表空间查询与操作

北京甲骨文(盈佳科技)学习中心将介绍Oracle 表空间查询与操作方法，需要了解跟多的同学可以参考下一．查询篇1.查询oracle表空间的使用情况select b.file_id 文件ID,b.tablespace_name 表空间,b.file_name 物理文件名,b.bytes 总字节数,(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) 已使用,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) 剩余,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 剩余百分比from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files bwhere a.file_id=b.file_idgroup by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytesorder by b.tablespace_name2.查询oracle系统用户的默认表空间和临时表空间select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users3.查询单张表的使用情况select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = 'RE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY' and owner = USERRE_STDEVT_FACT_DAY是您要查询的表名称4.查询所有用户表使用大小的前三十名select * from (select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where owner = USER order by bytes desc ) where rownum <= 305.查询当前用户默认表空间的使用情况select tablespacename,sum(totalContent),sum(usecontent),sum(sparecontent),avg(sparepercent) from(SELECT b.file_id as id,b.tablespace_name as tablespacename,b.bytes as totalContent,(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) as usecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) as sparecontent,sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 as sparepercentFROM dba_free_space a,dba_data_files bWHERE a.file_id=b.file_id and b.tablespace_name = (select default_tablespace from dba_userswhere username = user)group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes)GROUP BY tablespacename6.查询用户表空间的表select * from user_tables==================================================================================一、建立表空间CREATE TABLESPACE testDATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50MUNIFORM SIZE 1M; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定，区尺寸默认为64k或CREATE TABLESPACE testDATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf' SIZE 50MMINIMUM EXTENT 50K EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCALDEFAULT STORAGE (INITIAL 50K NEXT 50K MAXEXTENTS 100 PCTINCREASE 0);可从dba_tablespaces中查看刚创建的表空间的信息二、建立UNDO表空间CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE test_undoDATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test_undo.dbf' SIZE 50MUNDO表空间的EXTENT是由本地管理的，而且在创建时的SQL语句中只能使用DATAFILE和EXTENT MANAGEMENT子句。

ORACLE规定在任何时刻只能将一个还原表空间赋予数据库，即在一个实例中可以有多个还原表空间存在，但只能有一个为活动的。

可以使用ALTER SYSTEM命令进行还原表空间的切换。

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE = test_undo;三、建立临时表空间CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE test_tempTEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test_temp.dbf' SIZE 50M查看系统当前默认的临时表空间select * from dba_properties where property_name like 'DEFAULT%'改变系统默认临时表空间alter database default temporary tablespace test_temp;四、改变表空间状态1.使表空间脱机ALTER TABLESPACE test OFFLINE;如果是意外删除了数据文件，则必须带有RECOVER选项ALTER TABLESPACE game test FOR RECOVER;2.使表空间联机ALTER TABLESPACE test ONLINE;3.使数据文件脱机ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE;4.使数据文件联机ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE;5.使表空间只读ALTER TABLESPACE test READ ONLY;6.使表空间可读写ALTER TABLESPACE test READ WRITE;五、删除表空间DROP TABLESPACE test INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS;DROP TABLESPACE 表空间名 [INCL ING CONTENTS [AND DATAFILES] [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS]]1. INCL ING CONTENTS 子句用来删除段2. AND DATAFILES 子句用来删除数据文件3. CASCADE CONSTRAINTS 子句用来删除所有的引用完整性约束六、扩展表空间首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_spacefrom dba_data_filesorder by tablespace_name;1.增加数据文件ALTER TABLESPACE testADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/test02.dbf' SIZE 1000M;2.手动增加数据文件尺寸ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf'RESIZE 100M;3.设定数据文件自动扩展ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'c:/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf'AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100MMAXSIZE 200M;设定后可从dba_tablespace中查看表空间信息，从v$datafile中查看对应的数据文件信息================================================================================== create tablespace scgldatafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl2.dbf'size 50mautoextend onnext 50m maxsize 20480mextent management local;create tablespace test_dataloggingdatafile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_data.dbf'size 50mautoextend onnext 50m maxsize 20480mextent management local;create user scgl identified by qwer1234default tablespace scgltemporary tablespace scgl_temp;tempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\user_temp.dbf'create temporary tablespace scgl_temptempfile 'E:\ORACLE\PROD T\10.1.0\ORADATA\ORCL\scgl_temp.dbf'size 50mautoextend onnext 50m maxsize 20480mextent management local;grant connect,resource, dba to scgl;oracle创建表空间 SYS用户在CMD下以DBA身份登陆：在CMD中打sqlplus /nolog然后再conn / as sysdba//创建临时表空间create temporary tablespace user_temptempfile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_temp.dbf'size 50mautoextend onnext 50m maxsize 20480mextent management local;//创建数据表空间create tablespace test_dataloggingdatafile 'D:\oracle\oradata\Oracle9i\user_data.dbf'size 50mautoextend onnext 50m maxsize 20480mextent management local;//创建用户并指定表空间create user username identified by passworddefault tablespace user_datatemporary tablespace user_temp;查询表空间使用情况SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTESFROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACEGROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,(SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MBFROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DDGROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) DWHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAMEORDER BY 1查询表空间的free spaceselect tablespace_name,count(*) as extends,round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB,sum(blocks) as blocksfrom dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name;--查询表空间的总容量select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MBfrom dba_data_filesgroup by tablespace_name;查询表空间使用率select total.tablespace_name,round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pctfrom (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MBfrom dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name) free,(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MBfrom dba_data_filesgroup by tablespace_name) totalwhere free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.建立表空间:create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M uniform size 128k#指定区尺寸为128k ,块大小为默认8K#大文件表空间 create bigfile tablespace big_tbs datafile '/u01/big_tbs.dbf ' size 100G2.建非标准表show parameter db alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M create tablespace test datafile '/u01/test.dbf' size 10M blocksize 2K uniform size 128k#常见错误SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M; alter system set db_2k_cache_size=2M ERROR at line1: ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid ORA-00384: Insufficient memory to grow cache#解决SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=400M scope=spfile; SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup SQL> alter system set db_2k_cache_size=10M; System altered.3.查看区大小与块大小#区大小 conn y / 123 create table t(i number) tablespace test; Insert into t values(10) select bytes/1024 from user_segments where segment_name=upper('t');#块大小 Show parameter block(默认64K)#非标准表空间的blocksize SQL> select * from v$dbfile; SQL> select name,block_size,status from v$datafile; SQL> select block_size from v$datafile where file#=14;4.删除表空间drop tablespace test including contents and datafiles5.查表空间:#查数据文件 select * from v$dbfile; #所有表空间 select * from v$tablespace;#表空间的数据文件 select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files;6.建立undo表空间create undo tablespace undotbs01 datafile '/u01/undotbs01.dbf' size 5M;#切换到新建的undo表空间 alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs01;7.建立临时表空间create temporary tablespace temp_data tempfile '/u01/temp.db' size 5M; create bigfile temporary tablespace bigtem tempfile '/u01/bigtemp.db' size 5M;8.改变表空间状态(0.)查看状态#表空间状态 select tablespace_name,block_size,status from dba_tablespaces;#数据文件状态 select name,block_size,status from v$datafile;(1.)表空间脱机alter tablespace test offline#如果意外删除了数据文件 alter tablespace test offline for recover(2.)表空间联机alter tablespace test online(3.)数据文件脱机select * from v$dbfile; alter database datafile 3 offline(4.)数据文件联机recover datafile 3; alter database datafile 3 online;(5.)使表空间只读alter tablespace test read only(6.)使表空间可读写alter tablespace test read write;9.扩展表空间#首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件及空间select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name; #三种扩展方法1.alter tablespace test add datafile '/u01/test02.dbf' size 10M(自动加一个datafile)2.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' resize 20M;3.alter database datafile '/u01/test.dbf' autoextend on next 10M maxsize 1G;#设定后查看表空间信息select a.tablespace_name,a.bytes total,b.bytes used,c.bytes free,(b.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% used",(c.bytes*100)/a.bytes "% free" from sys.sm$ts_avail a,sys.sm$ts_used b,sys.sm$ts_free c where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name=c.tablespace_name;#先确定数据文件据在表空间SQL>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files where file_name='/u01/test.dbf';#open状态SQL>alter tablespace test offline; SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter tablespace test rename datafile '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf'; SQL>alter tablespace test offline;#mount状态SQL>shutdown immediate; SQL>startup mount SQL>host move /u01/test.dbf /u01/oracle/test.dbf; SQL>alter database rename file '/u01/test.dbf' to '/u01/oracle/test.dbf';11.表空间和数据文件常用的数据字典与动态性能视图v$dbfile v$datafile dba_segments user_segments dba_data_files v$tablespace dba_tablespaces user_tablespaces--查询表空间使用情况SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,2),'990.99') || '%' "使用比",F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTESFROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACEGROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,(SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MBFROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DDGROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) DWHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAMEORDER BY 1--查询表空间的free spaceselect tablespace_name,count(*) as extends,round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB,sum(blocks) as blocksfrom dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name;select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MBfrom dba_data_filesgroup by tablespace_name;--查询表空间使用率select total.tablespace_name,round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB,round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB,round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || '%' as Used_Pctfrom (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MBfrom dba_free_spacegroup by tablespace_name) free,(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MBfrom dba_data_filesgroup by tablespace_name) totalwhere free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;//给用户授予权限grant connect,resource to username;//以后以该用户登录，创建的任何数据库对象都属于user_temp 和user_data表空间，这就不用在每创建一个对象给其指定表空间了撤权：revoke 权限... from 用户名;删除用户命令drop user user_name cascade;建立表空间CREATE TABLESPACE data01DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/DATA01.dbf' SIZE 500MUNIFORM SIZE 128k; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定，区尺寸默认为64k删除表空间DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;一、建立表空间CREATE TABLESPACE data01DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/DATA01.dbf' SIZE 500MUNIFORM SIZE 128k; #指定区尺寸为128k,如不指定，区尺寸默认为64k二、建立UNDO表空间CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS02DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/UNDOTBS02.dbf' SIZE 50M#注意：在OPEN状态下某些时刻只能用一个UNDO表空间，如果要用新建的表空间，必须切换到该表空间: ALTER SYSTEM SET undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS02;三、建立临时表空间CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_dataTEMPFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/TEMP_DATA.dbf' SIZE 50M四、改变表空间状态1.使表空间脱机ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE;如果是意外删除了数据文件，则必须带有RECOVER选项ALTER TABLESPACE game OFFLINE FOR RECOVER;2.使表空间联机ALTER TABLESPACE game ONLINE;3.使数据文件脱机ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE;4.使数据文件联机ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE;5.使表空间只读ALTER TABLESPACE game READ ONLY;6.使表空间可读写ALTER TABLESPACE game READ WRITE;五、删除表空间DROP TABLESPACE data01 INCL ING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;六、扩展表空间首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_spacefrom dba_data_filesorder by tablespace_name;1.增加数据文件ALTER TABLESPACE gameADD DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME02.dbf' SIZE 1000M;2.手动增加数据文件尺寸ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbf'RESIZE 4000M;3.设定数据文件自动扩展ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/oracle/oradata/db/GAME.dbfAUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100MMAXSIZE 10000M;设定后查看表空间信息SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE CWHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE盈佳科技有限公司是甲骨文Oracle公司在北京指定授权IT学习中心，坐落于海淀区北四环中路。