道路工程施工概况英文

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道路工程英语

道路工程英语

道路工程英语英汉术语对照索引abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier制动墩acceleration lane加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 爆破作用圈additional stake 加桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture 反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读ageing 老化aggregate 集料(骨料)air hardining 气硬性alignment design (城市道路)平面设计,线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti-creep heap (厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screen 防炫屏(遮光栅)antiskid heap (厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road (厂内)主干道,(城市)主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at-grade intersection 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道average consistency (of soil) 土的)平均稠度average gradient 平均纵坡aximuth angle 方位角balance weight retaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark 水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam 杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪)bent cap 盖梁berm 护坡道binder 结合料binder course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen (沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete pavement 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous moxture 沥青混合料bituminous pavement 沥青路面bituminous penetration pavement 沥青贯入式路面biuminous surface treatment (沥青)表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动爆破blasting for throwing rock 抛掷爆破blasting procedure 土石方爆破bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟精品文档blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up 拱胀boring 钻探boring log (道路)地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road (城市)支路,(厂内)支道bridge 桥梁bridge decking 桥面系bridge deck pavement 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation traction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erection equpment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment 埋置式桥台bus bay 公交(车辆)停靠站bypass 绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥(斜张桥)Cableway erecting equipment 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio (CBR) 加州承载比(CBR)California bearing ratio tester 加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber cruve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network 路网通行能力capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass 畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土cemint concrete pavement 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement 水泥混凝土路面center-island 中心岛center lane 中间车道center line of raod 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通shannelization island 导流岛channelized intrersection 分道转弯式交叉口chip 石屑chute 急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay-bound macadam泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区划climbing lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange 苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier柱式墩combination-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compaction test 击实试验compaction test apparatus 击实仪compactmess test 压实度试验composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line 综合管道(综合管廊)compound curve 复曲线concave vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner (水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer (水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver 水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw (水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机附录英汉术语对照索引cone penetrantion test 触探试onflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit (of soil) (土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥contourline 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point 路线控制点converging 合流convex vertining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfout retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutmen 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路(县道),乡道creep 徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-sectional profile 横断面图cross-sectional survey 横断面测量crown 路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb 路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut 挖方cut corner for sight line (路口)截角cut-fill transition 土方调配cut-fill transition 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle track 自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compaction 压实度delay 延误density of road network 道路(网)密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsign elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency (排水)设计重现期edsign hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of evevation (城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度(设计车速)design traffic capacity 设计通行能力design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desiged dldvation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machine 狄法尔磨耗试验机(双筒式磨耗试验机)diamond interchange 菱形立体交叉differential photo 微分法测图direction angle 方向角directional interchange 定向式立体交叉diverging 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by pumping station (立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry concrtet 干硬性混凝土ductility (of bitumen) (沥青)延度ductilometer (沥青)延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econnomical hauling distance 土方调配经济运距element support 构件支撑elevation 高程(标高)embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 乳化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method 纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearing 活动支座expansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway (城市)快速路external destance 外 (矢)距fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory-out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of viaion 视野fill 填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 竣工测量fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing 固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash 闪点flash point tester (open cup method) 闪点仪(开口杯式)flexible pavement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford 过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路foundation 基础free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt pavement 全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting 功能栽植general scour under bridge opening 桥下一般冲刷geological section (道路)地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone (路用)石料等级grade change point 变坡点grade compensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面交叉grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体交叉grade-separated junction 立体交叉graded aggregate pavement 级配路面brader 平地机grain composition 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gravel 砾石gravity pier (abutment) 重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt 绿化带gridiron road system 棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟(偏沟)gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水half-through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road 运材道路heavy maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge 绿篱height of cut and fill at ceneter stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type pavement 高级路面highway 公路highway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法hot stability (of bitumen) (沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulic computation 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunnelling method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste (路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder 无机结合料instrument station 测站intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting detch 截水沟interchange 互通式立体交叉interchange woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance 中修intermediate type pavement 中级路面intersection (平面)交叉口intersection angle 交叉角,转角intersection entrance 交叉口进口intersection exit 交叉口出口intersection plan 交叉口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane 车道lane-width 车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve (平曲线)横净距lay-by 紧急停车带level of service 道路服务水平leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line development 展线linking-up road 联络线,连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限living fence 绿篱load 荷载loading berm 反压护道lading combinations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板lading platetest 承载板试验local scour near pier 桥墩局部冲刷local traffic 境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测lock bolt support woth shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土longitudinal beam 纵梁longitudinal gradient 纵坡longitudinal joint 纵缝loop ramp 环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testion machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机machine (搁板式磨耗试验机)low rype pavement 低级路面main beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期manhole 检查井marginal strip 路缘带marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume 年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight (标准)最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient 最大纵坡mine tunnelling method 矿山法mineral aggregate 矿料mineral powder 矿粉mini-roundabout 微形环交minimum height of fill (路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve 最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixing method 拌和法mixture 混合料model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量modulus ratio 模量比monthly average daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud 淤泥multiple-leg intersection 多岔交叉mational trunk highway 国家干线公路(国道) matural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷natural subsoil 天然地基navigable water level 通航水位nearside lane 外侧车道net-shaped cracking 路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥法observation point 测点one-way ramp 单向匝道open cut method 明挖法open cut tunnel 明洞open spandrel arch bridge 空腹拱桥opencast mine road 露天矿山道路operating speed 运行速度iptimum gradation 最佳级配iptimum moisture conter 最佳含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic binder 有机结合料origin-destination study 起迄点调查outbound traffic 出境交通outlet submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道overall speed 区间速度overlay of pavement 罩面overpass grade separation 上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane 超车车道overtaking sight distance 超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test 含蜡量试验parent soil 原状土parking lane 停车车道parking lot 停车场parking station 公交(车辆)停靠站part out-part fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口passing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护paved crosing 道口铺面pavement 路面pavement pression 路面沉陷pavement recapping 路面翻修pavement slab pumping 路面板唧泥pavement spalling 路面碎裂pavemengthening 路面补强pavement structure layer 路面结构层附录英汉术语对照索引pavemill 路面铣削机(刨路机)peak hourly volume 高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass 人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips 上拌下贯式(沥青) chips 路面penetration method 贯入法penetration test apparatus 长杆贯入仪penetration(of bitumen) (沥青)针入度penetrometer (沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permaf rost 多年冻土permanent load 永久荷载perviousness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图pier 桥墩pile and pland retaining wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drainage 管道排水pit test 坑探pitching method 铺砌法plain stage of slope 边坡平台plain terrain 平原区plan view (路线)平面图plane design (城市道路)平面设计plane sketch (道路)平面示意图planimetric photo 综合法测图plant mixing method 厂拌法plasticity index 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数poisson’s ratio 泊松比polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率porotable pendulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行能力post-tensioning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽preliminary survey 初测preloading method 预压法prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestresed steel bar drawing jack 张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 生产干线productive branch road 生产支线profile design 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete 水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路(省道)railroad grade crossing (铁路)道口ramp 匝道rebound deflection 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous pavement 再生沥青路面reconnaissance 踏勘red clay 红粘土reference stake 护桩referencion crack 反射裂缝refuge island 安全岛regulating structure 调治构造物reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete pavement 钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall 加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content (of soil) (土的)相对含水量relief road 辅道residential street 居住区道路resultant gradient 合成坡度retaining wall 挡土墙revelling of pavement 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge crossing line 越岭线ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid pavement 刚性路面rigid-type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road 道路road alignment 道路线形road appearance 路容road eara per sitizen (城市)人均道路面积road area ratio (城市)道路面积率road axis 道路轴线road bed 路床road bitumen 路用沥青road condition 路况road condition survey 路况调查road crossing (平面)交叉口road crossing design 交叉口设计road engineering 道路工程road feasibility study (道路工程)可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection 道路交叉(路线交叉)road mixing method 路拌法road netword 道路网road network planning 道路网规划road planting 道路绿化road project (道路工程)方案图road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabion 石笼roller 压路机rolled cementoncerete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain 微丘区rotary interchage 环形立体交叉rotary intersection 环形交叉roundabout 环形交叉route development 展线rout of road 道路路线route selection 选线routine maintenance 小修保养rubble 片石running speed 行驶速度rural road 郊区道路saddle back 垭口safety belt 安全带safety fence 防护栅salty soil 盐渍土sand 砂sanddrain (sand pile) 砂井sand gravel 砂砾sand hazard 沙害sand mat of subgrade 排水砂垫层sand patch test 铺砂试验sand pile 砂桩sand ratio 砂率sand sweeping 回砂sand sweeping equipment 回砂机sandy soil 砂性土saturated soil 饱和土scraper 铲运机seal coat 封层secondary trunk road (厂内)次干道,(城市)次干路seepage well 渗水井segregation 离析semi-rigid type base 半刚性基层separate facilties 分隔设施separator 分隔带sheep-foot roll 羊足压路机(羊足碾)shelter belt 护路林shield 盾构(盾构挖掘机)shield tunnelling method 盾构法shoulder 路肩shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 边沟side slope 边坡side walk 人行道sieve analysis 筛分sight distance 视距sight distance of intersection 路口视距sight line 视线sight triangle 视距三角形silty soil 粉性土simple supported beam bridge 简支梁桥singl direction thrusted pier 单向推力墩single-sizeaggregat 同粒径集料siphon culvert 倒虹涵skew bridge 斜交桥skew bridge 斜桥skid road 集材道路slab bridge 板桥slab culvert 盖板涵slab staggerting 错位slide 滑坡slope protection 护坡slump 坍落度snow hazard 雪害snow plough 除雪机soft ground 软弱地基soft soil 软土softening point tester (ring ball) (沥青)软化点议仪method (环—球法)softening point (of bitumen) 沥青)软化点solubility (of bitumen) (沥青)溶解度space headway 车头间距space mean speed 空间平均速度span 跨径span by span method 移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch 腹拱spandrel structure 拱上结构special vehicle 特种车辆speed-change lane 变速车道splitting test 劈裂试验spot speed 点速度spreading in layers 层铺法springing 弹簧现象stabilizer 稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course 稳定土基层stage for heating soil and broken rock 碎落台stagered junction 错位交叉stand axial loading 标准轴截steel bridge 钢筋冷墩机steel bridge 钢桥steel exention machie 钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus 劲度stone coating test 石料裹覆试验stone crusher 碎石机stone spreader 碎石撒布机stopping sight distance 停车视距stopping truck heap (厂矿道路)阻车堤street 街道street draianage 街道排水street planting 街道绿化street trees 行道树strengthening layer 补强层strengthening of structure 加固stringer 纵梁striping test for aggregate 集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel 隧道建筑限界sub-high type pavement 次高级路面subgrade 路基subgrade drainage 路基排水submersible bridge 漫水桥subsidence 沉陷subsoil 地基substructure 下部结构superelevation 超高superelevation runoff 超高缓和段superstructure 上部结构supported type abutment 支撑式桥台surface course 面层surface evenness 路面平整度surface frostheave 路面冻胀surface permeameter 路面透水度测定仪surface roughness 路面粗糙度surface slipperinness 路面滑溜surface water 地表水surface-curvature apparatus 路面曲率半径测定仪surrounding rock 围岩suspension bridge 悬索桥swich-back curve 回头曲线Tintersection 丁字形交叉(T形交叉)T-shaped rigid frame bridge 形刚构桥tack coat 粘层tangent length 切线长tar 焦油沥青technical standard of road 道路技术标准Telford 锥形块石Telford base (锥形)块石基层terrace 台地thermal insulation berm 保温护道thermal insulation course 隔温层thirtieth highest annual hourly 年第30位最大小时volume 交通量through bridge 下承式桥through traffic 过境交通tie bar 拉杆timber bridge 木桥time headway 车头时距time mean speed 时间平均速度toe of slope (边)坡脚tonguel and groove joint 企口缝top of slope (边)坡顶topographic featurc 地貌topographic map 地形图topographic survey 地形测量topography 地形township road 乡公路(乡道)traffic assignment 交通量分配traffic apacity 通行能力traffic composition 交通组成traffic density 交通密度traffic distribution 交通分布traffic flow 交通流traffic generation 交通发生traffic island 交通岛traffic mirror 道路反光镜traffic planninng 道路交通规划traffic safety device 交通安全设施traffic square 交通广场traffic stream 车流traffic survey 交通调查traffic volume 交通量traffic volume obserbation station 交通量观测站traffic volume 交通量预测traffic volume survey 交通量调查transition curve 缓和曲线transition slab at bridge head 桥头搭板transition zone ofcross section 断面渐变段transition zone of curve widening 加宽缓和段transitional gradient 缓和坡段transverse beam 横梁transverse joint 横缝traverse 导线traverse sruvey 导线测量trencher 挖沟机triaxial test 三轴试验trip 出行true joint 真缝trumpet interchange 喇叭形立体交叉trunk highway 干线公路truss bridge 桁架桥tunnel (道路)隧道trnnel boring machine 隧道掘进机tunnel ling 衬砌tunnel portal 洞门tunnel support 隧道支撑turnaround loop 回车道,回车场turning point 转点。

道路工程常用语英文

道路工程常用语英文

道路第一节一般规定第2。

1。

1条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。

第2.1.2条公路highway联结城市、乡村,主要供汽车行驶的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2.1。

3条城市道路city road;urban road在城市范围内,供车辆及行人通行的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2。

1.4条厂矿道路factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。

第2。

1。

5条林区道路forest road建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。

第2。

1.6条乡村道路country road建在乡村、农场,主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路.第2.1。

7条道路工程road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第2.1.8条道路网road metwork在一定区域内,由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。

在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第2。

1.9条道路(网)密度density of road network在一定区域内,道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值。

第2.1。

10条道路技术标准technical standard of road根据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件,确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。

第2.1.11条设计车辆design vehicle道路设计所采用的汽车车型,以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据.第2。

1.12条特种车辆special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。

第2.1.13条计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所采用的行车速度。

道路工程施工概况(英文)

道路工程施工概况(英文)

Although percent air voids is the HMA characteristic of interest, measurements are usually reported as a measured density in relation to a reference density. This is done by reporting density as:∙Percentage of TMD (or “percent Rice”). This expression of density is easy to convert to air voids because any volume that is not asphalt binder or aggregate is assumed to be air. For example, a density reported as 93 percent Rice means that there are 7 percent air voids (100% – 93% = 7%).∙Percentage of a laboratory-determined density. The laboratory density is usually a density obtained during mix design.∙Percentage of a control strip density. A control strip is a short pavement section that is compacted to the desired value under close scrutiny then used as thecompaction standard for a particular job.Pavement air voids are measured in the field by one of two principal methods:∙Cores (Figures 2 and 3). A small pavement core is extracted from the compacted HMA and sent to a laboratory to determine its density. Usually, core densityresults are available the next day at the earliest. This type of air voids testing isgenerally considered the most accurate but is also the most time consuming andexpensive.∙Nuclear gauges (Figures 4 and 5). A nuclear density gauge measures in-place HMA density using gamma radiation. Gauges usually contain a small gammasource (about 10 mCi) such as Cesium-137 located in the tip of a small probe,which is either placed on the surface of the pavement or inserted into thepavement. Readings are obtained in about 2 – 3 minutes. Nuclear gauges require calibration to the specific mixture being tested. Usually nuclear gauges arecalibrated to core densities at the beginning of a project and at regular intervalsduring the project to ensure accuracy.Each contracting agency or owner usually specifies the compaction measurement methods and equipment to be used on contracts under their jurisdiction.Figure 2: Core ExtractionFigure 3: Pavement CoreFigure 4: Thin Lift Nuclear Density GaugeFigure 5: Taking a Nuclear Density ReadingFactors Affecting CompactionHMA compaction is influenced by a myriad of factors; some related to the environment, some determined by mix and structural design and some under contractor and agency control during construction (see Table 1).Table 1: Factors Affecting CompactionA Note on the Time Available for CompactionHMA temperature directly affects asphalt binder viscosity and thus compaction. As HMA temperature decreases, the constituent asphalt binder becomes more viscous and resistant to deformation resulting in a smaller reduction in air voids for a given compactive effort. As the mix cools, the asphalt binder eventually becomes stiff enough to effectively prevent any further reduction in air voids regardless of the applied compactive effort. The temperature at which this occurs, commonly referred to as cessation temperature, is often reported to be about 175°F for dense-graded HMA (Scherocman and Martenson, 1984[9]; Hughes, 1989[8]). Below cessation temperature rollers can still be operated on the mat to improve smoothness and surface texture but further compaction will generally not occur.Mat temperature is crucial to both the actual amount of air void reduction for a given compactive effort, and the overall time available for compaction. If a mat’s initial temperature and cool-down rate are known, the temperature of the mat at any time after laydown can be calculated. Based on this calculation rolling equipment and patterns can be employed to:∙Take maximum advantage of available roller compactive effort. Rollers can be used where the mat is most receptive to compaction and avoided where the mat is susceptible to excessive shoving.∙Ensure the mat is compacted to the desired air void content before cessation temperature is reached. This can be done by calculating the time it takes the mat to cool from initial temperature to cessation temperature. All compaction must be accomplished within this “time available for compaction”.MultiCool, developed by Professor Vaughn Voeller and Dr. David Timm, is a Windows based program that predicts HMA mat cooling. MultiCool can be used to predict the time available for compaction and is available on the National Asphalt Pavement Association’s A Guide for Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement CD-ROM or for download at:∙University of California Pavement Research Center(/SoftwarePage.aspx)∙National Asphalt Pavement Association(/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id= 178&Itemid=273)Compaction EquipmentThere are three basic pieces of equipment available for HMA compaction: (1) the paver screed, (2) the steel wheeled roller and (3) the pneumatic tire roller. Each piece of equipment compacts the HMA by two principal means:1. B y applying its weight to the HMA surface and compressing the materialunderneath the ground contact area. Since this compression will be greater forlonger periods of contact, lower equipment speeds will produce morecompression. Obviously, higher equipment weight will also increasecompression.2. B y creating a shear stress between the compressed material underneath theground contact area and the adjacent uncompressed material. Whencombined with equipment speed, this produces a shear rate. Loweringequipment speed can decrease the shear rate, which increases the shearingstress. Higher shearing stresses are more capable of rearranging aggregateinto more dense configurations.These two m eans are of compacting HMA are often referred to collectively as “compactive effort”.Steel Wheel RollersSteel wheel rollers (see Figures 6 and 7) are self-propelled compaction devices that use steel drums to compress the underlying HMA. They can have one, two or even three drums, although tandem (2 drum) rollers are most often used. The drums can be either static or vibratory and usually range from 35 to 85 inches in width and 20 to 60 inches in diameter. Roller weight is typically between 1 and 20 tons (see Figures 5 and 6).Some steel wheel rollers are equipped with vibratory drums. Drum vibration adds a dynamic load to the static roller weight to create a greater total compactive effort. Drum vibration also reduces friction and aggregate interlock during compaction, which allowsaggregate particles to move into final positions that produce greater friction and interlock than could be achieved without vibration. As a general rule-of-thumb, a combination of speed and frequency that results in 10 –12 impacts per foot is good. At 3000 vibrations/minute this results in a speed of 2.8 – 3.4 mph.Figure 6: Steel Wheel Rollers Figure 7: Steel Wheel Rollers Pneumatic Tire RollersPneumatic tire rollers are self-propelled compaction devices that uses pneumatic tires to compact the underlying HMA. Pneumatic tire rollers employ a set of smooth tires (no tread) on each axle; typically four or five on one axle and five or six on the other. The tires on the front axle are aligned with the gaps between tires on the rear axle to give complete and uniform compaction coverage over the width of the roller. Compactive effort is controlled by varying tire pressure, which is typically set between 60 and 120 psi (TRB, 2000[10]). In addition to a static compressive force, pneumatic tire rollers also develop a kneading action between the tires that tends to realign aggregate within the HMA. Because asphalt binder tends to stick more to cold tires than hot tires, the tire area is sometimes insulated with rubber matting or plywood to maintain the tires near mat temperature while rolling (see Figures 8 and 9).Figure 8: Pneumatic Tire Roller Figure 9: Pneumatic Tires Compaction SequenceHMA compaction is typically accomplished by a sequence of compaction equipment. This allows each piece of equipment to be used only in its most advantageous situation resulting in a higher quality mat (both in density and in smoothness) than could be produced with just a single method of compaction. A typical compaction sequence consists of some or all of the following (in order of use):∙Screed. The screed is the first device used to compact the mat and may be operated in the vibratory mode. Approximately 75 to 85 percent of TMD will beobtained when the mix passes out from under the screed (TRB, 2000[10]).∙Rollers. Generally a series of two or three rollers is used. Contractors can control roller compaction by varying things such as the types of rollers used, the number of roller used, roller speed, the number of roller passes over a given area of themat, the location at which each roller works, and the pattern that each roller uses to compact the mat. Approximately 92 to 95 percent TMD will be obtained when all rollers are finished compacting the mat. Typical roller position used in compaction are:∙Breakdown Roller. The first roller behind the screed (see Figure 10). It generally effects the most density gain of any roller in the sequence.Breakdown rollers can be of any type but are most often vibratory steelwheel and sometimes pneumatic tire.∙Intermediate Roller. Used behind the breakdown roller if additionalcompaction is needed (see Figure 10). Pneumatic tire rollers aresometimes used as intermediate rollers because they provide a differenttype of compaction (kneading action) than a breakdown steel wheelvibratory roller, which can help further compact the mat or at the very least,rearrange the aggregate within the mat to make it receptive to furthercompaction.Finish Roller. The last roller in the sequence (see Figure 11). It is used to provide a smooth mat surface. Although the finish roller does applycompactive effort, by the time it comes in contact with the mat, the matmay have cooled below cessation temperature. Static steel wheel rollersare almost always used as finishing rollers because they can produce thesmoothest surface of any roller type.Figure 10: Paving Operation Showing a Steel Wheel Breakdown Roller and a PneumaticTire Intermediate RollerFigure 11: Finish RollerTraffic. After the rollers have compacted the mat to the desired density and produced the desired smoothness, the new pavement is opened to traffic. Traffic loading will provide further compaction in the wheel paths of a finished mat. Traffic may compact the mat an additional 2 to 4 percent over the life of the pavement.Footnotes (↵ returns to text)1. Roberts, F.L., Kandhal, P.S., Brown, E.R., Lee, D.Y., and Kennedy, T.W. (1996). Hot Mix AsphaltMaterials, Mixture Design, and Construction. National Asphalt Paving Association EducationFoundation. Lanham, MD. ↵2. Scherocman, J.A. and Martenson, E.D. (1984). Placement of Asphalt ConcreteMixtures. Placement and Compaction of Asphalt Mixtures, F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM SpecialTechnical Publication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA. pp.3-27. ↵3. Scherocman, J.A. (1984, March). Guidelines for Compacting Asphalt Concrete Pavement. BetterRoads, Vol. 54, No. 3. pp. 12-17.↵4. Geller, M. (1984). “Compaction Equipment for Asphalt Mixtures.”Placement and Compaction ofAsphalt Mixtures, F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM Special Technical Publication 829. American Societyfor Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA. pp. 28-47.↵5. Brown, E.R. (1984). Experiences of Corps of Engineers in Compaction of Hot AsphaltMixtures. Placement and Compaction of Asphalt Mixtures, F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM SpecialTechnical Publication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA. pp.67-79.↵6. Bell, C.A.; Hicks, R.G. and Wilson, J.E. (1984). Effect of Percent Compaction on Asphalt MixtureLife. Placement and Compaction of Asphalt Mixtures, F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM Special TechnicalPublication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA. pp. 107-130.↵7. Hughes, C.S. (October 1984). “Importance of Asphalt Compaction.”Better Roads, Vol. 54, No.10. pp. 22-24.↵8. Hughes, C.S. (1989). National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis of HighwayPractice 152: Compaction of Asphalt Pavement. Transportation Research Board, NationalResearch Council. Washington, D.C.↵9. Scherocman, J.A. and Martenson, E.D. (1984). Placement of Asphalt ConcreteMixtures. Placement and Compaction of Asphalt Mixtures, F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM SpecialTechnical Publication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia, PA. pp.3-27.↵10. Transportation Research Board (TRB). (2000). Hot-Mix Asphalt Paving Handbook2000. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.↵。

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准第2.1。

1条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等.第2.1.2条公路highway联结城市、乡村,主要供汽车行驶的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2。

1.3条城市道路city road;urban road在城市范围内,供车辆及行人通行的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2.1.4条厂矿道路factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路.第2.1。

5条林区道路forest road建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路.第2。

1。

6条乡村道路country road建在乡村、农场,主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。

第2.1。

7条道路工程road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第2。

1.8条道路网road network在一定区域内,由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。

在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第2。

1.9条道路(网)密度density of road network在一定区域内,道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值.第2.1。

10条道路技术标准technical standard of road根据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件,确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定.第2。

1。

11条设计车辆design vehicle道路设计所采用的汽车车型,以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据.第2。

1。

12条特种车辆special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。

第2.1。

13条计算行车速度(设计车速)design speed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所采用的行车速度。

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准第 2.1.1条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。

第 2.1.2条公路highway联结城市、乡村,主要供汽车行驶的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第 2.1.3条城市道路cityroad;urbanroad在城市范围内,供车辆及行人通行的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第 2.1.4条厂矿道路factoriesandminesroad主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。

第 2.1.5条林区道路forestroad建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。

第 2.1.6条乡村道路countryroad建在乡村、农场,主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。

第 2.1.7条道路工程roadengineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第 2.1.8条道路网roadnetwork在一定区域内,由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。

在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第 2.1.9条道路(网)密度densityofroadnetwork在一定区域内,道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值。

第 2.1.10条道路技术标准technicalstandardofroad根据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件,确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。

第 2.1.11条设计车辆designvehicle道路设计所采用的汽车车型,以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据。

第 2.1.12条特种车辆specialvehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。

第 2.1.13条计算行车速度(设计车速)designspeed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所采用的行车速度。

第 2.1.14条道路建筑限界boundarylineofroadconstruction为保证车辆和行人正常通行,规定在道路的一定宽度和高度范围内不允许有任何设施及障碍物侵入的空间范围。

道路项目介绍范文

道路项目介绍范文

道路项目介绍范文(中英文实用版)英文文档内容:Road Project Introduction ExampleIntroduction:The road project we are introducing is a significant infrastructure development that aims to improve connectivity, enhance transportation efficiency, and promote economic growth in the region.This comprehensive project encompasses the construction, rehabilitation, and upgrading of various road segments, ensuring smoother traffic flow, safer travel, and better accessibility to essential services and facilities.Objectives:Our primary objective is to construct a new road that will connect two major cities, providing a direct and efficient route for commuters and goods transportation.Additionally, the project includes the widening and improvement of existing roads to accommodate increased traffic volume and promote safer driving conditions.Scope:The project scope includes the following key components:1.New road construction: We plan to build a new 60-kilometer road that will serve as a vital link between the two cities, reducing travel time and improving connectivity.2.Existing road rehabilitation: We will rehabilitate 40 kilometers of existing roads, including pavement repairs, resurfacing, and infrastructure upgrades.3.Intersection improvements: Enhancements to 10 major intersections along the road network will be made to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion.4.Safety features: The project will incorporate safety features such as traffic signals, sidewalks, bike lanes, and pedestrian crossings to ensure the well-being of all road users.5.Environmental considerations: We will implement measures to minimize the environmental impact, including the planting of trees along the roadside and the use of eco-friendly construction materials.Benefits:The road project will bring about numerous benefits to the region:1.Economic growth: Improved connectivity will attract investments, stimulate business growth, and create job opportunities in the area.2.Enhanced mobility: Commuters will experience reduced travel time and increased convenience, leading to better work-life balance.3.Safer travel: The rehabilitation and upgrading of roads will result in improved driving conditions, reducing the risk of accidents and fatalities.4.Accessibility: Better road infrastructure will provide easier access to essential services, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions forresidents in the region.5.Environmental sustainability: The implementation of safety features and eco-friendly practices will contribute to a safer and more environmentally conscious community.Conclusion:In conclusion, this road project is a vital infrastructure development that will significantly improve connectivity, efficiency, and economic growth in the region.With its comprehensive scope and numerous benefits, it is a testament to our commitment to building a better and more accessible future for all.中文文档内容:道路项目介绍范文引言:我们介绍的道路项目是一个重要基础设施发展项目,旨在提高连通性,增强交通效率,促进地区经济增长。

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准第2.1.1条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施.按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。

第2.1.2条公路highway联结城市、乡村,主要供汽车行驶的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2。

1。

3条城市道路city road;urban road在城市范围内,供车辆及行人通行的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2。

1。

4条厂矿道路factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。

第2.1。

5条林区道路forest road建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。

第2。

1.6条乡村道路country road建在乡村、农场,主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。

第2。

1。

7条道路工程road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第2。

1。

8条道路网road network在一定区域内,由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级公路组成的称公路网.在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第2.1.9条道路(网)密度density of road network在一定区域内,道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值。

第2.1。

10条道路技术标准technical standard of road根据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件,确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。

第2.1。

11条设计车辆design vehicle道路设计所采用的汽车车型,以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据。

第2.1。

12条特种车辆special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆.第2。

1.13条计算行车速度(设计车速)design speed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所采用的行车速度。

道路路桥工程中英文对照外文翻译文献

道路路桥工程中英文对照外文翻译文献

道路路桥工程中英文对照外文翻译文献Asphalt Mixtures: ns。

Theory。

and Principles1.nsXXX industry。

XXX。

The most common n of asphalt is in the n of XXX "flexible" XXX them from those made with Portland cement。

XXX2.XXXXXX the use of aggregates。

XXX。

sand。

or gravel。

and a binder。

XXX for the pavement。

XXX。

The quality of the asphalt XXX to the performance of the pavement。

as it must be able to XXX。

3.PrinciplesXXX。

with each layer XXX layers typically include a subgrade。

a sub-base。

a base course。

and a surface course。

The subgrade is the natural soil or rock upon which the pavement is built。

while the sub-base and base courses provide nal support for the pavement。

The surface course is the layer that comes into direct contact with traffic and is XXX。

In n。

the use of XXX.The n of flexible pavement can be subdivided into high and low types。

工程施工常用英语

工程施工常用英语

工程施工常用英语1. Construction Site1.1 Construction site: a piece of ground where construction work is taking place.1.2 Site layout: The arrangement of structures, utilities, and equipment on a construction site.1.3 Temporary facilities: Temporary structures set up on a construction site to facilitate the construction process, such as temporary offices, restrooms, and storage areas.1.4 Safety signs: Signs placed around a construction site to warn workers and visitors of potential hazards.1.5 Site amenities: Facilities provided on a construction site for the comfort and convenience of workers, such as break areas, water coolers, and restrooms.2. Construction Equipment2.1 Excavator: A large machine used for digging and moving earth and rocks.2.2 Bulldozer: A heavy-duty machine equipped with a wide metal blade used for pushing earth and rocks.2.3 Crane: A tall, long-armed machine used for lifting heavy materials and equipment on a construction site.2.4 Concrete mixer: A machine used to mix and transport concrete on a construction site.2.5 Forklift: A small vehicle equipped with a lifting mechanism used for moving heavy materials and equipment.3. Construction Materials3.1 Concrete: A mixture of cement, water, and aggregate used as a building material.3.2 Steel: A strong and durable metal commonly used in construction for structural elements.3.3 Wood: A versatile material used for framing, finishing, and other construction purposes.3.4 Bricks: Small rectangular blocks made of clay or concrete used for building walls, pavements, and other structures.3.5 Asphalt: A black, sticky substance used for surfacing roads and pavements.4. Construction Processes4.1 Excavation: The process of digging and removing earth and rocks from a construction site.4.2 Foundation: The base of a building that supports the structure and distributes its weight to the ground.4.3 Framing: The process of constructing the basic structure of a building using wood or steel beams.4.4 Roofing: The process of installing a protective covering over a building to prevent water infiltration.4.5 Finishing: The final stage of construction that involves painting, flooring, and other cosmetic touches.5. Construction Safety5.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE): Clothing and equipment worn by workers to protect them from workplace hazards.5.2 Fall protection: Measures taken to prevent workers from falling from elevated surfaces, such as guardrails and safety harnesses.5.3 Hazard communication: The process of informing workers about potential hazards in the workplace and how to avoid them.5.4 Emergency response: Procedures put in place to respond to accidents, injuries, and other emergencies on a construction site.5.5 OSHA regulations: Safety guidelines set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to protect workers on construction sites.6. Construction Management6.1 Project manager: The person responsible for overseeing a construction project from start to finish.6.2 Scheduling: The process of creating a timeline for a construction project and assigning tasks to workers to ensure it is completed on time.6.3 Budgeting: The process of estimating and tracking the costs of a construction project to ensure it stays within budget.6.4 Quality control: Measures taken to ensure that construction work meets industry standards and client expectations.6.5 Subcontractors: Workers hired by the main contractor to perform specific tasks on a construction project.7. Construction Communication7.1 Daily reports: Written reports submitted by workers at the end of each workday detailing progress, issues, and other relevant information.7.2 Meetings: Scheduled gatherings of project stakeholders to discuss progress, address issues, and make decisions about a construction project.7.3 Email: Electronic messages sent between project stakeholders to communicate important information about a construction project.7.4 Phone calls: Conversations held between project stakeholders over the phone to discuss urgent matters related to a construction project.7.5 Documentation: Written records of important information related to a construction project, such as contracts, permits, and plans.8. Construction Challenges8.1 Weather: Adverse weather conditions, such as rain, snow, and extreme temperatures, can delay construction work and impact worker safety.8.2 Supply chain disruptions: Issues with the timely delivery of construction materials and equipment can cause delays and increase costs.8.3 Regulatory compliance: Meeting government regulations and building codes can be challenging and time-consuming for construction projects.8.4 Labor shortages: Shortages of skilled workers in the construction industry can make it difficult to complete projects on time and within budget.8.5 Design changes: Changes to the original plans and specifications of a construction project can lead to delays, cost overruns, and conflicts among stakeholders.In conclusion, construction projects involve a wide range of processes, materials, equipment, and challenges that require effective management, communication, and safety measures to ensure successful completion. By understanding and addressing these common aspects of engineering construction, project stakeholders can work together to achieve their goals and deliver high-quality, safe, and cost-effective projects.。

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准第条道路road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其运用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。

第条公路highway联结城市、乡村,主要供汽车行驶的具备确定技术条件和设施的道路。

第条城市道路city road;urban road在城市范围内,供车辆及行人通行的具备确定技术条件和设施的道路。

第条厂矿道路factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。

第条林区道路forest road建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。

第条乡村道路country road建在乡村、农场,主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。

第条道路工程road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第条道路网road network在确定区域内,由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。

在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第条道路(网)密度density of road network在确定区域内,道路网的总里程和该区域面积的比值。

第条道路技术标准technical standard of road依据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件,确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。

第条设计车辆design vehicle道路设计所接受的汽车车型,以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据。

第条特种车辆special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。

第条计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所接受的行车速度。

第条道路建筑限界boundary line of road construction为保证车辆和行人正常通行,规定在道路的确定宽度和高度范围内不允许有任何设施及障碍物侵入的空间范围。

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准第2.1.1条道路 road供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其使用特点分为公路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。

第2.1.2条公路 highway联结城市、乡村,主要供汽车行驶的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2.1.3条城市道路 city road;urban road在城市范围内,供车辆及行人通行的具备一定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2.1.4条厂矿道路 factories and mines road主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。

第2.1.5条林区道路 forest road建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。

第2.1.6条乡村道路 country road建在乡村、农场,主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。

第2.1.7条道路工程 road engineering以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第2.1.8条道路网 road network在一定区域内,由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级公路组成的称公路网。

在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第2.1.9条道路(网)密度 density of road network在一定区域内,道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值。

第2.1.10条道路技术标准 technical standard of road根据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件,确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。

第2.1.11条设计车辆 design vehicle道路设计所采用的汽车车型,以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据。

第2.1.12条特种车辆 special vehicle外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。

第2.1.13条计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed道路几何设计(包括平曲线半径、纵坡、视距等)所采用的行车速度。

英语课程中的工程技术基础词汇

英语课程中的工程技术基础词汇

英语课程中的工程技术基础词汇在工程领域的学习和实践中,掌握基础的工程技术词汇对于提高学习效果和专业素养至关重要。

在英语课程中,学习和掌握与工程技术相关的词汇同样重要。

本文将介绍一些在英语课程中常见的工程技术基础词汇,以帮助学习者更好地理解和应用这些词汇。

一、施工工艺(Construction Techniques)1. 基础工程(Foundation Engineering)- 研究土壤和岩石的性质以及建筑物基础的设计与建造。

2. 结构工程(Structural Engineering)- 研究建筑物和桥梁等结构体系的设计和施工。

3. 混凝土技术(Concrete Technology)- 研究混凝土的性质、配合比和施工等相关技术。

4. 钢结构技术(Steel Structure Technology)- 研究钢结构的设计、制造和施工。

5. 土木工程(Civil Engineering)- 研究公共基础设施(如道路、桥梁、渠道等)的设计和施工。

二、测量与测绘(Surveying and Mapping)1. 三角测量(Trigonometric Surveying)- 利用三角形的几何原理进行测量和定位。

2. 地形测量(Topographic Surveying)- 测绘地表地形、地势和自然特征的方法和技术。

3. 全站仪(Total Station)- 可以测量距离、角度和高差等参数的仪器设备。

4. GPS定位(Global Positioning System)- 利用全球卫星定位系统进行测量和定位。

5. GIS地理信息系统(Geographic Information System)- 结合地图和数据分析的计算机系统,用于存储、管理和分析地理信息。

三、工程材料(Engineering Materials)1. 混凝土(Concrete)- 由水泥、砂、骨料等按一定比例配制而成的建筑材料。

2. 钢铁(Steel)- 一种常见的金属材料,用于制作结构框架、钢筋等。

道路工程施工流程英文步骤

道路工程施工流程英文步骤

1. Project Planning and DesignThe first step in road construction is project planning and design. This involves analyzing the project requirements, preparing detailed design plans, and obtaining necessary permits. The project manager, along with the design team, works on the following activities:- Identifying project objectives and scope- Conducting feasibility studies- Preparing design plans and specifications- Obtaining environmental clearances and permits- Establishing project timelines and budget2. Site PreparationOnce the project is approved, the site preparation phase begins. This involves clearing the site of any vegetation, debris, and existing structures. The following activities are carried out:- Excavating and removing topsoil- Establishing temporary construction facilities, such as a site office, storage sheds, and labor camps- Constructing access roads and temporary utilities3. Substructure ConstructionThe substructure is the foundation of the road, providing support to the surface layers. This phase involves the following activities:- Excavating and preparing the subgrade- Laying down subgrade base courses, which may include gravel, crushed stone, or concrete- Compacting the base course using rollers or compactors- Laying down the subbase course, which provides additional support to the road structure- Compacting the subbase course4. Roadway ConstructionThe roadway construction phase involves laying down the various layers of the road, including the subgrade, base course, subbase course, and surface course. The following activities are carried out:- Excavating and preparing the subgrade- Laying down and compacting the base course- Laying down and compacting the subbase course- Laying down the surface course, which may include asphalt or concrete- Compacting the surface course using rollers or compactors5. Roadside ConstructionRoadside construction includes the construction of features such as guardrails, signage, and drainage systems. The following activities are carried out:- Constructing guardrails and barriers- Installing signage and road markings- Constructing and maintaining drainage systems, including culverts and stormwater management facilities6. Road Opening and MaintenanceOnce the road construction is complete, the road is opened for traffic. The following activities are carried out during this phase:- Conducting road opening ceremonies- Ensuring the road is safe for traffic- Providing maintenance services, such as road repairs and routine maintenance7. Project Completion and HandoverThe final phase of the road construction project is completion and handover. This involves:- Ensuring all project deliverables are completed- Conducting final inspections and quality control checks- Submitting project documentation and reports- Handing over the road to the client or local authority- Conducting post-construction surveys and assessmentsIn conclusion, the road construction project execution process involves several critical steps, from planning and design to project completion and handover. Each phase requires careful planning, execution, and coordination to ensure the successful completion of the project. Proper execution of these steps will result in a safe, durable, and functional road that meets the needs of the community.。

道路工程术语标准中英文对照(Word最新版)

道路工程术语标准中英文对照(Word最新版)

道路工程术语标准中英文比照通过整理的道路工程术语标准中英文比照相关文档,渴望对大家有所扶植,感谢观看!第2.1.1 条道路road 供各种车辆和行人等通行的工程设施。

按其运用特点分为马路、城市道路、厂矿道路、林区道路及乡村道路等。

第2.1.2 条马路highway 联结城市、乡村,主要供汽车行驶的具备确定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2.1.3 条城市道路city road;urban road 在城市范围内,供车辆及行人通行的具备确定技术条件和设施的道路。

第2.1.4 条厂矿道路factories and mines road 主要供工厂、矿山运输车辆通行的道路。

第2.1.5 条林区道路forest road 建在林区,主要供各种林业运输工具通行的道路。

第2.1.6 条乡村道路country road 建在乡村、农场,主要供行人及各种农业运输工具通行的道路。

第 2.1.7 条道路工程road engineering 以道路为对象而进行的规划、勘测、设计、施工等技术活动的全过程及其所从事的工程实体。

第2.1.8 条道路网road network 在确定区域内,由各种道路组成的相互联络、交织成网状分布的道路系统。

全部由各级马路组成的称马路网。

在城市范围内由各种道路组成的称城市道路网。

第2.1.9 条道路(网)密度density of road network 在确定区域内,道路网的总里程与该区域面积的比值。

第2.1.10 条道路技术标准technical standard of road 依据道路的性质、交通量及其所处地点的自然条件,确定道路应达到的各项技术指标和规定。

第 2.1.11 条设计车辆design vehicle 道路设计所接受的汽车车型,以其外廓尺寸、重量、运转特性等特征作为道路设计的依据第2.1.12 条特种车辆special vehicle 外廓尺寸、重量等方面超过设计车辆限界的及特殊用途的车辆。

公路工程专用词汇

公路工程专用词汇

道路工程英文翻译术语abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier 制动墩acceleration lane 加速车道accidental load 偶然荷载accommodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 爆破作用圈additional stake 加桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture 反坡安全线aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读ageing 老化aggregate 集料(骨料)air hardining 气硬性alignment design ( 城市道路)平面设计,线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line 比较线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式挡土墙anchored retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annual ***erage daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti-creep heap ( 厂矿道路)挡车堆anti-dizzling screen 防炫屏(遮光栅) antiskid heap ( 厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road ( 厂内)主干道,(城市)主干路asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at-grade intersection 平面交叉auxiliary lane 附加车道***erage consistency (of soil) 土的)平均稠度***erage gradient 平均纵坡aximuth angle 方位角balance weight retaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 基本通行能力beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark 水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam 杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪) bent cap 盖梁berm 护坡道binder 结合料binder course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen ( 沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete p***ement 沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam p***ement 沥青碎石路面bituminous moxture 沥青混合料bituminous p***ement 沥青路面bituminous penetration p***ement 沥青贯入式路面biuminous surface treatment ( 沥青)表面处治blasting crater 爆破漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动爆破blasting for throwing rock 抛掷爆破blasting procedure 土石方爆破bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石blow up 拱胀boring 钻探boring log ( 道路)地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit 取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road ( 城市)支路,(厂内)支道bridge 桥梁bridge decking 桥面系bridge deck p***ement 桥面铺装bridge floor expantion and contraction installation traction installation 桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erection equpment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment 埋置式桥台bus bay 公交(车辆)停靠站bypass 绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥(斜张桥)Cableway erecting equipment 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio (CBR) 加州承载比(CBR) California bearing ratio tester 加州承载比(CBR) 测定仪camber cruve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 交叉口通行能力capacity of network 路网通行能力capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass 畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土cemint concrete p***ement 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete p***ement 水泥混凝土路面center-island 中心岛center lane 中间车道center line of raod 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通shannelization island 导流岛channelized intrersection 分道转弯式交叉口chip 石屑chute 急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay-bound macadam 泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for highway 公路自然区划climbing lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange 苜蓿叶形立体交叉coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier 柱式墩combination-type road system 混合式道路系统compaction 压实compaction test 击实试验compaction test apparatus 击实仪compactmess test 压实度试验composite beam bridge 联合梁桥composite pipe line 综合管道(综合管廊) compound curve 复曲线conc***e vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner ( 水泥混凝土)路面清缝机concrete joint sealer ( 水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete p***er 水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw ( 水泥混凝土)路面锯缝机附录英汉术语对照索引cone penetrantion test 触探试验onflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit (of soil) ( 土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥contourline 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point 路线控制点converging 合流convex vertining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfout retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutmen 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路(县道),乡道creep 徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形交叉cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-sectional profile 横断面图cross-sectional survey 横断面测量crown 路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb 路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut 挖方cut corner for sight line ( 路口)截角cut-fill transition 土方调配cut-fill transition 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle track 自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of compaction 压实度delay 延误density of road network 道路(网)密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsign elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程design frequency ( 排水)设计重现期edsign hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of evevation ( 城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical alignment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度(设计车速)design traffic capacity 设计通行能力design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desiged dldvation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machine 狄法尔磨耗试验机(双筒式磨耗试验机)diamond interchange 菱形立体交叉differential photo 微分法测图direction angle 方向角directional interchange 定向式立体交叉diverging 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by pumping station ( 立体交叉)泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry concrtet 干硬性混凝土ductility (of bitumen) ( 沥青)延度ductilometer ( 沥青)延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econnomical hauling distance 土方调配经济运距element support 构件支撑elevation 高程(标高)embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 乳化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method 纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearing 活动支座expansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway ( 城市)快速路external destance 外(矢)距fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory-out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferry 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of viaion 视野fill 填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 竣工测量fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing 固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式交叉口flash 闪点flash point tester (open cup method) 闪点仪(开口杯式) flexible p***ement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford 过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路foundation 基础free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt p***ement 全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting 功能栽植general scour under bridge opening 桥下一般冲刷geological section ( 道路)地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone ( 路用)石料等级grade change point 变坡点grade compensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面交叉grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体交叉grade-separated junction 立体交叉graded aggregate p***ement 级配路面brader 平地机grain composition 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gr***el 砾石gr***ity pier (abutment) 重力式墩、台gr***ity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt 绿化带gridiron road system 棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟(偏沟)gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水half-through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度haul road 运材道路he***y maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge 绿篱height of cut and fill at ceneter stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type p***ement 高级路面highway 公路highway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法hot stability (of bitumen) ( 沥青)热稳性hydraulic computation 水力计算hydraulic computation 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunnelling method 沉埋法inbound traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste ( 路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder 无机结合料instrument station 测站intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting detch 截水沟interchange 互通式立体交叉interchange woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体交叉intermediate maintenance 中修intermediate type p***ement 中级路面intersection ( 平面)交叉口intersection angle 交叉角,转角intersection entrance 交叉口进口intersection exit 交叉口出口intersection plan 交叉口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corners 加宽转角式交叉口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑land slide 坍方lane 车道lane-width 车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve ( 平曲线)横净距lay-by 紧急停车带level of service 道路服务水平leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line development 展线linking-up road 联络线,连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限living fence 绿篱load 荷载loading berm 反压护道lading combinations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板lading platetest 承载板试验local scour near pier 桥墩局部冲刷local traffic 境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测lock bolt support woth shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土longitudinal beam 纵梁longitudinal gradient 纵坡longitudinal joint 纵缝loop ramp 环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testion machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机machine ( 搁板式磨耗试验机)low rype p***ement 低级路面main beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期manhole 检查井marginal strip 路缘带marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability test 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume 年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight ( 标准)最大干密度maximum longitudinal gradient 最大纵坡mine tunnelling method 矿山法mineral aggregate 矿料mineral powder 矿粉mini-roundabout 微形环交minimum height of fill ( 路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum radius of horizontal curve 最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixing method 拌和法mixture 混合料model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量modulus ratio 模量比monthly ***erage daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud 淤泥multiple-leg intersection 多岔交叉mational trunk highway 国家干线公路(国道) matural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷natural subsoil 天然地基n***igable water level 通航水位nearside lane 外侧车道net-shaped cracking 路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥法observation point 测点one-way ramp 单向匝道open cut method 明挖法open cut tunnel 明洞open spandrel arch bridge 空腹拱桥opencast mine road 露天矿山道路operating speed 运行速度iptimum gradation 最佳级配iptimum moisture conter 最佳含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic binder 有机结合料origin-destination study 起迄点调查outbound traffic 出境交通outlet submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道overall speed 区间速度overlay of p***ement 罩面overpass grade separation 上跨铁路立体交叉overtaking lane 超车车道overtaking sight distance 超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test 含蜡量试验parent soil 原状土parking lane 停车车道parking lot 停车场parking station 公交(车辆)停靠站part out-part fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口passing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护p***ed crosing 道口铺面p***ement 路面p***ement pression 路面沉陷p***ement recapping 路面翻修p***ement slab pumping 路面板唧泥p***ement spalling 路面碎裂p***emengthening 路面补强p***ement structure layer 路面结构层附录英汉术语对照索引p***emill 路面铣削机(刨路机)peak hourly volume 高峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass 人行地道penetration macadam with coated chips 上拌下贯式(沥青) chips 路面penetration method 贯入法penetration test apparatus 长杆贯入仪penetration (of bitumen) ( 沥青)针入度penetrometer ( 沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permaf rost 多年冻土permanent load 永久荷载perviousness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图pier 桥墩pile and pland retaining wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drainage 管道排水pit test 坑探pitching method 铺砌法plain stage of slope 边坡平台plain terrain 平原区plan view ( 路线)平面图plane design ( 城市道路)平面设计plane sketch ( 道路)平面示意图planimetric photo 综合法测图plant mixing method 厂拌法plasticity index 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数poisson's ratio 泊松比polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率porotable pendulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行能力post-tensioning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽preliminary survey 初测preloading method 预压法prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge 预应力混凝土桥prestresed steel bar drawing jack 张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 生产干线productive branch road 生产支线profile design 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete 水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路(省道)railroad grade crossing ( 铁路)道口ramp 匝道rebound deflection 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous p***ement 再生沥青路面reconnaissance 踏勘red clay 红粘土reference stake 护桩referencion crack 反射裂缝refuge island 安全岛regulating structure 调治构造物reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete p***ement 钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall 加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content (of soil) ( 土的)相对含水量relief road 辅道residential street 居住区道路resultant gradient 合成坡度retaining wall 挡土墙revelling of p***ement 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge crossing line 越岭线ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid p***ement 刚性路面rigid-type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road 道路road alignment 道路线形road appearance 路容road eara per sitizen ( 城市)人均道路面积road area ratio ( 城市)道路面积率road axis 道路轴线road bed 路床road bitumen 路用沥青road condition 路况road condition survey 路况调查road crossing ( 平面)交叉口road crossing design 交叉口设计road engineering 道路工程road feasibility study ( 道路工程)可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection 道路交叉(路线交叉)road mixing method 路拌法road netword 道路网road network planning 道路网规划road planting 道路绿化road project ( 道路工程)方案图road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabion 石笼roller 压路机rolled cementoncerete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain 微丘区rotary interchage 环形立体交叉rotary intersection 环形交叉roundabout 环形交叉route development 展线rout of road 道路路线route selection 选线routine maintenance 小修保养rubble 片石running speed 行驶速度rural road 郊区道路saddle back 垭口safety belt 安全带safety fence 防护栅salty soil 盐渍土sand 砂sanddrain (sand pile) 砂井sand gr***el 砂砾sand hazard 沙害sand mat of subgrade 排水砂垫层sand patch test 铺砂试验sand pile 砂桩sand protection facilities 防沙设施sand ratio 砂率sand sweeping 回砂sand sweeping equipment 回砂机sandy soil 砂性土saturated soil 饱和土scraper 铲运机seal coat 封层secondary trunk road ( 厂内)次干道,(城市)次干路seepage well 渗水井segregation 离析semi-rigid type base 半刚性基层separate facilties 分隔设施separator 分隔带sheep-foot roll 羊足压路机(羊足碾) shelter belt 护路林shield 盾构(盾构挖掘机)shield tunnelling method 盾构法shoulder 路肩shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 边沟side slope 边坡side walk 人行道sieve analysis 筛分sight distance 视距sight distance of intersection 路口视距sight line 视线sight triangle 视距三角形silty soil 粉性土simple supported beam bridge 简支梁桥singl direction thrusted pier 单向推力墩single-sizeaggregat 同粒径集料siphon culvert 倒虹涵skew bridge 斜交桥skew bridge 斜桥skid road 集材道路slab bridge 板桥slab culvert 盖板涵slab staggerting 错位slide 滑坡slope protection 护坡slump 坍落度snow hazard 雪害snow plough 除雪机snow protection facilities 防雪设施soft ground 软弱地基soft soil 软土softening point tester (ring ball) ( 沥青)软化点议仪method ( 环—球法)softening point (of bitumen) 沥青)软化点solubility (of bitumen) ( 沥青)溶解度space headway 车头间距space mean speed 空间平均速度span 跨径span by span method 移动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch 腹拱spandrel structure 拱上结构special vehicle 特种车辆speed-change lane 变速车道splitting test 劈裂试验spot speed 点速度spreading in layers 层铺法springing 弹簧现象stabilizer 稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course 稳定土基层stage for heating soil and broken rock 碎落台stagered junction 错位交叉stand axial loading 标准轴截steel bridge 钢筋冷墩机steel bridge 钢桥steel exention machie 钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus 劲度stone coating test 石料裹覆试验stone crusher 碎石机stone spreader 碎石撒布机stopping sight distance 停车视距stopping truck heap ( 厂矿道路)阻车堤street 街道street draianage 街道排水street planting 街道绿化street trees 行道树strengthening layer 补强层strengthening of structure 加固stringer 纵梁striping test for aggregate 集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel 隧道建筑限界sub-high type p***ement 次高级路面subgrade 路基subgrade drainage 路基排水。

道路桥梁与渡河工程专业介绍英文版

道路桥梁与渡河工程专业介绍英文版

道路桥梁与渡河工程专业介绍英文版Introduction to Road and Bridge EngineeringRoad and bridge engineering is a specialized field within civil engineering that focuses on the design, construction, and maintenance of roads, highways, bridges, and other transportation infrastructure. It plays a crucial role in the development and improvement of transportation systems, ensuring safe and efficient movement of people and goods.In road engineering, professionals are involved in the planning and design of various types of roadways, including urban streets, highways, and interchanges. They consider factors such as traffic volume, speed limits, road alignment, and pavement type to create designs that meet the needs of users while ensuring safety and sustainability. Road engineers also work on projects related to traffic management, geometric design, and road safety.Bridge engineering, on the other hand, deals with the design and construction of bridges that provide essential connections over obstacles such as rivers, valleys, and highways. Bridge engineers use techniques such as structural analysis to ensure the stability and durability of bridges, taking into account factors like water flow, wind forces, and seismic activity. They work on a wide range of bridge types, including beam bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges.In addition to design and construction, road and bridge engineers also play a critical role in the maintenance and rehabilitation of existing infrastructure. They assess the condition of roads andbridges, develop plans for repairs and upgrades, and oversee the implementation of these measures. This helps to extend the lifespan of infrastructure and maintain its functionality.With the advancement of technology, road and bridge engineering professionals also need to stay updated with the latest developments in the field. They utilize computer-aided design software, simulation tools, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assist in the design process and improve decision-making. Additionally, they may be involved in the utilization of sustainable materials and construction practices to minimize the environmental impact of transportation infrastructure.Overall, road and bridge engineering is a challenging and rewarding field that combines technical skills, creativity, and a deep understanding of transportation systems. Professionals in this field play a crucial role in improving connectivity and creating safer and more efficient transportation networks.。

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准中英文对照

道路工程术语标准中英文对照----------专专最好文~专专专服专~急所急~供所需档你你你-------------文下专最佳的地方档道路工程专专专准第2.1.1条道路 road供各专专专和行人等通行的工程专施。

按其使用特点分专公路、城市道路、专道厂路、林道路及专村道路等。

区第2.1.2条公路 highway专专城市、专村~主要供汽专行专的具专一定技专件和专施的道路。

条第2.1.3条城市道路 city road~urban road 在城市范专~供专专及行人通行的具专一定技专件和专施的道路。

内条第2.1.4条厂专道路 factories and mines road 主要供工、专山专专专通行的道路。

厂运第2.1.5条区林道路 forest road建在林~主要供各专林专专工具通行的道路。

区运第2.1.6条专村道路 country road建在专村、专专~主要供行人及各专专专专工具通行的道路。

运第2.1.7条道路工程 road engineering 以道路专专象而专行的专、勘专、专专、施工等技专活专的全专程及其所事的工程专。

划从体第2.1.8条网道路 road network在一定域~由各专道路专成的相互专专、交专成分布的道路系专。

全部由各区内网状专公路专成的公路。

在城市范专由各专道路专成的城市道路。

称网内称网第2.1.9条道路(网)密度 density of road network 在一定域~道路的专里程专专域面专的比专。

区内网与区第2.1.10条道路技专专准 technical standard of road根据道路的性专、交通量及其所专地点的自然件~定道路专到的各专技专指条确达专和专定。

第2.1.11条专专专专 design vehicle道路专专所采用的汽专专型~以其外廓尺寸、重量、专特性等特征作专道路专专的依运据。

第2.1.12条特专专专 special vehicle 外廓尺寸、重量等方面超专专专专专限界的及特殊用途的专专。

各类专业工程施工英文名称

各类专业工程施工英文名称

各类专业工程施工英文名称如下:1. 建筑工程(Construction Engineering)- 建筑施工(Building Construction)- 土建工程(Civil Engineering)- 钢结构工程(Steel Structure Engineering)- 装饰工程(Decoration Engineering)- 防水工程(Waterproofing Engineering)- 地基与基础工程(Foundation and Basic Engineering) - 幕墙工程(Curtain Wall Engineering)- 园林绿化工程(Landscaping Engineering)2. 市政工程(Municipal Engineering)- 道路工程(Road Engineering)- 桥梁工程(Bridge Engineering)- 隧道工程(Tunnel Engineering)- 给排水工程(Drainage Engineering)- 供电工程(Power Supply Engineering)- 燃气工程(Gas Engineering)- 通信工程(Communication Engineering)3. 电力工程(Power Engineering)- 发电工程(Power Generation Engineering)- 输电工程(Transmission Engineering)- 变电工程(Substation Engineering)- 配电工程(Distribution Engineering)- 电缆工程(Cable Engineering)4. 水利工程(Hydraulic Engineering)- 水库工程(Reservoir Engineering)- 河道工程(River Engineering)- 港口工程(Port Engineering)- 防洪工程(Flood Control Engineering)- 灌溉工程(Irrigation Engineering)5. 环境工程(Environmental Engineering)- 污水处理工程(Sewage Treatment Engineering)- 固废处理工程(Waste Disposal Engineering)- 环保设施工程(Environmental Protection Facility Engineering) - 环境监测工程(Environmental Monitoring Engineering)6. 交通工程(Transportation Engineering)- 公路工程(Highway Engineering)- 铁路工程(Railway Engineering)- 机场工程(Airport Engineering)- 轨道交通工程(Rapid Transit Engineering)7. 矿业工程(Mining Engineering)- 矿山开采工程(Mine Mining Engineering)- 矿井工程(Mine Engineering)- 选矿工程(Mineral Processing Engineering)8. 机械设备安装工程(Mechanical Equipment Installation Engineering) - 设备安装工程(Equipment Installation Engineering)- 自动化控制系统工程(Automation Control System Engineering)- 仪表安装工程(Instrument Installation Engineering)9. 园林景观工程(Landscape Engineering)- 景观设计工程(Landscape Design Engineering)- 景观施工工程(Landscape Construction Engineering)- 景观规划工程(Landscape Planning Engineering)10. 照明工程(Illumination Engineering)- 道路照明工程(Road Illumination Engineering)- 室内照明工程(Indoor Illumination Engineering)- 景观照明工程(Landscape Illumination Engineering)以上各类专业工程施工英文名称仅作参考,实际应用中可能会有所不同。

道路工程(专业英语)

道路工程(专业英语)

Road worksRoads resulting from human activities associated with,And to promote social progress and development,Is a symbol of history and civilization、A sign of scientific progress,The original road is formed by people trampling trails。

After the requirements have a better road,Borrow pit fill,Frame wood across the river to Easy access。

Mid-18th century,Modern road construction began in Europe the rise. In 1747 the first bridge to establish the school in Paris. Teresa French P.-M.-J. cover、British Mark T. Telford and J.L. when other Engineers propose a new pavement structure theory and practice, Laid the foundation of modern road construction. 1883 - 1885 Germany G.W. Daimler、C.F. Benz invented the道路伴同人类活动而产生,又促进社会的进步和发展,是历史文明的象征、科学进步的标志,原始的道路是由人践踏而成的小径。

以后要求有更好的道路,取土填坑,架木过溪,以利通行。

18世纪中叶,现代道路工程开始在欧洲兴起。

1747年第一所桥路学校在巴黎建立。

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OverviewCon struct ion quality is crucial to the Ion g-term p aveme nt p erforma nee. Con struct ion factors such as surface prep aratio n, pl aceme nt, jo int con struct ion and compaction/con solidati on have an overwhel ming effect on p aveme nt p erforma nee, which cannot be ignored or compen sated for in mix or structural desig n.Comp acti onComp acti on is the pro cess by which the volume of air in an HMA mixture is reduced by using exter nal forces to reorie nt the con stitue nt aggregate p articles into a more closely sp aced arran geme nt. This reducti on of air volume p roduces a corres ponding in crease in HMA den sity (Roberts et al., 1996巴).Figure 1: A Steel Wheel and a Pn eumatic Tire Roller Worki ng Side-by-Side.Comp acti on is the greatest determ ining factor in dense graded p aveme nt p erforma nee(Scherocman and Martenson, 1984 同;Scherocman, 1984 回;Geller, 1984 凶;Brown, 1984 旦;Bell et. al., 1984 径 Hughes, 1984 囚;Hughes, 1989 回).I nadequate com paction results in a pavement withdecreasedstiffness , reduced fatigue life , accelerated aging/decreaseddurability , rutting , raveling , and moisture susceptibility (Hughes, 1984 0; Hughes, 1989 固).Comp acti on Measureme nt and ReportingCompaction reduces the volume of air inHMA . Therefore, the characteristic of concern isthe volume of air withi n the comp acted p aveme nt, which is typ ically qua ntified as a p erce ntage of air voids in relation to total volume and exp ressed asPercent air voids is calculated by comparing a test sp ecime n would theoretically have if all the air voids were removed, known as.density (TMD) or “ Rice den sity ” after the test pro cedure inven tor.Although p erce nt air voids is the HMA characteristic of in terest, measureme nts are usually rep orted as af 尸八SX 11:CC<■■ I”percent air voids's density with the density ittheoretical maximum t 3o整产dmeasured den sity in relati on to a refere nee den sity. This is done by reporting den sity as: Percen tage of TMD (or“ percent Rice ” ). This expression of density is easy to con vert to air voids because anyvolume that is not asp halt bin der or aggregate is assumed to be air. For exa mple, a den sity reported as 93 p erce nt Rice means that there are 7 perce nt air voids (100% -93% = 7%).Percen tage of a laboratory-determ ined den sity. The laboratory den sity is usually a den sity obtained duri ng mix desig n.Percen tage of a con trol stri p den sity. A con trol stri p is a short p aveme nt sect ion that iscomp acted to the desired value un der close scrut iny the n used as the compaction sta ndard for a p articular job.Paveme nt air voids are measured in the field by one of two principal methods:Cores (Figures 2 and 3). A small p aveme nt core is extracted from the comp acted HMA and sent to alaboratory to determ ine its den sity. Usually, core den sity results are available the n ext day atthe earliest. This type of air voids testi ng is gen erally con sidered the most accurate but is also the most time consuming and expen sive.Nuclear gauges (Figures 4 and 5). A nu clear den sity gauge measures in-p lace HMA den sity usinggamma radiati on. Gauges usually contain a small gamma source (about 10 mCi) such as Cesium-137located in the tip of a small p robe, which is either p laced on the surface of the p aveme nt or inserted into the p aveme nt. Readi ngs are obta ined in about 2 -3 minu tes. Nuclear gauges requirecalibrati on to the sp ecific mixture being tested. Usually nu clear gauges are calibrated to core den sities at the beg inning of a p roject and at regular in tervals duri ng the p roject to en sureaccuracy.Each con tract ing age ncy or owner usually sp ecifies the comp acti on measureme nt methods and equipment to be used on con tracts un der their jurisdicti on.'IFigure 5: Taking a Nuclear Den sityReadi ngFactors Affecti ng Comp acti onHMA compaction is in flue need by a myriad of factors; some related to the environment, somedeterm ined by mix and structural desig n and some un der con tractor and age ncy con trol during con struct ion (see Table 1).Table 1: Factors Affect ing CompactionMix Property Factors Con struct ion Factors■*1Figure 3: P aveme nt CorePhotoetKj帼of 規C号丿"Figure 2: Core Extract ion Figure 4: Thi n Lift Nuclear Den sity Gaugeused where the mat is most recep tive to compaction and avoided where the mat is susce ptible to excessive shovi ng.En sure the mat is comp acted to the desired air void content before cessatio n temp erature is reached. This can be done by calculati ng the time it takes the mat to cool from in itial temp erature to cessati on temp erature. All compaction must be acco mp lished within this “ time available for comp acti onA Note on the Time Available for Comp acti onHMA temp erature directly affects asp halt bin der viscosity and thus comp acti on. As HMA temp erature decreases, the con stitue nt asp halt bin der becomes more viscous and resista nt to deformati on result ing in a smaller reduct ion in air voids for a give njeffort. As the mix cools, the asp halt bin der even tually becomes stiff eno ugh to effectively p reve nt any further reduct ion in air voids regardless of the app lied comp active effort. The temp erature at which this occurs, com monly referred to as cessati on temp erature, is ofte n rep orted to be about 175 F for den se-graded HMA (Scherocma n and Marte nson, 1984 Hughes, 1989 邑).Below cessati on temp erature rollers can still be op erated on the mat to improve smooth ness and surface texture but further compaction will gen erally n ot occur.Mat temp erature is crucial to both the actual amount of air void reducti on for a give n comp active effort, and the overall time available for comp acti on. If a mat temp erature and cool-dow n rate are known, the temp erature of the mat at any time after laydow n can be calculated. Based on this calculati on rolli ng equipment and p atter ns can be empio yed to:Take maximum adva ntage of available roller comp active effort. Rollers can be comp active J 9].s in itialMultiCool, deve loped by Professor Vaugh n Voeller and Dr. David Timm, is a Win dows based p rogram that p redicts HMA mat cooli ng. MultiCool can be used to p redict the time available for compaction and is available on the Natio nal Asp halt Paveme nt Associati on A Guide for Hot Mix Asp halt Paveme nt CD-ROM or for dow nioad at:Un iversity of California Paveme nt Research Cen ter ()Nati onal Asp halt Paveme nt Associati on ()Comp acti on EquipmentThere are three basic pi eces of equipment available for HMA compaction:⑴ the p aver screed, (2) the steel wheeledroller and (3) the pn eumatic tire roller. Each pi ece of equipment comp acts the HMA by two principal mea ns:1. By applying its weight to the HMA surface and comp ress ing the material undern eath the ground con tactarea. Since this comp ressi on will be greater for Ion ger p eriods of con tact, lower equipment sp eedswill p roduce more comp ressi on. Obviously, higher equipment weight will also in crease comp ressi on.2. By creati ng a shear stress betwee n the comp ressed material undern eath the gro und con tact area and theadjace nt uncomp ressed material. When comb ined with equipment sp eed, this p roduces a shear rate. Lowering equipment sp eed can decrease the shear rate, which in creases the sheari ng stress. Higher sheari ngstresses are more cap able of rearranging aggregate into more dense con figurati ons.These two means are of comp act ing HMA are ofte n referred to collec effort ”.tively as “ comp active Steel Wheel RollersSteel wheel rollers (see Figures 6 and 7) are self- prop elled compaction devices that use steel drums to comp ress the un derly ing HMA. They can have one, two or eve n three drums, although tan dem (2 drum) rollers are most ofte n used. The drums can be either static or vibratory and usually range from 35 to 85 in ches in width and 20 to 60 in ches in diameter. Roller weight is typ ically betwee n 1 and 20 tons (see Figures 5 and 6).Some steel wheel rollers are equipped with vibratory drums. Drum vibrati on adds a dyn amic load to the static roller weight to create a greater total comp active effort. Drum vibratio n also reduces fricti on and aggregate in terlock duri ng compaction, which allows aggregate p articles to move into final p ositi ons that p roduce greater friction and in terlocktha n could be achieved without vibrati on. As a gen eral rule-of-thumb, a comb in ati on of sp eed and freque ncy that results in 10 -12 imp acts per foot is good. At 3000vibrati on s/m inute this results in a sp eed of 2.8 -3.4 mph.*Figure 6: Steel Wheel Rollers Figure 7: Steel Wheel RollersPn eumatic Tire RollersPn eumatic tire rollers are self- prop elled compaction devices that uses pn eumatic tires to compact the un derly ing HMA. Pn eumatic tire rollers employ a set of smooth tires (no tread) on each axle; typ ically four or five on one axle and five or six on the other. The tires on the front axle are alig ned with the gaps betwee n tires on the rear axle to give compi ete and uniform comp acti on coverage over the width of the roller. Comp active effort is con trolled by varyi ng tire p ressure, which is typ ically set between 60 and 120 p si (TRB, 2000 -[10]). Inadditi on to a static comp ressive force, pn eumatic tire rollers also deve lop a kn eadi ng actio n betwee n the tires that tends to realig n aggregate within the HMA. Because asp halt bin der tends to stick more to cold tires tha n hot tires, the tire area is sometimes in sulated with rubber matt ing or pl ywood to maintain the tires n ear mat temp erature while rolli ng(see Figures 8 and 9).Figure 8: Pn eumatic Tire Roller Comp acti on Seque neeHMA compaction is typ ically acco mp lished by a seque nee of compaction equipment. This allows each piece of equipment to be used only in its most adva ntageous situati on result ing in a higher quality mat (both in den sity and in smooth ness) tha n could be p roduced with just a sin gle method of compaction. A typ ical compaction seque nee con sists of some or all of the follow ing (in order of use):Screed. The screed is the first device used to compact the mat and may be op erated in the vibratory mode. App roximately 75 to 85 percent of TMD will be obta ined whe n the mix p asses out from un der the screed (TRB, 2000Rollers. Gen erally a series of two or three rollers is used. Con tractors can con trol roller comp acti on by vary ing things such as the types of rollers used, the nu mber of roller used, roller sp eed, the nu mber of roller p asses over a give n area of the mat, the locatio n at which each roller works, and the p atter n that each roller uses to compact the mat. App roximately 92 to 95 percent TMD will be obta ined whe n all rollers are fini shed compacting the mat. Typ ical roller po siti on used in comp acti on are:Breakdow n Roller. The first roller beh ind the screed (see Figure 10). It gen erally effects the most den sity gain of any roller in the seque nee.Breakdow n rollers can be of any type but are most ofte n vibratory steel wheel and sometimes pn eumatic tire.In termediate Roller. Used behi nd the breakdow n roller if additi onal compaction is n eeded (see Figure 10). Pn eumatic tire rollers are■L T^-t咚-Figure 9: Pn eumatic Tires史])•sometimes used as in termediate rollers because they p rovide a differe nt type of compaction (kn ead ing action) tha n a breakdow n steel wheel vibratory roller, which can help further comp act the mat or at the very least, rearra nge the aggregate with in the mat to make it recep tive to further compaction.Finish Roller. The last roller in the seque nee (see Figure 11). It is used to p rovide a smooth mat surface. Although the finish roller does apply comp active effort, by the time it comes in con tact with the mat, the mat may have cooled below cessati on temp erature. Static steel wheel rollers are almost always used as finishing rollers because they can p roduce the smoothest surface of any roller type.Figure 10: Paving Op erati on Show ing a Steel Wheel Breakdow n Roller and a Pn eumaticTire In termediate Roller■H *If1I**»OJ H# 科IFigure 11: Fin ish Roller「hr .(■ 番宅17.5Research Council. Washington, D.C. ?9. Scherocman, J.A. and Martenson, E.D. (1984). Placement of Asp halt ConcreteMixtures.Pl acement and Comp action of Asp halt Mixtures,Technical Pu blication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials.Traffic. After the rollers have comp acted the mat to the desired den sity and p roduced the desired smooth ness, the new p aveme nt is opened to traffic. Traffic loadi ng will p rovide further compaction in the wheel p aths of a fini shed mat. Traffic may compact the mat an additi onal 2 to 4 p erce nt over the life of the p aveme nt.Footnotes ( ? returns to text)1. Roberts, F.L., Kandhal, P S, Brown, E.R., Lee, D.Y., and Kennedy, T.W. (1996).Hot Mix Asp haltMaterials, Mixture Design, and Construction . National Asp halt P aving Association Education Foundation. Lanham, MD.2. Scherocman, J.A. and Martenson, E.D. (1984). Placement of Asp halt ConcreteMixtures.Pl acement and Comp action of Asp halt Mixtures,F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM Sp ecialTechnical Pu blication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials. P hiladel phia, PA. pp.3-27.3. Scherocman, J.A. (1984, March). Guidelines for Comp acting Asp halt Concrete P avement.BetterRoads , Vol. 54, No. 3. pp. 12-17.4. Geller, M. (1984).“ Com paction Equi pment for Asp halt Mixtures.Pl acement and Comp action ofAsp halt Mixtures,F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM Sp ecial Technical Publication 829. American Societyfor Testing and Materials.P hiladel phia, PA. pp. 28-47.5. Brown, E.R. (1984). Exp eriences of Corps of Engineers in Comp action of Hot Asp haltMixtures.Pl acement and Comp action of Asp halt Mixtures,F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM Sp ecialTechnical Pu blication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials. P hiladel phia, PA. pp.67-79. ?6. Bell, C.A.; Hicks, R.G. and Wilson, J.E. (1984). Effect of Percent Com paction on Asp halt MixtureLife. Pl acement and Comp action of Asp halt Mixtures, F.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM Sp ecial TechnicalPu blication 829. American Society for Testing and Materials.P hiladel phia, PA. pp. 107-130.7. Hughes, C.S. (October 1984)."Im portance of Asp halt Comp action. Better Roads , Vol. 54, No.10. pp. 22-24. ?8. Hughes, C.S. (1989). National Coop erative Highway Research Pr ogram Synthesis of HighwayPr actice 152: Comp action of Asp halt P avement.Trans portation Research Board, NationalF.T. Wagner, Ed. ASTM Sp ecialP hiladel phia, PA. pp.10. Trans portation Research Board (TRB). (2000). Hot-Mix Asp halt Paving Handbook3-27. ?2000 . Transportation Research Board, National Research Council. Washington, D.C.。

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