人教版八年级上册英语第二单元知识点

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Unit2 How often do you exercise?
一、重点短语
1.look after = take care of 照顾
2. surf the internet 上网
3.healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 5.eating habits 饮食习惯 6.take more exercise 做更多的运动
7.the same as 与什么相同8.be different from 不同9.once a month 一月一次10.twice a week 一周两次11.make a difference to 对什么有影响
12.most of the students=most students 大部分学生
13.shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物14.be good for 对什么有益15.be bad for 对什么有害e home from school 放学回家17.of course = certainly = sure 当然18.get good grades 取得好成绩19.keep/be in good health 保持健康20.take a vacation 去度假21.help with housework 帮助做家务22.on weekends 在周末23.how often 多久一次24.hardly ever 几乎从不25.every day 每天26.be free 有空27.go to the movies 去看电影e the Internet 用互联网29.swing dance 摇摆舞30.play tennis 打网球31.stay up late 熬夜;睡得很晚32.at least 至少33. go to bed early 早点睡觉34.such as 比如;诸如35. have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈课和钢琴课36.play sports 进行体育活动37. go camping 去野营38.not…at all 一点儿也不…… 39.i n one’s free time 在某人的业余时间40.the most popular 最受欢
迎的41.old habits die hard 积习难改42.go to the dentist 去看牙医43.morn than 多于;超过44.less than 少于
二、习惯用法
1. What’s your favorite……? 你最喜爱的…… 是什么?
2. How about…? ...... 怎么样?/ …… 好不好?
3.How many+ 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句?…… 有多少……?
4. 主语+find+that 从句. …… 发现……
5.. by doing sth. = through + 名词通过做某事
6. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光
8. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
9. It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的…… 的。

10. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
11. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
三、词语辨析:
1. how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。

回答用:once ,twice, three times 等词语。

How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。

How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how far 多远,用来询问距离,指路程的远近。

回答或具体公里数,或30 minutes’ walk / drive…
How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.
2. free 空闲的,有空的,反义词为busy. be free 有空,闲着,相当于have time.
I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.
还可作“ 免费的、自由的” 解。

be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。

The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay.
3. How come ?怎么会?怎么回事?表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;
可单独使用,也可引导一个问句,相当于疑问句why, 但how come 开头的特殊疑问句
使用的仍然是陈述语序。

How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?
4. stay up late 指“ 熬夜到很晚,迟睡” 。

Don’t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“ 熬夜,不睡觉” 。

He stayed up all night to write his story.
5. go to bed 强调“ 上床睡觉” 的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。

I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 强调“ 入睡,睡着,进入梦乡” 。

She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
6. find + 宾语+ 名词, 发现:We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 宾语+ 形容词,发现:He found the room dirty.
7. percent 百分数,基数词+ percent
percent 没有复数形式,作主语时根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。

Forty percent of the students in our class are girls.
Thirty percent of time passed.
8. more than 超过,多于,不仅仅,相当于over. 在句型转换中考
查两者的同义替换。

反义词组为:less than.
I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词,担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。

I’m afraid we can’t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人/ 某事;
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。

Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of a sking question.
I’m afraid + 从句,恐怕,担心:I’m afraid I have to go now.
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别:
sometimes 频度副词,有时。

表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,
可位于句首、句中或句末。

(How often 提问)
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词,某个时候。

(When 提问)
表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times 名词词组,几次,几倍。

其中time 是可数名词,(how many times 提问)
I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语,一段时间. 表示“ 一段时间” 时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,
(How long 提问)
I’ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
11. 频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never
频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be 动词或助动词之后。

常用于一般现在时态中
12.“ 次数” 的表达方法
一次once ;两次twice ;三次或三次以上用基数词+ times
13. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for... 意思是“ 至于;关于” ,+ 名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式(即动名词)。

如:As for him ,I never want to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。

As for the story ,you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。

14. That sounds interesting.
这是“ 主语+ 系动词+ 表语” 结构的简单句。

sound (听起来),look (看起来),smell(闻起来),taste (尝起来),feel (觉得),seem (好
象),grow (变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。

如:
It tastes good. 这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

15. Be about (介词)“ 是关于…”+ 名/ 代/V-ing
16.however 副词,意为“ 然而,可是” ,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末
17.not … at all 意为“ 一点也不”. not 应放在be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

即否定句+ at all
e.g. The story isn’t interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。

四、重点句子
1 .How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次电视?
2 .What do you usually do on weekends? 你通常在周末做什么?
3 .Does Sue eat a healthy breakfast? 休吃健康的早餐吗?
4 .She says it's good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。

5 .He plays at least twice a week. 他一周至少踢两次。

6 .Here are the results . 这是结果。

7 .Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week.
百分之四十五的(学生)一周锻炼四到六次。

8.Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
虽然许多学生喜欢看体育,但是游戏节目是最受欢迎的。

9. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.
通过使用互联网或看游戏节目来放松是好的。

五、语法知识:
◆一般现在时
定义:表示现在经常发生、习惯性的动作或目前存在的状态。

当句子主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

什么是第三人称单数?
1 、人称代词he, she, it 是第三人称单数。

2 、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。

如:
① Tom looks like her mother. 汤姆看起来像她的母亲。

② Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③ Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。

3 、单数可数名词或"this/that/the+ 单数可数名词" 作主语时,是第三人称单数。

如:
① A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

② This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

③ That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。

④ The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

4 、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。

如:
① Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

② There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。

③ This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。

④ That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。

5 、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。

如:
① The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。

② The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

6 、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。

如:
① "6" is a lucky number. "6" 是个吉利数字。

② "I" is a letter. "I" 是个字母。

除上述规律外,还应注意下面三点:
1. 动词have ,遇到主语是第三人称单数时,要用has ;动词be 的第三人称单数形式是is 。

2. 含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要用doesn't + 动词原形,如:
He goes to school at six in the morning. ( 变否定句)→ He doesn't go to school at six in the morning.
3. 对含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子提问时,要用助动词does ,如:She goes home at five every day. ( 对划线部分提问)
When / What time does she go home every day?
动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律
1 、大多数动词在词尾加“S” 在清辅音后发音为[s] ,在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z] 。

① stop -stops [s] ; ② read -reads [z]
2 、以辅音字母加“y” 结尾的,要先将“y” 变为“i” ,然后在加“es” 读[iz] 如:fly -flies [z] ;carry -carries [z]
3 、以“s, x, ch, sh” 结尾的,在词尾加“es” ,发音为[iz] 如:teach -teaches [iz];
4 、以“o” 结尾的动词,加“es” ,读[z] 如:go -goes [z] do -does [z]
下面几个动词变为单数时,原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化,请注意记忆。

1 、do [du:] -does [dz]
2 、say [sei] -says [sez]

a few ( 少数的,几个,一些) a little ( 一点儿,少量) 表示肯定few ( 很少的,几乎没有的) little ( 很少的,几乎没有的) 表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词
11。

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