小学英语语法大全

教育精品资料小学语法大全巧记lie和lay躺lie,lay,lain,lie in bed again;撒谎lie,lied,lied,don't be a liar;产蛋lay,laid,laid,a hen laid an egg;放置A boy picked it up, and laid it in the bag.时态一般过去时一般过去时主要用于：1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)e.g. When did you read the novel?She often came to help us in those days.2 、谈到过去的情况时e.g. I didn`t know you were so busy.3 、谈到已死人的情况时e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.与这个时态连用的时间状语常有：yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间。

现在完成时现在完成时主要用于：1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况，即多次动作的总和。

e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month.How many times have you read the novel?For many days we haven`t seen each other.2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。

e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里)Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。

与这一时态连用的时间状语有：already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end ofthis month, since, for 短语，连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时：重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。

现在完成时：只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响，不说明动作发生时的具体情况。

cf. Have you had your lunch?What did you have for lunch?I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with myfather.注：现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性，故下面一句是错的：Have you seen the six thirty`s news program?应改为：Did you see the six thirty`s news program?过去完成时1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态，表示过去的过去，只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。

e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.注：主从句表达的动作紧接时，即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时，主从句都可用一般过去时。

e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。

e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four booksBy eight o`clock, he had finished his homework.与这个时态连用的时间状语常有：by 1985, by eight o`clock, by then, by the end of last month, by thetime when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作结束的时间。

过去进行时过去进行时主要用于：表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。

e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那时她在解放军某部工作。

What were you doing this time yesterday?与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。

用when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。

e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.注：1 、while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时，从句常用过去进行时。

e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.2 、when 用作并列连词，意为"这时"，连接两分句时，第一句多用过去进行时。

e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时：强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。

过去进行时：强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。

试区别下面两句：We were building a reservoir last winter.去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。

(可能尚未建成) We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。

(已经建成)倒装倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。

此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, li e, run。

There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes. Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。

如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。

Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1) Why can't I smoke here?At no time___ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。

当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。

这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。

本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2) Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A. man did knowB. man knowC. didn't man knowD. did man kn ow答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。

改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

以否定词开头作部分倒装如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game beganB. has the game begunC. did the game beginD. had the game begun答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。

这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly…when scarcely…when 等等。