Period 3 Grammar 课件

Unit5 First Aid
Grammar
新课导入省略的目的，让学生自己去发现省略 的句子成分，然后后逐步讲解每一种省略的用法。 本课主要涉及到了三大类型的省略句型，即简 单句，并列句复合句。简单句的省略，主要是用在 情景对话里面，也是最简单的一种，没有作太多的 扩展。并列句是最好辨别的，主要省略前后句中的 相同成分。 本课件对复合句和其他特殊情况的省略 也作了详细的阐述，特别是that在多个宾语从句中 的省略和不定式to的省略，这些都是高考中的热点 和重点。最后部分顺便把英语里的替代部分 拿过来 和前面的省略作对比。Discussion 和rewrite又进一 步的加强了学生对省略的理解和运用。
1.省略主语:祈使句中的主语通常被省略;其他 省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法.
(1) (You) Come in, please.
(2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (I) Thank you for your help.
(4) (I) Beg your pardon.
(5) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可 不带。 What we can do now is (to) wait. (6) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to 可带可不带。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment.
1. Jack loves nature more than his wife.
Jack loves nature more than he loves his wife.
Jack loves nature more than his wife loves nature.
2. John understood himself better than Peter.
2.省略主语或谓语的一部分
(1) (There is) No smoking. (2) (Will you) Have a smoke?
(3) Why (do you) not say hello to him?
(4) How (do you think) about a cup of tea? (5) (You come) this way, please.
并列句中的省略
两个并列分句中，后一分句常省略与前一分句 中相同的部分．
(1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school (3) Lin’s father was not at home, but his mother was (at home).
Ellipsis (省略）
为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句 中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法 现象称为省略。
Examples Serves you right. Anything the matter? Are you ready? Yes, I am. We have to analyze and solve problems.
3.省略宾语:可省略宾语的全部；可省略作宾 语的动词不定式,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动 词be或完成时态,则须在to后加上be或have．
(1) ---Do you know Miss Hu? ---I don’t know (her). (2) Don’t touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch). (3) ---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I want to be (a teacher). (4) ---He hasn’t finished the task. ---Well, he ought to have (finish it).
I will help (to) do it for you.
I will help you (to) do it.
（3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to.
The boy did nothing but play.
(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等）后面作宾语 补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复 原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.
John understood himself better than Peter understood John.
John understood himself better than Peter understood himself.
3. Max phoned his mother and Oscar did too.
night. (2) As (he was) a child, he lived in India. (3) If (you are) asked you may come in. (4) If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
(5) Though (he is) young, he knows a lot.
但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。
She found him to be dishonest.
4.连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但要将后 面的should，were，had提到主语的前面. (1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better.
(6) He opened his lips as if (he were) to say something.
3.不定式符号to的省略
(1)并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.
(2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符 号to可带可不带.
省略部分
主语It
谓语 is
表语 ready 宾语problems 定语 of the money 状语 even
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.
The wisest man cannot know everything.
简单句中的省略
(3）Should there be a flood, what should we do?
替代
(一)so和not作替代词,代替被省略的某个词(组)或句子， 一般同表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be afraid， believe，become，all，do，expect，fear，hope，Imagine, say, see, speak, suppose, think等的宾语。 Not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps，probably， absolutely等副词后 E.g.: She was not angry at first, but became so （=angry）after a while. —Is he the best student in the class ? —I think so(=He is the best student in the class). —I think not(=He is not the best student in the class).
The book (that) I borrowed yesterday was hers.
2.在某些状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语 一致或者从句主语为it，且从句谓语部分有be动 词时,可省去“主语+be”部分
(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and
Max phoned his mother and Oscar phoned Max’s mother too. Max phoned Max’s mother and Oscar phoned Oscar’s mother.
4. I relied on you more than Roger.
I relied on you more than Roger relied on you. I relied on you more than I relied on Roger.
3.主句与从句各有一些成分被省略
The sooner (you do it) , the better hat省略
(1)宾语从句中常省略that,但多个宾语从句并列时, 通常只省略第一个that He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. (2)在定语从句中that在作宾语时才能省略
3. Why don’t you get some knowledge of first aid? Why not get some knowledge of first aid? 4. If it is necessary, send me an email with the details. If necessary, send me an email with the details. 5. When he was asked why he was late for class, he remained silent. When asked why he was late for class, he remained silent.