健康心理学HealthyPsychology2016.12

Study Guide for Health Psychology中英翻译版1. health psychology 健康心理学understanding psychological influences（心理影响）on①how people stay（keep）healthyhow to 保持健康②why they become ill为何生病③how they respond when they get ill生病时的反应2. health 健康①Not only have no disease or be not weak没病或不虚弱②also should have a complete state of physical（body）、mental（soul）、social well-being完整身、心、社会适应3.What are the four factors led to the development of Health Psychology? 四因素①changing pattern of illness疾病不断发展变化②the increase in medical costs医疗费用上涨③the changing definition of health健康定义的变化④the put forward of the BPS modelBPS模型的提出4.The mind-body relationship 心身关系①the relationship between a human body and its unique mind.身体和独特心灵的关系②can be divided into two: Monistic and Dualistic theories单一理论双重理论5. Psychosomatic medicine 心身医学①The field of inquiry t hat searches for psychological or emotional causes for illness. 调查领域研究心理、情绪因素引起疾病②The mind plays an important role in physical illness心理因素在身体疾病中起重要作用③bodily disorders caused by emotional conflicts：情绪冲突引起的身体疾病1）Ulcers 溃疡2）essential hypertension 原发性高血压3）Skin disorders 皮肤病4）Asthma 哮喘6.Biopsychosocial model BPS模型1）Its assumption is that health and illness are the results of the interplay of①biologicalGender（性别）、Age（年龄）、Vulnerability to stress（压力的脆弱性）Genetics（遗传）、Physiology（生理机能）、Immune system（免疫系统）、Nutrition（营养）、Medications（药物）②psychologicalPersonality（人格）、Personal control 、Stress（压力）、Coping skills（应对技能）、Diet （饮食）、Risky behaviors（危险行为）Self-efficacy（自我效能感）、Optimistic bias（乐观偏差）③social factorsSocial support、Poverty（贫穷）Ethnic background（种族背景）、Cultural beliefs（文化信仰）2）Advantages of BPS model：模型优点①Health and illness are caused by multiple（many）factors and produce multiple effects.②Emphasizes both health and illness.强调健康与疾病③Mind and body cannot be distinguished.身心不分3）Clinical implications(临床意义) of BPS model ：1）Diagnosis:consider the interacting role of biological, psychological, and social factors in assessing one’s health and illness.诊断：考虑（生物、心理、社会）交互作用在评估个体健康/疾病时2）Treatment: examine these three factors治疗：检查三组因素3）The significance of the relationship between patient and practitioner（doctor）医患关系的意义7.seven health practices 健康行为①sleeping 7~8 hours daily睡7~8小时②eating breakfast every day每天吃早饭③never or rarely eating between meals餐间不吃零食④being at or near the right height adjusted weight处于或接近标准体重范围⑤never smoking不抽烟⑥moderate or never drinking适度或不饮酒⑦regular exercise规律锻炼8.The Health Belief Model（HBM）1）HBM is a value-expectancy theory.是一个价值预期理论2）It's a theory about healthy behavior.与健康行为有关the model predicts that whether a person practices（do）a particular health habit can be understood by knowing模型预测一个人是否实践特定健康行为可以从了解他①the degree to which the person think a personal health threat对个人健康威胁程度的看法②（if）he think a（the）particular health practice will be effective（起作用）in reducing that threat.他认为该特定行为是否对减小风险有效3）This theory based on these assumptions:基于以下假设①People desire to avoid illness or get well人们想避免生病或康复②People believe that they can do a specific health action to prevent（avoid）（he or she from）illness人们相信他们能做某一具体健康行动来预防疾病9.What are health behaviors? 健康行为behaviors undertaken by people to enhance or maintain their health.10.Healthy and unhealthy belief不干不净，吃了没病。

饭后一颗烟，赛过活神仙。

饭后百步走，活到九十九。

11.Theory of Planned Behavior 计划行为理论1）this viewpoint maintains that a person’s behavioral intentions and behaviors can be understood by knowing该观点认为一个人的行为倾向和行为可以通过了解①the person’s attitudes about the behaviorOne’s positive or negative evaluation of performing a behavior态度：对一个行为积极/消极的评价②subjective norms about the behaviorOne’s perception of the social pressures to perform or not perform a behavior主观规范：对执行/不执行的社会压力感知③perceived behavioral control over that actionpeople's perceptions of their ability to perform a given behavior.知觉行为控制：对执行行为的能力的感知2）Relationship analysis关系分析intention: an indication of a person's willing to perform a given behavior；意图：表明一个人愿意执行某行为the immediate cause of behavior.行为的直接原因based on①attitudes ②subjective norms ③perceived behavioral control基于①②③12.Transtheoretical model of behavior change 行为改变的跨理论模型1）Precontemplation（意图）①No intention to change behavior in the foreseeable future (next 6 months).近期没有改变意愿（6个月内）②Includes people who are unaware of the problem and those who know about the problem but are not considering change.包括没有意识到问题和意识到但是不打算改变的人e.g.:I have no plans to change my diet.2）Contemplation（沉思）①People are aware that a problem exists and are seriously thinking about overcoming it but have not yet made a firm commitment to take action.意识到问题存在，认真思考克服。