Water transport study across commercial ion exchange membranes in the vanadium redox flow battery
考研英语2020第五篇
考研英语2020第五篇
【提纲】
一、引言
A.水资源的重要性
B.水资源的现状与挑战
二、水资源的分布
A.地球上的水资源总量
B.淡水资源的分布
C.咸水资源的分布
三、水资源的利用
A.农业用水
1.灌溉系统的改进
2.滴灌技术的应用
B.工业用水
1.水资源在工业生产中的作用
2.工业废水处理技术的发展
C.生活用水
1.城市用水需求的增长
2.节约用水的方法与措施
四、水资源的保护与可持续发展
A.水资源的污染源
1.工业污染
2.农业污染
3.生活污染
B.水资源保护的措施
1.污水处理与排放标准的提高
2.水资源保护区设立与管理
C.可持续发展战略在水资源管理中的应用
1.水资源利用的合理规划
2.水资源调配工程的建设
五、结论
A.水资源的重要性和现状
B.水资源保护与可持续发展的必要性
C.全社会共同参与水资源保护的呼吁。
国际水资源管理危机英语作文
国际水资源管理危机英语作文英文回答：Water is a vital resource for human life and socio-economic development. However, it is becoming increasingly scarce due to a number of factors, including climate change, population growth, and pollution. This scarcity is leadingto a number of crises, including water shortages, water quality degradation, and water-related conflicts.One of the most pressing water crises is the lack of access to safe drinking water. According to the WorldHealth Organization, over 2 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water. This lack of access can lead to a number of health problems, including diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid fever.Another major water crisis is the degradation of water quality. Pollution from industrial, agricultural, and household sources is contaminating water bodies and makingthem unsafe for drinking, bathing, and fishing. This pollution can also damage ecosystems and harm aquatic life.Water scarcity and water quality degradation are also leading to water-related conflicts. Governments, communities, and businesses are competing for access to water resources, and this competition can sometimes lead to violence.The international community is working to address these water crises. The United Nations has adopted a number of resolutions on water, and there are a number of international organizations that are working to improve water management. However, much more needs to be done to ensure that everyone has access to safe water and that water resources are managed sustainably.中文回答：国际水资源管理危机。
托福阅读真题第4篇The_Bri...
托福阅读真题第4篇The_Bri...英国经济在 18 世纪显着扩张，尤其是随着工厂制造业的发展。
到本世纪中叶，它开始改变英国北部的景观。
“从制造商的建立开始，我们看到小村庄膨胀成村庄。
村庄膨胀成城镇。
”一位1770 年代的绅士惊呼道。
制成品的产量在本世纪下半叶翻了一番。
棉花制造业一马当先：从 1750 年到 1770 年，英国棉花出口翻了一番。
铁的生产紧随其后，还有羊毛和羊毛织物、亚麻、丝绸、铜、纸、餐具和蓬勃发展的建筑行业。
煤炭代替木材作为燃料。
espite its relatively small size, ritain had significant economic advantages over the other nations of Europe, helping to explain why the manufacturing revolution began in ritain. Unlike the German or Italian states, ritain was unified politically. People living in England spoke basically the same language. France and the Italian and German states still had internal tariffs that made trade more costly. whereas in ritain there were no internal tariffs once the union between England and Scotland had been achieved in 1707, creating Great ritain. The system of weights and measures in ritain had largely been standardized. Indeed, Great ritain was by far the wealthiest nation in the world. colonies in faraway parts of the world provided raw materials for manufacturing and markets for goods produced in ritain; for example, the amount of raw cotton imported from India increased by twenty times from 1750 to1800.英格兰稳定的银行业和信贷安排也促进了农业和商业利润在制造业中的再投资，从而增强了英格兰的优势。
行水体作文英语
行水体作文英语Water travel has been a fundamental aspect of human civilization for centuries. From the earliest days of exploration and discovery to the modern era of leisure and tourism, the ability to traverse bodies of water has played a crucial role in shaping the course of history and the development of human societies. Whether it be the vast oceans that have connected distant lands or the intricate network of rivers and canals that have facilitated the movement of goods and people, water travel has been a constant and indispensable part of the human experience.One of the most significant aspects of water travel is its ability to connect disparate regions and cultures. Throughout history, seafaring vessels have served as the primary means of communication and exchange between distant civilizations, allowing for the spread of ideas, technologies, and cultural practices. The ancient Phoenicians, for instance, were renowned for their maritime prowess, using their ships to establish trade routes that spanned the Mediterranean and beyond. Similarly, the Venetians in the Middle Ages built a vast commercial empire on the back of their mastery ofwater travel, using their fleet of ships to transport goods and maintain political influence throughout the region.In the modern era, water travel has taken on new forms and functions. The development of steamships, and later, the emergence of cruise liners and other large passenger vessels, has transformed water travel from a practical necessity to a leisure activity. Today, millions of people around the world embark on cruises and other water-based vacations, seeking to experience the beauty and wonder of the world's oceans, rivers, and waterways. From the serene fjords of Norway to the bustling canals of Venice, water travel has become a way for people to immerse themselves in new and exciting environments, to connect with nature, and to create lasting memories.Beyond its recreational and cultural significance, water travel also plays a crucial role in the global economy. Seaborne trade, facilitated by the movement of cargo ships and container vessels, is the backbone of the modern global supply chain, allowing for the efficient and cost-effective transportation of goods across vast distances. The Panama Canal, for example, has been a vital artery of global trade since its completion in 1914, enabling ships to quickly and easily traverse between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Similarly, the development of inland waterways, such as the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal in Europe, has opened up new avenues for themovement of goods and people, connecting landlocked regions to the broader global marketplace.However, the importance of water travel extends beyond its economic and cultural benefits. Water-based transportation, particularly in the form of public transit systems such as ferries and water taxis, can also play a crucial role in addressing the challengesof urban congestion and environmental sustainability. In many cities around the world, water-based transportation systems have been implemented to alleviate traffic congestion, reduce carbon emissions, and provide a more efficient and enjoyable mode of travel for residents and visitors alike.Despite the many advantages of water travel, it is not without its challenges and drawbacks. The inherent dangers of navigating bodies of water, from storms and rough seas to the threat of piracy and other maritime hazards, have long been a concern for those who venture out onto the water. Moreover, the environmental impact of water-based transportation, particularly in the form of large commercial vessels, has become an increasingly pressing issue in recent years. The release of greenhouse gases, the potential for oil spills, and the disruption of marine ecosystems are all concerns that must be addressed as the world continues to rely on water travel as a vital component of the global economy and transportation network.Nonetheless, the enduring appeal and importance of water travel cannot be denied. Whether it be the thrill of exploring new and exotic destinations, the efficiency and convenience of water-based transportation, or the sheer beauty and wonder of the world's waterways, water travel continues to captivate and inspire people around the globe. As we look to the future, it is clear that the role of water travel will only continue to grow and evolve, shaping the course of human civilization and our relationship with the natural world.。
河口海岸专业的相关英语
河口是指河流进入海洋或湖泊的地方，在这个地理区域中，河流和海洋之间的交界处形成了河口海岸。
河口海岸是地理学中特定的自然地形，它具有独特的地貌和生态环境。
在河口海岸地带，海洋的潮汐和河流的水流交织在一起，形成了复杂的水文条件。
这种环境对于海洋生物和陆地生态系统都有着重要的影响。
因此，河口海岸的研究成为了一个专业领域，人们称之为河口海岸学或河口海岸科学。
河口海岸学研究的内容非常广泛，涉及地理学、地质学、海洋学、生态学等多个学科领域。
在这个专业中，研究者致力于解决一系列与河口海岸相关的问题，比如河口的形成与演化、河口和海岸的相互作用、河口海岸生态系统的保护等等。
在研究河口海岸的过程中，英语作为一种国际通用语言，具有重要的交流功能。
因此，掌握相关的英语词汇和表达方式对于河口海岸学者来说是必不可少的。
下面将简要介绍一些与河口海岸相关的英语词汇和短语，供读者参考。
1. Estuary：河口Example: The Yangtze River estuary is one of the largest estuaries in the world.（长江口是世界上最大的河口之一。
）2. Coastal morphology：海岸地貌Example: The coastal morphology of this area has been greatly influenced by tidal currents.（该地区的海岸地貌受到潮流的极大影响。
）3. Tidal range：潮差Example: The tidal range in this estuary can reach up to 6 meters during spring tides.（在这个河口，春潮时潮差可达到6米。
）4. Saltwater intrusion：咸水入侵Example: The excessive withdrawal of groundwater has caused saltwater intrusion in the coastal aquifers.（过度地取用地下水导致了沿岸含水层的咸水入侵。
水资源如何讲解英文作文
水资源如何讲解英文作文英文回答：Water is an essential resource for all life on Earth. It covers over 70% of the planet's surface and makes up about 60% of the human body. Water is used for drinking, irrigation, transportation, and industry. It is also a habitat for many plants and animals.Water resources are under increasing pressure from a number of factors, including:Population growth: As the global population grows, so does the demand for water.Climate change: Climate change is causing changes in precipitation patterns, which can lead to droughts and floods.Pollution: Water pollution can make water unsafe fordrinking or irrigation.These factors are putting a strain on water resources around the world. In some areas, water is already scarce and conflicts over water are increasing.There are a number of things that can be done to address the challenges facing water resources. These include:Conserving water: We can all do our part to conserve water by taking shorter showers, fixing leaky faucets, and watering our lawns less often.Investing in water infrastructure: We need to invest in water infrastructure to improve water storage and delivery.Protecting water quality: We need to protect water quality by reducing pollution and restoring wetlands.Managing water demand: We need to manage water demandby pricing water appropriately and promoting water-efficient technologies.By taking these steps, we can help to ensure that everyone has access to the water they need to survive and thrive.中文回答：水是地球上一切生命的必需资源。
水资源需求管理项目英汉互译
UK/China Water Resources Demand Management Assistance Project 中英合作水资源需求管理项目 WRDMAP Glossary of Terms : Chinese and English 术语汇编（中英对照）（初版）中央项目办公室水资源需求管理援助项目 术语汇编WRDMAPWater Resources Demand Management Assistance Project 水资源需求管理援助项目 WRDMAP Glossary of Terms : Chinese and English 术语汇编（中英对照）“Acquire new knowledge whilst thinking over the old, and you may become a teacher of others.” —Confucius “温故而知新，可以为师矣”——孔子Preface 前 言本术语表是水资源需求管理项目术语表的初级版本，是在水资源需求管理项目中汇编而成，该项目是由 英国国际发展部出资、水利部负责实施的双边合作项目。
在水行业发展项目初期就开始编写术语表，随 后在水资源需求管理援助项目（WRDMAP）启动之前进一步对术语表进行了修订和更新。
WRDMAP 项 目决定将目前版本的术语表印刷成册，尽管专家们指出它还存在诸多不足之处。
在项目起始阶段对术语 表尽可能地进行了修正。
WRDMAP 项目计划在 2006 年底重新印制术语表， 在第二版中将纳入来自相关 各方的修改意见和建议。
This draft/preliminary version of the Water Resources Demand Management Project Glossary has been assembled under the Water Resources Demand Management Project funded by DFID and carried out by MWR. The Glossary was started during the earlier Water Sector Development Project and was subsequently further developed during the period prior to the commencement of WRDMAP. It has been decided to print this version despite the fact that WRDMAP experts have identified many shortcomings in the document. These have been corrected to the extent possible during the Inception Phase of the Project. However, it is intended to reprint an improved second edition at the end of 2006 incorporating comments and modifications, suggestions received. 本术语表的编写目的是为项目人员提供水资源管理方面的常用术语、短语以及技术、机构缩略语，以便 促进项目中方人员与国际专家之间的相互理解和交流沟通。
水资源英语作文大学
Water Resources in the University Context In the modern era of rapid industrialization and urbanization, water resources have become a pivotal aspect of our daily lives. Universities, as centers of learning and research, play a crucial role in addressing the challenges posed by water scarcity and pollution. This essay delves into the significance of water resources in the university context, highlighting the role of universities in water conservation, sustainable water management, and research innovations.Firstly, universities have a responsibility to educate their students on the importance of water conservation. Water literacy should be a fundamental part of the curriculum, ensuring that students are aware of the global water crisis and the need for sustainable water practices. By incorporating water conservation into courses such as environmental science, ecology, and engineering, universities can foster a culture of water awareness among their student population.Moreover, universities can lead by example in terms of sustainable water management. Implementing water-savingmeasures such as rainwater harvesting, water recycling, and low-flow fixtures can significantly reduce water consumption on campus. Such practices not only conserve water but also reduce the university's carbon footprint and operational costs.Furthermore, universities are well-positioned to conduct research on water resources and water-related challenges. Through collaborations with industry partners and government agencies, universities can develop innovative solutions to water scarcity, pollution, and other water-related issues. The research outcomes can be shared with the broader community, leading to improvements in water management practices and policies.In addition, universities can promote awareness and action on water issues through community engagement activities. These can include workshops, seminars, and public campaigns that inform the community about water conservation techniques and the importance of sustainable water use. By engaging with the local community, universities can help create a broader movement towards water sustainability.However, it is also important to acknowledge the challenges faced by universities in managing water resources. Limited funding, lack of infrastructure, and regulatory constraints can hamper efforts towards sustainable water management. To overcome these challenges, universities need to seek collaborations with external partners, seek funding from grants and donations, and advocate for stronger policies and regulations on water management.In conclusion, universities play a pivotal role in addressing the challenges posed by water resources. By educating students, leading by example, conducting research, and engaging with the community, universities cancontribute significantly to water conservation and sustainability. While challenges exist, universities have the potential to become leaders in water resource management and drive positive change in society.**大学水资源问题探讨**在当今工业化、城市化飞速发展的时代，水资源已经成为我们日常生活的重要方面。
论节水英语作文
论节水英语作文Water conservation is a pressing global issue that demands our immediate attention. As the world's population continues to grow, the demand for water resources has increased exponentially, putting a strain on our limited supply. This essay will explore the importance of water conservation and the role that English can play in promoting this critical cause.Water is the foundation of life, essential for sustaining all living organisms on our planet. It is a finite resource, and its scarcity is a growing concern, especially in regions where access to clean water is limited. Water is not only crucial for human consumption but also for agriculture, industry, and various other sectors that are vital to our way of life. As the impacts of climate change continue to exacerbate water-related challenges, the need for effective water conservation strategies has become increasingly urgent.One of the primary ways in which English can contribute to water conservation efforts is through education and awareness-raising. By disseminating information about the importance of water conservation in the English language, we can reach a global audience and inspire individuals, communities, and organizations to takeaction. English is a widely spoken and understood language, making it an ideal medium for sharing best practices, case studies, and innovative solutions for water conservation.Moreover, the use of English can facilitate international collaboration and knowledge-sharing on water-related issues. As water challenges often transcend national boundaries, the ability to communicate in a common language can foster the exchange of ideas, technologies, and resources among different countries and regions. This collaboration can lead to the development of more comprehensive and effective water conservation strategies that can be implemented on a global scale.In the realm of education, English can play a crucial role in raising awareness about water conservation among students and young people. By incorporating water conservation topics into English language curricula, educators can not only improve language skills but also instill a sense of environmental stewardship and responsibility in the next generation. Through interactive lessons, multimedia resources, and hands-on activities, students can learn about the importance of water conservation and develop practical skills to implement water-saving measures in their daily lives.Furthermore, the use of English in the dissemination of scientific research and technical information related to water conservation cancontribute to the advancement of this field. Researchers and experts from around the world can share their findings, innovations, and best practices through publications, conferences, and online platforms, all of which can be facilitated by the use of the English language. This exchange of knowledge can lead to the development of more effective water conservation technologies, policies, and strategies that can be adopted globally.In the realm of business and industry, English can play a crucial role in promoting water conservation practices. Many multinational corporations and organizations operate in multiple countries and regions, and the use of English as a common language can enable the sharing of water-saving technologies, processes, and best practices across these entities. This can lead to the adoption of more sustainable water management practices, which can have a significant impact on reducing water consumption and waste.Additionally, the use of English in the development and promotion of water conservation campaigns and initiatives can help to raise awareness and inspire action among a wider audience. Through the creation of educational materials, public service announcements, and social media campaigns in English, water conservation messages can be effectively communicated to people around the world, encouraging them to adopt water-saving behaviors and support water conservation efforts.In conclusion, the role of English in water conservation is multifaceted and crucial. By leveraging the global reach and communication power of the English language, we can raise awareness, facilitate collaboration, and drive innovation in the field of water conservation. As we face the mounting challenges of water scarcity, the use of English can be a powerful tool in promoting sustainable water management practices and ensuring a secure and resilient water future for all.。
水文与水资源英语
水文与水资源英语English:Hydrology is the science that studies the movement, distribution,and quality of water on Earth. It involves examining the occurrence, circulation, and properties of water in the atmosphere, on the surface, and below the ground. Hydrologists use various techniques such as remote sensing, laboratory analysis, and computer modeling to understand how water behaves in different environments. Understanding the water cycle, the impact of climate change on water resources, and the management of water for agriculture, industry, and urban areas are key aspects of hydrology. It also plays a crucial role in predicting floods, droughts, and water-related disasters, and in developing sustainable water management strategies.中文翻译:水文学是研究地球上水的运动、分布和质量的科学。
它涉及研究大气中、地表和地下水的出现、循环和特性。
水文学家使用各种技术，如遥感、实验室分析和计算机模拟，来了解水在不同环境中的行为。
水的重要性统考英文作文
水的重要性统考英文作文Water: The Essence of Life.In the tapestry of life, water emerges as an indispensable element that nourishes and sustains allliving organisms. From the tiniest microorganisms to the colossal giants of the animal kingdom, water comprises over two-thirds of the Earth's surface and plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of our planet.Sustaining Life.Water is paramount to the survival and prosperity ofall life forms. It regulates body temperature, transports nutrients and oxygen, and facilitates the chemical reactions essential for metabolism. Without water, the intricate machinery of living beings would grind to a halt. Plants, the primary producers of our ecosystem, rely on water for photosynthesis, the process by which they convert sunlight into energy. Animals, including humans, depend onwater to quench their thirst, regulate their body functions, and eliminate waste products.Economic Significance.Water is not merely a life-giving substance but also a cornerstone of economic development. Agriculture, the bedrock of many economies, depends heavily on water for irrigation. Industrial processes, from manufacturing to energy production, require vast quantities of water for cooling, cleaning, and transport. Tourism, a major industry for many countries, thrives on the pristine beaches, sparkling rivers, and serene lakes that water bodies provide.Ecosystems and the Water Cycle.Water plays a pivotal role in shaping and maintaining ecosystems. It supports aquatic life, from microscopic plankton to majestic whales, and provides watercourses such as rivers and streams that traverse the landscape, connecting different habitats. The water cycle, acontinuous process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, ensures the replenishment of freshwater sources and regulates the Earth's climate.Water Security and Sustainability.Water is a finite resource, and its availability is increasingly threatened by human activities such as pollution, climate change, and over-extraction. As populations grow and urbanization expands, the demand for water intensifies, putting a strain on water resources. Water security, the availability of sufficient and safe water for human consumption and economic development, has become a critical issue facing many regions of the world.Conservation and Responsible Use.Preserving our water resources is of paramount importance. Conservation measures, such as improving irrigation efficiency, reducing water consumption in homes and industries, and protecting watersheds from pollution, are essential to ensure a sustainable water future. Byadopting responsible water use practices, we can minimize our impact on the environment and mitigate the risks of water scarcity.Water and Climate Change.Water and climate change are inextricably linked. Climate change alters precipitation patterns, leading to more frequent and intense droughts and floods. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities and infrastructure. As the effects of climate change intensify, water resources will become increasingly vulnerable, making it imperative to adapt to and mitigate these threats.Conclusion.Water is not merely a liquid substance but the very essence of life on Earth. It sustains ecosystems, supports economic growth, and shapes the planet's climate. As we navigate the challenges of a changing world, conserving and protecting our water resources is a paramount responsibility. By recognizing the vital importance ofwater and adopting sustainable practices, we can ensure that this precious resource continues to nurture life on our planet for generations to come.。
水能 高中英语作文
水能高中英语作文Water is an essential resource that has been pivotal in the development and sustenance of human life. Its multifaceted applications span from basic consumption to advanced technological uses. As a high school student, it’s crucial to understand the vast importance of water, not just as a survival element but as a powerhouse driving innovation and environmental sustainability. This essay explores the various dimensions of water’s power, its significance, and the pressing need to manage this resource wisely.Water is the cornerstone of all living organisms. Comprising approximately 60% of the human body, it plays a critical role in maintaining physiological processes. It aids in digestion, regulates body temperature, and facilitates the transportation of nutrients. In the animal kingdom, water bodiesare crucial habitats for countless species, providing the necessary conditions for life to thrive.Plants, too, rely heavily on water. Through the process of photosynthesis, they convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose, fueling life on Earth. Agriculture, which is the backbone of human civilization, depends on water for irrigation. Without adequate water supply, food production would be impossible, leading to severe consequences for global food security.One of the most remarkable powers of water is its ability to generate energy. Hydropower, derived from the energy of falling or flowing water, is a renewable source of electricity. This method of power generation is not only sustainable but also environmentally friendly, as it produces no direct waste or greenhouse gases.Hydropower plants harness the kinetic energy of water to spin turbines, which then generate electricity. This technology has been utilized for centuries, dating back to the watermills of ancient civilizations. Today, it accounts for a significant portion of the world’s electricity supply, particularly in regions abundant with rivers and lakes. The Three Gorges Dam in China, for example, is the world’s largest power statio n in terms of installed capacity, demonstrating the immense potential of water as an energy source.While the benefits of water are undeniable, its overuse and pollution pose significant threats to the environment. Industrial activities, agricultural runoff, and improper waste disposal have led to the contamination of water bodies, affecting both human health and aquatic ecosystems. The challenge lies in balancing the use of water for development and ensuring its availability for future generations.Sustainable water management practices are essential. This includes the implementation of efficient irrigation techniques, wastewater treatment, and pollution control measures. Rainwater harvesting and the use of greywater for non-potable purposes are also effective strategies to conserve water. Educating communities about the importance of water conservation can lead to more responsible usage and preservation of this precious resource.Water’s role extends beyond basic needs and energy production; it is integral to technological advancements as well. In the medical field, water is used in sterilization processes and as a solvent for many pharmaceutical products. In manufacturing, it serves as a coolant and a key ingredient in the production of various goods.Desalination technology, which converts seawater into potable water, is another area where water demonstrates its versatility. This technology is especially crucial in arid regionswhere freshwater resources are scarce. By tapping into the vast reserves of seawater, desalination provides a reliable source of drinking water, addressing the needs of growing populations and mitigating the impacts of droughts.Beyond its practical uses, water holds significant cultural and recreational value. Rivers, lakes, and oceans have historically been the cradles of civilizations, influencing cultural practices and traditions. Many cultures regard water as a sacred element, attributing spiritual and healing properties to it.Recreationally, water bodies provide opportunities for various activities such as swimming, boating, fishing, and diving. These activities not only promote physical health but also contribute to mental well-being. The serene beauty of water landscapes often serves as a source of inspiration for artists, writers, and musicians, underscoring its profound impact on human creativity and expression.As we look to the future, the management and conservation of water resources will become increasingly critical. Climate change poses a significant threat to the availability and quality of water, with altering precipitation patterns leading to more frequent and severe droughts and floods. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that integrates science, technology, policy, and community engagement.Innovations in water technology, such as improved desalination methods, advanced filtration systems, and smart water management tools, hold promise for ensuring sustainable water supplies. Additionally, international cooperation is vital, as water resources often span across borders. Collaborative efforts can lead to the development of shared strategies for water conservation and pollution control, benefiting all parties involved.In conclusion, water is a powerful and indispensable resource that sustains life, drives energy production, and fosters technological and cultural advancements. Its importance cannot be overstated, and it is our collective responsibility to manage and conserve it wisely. By adopting sustainable practices and embracing innovative solutions, we can ensure that future generations continue to benefit from the myriad powers of water. Through education and awareness, we can inspire a global commitment to preserving this vital resource, securing a healthier and more prosperous future for all.。
大学专业英语给排水专业课文翻译
关于流溪河经济的英语作文
The Liuxi River,a vital waterway in Guangdong Province,China,has played a significant role in the economic development of the region.This essay will explore the various aspects of the Liuxi Rivers economy,including agriculture,industry,tourism,and environmental conservation.Agricultural ImpactThe Liuxi River has been a lifeline for agriculture in the region.Its fertile banks have supported a variety of crops,including rice,vegetables,and fruits.The rivers water is used for irrigation,ensuring a stable supply of water for crops,which is essential for the regions food security.Moreover,the rivers ecosystem supports fish farming,which contributes to the local economy and provides employment opportunities for the community.Industrial DevelopmentThe river has also been instrumental in the industrial growth of the area.Industries such as textiles,food processing,and manufacturing have thrived due to the availability of water for various industrial processes.The river provides a means of transportation for goods,reducing logistics costs and enhancing the competitiveness of local businesses. Tourism and RecreationThe scenic beauty of the Liuxi River has attracted tourists and locals alike,contributing to the growth of the tourism industry.Ecotourism initiatives have been developed to promote sustainable tourism practices,allowing visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of the river while preserving its ecosystem.Activities such as river cruises,fishing,and birdwatching are popular among tourists,generating revenue for the local economy.Environmental ConservationEconomic growth has also brought challenges in terms of environmental conservation. The local government and communities have recognized the importance of preserving the rivers ecosystem and have implemented measures to reduce pollution and protect biodiversity.Efforts include waste management programs,reforestation projects,and the establishment of protected areas along the river.Challenges and Future ProspectsDespite the economic benefits,the Liuxi River faces challenges such as pollution from industrial waste and agricultural runoff,which threaten its ecological health.Addressing these issues requires a balanced approach that promotes economic growth while ensuring the longterm sustainability of the rivers environment.Future prospects include the development of green technologies,investment in renewable energy,and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.ConclusionThe Liuxi Rivers economy is multifaceted,with agriculture,industry,tourism,and environmental conservation all playing crucial roles.It is a testament to the importance of water resources in regional economic development.By managing these resources wisely and promoting sustainable practices,the Liuxi River can continue to support the prosperity of the region while preserving its natural beauty for future generations.。
2023年国际货运代理从业人员资格考试国际货代英语
全国国际货运代理从业人员资格考试（国际货代英语）试卷及答案答案：一、单项选择.1.D.2.B.3.B.4.B.5.A.6.B.7.D.8.C.9.A.10.B.11.D.12.B.13.B.14.C.15.B.16.B.17.A;18.B.19.B.20.C.二、判断.1.F.2T.3.F.4.T.5.T.6.T.7.T.8.F.9.T.10.T.11.T.12.F.13.F.14.F.15.F.16.T.17..18.T.19.F.20.F.三、多选.（每题2分，共20分）1.ABC.2.BD.3.ABCD.4.AD.5.AB.6.AD.7.AB.8.BC.9.ABC.10.BC.四、英汉互译.（每题1分，共20分）1．英译汉(1)清关（通关）；(2)一般货品（件杂货、杂货、一般货品）；(3)保险费；(4)分批装运（分批装船）；(5)港口拥挤附加费；(6)装货单（装运单、下货纸）；(7)等级运价（等级费率、等级货品运价）；(8)跟单信用证统一通例.(9)集装箱货运站；(10)保函（保证函）。
2．汉译英(1)shippin.document（transpor.document,transportatio.document,shipmen.document）.(2)transshipmen.additional.(3) Ai.Waybill.(4)particula.average;(5)inheren.vice.(6)internationa.trade.(7)constructiv.tota.loss.(8)no tic.o.readiness.(9)custom.formalities.(10)carriag.o.good.b.road（nd）五、英文单证操作.（20分）(1)Chin.XY.impor.an.expor.corp..(2.t.orde..(3.UV.corporation.;(4.Golde.Star.018E.(5.Qingdao.(6.Osaka.(7.GSTU3156712/20’.(8.ITOCH.OSAK.NO.1-800.(9)(on.containe.contents.80.Cartons(CTS).(10.100.Cotto.Towel.(11..KGS;.(12)freigh.prepaid.(13.Qin gdao.Octobe.14...(14.Three(3).(15)BB.shippin.agenc.a.agen.fo.AA.shippin.Co.a.carrier;(1.Chin.XY.impor.an.expor.corp.;(2.100.Cotto.Towel.(3)USD9900;(4.coverin.th.Institut.Carg.Cla use.(A).th.Institut.Wa.Clauses.(5.Octobe.14.。
水上行作文走鞋4o0字
水上行作文走鞋4o0字英文回答：Water transport has been an integral part of human civilization for centuries. From ancient times to the modern era, people have relied on waterways for various purposes, such as trade, transportation, and recreation. In this essay, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of water transport and how it has evolved over time.Water transport offers several advantages. Firstly, itis a cost-effective mode of transportation for bulk goods. Ships and barges can carry large quantities of goods, reducing the overall transportation cost per unit. Secondly, water transport is environmentally friendly compared toother modes of transportation, such as road or air. Ships emit fewer greenhouse gases and have a lower carbon footprint. Thirdly, water transport is suitable for transporting heavy and oversized goods that cannot be transported by other means. For example, large machinery orconstruction materials can be easily transported by water.On the other hand, water transport also has its drawbacks. Firstly, it is relatively slow compared to airor road transport. Ships and barges move at a slower pace, which can lead to longer delivery times. Secondly, water transport is dependent on natural waterways, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. Any disruption in these waterways, such as drought or natural disasters, can hinder the smooth operation of water transport. Lastly, the infrastructure required for water transport, such as ports and canals, can be expensive to build and maintain.Despite these disadvantages, water transport hasevolved over time to meet the changing needs of society. Technological advancements, such as the development of containerization, have revolutionized the shipping industry. Containers allow for efficient loading and unloading of goods, reducing the time and cost associated with handling cargo. Additionally, the use of GPS and satellite communication has improved navigation and safety in water transport.中文回答：水上运输是人类文明的重要组成部分。
水的重要性统考英文作文
水的重要性统考英文作文英文回答：Water is the elixir of life, an indispensable component for the sustenance and prosperity of all life forms on Earth. Its multifaceted properties render it essential for a vast array of biological, ecological, and socioeconomic processes.Water constitutes around 60% of the human body and is crucial for various physiological functions, including body temperature regulation, nutrient transport, waste removal, and proper organ functioning. It aids in maintaining electrolyte balance, facilitating biochemical reactions, and lubricating joints.On a larger scale, water plays a vital role in the Earth's ecosystems. It forms the basis of aquatic habitats, supporting a diverse array of flora and fauna. Wetlands, lakes, rivers, and oceans provide breeding grounds, feedingareas, and shelter for countless species. Water sustains plant life, fostering photosynthesis and the production of oxygen, the lifeblood of our planet.Water also has significant socioeconomic implications. It is essential for agriculture, accounting for approximately 70% of global freshwater withdrawals. Irrigation enables farmers to cultivate crops in arid and semi-arid regions, ensuring food security for billions. Additionally, water is utilized in industries, such as manufacturing, mining, and energy production.The accessibility and quality of water are crucial for human health and well-being. Contaminated water can transmit diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery, posing a serious threat to public health. Access to clean water is a fundamental human right and is essential for reducing poverty, improving sanitation, and promoting gender equality.Recognizing the paramount importance of water, international organizations, governments, and individualsworldwide are implementing various initiatives to conserve and sustainably manage water resources. These effortsinclude implementing water-saving technologies, protecting watersheds, and promoting water conservation practices in agriculture and industry.中文回答：水的的重要性。
对水的研究英文作文
对水的研究英文作文英文：I have always been fascinated by the study of water. Water is essential for all living organisms, and it plays a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystems. From a scientific perspective, water has unique properties that make it a fascinating subject of study. For example, its ability to exist in three states – solid, liquid, and gas – is quite remarkable. The way water molecules form hydrogen bondswith each other also contributes to its unique properties, such as its high surface tension and ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.In addition to its chemical properties, water also hasa profound impact on human culture and society. For example, many ancient civilizations were built around bodies of water, and water has been a central theme in art,literature, and religion throughout history. Even today, water continues to play a significant role in our lives,from providing a source of recreation and relaxation to serving as a means of transportation and trade.From a personal perspective, my interest in water stems from my own experiences and observations. I grew up near a lake, and I have always been drawn to the calming effect of water. Whether it's taking a peaceful walk along the shore or simply listening to the sound of waves, I find water to be incredibly soothing. Additionally, I have always been fascinated by the diverse marine life that inhabits oceans, rivers, and lakes. The way different species interact with their aquatic environment is truly remarkable.In conclusion, the study of water is a multifaceted and fascinating field that encompasses scientific, cultural, and personal perspectives. Whether it's exploring the chemical properties of water, studying its cultural significance, or simply enjoying its calming effects, water is a topic that never fails to captivate me.中文：水一直是我着迷的研究课题。
关于交通工具的英语作文
Transportation plays a pivotal role in our daily lives,connecting us to various places and people.It is an integral part of modern society,facilitating the movement of goods and services,and enabling individuals to travel for work,leisure,or education.Here is an essay discussing the various modes of transportation and their impact on our lives.Introduction:The evolution of transportation has been a testament to human ingenuity and the desire to explore and connect.From the invention of the wheel to the development of the automobile,airplane,and highspeed train,each advancement has revolutionized the way we travel.Land Transportation:Automobiles:Cars have become the most common mode of personal transportation. They offer convenience,flexibility,and the freedom to travel at ones own pace.However, they also contribute to traffic congestion and environmental pollution.Bicycles:As a healthier and ecofriendly alternative,bicycles are gaining popularity, especially in urban areas.They are ideal for short commutes and promote physical fitness. Public Buses and Trains:These are essential for mass transit,providing affordable and efficient means to move large numbers of people.They help reduce traffic and are often powered by cleaner energy sources.Air Transportation:Airplanes:They have made the world a smaller place by enabling people to travel long distances in a short amount of time.The aviation industry has grown exponentially, connecting remote regions and facilitating international trade and tourism. Helicopters:Used for quick,shortrange travel,they are particularly useful in emergency services,sightseeing,and accessing difficult terrains.Water Transportation:Boats and Ships:Historically,water has been a primary mode of transportation for trade and exploration.Modern ships carry a significant portion of global trade,while ferries and cruise ships serve as means of travel and leisure.Submarines:Though not a common mode of transportation,submarines offer unique opportunities for underwater exploration and travel.Future of Transportation:Electric Vehicles:With a focus on sustainability,electric cars,buses,and bikes are becoming more prevalent,reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing carbon emissions.Hyperloop:A proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation,the hyperloopcould revolutionize travel by reducing transit times significantly through vacuumsealed tubes.Conclusion:Transportation is not just about getting from point A to point B its about the experience, the connection,and the impact it has on our environment and society.As we continue to innovate and develop new technologies,the future of transportation promises to be more efficient,sustainable,and accessible.Reflection:Reflecting on the various modes of transportation,one can appreciate the progress humanity has made.It is essential to consider the environmental and social implications of our choices in transportation,striving for a balance between convenience and sustainability.The future holds exciting possibilities,and it is up to us to shape it responsibly.。
新托福TPO21阅读原文及译文(三)
新托福TPO21阅读原文(一)：Geothermal EnergyTPO21-1：Geothermal EnergyEarth's internal heat, fueled by radioactivity, provides the energy for plate tectonics and continental drift, mountain building, and earthquakes. It can also be harnessed to drive electric generators and heat homes. Geothermal energy becomes available in a practical form when underground heat is transferred by water that is heated as it passes through a subsurface region of hot rocks (a heat reservoir) that may be hundreds or thousands of feet deep. The water is usually naturally occurring groundwater that seeps down along fractures in the rock; less typically, the water is artificially introduced by being pumped down from the surface. The water is brought to the surface, as a liquid or steam, through holes drilled for the purpose.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade. Water circulated through heat reservoirs in this temperature range is able to extract enough heat to warm residential, commercial, and industrial spaces. More than 20,000 apartments in France are now heated by warm underground water drawn from a heat reservoir in a geologic structure near Paris called the Paris Basin. Iceland sits on a volcanic structure known as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is entirely heated by geothermal energy derived from volcanic heat.Geothermal reservoirs with temperatures above 180°centigrade are useful for generating electricity. They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic activity as hot, dry rock; natural hot water; or natural steam. The latter two sources are limited to those few areas where surface water seeps down through underground faults or fractures to reach deep rocks heated by the recent activity of molten rock material. The world's largest supply of natural steam occurs at The Geysers, 120 kilometers north of San Francisco, California. In the 1990s enough electricity to meet about half the needs of San Francisco was being generated there. This facility was then in its third decade of production and was beginning to show signs of decline, perhaps because of over development. By the late 1990s some 70 geothermalelectric-generating plants were in operation in California, Utah, Nevada, and Hawaii, generating enough power to supply about a million people. Eighteen countries now generate electricity using geothermal heat.Extracting heat from very hot, dry rocks presents a more difficult problem: the rocks must be fractured to permit the circulation of water, and the water must be provided artificially. The rocks are fractured by water pumped down at very high pressures. Experiments are under way to develop technologies for exploiting this resource.Like most other energy sources, geothermal energy presents some environmental problems. The surface of the ground can sink if hot groundwater is withdrawn without being replaced. In addition, water heated geothermally can contain salts and toxic materials dissolved from the hot rock. These waters present a disposal problem if they are not returned to the ground from which they were removed.The contribution of geothermal energy to the world's energy future is difficult to estimate. Geothermal energy is in a sense not renewable, because in most cases the heat would be drawn out of a reservoir much more rapidly than it would be replaced by the very slow geological processes by which heat flows through solid rock into a heat reservoir. However, in many places (for example, California, Hawaii, the Philippines, Japan, Mexico, the rift valleys of Africa)the resource is potentially so large that its future will depend on the economics of production. At present, we can make efficient use of only naturally occurring hot water or steam deposits. Although the potential is enormous, it is likely that in the near future geothermal energy can make important local contributions only where the resource is close to the user and the economics are favorable, as they are in California, New Zealand, and Iceland. Geothermal energy probably will not make large-scale contributions to the world energy budget until well into the twenty-first century, if ever.TPO21-1译文：地热能地球内部因放射产生的热量为板块运动、大陆漂移、造山运动和地震提供了能量。
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Membra , ~ ~ -,~,___ii_ ~
Gasket "O" Ring Fig. 1. Diagramshowingthecomponents oftheosmoticpressures testcell.
acid concentration were also employed to establish which species is responsible for water transfer across each type of ion exchange membranes. These were 2.5 M H2SO 4 and 3.5 M H2SO4 which correspond to the sulphuric acid concentrations of the two half cell electrolytes at 50% SOC, in addition to 1.5 M MgSO4 in 2.0 M H2504 and 2.5 M MgSO4 in 2.0 M H2SO 4 which correspond to the free sulphate ion concentrations of the two half cells at 50% SOC. As shown in Fig. 1, the tube connected to each compartment has an internal diameter (i.d.) of 4.20 mm, so that each 7.22 cm change in height for each side can be considered as 1 ml solution transfer from one side to the other. The membrane area exposed to the solution is 12.56 cm 2.
j j
Tube RubberStopper Cavityfor Solution
2. Experimental
Vanadium solutions in the various oxidation states were prepared by charging a solution consisting of 1 M V(III) + 1 M V(IV) in 2.5 M H2SO4in the redox flow cell described by Chieng [1]. The vanadium solutions in the various oxidation states consisted of: 1. 2 M V 2+ + 2 M S O 2- + 3MH2SO4 (corresponding to the fully charged negative half cell ( - v e ) electrolyte); 2. 2 M V 3+ + 3 M S O 2- + 2 M H 2 S O 4 (corresponding to the fully discharged - v e half cell electrolyte); 3. 2 M VO 2+ + 2 M SO ] - + 3 M H2504 (corresponding to the fully discharged positive half cell (+ve) electrolyte); 4. 2 M VO 2+ + 1 M SO2- + 4 M H2504 (corresponding to the fully charged +ve half cell electrolyte). As a result of the transfer of H + ions across the membrane to carry the current during the charge and discharge processes of the vanadium cell, combined with the consumption of H + ions during the +ve half cell reactions: VO + + 2H + +e-~,~--VO2+ + H20 (1)
*Corresponding author. 0376-7388/97/$17.00 © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII S0376-7388(97)00092-6
branes (e.g. Nation 117, Selemion CMV, D M V and A M V membranes), during charge/discharge cycling a preferential volumetric transfer of the solution from one half cell into the other has been observed [1], the magnitude and direction o f which is dependent on the membrane used. In order that a suitable membrane can be found for the vanadium battery, therefore, the cause of this solution transfer needs to be thoroughly investigated and understood. It is thus important to look at the various processes that occur when a membrane is used in an application such as the redox flow cell.
Received 27 April 1996; received in revised form 21 20 March 1997
Abstract
The water transfer behaviour of Selemion CMV, AMV and DMV membranes (Asahi Glass, Japan) has been studied in the vanadium redox cell, as was the water transfer across Nation 117 membrane (E.I. Du Pont, USA). The earlier water transport studies of a variety of commercial ion exchange membranes and non-ionic separators in the vanadium redox cell have shown that the net water transport through anion exchange membranes and non-ionic separators in the vanadium redox cell is from the positive half cell (+ve) to the negative half cell (-ve), while for cation exchange membranes the net water transport is in the opposite direction. In the present study, it was found that a significant amount of water is transferred across cation exchange membranes from the - v e vanadium half cell electrolyte to the +ve vanadium half cell electrolyte by the hydration shells of V 2+ and V 3+ ions which carry a large amount of water and can easily permeate through cation exchange membranes due to their relatively high charge numbers. The net amount of water of hydration which is transferred across anion exchange membranes from the - v e half cell electrolyte, however, is almost equal to the net amount of water of hydration which is transferred from the +ve half cell electrolyte. Thus, the net amount of water which is transferred across anion exchange membranes is in the same direction as the osmotic water transfer.
Keywords: CMV; AMV; DMV; Nation 117; Water transport; Osmotic pressure; Vanadium solution
1. Introduction
In the vanadium redox flow cell, as with other types o f redox cell systems, an ion exchange membrane is required to prevent cross mixing of the positive and negative electrolytes, whilst still allowing the transport of ions to complete the circuit during the passage o f current. W h i l e coulombic efficiencies of over 95% have been achieved with several commercial mem-