however, is particularly unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells.Crystalline silicon solar cells work well and are successfully used in the space program, where cost is not an issue. While single-crystal silicon has been proven in extraterrestrial use with efficiencies as high as 18 percent, and other more expensive and scare materials such as gallium arsenide can have even higher efficiencies, costs must be reduced by a factor of more than 100 to make them practical for commercial use. Besides the fact that the starting crystalline silicon is expensive, 95 percent of it is wasted and does not appear in the final device. Recently, there have been some imaginative attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon, which are lower in cost than high-quality single crystals; but to date the efficiencies of these apparently lower-cost arrays have been unacceptably small. Moreover, these materials are cheaper only because of the introduction of disordering in crystalline semiconductors, and disorder degrades the efficiency of crystalline solar cells.This dilemma can be avoided by preparing completely disordered or amorphous materials. Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials: that is, they have only short-range order rather than the long-range periodicity of crystals. The advantages of amorphous solar cells are impressive. Whereas crystals can be grown as wafers about four inches in diameter, amorphous materials can be grown over large areas in a single process. Whereas crystalline silicon must be made 200 microns thick to absorb a sufficient amount of sunlight for efficient energy conversion, only 1 micron of the proper amorphous materials is necessary. Crystalline silicon solar cells cost in excess of $100 per square foot, but amorphous films can be created at a cost of about 50 per square foot.Although many scientists were aware of the very low cost of amorphous solar cells, they felt that they could never be manufactured with the efficiencies necessary to contribute significantly to the demand for electric power. This was based on a misconception about the feature which determines efficiency. For example, it is not the conductivity of the materials in the dark which is relevant, but only the photoconductivity, that is, the conductivity in the presence of sunlight. Already, solar cells with efficiencies well above 6 percent have been developed using amorphous materials, and further research will doubtless find even less costly amorphous materials withhigher efficiencies.31. What's the major obstacle to the wide use of solar electricity?A. Solar photovoltaic devices are too expensive.B. Little research has been done to study solar cells.C. Solar electricity is neither safe nor efficient.D. The leading manufacturers only produce crystalline silicon for extraterrestrial use.32. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of crystalline silicon?A. It can be found in nearly all solid state devices in the form of transistors and diodes.B. It is successfully used in the space program with high efficiency.C. It is unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells as it is limited to military use.D. Its use is not economical with a high percentage wasted.33. The author's attitude toward attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon can best bedescribed as ________.A. enthusiasmB. optimismC. doubtD. disapproval34. In Para. 3, the author focuses primarily on ________.A. presenting two types of materials for solar cellsB. discussing the advantages of amorphous materials over crystalline siliconC. pointing out the feasibility of using amorphous materials in extraterrestrial programsD. outlining the specific reasons why a problem in solar cells has not yet been solved35. Which of the following was true of many scientists?A. They felt amorphous materials were too costly.B. They were doubtful whether they could develop amorphous solar cells with higherefficiencies.C. They realized that it was the conductivity in the presence of sunlight that was relevant toefficiency.D. They were optimistic about the future use of amorphous materials with higher efficiencies.Passage TwoQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passage:My hands are sweating, my face is breaking out, my heart is pounding, my temper is short. Am I having a heart attack? Am I having a nervous breakdown? No! Final exams are coming up and I am experiencing test anxiety.Is test anxiety destructive? Can we make test anxiety work for us? The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance.The good side of test anxiety is that it causes us to attend to the problem. It motivates us to want to study and prepare for the exam. Without this catalyst we might never be concerned about preparing for a test. Thus, a little anxiousness shouldn't worry you. Those of us who speak publicly know that a few butterflies in the stomach just prior to a speech means that we will probably do a good job, that we will focus on our speech and block out extraneous material.However, when stress interferes with your ability to concentrate, then it has reached the destructive state. In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and knowledge. These two factors go hand in hand. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test can reduce anxiety during the test.36. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of test anxiety?A. Hands are sweating.B. Face is breaking out.C. Heart is pounding.D. Heart attack.37. According to the passage, test anxiety can benefit us in all of the following ways except thatit________.A. motivates us to make good preparation for the testB. helps us to concentrateC. can ensure us a good score in the testD. can help improve performance if channeled correctly38. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the relationship between test anxiety and confidence and knowledge?A. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability tosucceed will increase.B. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down.C. As your anxiety increases, your knowledge will increase more efficiently.D. Both A) and B)39. What might be discussed in the following part of the article?A. Some specific recommendations for reducing test anxietyB. The negative effects of anxiety on students who take testsC. only poor students have the problem of test anxietyD. only if you are hard-working, you will not have the problem of test anxiety40. What is the best title for the passage?A. How to prepare tests?B. Knowledge and preparation for testsC. Test Anxiety: Friend or Foe?D. Is test anxiety destructive?Passage ThreeQuestions 41-45 are based on the following passage:Like her white friends Eleanor Roosevelt and Aubrey Williams, Mary Bethune believed in the fundamental commitment of the New Deal to assist the black American's struggle and in the need for blacks to assume responsibilities to help win that struggle. Unlike those of her white liberal associates, however, Bethune's ideas had evolved out of a long experience as a "race leader." Founder of a small black college in Florida, she had become widely known by 1935 as an organizer of black women's groups and as a civil and political rights activist. Deeply religious, certain of her own capabilities, she held a relatively uncluttered view of what she felt were the New Deal's and her own people's obligations to the cause of racial justice. Unafraid to speak her mind to powerful whites, including the President, or to differing black factions, she combined faith in the ultimate willingness of whites to discard their prejudice and bigotry with a strong sense of racial pride and commitment to Negro self-help.More than her liberal white friends, Bethune argued for a strong and direct black voice in initiating and shaping government policy. She pursued this in her conversations with PresidentRoosevelt, in numerous memoranda to Aubrey Williams, and in her administrative work as head of the National Youth Administration's Office of Negro Affairs. With the assistance of Williams, she was successful in having blacks selected to NY A posts at the national, state, and local levels. But she also wanted a black presence throughout the federal government. At the beginning of the war she joined other black leaders in demanding appointments to the Selective Service Board and to the Department of the Army; and she was instrumental in 1941 in securing Earl Dickerson's membership on the Fair Employment Practices Committee. By 1944, she was still making appeals for black representation "all public programs, federal, state, and local," and "in policy-making posts as well as rank and file jobs."Though recognizing the weakness in the Roosevelt administration's response to Negro needs, Mary Bethune remained in essence a black partisan champion of the New Deal during the 1930s and 1940s. Her strong advocacy of administration policies and programs was predicated on a number of factors: her assessment of the low status of black Americans during the Depression; her faith in the willingness of some liberal whites to work for the inclusion of blacks in the government's reform and recovery measures; her conviction that only massive federal aid could elevate the Negro economically; and her belief that the thirties and forties were producing a more self-aware and self-assured black population. Like a number of her white friends in government, Bethune assumed that the preservation of democracy and black people's "full integration into the benefits and the responsibilities" of American life were inextricably tied together. She was convinced that, with the help of a friendly government, a militant, aggressive "New Negro "would emerge out of the devastation of depression and war, a "New Negro" who would "save America from itself," who would lead America toward the full realization of its democratic ideas.41. What was the common belief held by Mary Bethune and her white friends?A. For blacks who wanted to achieve equality there was a long way to go.B. It was the responsibility of both government and blacks to fight for racial justice.C. Racial prejudice was too deep-rooted to overcome.D. It was the cause of blacks to struggle for equal rights.42. Which of the following was true of Mary Bethune?A. She graduated from a small black college in Florida.B. She founded a black women's group in 1935.C. She was active in civil and political rights movement.D. She was unwilling to express her views directly to powerful whites.43. Bethune talked to President Roosevelt and wrote countless letters to Aubrey William in orderto ________.A. have blacks selected to important government postsB. let them hear direct black voiceC. be appointed to the Department of the ArmyD. appeal to them to support her campaign44. The word "instrumental" (Line 8, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to ________.A. insistentB. inspirationalC. importantD. intelligent45. What was Mary Bethune's response when she realized the Roosevelt administration didn't takestrong actions to improve the Blacks' conditions?A. She lost hope in the New Deal and began to attack it.B. She continued to support the New Deal so as to win its help in return.C. She looked forward to a more friendly white government.D. She believed only a militant, aggressive black government could save blacks.Passage FourQuestions 46-50 are based on the following passage:The exclusive emphasis on economics is yielding to an appreciation of politics. After all, before free market can thrive you need political stability. Technology is still seen as a powerful tool, but one that can have harmful as well as beneficial consequences (as Osama bin Laden has brutally shown). Most important, the global trading system is becoming more democratic, with countries like India, China and Brazil demanding a voice in the shape of trade negotiations. This too could be for the best. If a few concessions and delays mean that the free-trade system will have greater legitimacy in the developing world, it is a price well worth paying.Even September 11 could be even more beneficial. In the past four months the world has seen what American political leadership and power can do when it is ambitious, energetic and internationally minded. It is time for American economic leadership to be similarly active and visionary. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill's speech at the forum was an interesting beginning. O'Neill talked about changing the loans-and-grants system to developing countries to help them help themselves. He talked about insisting on internal legal and political reforms. He pointed out that foreign aid rarely works. His critiques of the current system was sharp, but anyone cancriticize. The point is to fix things. He should take this opportunity to present a series of broad American initiatives that would broaden and deepen globalization.Washington should lead the developed world by responding to the legitimate demands of the developing world on trade-that means agriculture and anti-dumping. Hormats argues for a reform of the major international economic groups and institutions. A new system of effective foreign aid could have massive economic and political benefits for the whole world.In the wake of World War II, the Truman administration set up the global economic institutions that have secured and steered the world economy ever since. Throughout the cold war, America pushed for free trade as part of an overall strategy to combat communism and shore up the free world. Making globalization work better and for more people is not simply smart economics. It is a vital part of a new national-security strategy for America.46. Which of the following is more emphasized now after September 11?A. Domestic economy.B. Politics.C. National Security.D. Global unity in fighting terrorism.47. What does Hormats argue for?A. The developing countries have to help themselves.B. A new system of effective foreign aids will work well.C. The USA pushed and will push free trade world widely to combat communism.D. The foreign aids rarely work.48. What makes the author's opinion different from O'Neill's?A. The author thought that O'Neill's talk was not to the point.B. The author didn't like the talker personally.C. O'Neill should have presented what to do to improve the economic globalization.D. The author thought what O'Neill said was precise, but not workable.49. What does the author intend to say through the last paragraph?A. The Americans should follow Truman's global economic policy.B. The author suggests that the USA should have done more.C. The USA should pursue to combat the communism in economic competition.D. The Americans may live in luxurious and quiet surroundings under the conditions of theglobalization.50. The topic that best fits the passage is ___________.A. The National Security Strategy of the USAB. The Globalization of Economy and National Security Strategy of the USAC. The World Economic ForumD. International Economic GlobalizationSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: Read the following passage and complete the sentences with the information from the passage in NO MORE THAN 10 words for each sentence.Starting to write is like setting out on a sea voyage. You experience certain queasiness until you get your sea legs. To get your sea legs in writing, you need a firm grasp on what you hope to accomplish in the work you plan to write. In other words, you need to discover your purpose before you can begin to write effectively. As self-evident as finding your purpose would seem to be, it is easily overlooked. Although writing is a major part of my professional life, I find I often set out to write without thinking about my purpose at all. But then, when I become queasy, I say to myself, "Just what is it I really want to do here? What do I really want to say?" In answering these questions I usually manage to get the project launched; and so the technique of asking yourself such questions is one I heartily recommend to you.Answering "What do I really want to do?" requires deciding exactly what response you want your words and ideas to evoke in those who will read them. For instance, you might want a business letter to move your correspondent to offer a job interview, or an essay to dazzle your history professor into giving you an "A". More often your aim will be less personal: you want your reader to understand your subject and to find your approach to it acceptable.In all your planning, writing, and revising, your first consideration should be how your words will affect your readers. To find out, put yourself in their place-be your own reader-and think how the words would affect you. Convincing and satisfying your readers is the whole point of writing effectively.Answering the question "What do I really want to say?" pinpoints the matter you want your readers to understand, the idea you want to convince them is valid or worth their while. In expository writing, discovering what you want to say involves finding your thesis and the means to support it. The thesis is the heart of expository writing.Although you may find the term "expository writing" unfamiliar, it describes the most familiar of all writing. It is the sort of writing found in textbooks and other works of nonfiction, in magazines, in many newspaper articles, the type of writing you are called upon to produce for college exams and business reports, the workaday, useful writing that makes the world's intellectual wheels to go around. With expository writing you expound, explain, and set forth information and ideas. It is distinguished from narrative writing, the other major type of prose, by its organization. Narrative writing, which tells a story, is structured chronologically: "and then this happened, and then that happened." Expository writing, which makes a statement, is organized to start its point, its thesis, most effectively.The essence of what you mean to get across in a given work is called the thesis. It summarizes what your reader should come to believe. It is also the organizational focus of expository writing. Conventionally, some statement of the thesis is placed toward the end of the introductory portion of a piece of expository prose and/ or somewhere in the concluding segment. Sometimes the thesis is not stated in so many words, and occasionally it is only implied; but there can be no good expository writing without it. Without a thesis, expository writing is, literally, pointless.51. What is often overlooked by people when they start to write?52. According to the passage, what is your first consideration in your writing process?53. What is the most important part of expository writing?54. What is the difference between expository writing and narrative writing?55. What is the thesis in expository writing?Part IV Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )Section ADirections:Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.The Olympic Games are a display of international goodwill. The ceremonies, with their emphasis upon both nationalism and internationalism, are a thrilling sight to see. At the start, the king or president of the country in which the Olympic Games are being held is presented. The national anthem of his country is sung. Then follows a parade of all the contestants, each bearing his country's flag and shield. This march is accompanied by a fanfare of trumpets. When the Olympic flag is raised, guns fire a salute. Doves, symbols of peace, are released. Finally the sacred fire is lit. The Olympic flame is set alight by a torch that has been carried by relay runners all the way from。
2013年北京科技大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题
2013年北京科技大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 名词解释5. 应用文写作8. 命题作文名词解释1．外交部举行例行记者会，外交部发言人华春莹指出，《开罗宣言》和《波茨坦公告》是同盟国与日本之间结束战争状态、构建亚太战后国际秩序的法律基础，是中日之间解决战后领土归属问题的法律基础。
而日方依据所谓的《旧金山和约》主张对钓鱼岛主权，在法理上是完全站不住脚的。
中国被排除在旧金山和会之外，不是《旧金山和约》的缔约国，因此，《旧金山和约》对中国没有约束力，根本不是中日双方解决战后领土归属问题的法律基础。
(语料来源：中国网，2012年11月22日电讯)正确答案：《旧金山和约》：即旧金山对日和平条约，由第二次世界大战的48个战胜国与战败国日本于1951年9月8日在美国旧金山所签订的条约，并于1952年4月28日正式生效。
该合约主要是为了解决第二次世界大战后战败国日本的领土及国际地位问题。
《旧金山和约》是身为战败国的日本确立战后再次崛起和确立国家走向的决定性合约。
2．“刚开始并不清楚什么是私募，只是相信政府支持的总是没错。
而且投资公司个个都看起来实力雄厚，才让越来越多的人做起了致富的美梦。
”陈烨告诉记者。
他所参与的盛华投资就是其中一家看起来很美的“私募公司”。
(语料来源：《法制周末》，2012年8月09日)正确答案：私募：即英文private placement，是相对于公募(public offering)而言的。
私募是指向小规模数量合格投资者(通常35位以下)出售股票。
投资者要签署一份投资书以声明购买目的是投资而不是为了再次出售。
3．受欧债危机影响，世界光伏市场随之萎缩，在企业蜂拥而至的倒闭潮中，欧美光伏企业不约而同地将责难抛向中国企业，美国和欧盟相继启动了针对中国企业的双反调查。
当地时间11月7日，美国国际贸易委员会认定从中国进口的晶体硅光伏电池及组件实质性损害了美国相关产业，美国将对从中国进口的太阳能板与太阳能电池产品征收34％至47％的关税。
西南科技大学《357英语翻译基础》考研专业课真题试卷
海天课堂中国考研专业课辅导知名品牌
西南科技大学考研专业课真题试卷
357英语翻译基础
2011年《357英语翻译基础（A卷）》专业课真题试卷
2011年《357英语翻译基础（B卷）》专业课真题试卷
2012年《357英语翻译基础（A卷）》专业课真题试卷
2012年《357英语翻译基础（B卷）》专业课真题试卷
2013年《357英语翻译基础（A卷）》专业课真题试卷
2014年《357英语翻译基础（A卷）》专业课真题试卷
2014年《357英语翻译基础（B卷）》专业课真题试卷
2015年《357英语翻译基础》专业课真题试卷
2016年《357英语翻译基础》专业课真题试卷
2017年《357英语翻译基础》专业课真题试卷
2018年《357英语翻译基础》专业课真题试卷
2019年《357英语翻译基础》专业课真题试卷
2020年《357英语翻译基础》专业课真题试卷。
2013年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列缩略语、习语、术语和专有名词译成汉语，缩略形式还需写出英语全文。
（15分）1. GPS【答案】全球定位系统（Global Positioning System）2. SOHO【答案】家具办公（Small Office Home Office）3. APEC【答案】亚太经济合作组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)4. IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency）5. to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst【答案】比上不足，比下有余。
6. Rob Peter to pay Paul.【答案】拆东墙补西墙。
7. Everything comes to him who waits.【答案】坚持就是胜利。
8. Life begins at forty.【答案】四十不惑。
9. Truth will come to light sooner or later.【答案】纸包不住火。
10. Bit Error Rate【答案】误码率11. VPN【答案】虚拟专用网络（Virtual Private Network）12. RFID【答案】射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification)13. CCPIT【答案】中国国际贸易促进委员会（China Council for the Promotion of International Trade）14. ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)15. Arbitration clause【答案】仲裁条款二、将下列汉语译成英语，译成缩略语的需要写出缩略语英语全文。
13年考研英语真题答案
13年考研英语真题答案2013年考研英语真题是考察考生在英语语言能力方面的综合素养和应试能力。
以下是2013年考研英语真题的详细答案及解析。
Section I Use of English1. C) specifying2. D) have not been3. B) with4. A) reciprocal5. C) advocate6. B)account for7. A) certainty8. D) significance9. C) means10. B) engaged11. A) desperate12. D) implies13. B) exaggerated14. A)ok15. D) provides16. C) sophisticated17. B) satisfying18. D) consequence19. B) consistently20. C) observationsSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21. D) the preservation of minority languages22. C) their theory of evolution23. A) they are being eroded at an alarming rate24. D) It had different implications for different countries.25. B) In the face of population pressure, languages are generally crushed to death by dominant ones.26. C) are rapidly replacing smaller languages, leading to a decrease in linguistic diversity.27. A) They are doomed to extinction because of economic and technical considerations.28. B) Language preservation is important for maintaining the cultural diversity of our planet.29. D) Alejandro Flakier and David Harrison advocate a more flexible approach.30. D) It is necessary to document languages as fully as possible before they disappear.Part B31. B) evidence32. A) span33. D) advocate34. C) counterpart35. D) unconventional36. B) tackling37. A) grain38. C) practical39. B) concern40. D) demonstrationSection III Translation41. Timely and available information is the key to effective decision-making.42. No matter how wealthy and successful he becomes, he always stays humble.43. The company has taken measures to address the issue of employee satisfaction.44. Due to the heavy rain, the match was postponed until the following week.45. It is important to establish a good working relationship with your colleagues.Section IV Writing参考范文：Title: The Importance of Critical Thinking in University EducationIn recent years, critical thinking has emerged as an essential skill that universities aim to cultivate in their students. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of critical thinking in university education and explore its benefits in academic, professional, and personal contexts.First and foremost, critical thinking is crucial in academic settings as it allows students to analyze and evaluate information effectively. By questioning the credibility and reliability of sources, students can develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter and avoid misinformation. Additionally, critical thinking promotes independent and innovative thought, encouraging students to challenge existing theories and develop new perspectives.Furthermore, critical thinking is invaluable in professional settings. Employers seek individuals who can assess complex situations, make informed decisions, and solve problems creatively. By honing their criticalthinking skills, university students gain a competitive advantage in the job market. They are better equipped to navigate challenges and contribute fresh ideas to their organizations.Moreover, critical thinking has significant personal benefits. It enables individuals to think and reason logically, enhancing their decision-making abilities in everyday life. Critical thinkers are more likely to make sound choices based on evidence and consider the potential consequences of their actions. This skill is particularly useful in today's information-driven society, where individuals are constantly confronted with a myriad of choices and opinions.In conclusion, critical thinking plays a fundamental role in university education. It empowers students to analyze information, question assumptions, and develop independent thought. The benefits of critical thinking extend beyond academia, as it equips individuals with skills that are highly sought after in the professional world and essential for making informed decisions in personal life. Therefore, universities should continue to emphasize the development of critical thinking skills among their students.Word count: 514。
(NEW)北京交通大学语言与传播学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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目 录2012年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解（完整回忆版）2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2012年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解（完整回忆版）Part A Terminology and phrase translationSection One: Translate the following translation-related terms into Chinese (15 points, 1 point each)1．Applied translation studies【答案】应用翻译研究2．Back translation【答案】回译3．Bilateral interpreting【答案】双边传译4．Communicative translation【答案】交际传译5．Stylistic translation【答案】文体翻译6．Contextual consistency【答案】语境一致7．Corpora【答案】语料库8．Covert translation【答案】隐性翻译9．Domesticating translation【答案】归化翻译10．Foreignizing translation【答案】异化翻译11．Free translation【答案】意译12．Literal translation【答案】直译13．Pragmatic translation【答案】实用翻译14．Source text【答案】原作15．Spark Program【答案】星火计划Section Two: Translate the following terms or phrases into English (15 points, 1 point each)1．高架铁路【答案】aerial rail way2．市区铁路【答案】urban railway3．铁路网【答案】railway network4．铁路运输【答案】railway transportation5．往返票【答案】round-trip ticket6．站台票【答案】platform-ticket7．客车站【答案】passenger station8．列车时刻表【答案】train schedule9．环形路线【答案】ring circuit10．换乘站【答案】transfer station11．土地承载能力【答案】land carrying capacity; land bearing capacity12．小产权房【答案】limited property house; houses with limited property rights 13．土豪【答案】Tu-hao; upstart; local tyrant14．胶原蛋白【答案】collagen15．经济适用男【答案】budget husband; economical and applicable manPart B Translation between English and Chinese.(60 points)Section A English to Chinese Translation (20 points for each passage) Passage 1China National Coal Industry Imp. & Exp. Corp. (CNCIEC) is a national mainstay enterprise in China’s coal industry specializing in foreign trade and economic cooperation. With a comprehensive advantage of combination of industry, technology and trade, CNCIEC is authorized to import and export coal in a unified way for China. Besides import and export of coal mining technology, machinery, electrical equipment and other mineral products, its business scope covers coalmine development and cooperation at home and abroad, international engineering projects and manpower supply for overseas projects and works. Abiding by the enterprise principle of “high prestige through quality products and service”, CNCIEC awaits with great enthusiasm people from all walks of life both at home and abroad coming for talks over business, investment, technical and economic cooperation.【参考译文】中国煤炭工业进出口总公司，简称中煤总公司，是中国煤炭行业从事对外经济和贸易的全国性专业化公司。