中小企业融资毕业参考文献.doc
中小企业融资问题及对策研究毕业论文五篇
中小企业融资问题及对策研究毕业论文五篇第一篇：中小企业融资问题及对策研究毕业论文中小企业融资问题及对策研究第一章绪论1.1研究背景和研究意义中小企业的发展是一个世界性的课题，亦是当今我国一个热门话题。
不管是就业还是创新，对经济发展都是非常重要的。
然而对于国内数千万中小企业来说，没有资金，再好的项目也无法发展。
资金有困难，导致经营有风险，甚至面临倒闭。
中小企业贷款难，是我国近年来制约我国中小企业发展的最主要的瓶颈。
然而中小企业贷款难的问题则主要原因是金融领域贷款渠道有限，企业告借无门。
银行嫌贫爱富，重大轻小，偏私向公等原因。
尤其是是民营企业资金基本上是靠自己的积累，流动资金短缺，不利于企业发展，不利于企业抵抗风险。
国中小企业融资困难需要面对更多。
这是由于我国中小企业融资问题不仅面临着,一般的差距直接融资和间接融资缺口问题,需要面对具体问题的中国特色,这常常缺乏所有权歧视,社会信用文化、法制、法规,深层次的问题非常不完善的公司治理结构等鉴于此，解决中小企业融资问题刻不容缓。
本课题主要通过对中小企业的运营模式进行分析，找出企业融资的根本原因，同时探讨相关的解决方案。
1.2采用的研究方法及解决的问题对中小企业来讲，要加强自身发展，完善企业内部经营机制，增强其内在融资能力。
在银行贷款方面,银行对中小企业的风险状况缺乏有效的识别方法。
但商业银行出十安全性考虑,即使成立中小企业信贷部,但还是普遍集中在大型客户和不愿意贷款给小企业,导致大超过锦上添花,小型企业急需的。
部分非正规的金融机构有关部门也是中小企业,尤其是民营企业的主要来源和营运资金的启动。
基于私营中小企业无法通过正常的途径来满足现实的需要,在一些民营经济发达的地区,非正式金融活动应运而生。
虽然监管机构严格限制各种形式的民间融资活动,但民间金融活动的客观存在是一个没有争议的事实。
迄今为止,很多企业的主要资金来源仍然是通过自己企业自行融资和非正规的融资来源1.3中小企业融资的理论依据中小企业融资不但要靠自身素质的提升、融资来源方式多元化，也需要创建健全的融资服务体系，但目前融资服务体系无法满足中小企业融资需要。
中小企业融资英文文献
中小企业融资金融一班曹原20120480090132An Analysis on Credit Guarantee System of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in China AbstractAt presentthere are still many constraints in the further development of SMEsmall and medium—sized enterprises in ChinaAnd especially the financing development of SME has become a bottle neckwhich was caused by the unsound credit guarantee system for SMEBased on China’s SME guarantee system and its problemsthe thesis puts forward proposals to perfect guarantee system for China’s SME with normal analysisIn order to make guarantee system play its due roleit is necessary to establish different modes of credit guarantee institutions in accordance with the actual situationto found SME credit guarantee funds and its supplementary systemto adjust the operation mode of guarantee funds and to improve legal protection of the credit guarantee system 对中国中小企业信用担保体系的分析摘要目前中国中小企业的进一步发展仍然受到很多约束尤其是中小企业融资问题已经成为制约的瓶颈。
文献综述中小企业融资的问题与对策研究 融资难毕业论文
文献综述中小企业融资的问题与对策研究融资难毕业论文文献综述中小企业融资的问题与对策研究,融资难毕业论文本科生毕业论文文献综述题目中小企业的融资问题与对策研究专业财务管理所在学院管理学院2021年5月中小企业在解决社会就业、发展地方经济和聚拢一些特色优势产业等方面发挥着重要的作用，但融资问题却成为了制约这些中小企业发展的“瓶颈”。
解决中小企业融资难的问题已经迫在眉睫，只有切实解决中小企业融资问题，才能把中小企业发展的潜在能量发挥出来，使其在经济发展和社会稳定中发挥更大的作用。
本文将对中小企业融资的现状中存在的问题、成因等进行剖析，并提出相应的优化解决中小企业融资问题的对策。
1、我国中小企业融资现状分析1.1中小企业融资目前依然是间接融资为主谭瑞华（2021）1指出：据国家经贸委近期调查，我国东、中、西部中小企业从银行等金融机构获得的资金分别是：东部占60%；中部约70% 到80%；西部则高达90%。
可见，中小企业对金融机构的资金依赖程度很高。
据权威部门调查显示，中小企业获取外部资金的渠道除了金融机构外，民间贷款也成为其重要的资金来源，占比为14.59%，而通过直接融资渠道的数额极小，仅占1.8%。
1.2 国内金融机构对中小企业贷款差别很大尹永健（2021）2指出,目前在我国包括金融租赁,信托投资等非银行金融机构在内的各类金融机构中,民生银行、城市信用社、农村信用社和城市商业银行等中小金融机构提供的贷款比重较高，而四大国有商业银行中,除中国农业银行向中小企业贷款比重较高外,其余三家银行贷款份额均较小,非银行金融机构融资性业务服务比例更低。
1.3 贷款需求不能得到全部满足唐丽桂（2021）3提出在历来的调查中，“资金不足”始终被列为中小企业第一位的问题。
有资料显示，90% 以上的中小企业的贷款服务需求得不到满足或只得到部分满足。
13 谭瑞华中小企业融资管理分析[J].财经界（学术版），2021，（10）尹永健对我国中小企业融资问题的思考[J].交通财会，2021，（10）唐丽桂中小企业融资存在的问题及对策分析[J].沿海企业与科技，2021，（01）1.4 恶性循环情况普遍陈爱早（2021）中小企业由于负债较多，经营业绩恶化，大多数中小企业信用急剧下降，往往形成：“资金缺乏-----业绩恶化-----信用差-----资金缺乏”的恶性循环。
《中小企业融资问题研究国内外文献综述1800字》
中小企业融资问题研究国内外文献综述1国外研究现状在西方经济学的研究对象中，国外许多专家和学者针对企业融资的问题进行了大量的实证研究和理论分析。
中小企业的融资在国外研究者的研究中，被归类于中小企业选题中，针对中小企业的融资，不同的专家和学者，从不同视角提出了不同的论点：Meyers在分析中小企业的融资方式后，提出中小企业在融资过程中的信息不对称问题比较明显。
比如在创业早期阶段，中小企业中的很多企业并未获得外部审计的财务报告，企业盈利能力难以预测和估算。
因此，中小企业在融资时，为快速满足资金筹措需求，会优先选择内部融资渠道，如果选择外部融资渠道，就需要优先选择债务融资方式。
Storey在分析金融机构与中小民营企业的融资冲突时, 提出中小企业以银行等金融机构的贷款作为最大的债务性融资渠道。
但因为中小企业自身的资质和发展水平偏低，金融机构提供给中小企业的贷款融资支持力度偏低。
Hairs&Raviv认为企业融资结构是中小企业收入流分配和企业控制权分配的依据，其指出，中小企业之所以很难得到金融信贷支持，主要源于在信息不对称的信贷市场中，中小企业存在道德风险及逆向选择问题。
Félix Corredera-Catalán等表示中小企业在制度、管理等方面存在的问题导致其在成长的不同阶段面对的融资问题不同。
对于中小企业融资问题的梳理，可从融资和负债角度出发，而不仅限于融资方面。
Liang Kaier认为融资渠道受制、融资制度不完善、政府关注度不高等都是中小企业难的主要原因。
融资难已经威胁到中小企业的生存与发展。
Barthelmess Benedik等表示中小企业融资需要面对的问题并不仅仅是融资本身，还包含中小企业自身的生存与发展条件问题，融资只是为中小企业注资，保障资金链，但其最终要解决的是，依赖于什么获得市场竞争实力。
2国内研究现状国内在针对中小企业融资困境问题展开分析时，主要从现实角度分析中小企业融资难的原因。
关于中小企业融资问题的文献综述资料
南京审计学院金审学院学年论文题目：关于中小企业融资问题的文献综述姓名：朱玉梅学号： js1002446 专业：财务管理班级：10金审财管4班指导教师：钟宜彬职称：讲师二0一三年八月三十日关于中小企业融资问题的研究的文献综述js1002446 10财管4班朱玉梅【摘要】中小企业发展面临的资金短缺和融资难问题，是世界经济发展普遍存在的带有规律性的问题，无论是发达国家还是发展中国家都试图解决这个问题以更好地发挥中小企业对经济发展的促进作用。
而我国的中小企业处在一个非市场化的金融市场环境下，其融资难问题较之其他国家或地区更为复杂和具有其特殊性。
为此，国内外许多学者和专家展开了研究，本文梳理了其中有关中小企业融资方面的研究文献。
【关键词】中小企业融资问题融资环境引言由美国次贷危机引发的华尔街金融风暴，快速席卷整个国际金融市场，演变成全球性金融危机，世界经济出现明显下滑，进而使发达国家几乎整体陷入衰退，在同世界经济联系日益紧密的条件下，我国经济受到的影响日益显现，而实体经济中最受冲击的正是中小企业。
目前，我国中小企业数已达到千万户，中小企业在经济和社会发展中的地位和作用日益显著。
白钦先、薛誉华认为，转轨时期，具有比较优势、差异性和多样化的中小企业以市场为导向并适应要素享赋特点为我国经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。
然而追求规模经济和实施赶超战略使我国中小企业的发展一直处于“强位弱势”的尴尬境地，其中中小企业所普遍面临的融资困境最为人们所垢病。
同时高正平指出，根据国家社科基金资助项目对2000多家中小企业问卷调查，发现53.8%的企业选择资金不足为企业发展最不利的问题，融资难已成为制约中小企业发展的最大“瓶颈”。
解决我国中小企业融资难问题，将为加快我国中小企业发展乃至增强我国国民经济活力，起到巨大的推动作用。
因此对这一问题的研究具有很重要的意义。
一、中小企业融资的现状边红霞（2008）认为，中小企业融资渠道狭窄主要体现在如下方面: 直接融资渠道受阻严重；内源式融资是企业资本的重要来源；非正式金融是中小企业资金的重要渠道。
中小企业融资问题研究文献综述学习资料
中小企业融资问题研究文献综述近几年来，关于中小企业融资方面的文献越来越多，这充分说明了关于中小企业融资问题正日益受到人们的关注。
现有文献主要集中在以下几个方面：一、企业融资的基本理论方面融资是资金融通的简称，是资金从剩余（超前储蓄）部门流向不足（超前投资）部门——购买力转移——的现象。
企业融资，即企业从各种渠道融入资金，实质上是资金优化配置的过程，包括外源融资和内源融资。
1、企业融资成本与融资风险。
企业融资成本是指企业使用资金的代价，即指企业为获得各种渠道的资金所必须支付的价格，也是企业为资金供给者支付的资金报酬率。
企业的目标是实现企业价值最大化，它等同于企业在具备承受一定风险的能力时，寻求投入成本最小化的融资结构。
融资风险是指企业因借款而增加的风险，是筹资决策带来的风险。
2、企业融资结构的契约理论。
企业的融资结构，又称资本结构，是指企业各项资金来源的组合状况，即资产负债表右边各组成部分的构成。
美国经济学家大卫·戴兰德于1952年提出，企业的资本结构是按照下列三种方法建立的，即净收入法、净营运收入法和传统法，这是早期的资本结构理论。
现代企业融资理论是由Franco Modigliani和Merton Miller于1958年所创立，即著名的MM理论。
后来的学者对MM理论的假设条件不断发展完善，引进了诸如激励理论、信息传递理论、控制权理论。
张维迎认为，“一个企业的融资结构至少受三方面因素的制约：一是该企业所在经济的制度环境，二是该企业所在行业的行业特征，三是该企业自身的特点”。
3、金融制度方面的理论——金融深化论、金融抑制论。
雷蒙德.W.戈德史密斯在《金融结构与金融发展》一书中指出：“金融领域中，金融结构与金融发展对经济增长的影响如果不是唯一最重要的问题，也是最重要的问题之一”。
金融深化论认为：金融机制会促进被抑制的经济摆脱徘徊不前的局面，加速经济的增长，但是，如果金融本身被抑制或扭曲的话，那么它就会阻碍和破坏经济的发展。
关于中小企业融资参考文献
关于中小企业融资参考文献第一篇：关于中小企业融资参考文献[1] 邵忍丽.金融危机下我国中小企业如何走出困境[J].经营与管理, 2009,(03)[2] 刘斌.金融危机下的中小企业融资渠道探析[J].中小企业管理与科技(下旬刊), 2009,(04)[3] 张晓春.探析民间融资的发展[J].经济师, 2010,(06)[4] 焦聪.经济危机下的中小企业应何去何从[J].中国集体经济, 2009,(13)[5]马静婷.金融危机下我国中小企业融资模式选择影响因素分析[J].经济研究导刊, 2010,(08)[6] 钟纯.浅议金融危机下我国中小企业短期融资券融资——基于首次试点的6家中小企业案例分析[7] 陈丽金.全球金融危机对我国中小企业的影响和对策分析[J].改革与战略, 2009,(06)[8] 尹珊珊, 谭正航.金融危机背景下中小企业复苏与民间金融阳光化[J].时代金融, 2009,(11)[9] 宁丹.略论国内中小企业融资与发展[J].时代教育(教育教学), 2010,(04)[10]崔燕.国内中小企业融资问题文献综述[J].知识经济,2010-03 第二篇：关于中小企业融资文献概述文献摘要 13会计专接本小组成员：（组长）刘燕杨蕾刘晓笙张厚振徐昊辰《当前我国中小企业融资难的原因及对策探析》金融机构因向中小企业放贷成本与风险较高而收益却相对较低，一定程度制约了金融机构放贷的积极性。
在缺乏民间融资机构的大环境下，金融机构相互之间又缺乏竞争性，从而使得贷方占市场的主导地位，更加加大了中小企业的融资难度。
在中小企业方面，一些中小企业对其承担的风险能力的认知上存在偏差，有着较高的停业率或倒闭，而根源就是信息不对称。
因为信息缺乏，是的贷款者在借贷市场上处于不利地位，其自身的认识和内部的种种问题，严重影响着各类金融机构对其融资。
通过积极发展民营银行和地方性金融机构，鼓励发展典当业和租赁业，可为中小企业提供更为灵活便捷的融资服务，与此同时，加强中小企业建设和提升企业素质，尝试探索数户联保、设立联合担保基金，也可减小融资难度。
原创研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献
原创研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献Original Research: English Literature to be Considered for Financing Small and Medium-sized EnterprisesIntroduction:In recent years, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have become the driving force behind innovation, economic growth, and job creation. However, one of the major challenges faced by SMEs is accessing adequate financing options to support their growth and sustainability. This article aims to explore and analyze the various English literature sources that can be consulted for valuable insights into financing options for SMEs.1. The Importance of Financing for SMEs:Financing is crucial for SMEs as it provides the necessary capital for investment, expansion, research and development, and meeting working capital requirements. Access to financing enables SMEs to enhance their productivity, compete in the market, and contribute to economic development.2. Challenges Faced by SMEs in Accessing Financing:SMEs often encounter obstacles when seeking financing. These challenges include limited collateral, lack of credit history, information asymmetry, and risk aversion by lenders. To overcome these hurdles, it is essential to refer to relevant English literature that addresses these issues and provides potential solutions.3. English Literature Sources for SME Financing:a. Academic Journals: Academic journals such as "Journal of Small Business Finance" and "Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice" publish research articles that explore various aspects of SME financing. These articles discuss topics like crowdfunding, venture capital, angel investing, and government programs that support SMEs' financial needs.b. Research Reports: Research reports from reputable organizations like the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC), and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provide valuable insights into the financing landscape for SMEs. These reports analyze trends, challenges, and best practices in SME financing across different countries and regions.c. Case Studies: Case studies published by universities, business schools, and financial institutions offer practical examples of successful financing strategies adopted by SMEs. These case studies highlight the specific steps taken to secure financing, including negotiations with banks, alternative lending options, and leveraging relationships with stakeholders.d. Government Publications: Government publications, such as white papers and policy documents, outline the initiatives and programs available to support SME financing. These publications provide a comprehensive overview of the various financing schemes, tax incentives, and grants offered by governments to assist SMEs in their financial endeavors.4. Key Themes in English Literature:a. Alternative Financing: English literature emphasizes the emergence of alternative financing options for SMEs. This includes peer-to-peer lendingplatforms, crowdfunding, and business incubators that connect SMEs with potential investors.b. Digital Innovation: The impact of digital innovation on SME financing is a widely discussed topic. English literature explores how fintech solutions, blockchain technology, and online platforms have revolutionized access to funding for SMEs.c. Government Support: Many articles underscore the importance of government support in facilitating SME financing. English literature examines policy frameworks, loan guarantee programs, and financial assistance schemes implemented by governments to alleviate the financing challenges faced by SMEs.5. Conclusion:Accessing appropriate financing options is crucial for the growth and sustainability of SMEs. Exploring and analyzing relevant English literature sources is essential for SME owners, managers, and policymakers to make informed decisions regarding financing strategies. By drawing upon academic journals, research reports, case studies, and government publications, stakeholders can be equipped with valuable insights and best practices to support SME financing needs. Continuous research and understanding of the English literature in this field will contribute to the development of effective financing ecosystems for SMEs.。
融资文献综述范文中小企业融资的文献综述
融资文献综述范文中小企业融资的文献综述融资文献综述范文中小企业融资的文献综述文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文，它是科学文献的一种。
格式与写法文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。
这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，特别是阳性结果，而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。
因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和 ___。
撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，在根据提纲进行撰写工。
前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。
主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。
可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。
总结部分，与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，对所综述的主题有研究的作者，最好能提出自己的见解。
___虽然放在文末，但却是文献综述的重要组成部分。
因为它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据，而且为读者深入探讨有关问题提供了文献查找线索。
因此，应认真对待。
___的编排应条目清楚，查找方便，内容准确无误。
关于 ___的使用方法，录著项目及格式与研究论文相同，不再重复。
中国上市公司融资结构及融资偏好研究文献综述中小企业融资文献综述融资租赁的文献综述文献综述就是用资料，只不多有一个比较固定的格式。
主要是，关于你的论文主题，国内外学者提出多点看法和主张。
某某学者在某某文章中，就你的论文主题，提出看法认为如何如何都是这样的语句，写出来就ok了。
关于中小企业融资参考文献
[1] 邵忍丽. 金融危机下我国中小企业如何走出困境[J]. 经营与管理, 2009,(03)
[2] 刘斌. 金融危机下的中小企业融资渠道探析[J]. 中小企业管理与科技(下旬刊), 2009,(04)
[3] 张晓春. 探析民间融资的发展[J]. 经济师, 2010,(06)
[4] 焦聪. 经济危机下的中小企业应何去何从[J]. 中国集体经济, 2009,(13)
[5]马静婷. 金融危机下我国中小企业融资模式选择影响因素分析[J]. 经济研究导刊, 2010,(08)
[6] 钟纯. 浅议金融危机下我国中小企业短期融资券融资——基于首次试点的6家中小企业案例分析
[7] 陈丽金. 全球金融危机对我国中小企业的影响和对策分析[J]. 改革与战略, 2009,(06)
[8] 尹珊珊, 谭正航. 金融危机背景下中小企业复苏与民间金融阳光化[J]. 时代金融, 2009,(11)
[9] 宁丹. 略论国内中小企业融资与发展[J]. 时代教育(教育教学), 2010,(04)
[10]崔燕.国内中小企业融资问题文献综述[J].知识经济,2010-03。
中小企业论文参考文献范例
中小企业论文参考文献一、中小企业论文期刊参考文献[1].基于突变级数法的障碍诊断模型及其在中小企业中的应用.《系统工程理论与实践》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2013年6期.陈晓红.杨立.[2].电子商务环境下中小企业信用评价.《系统工程理论与实践》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2012年3期.李菁苗.吴吉义.章剑林.柯丽敏.[3].中小企业贷款利率定价的计算实验方法.《系统工程理论与实践》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2009年12期.熊熊.郭翠.张维.张永杰.[4].不可预料违约风险的中小企业集合债券定价.《系统工程理论与实践》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.被南京大学《核心期刊目录》收录CSSCI.2010年5期.张琦.陈晓红.[5].基于SaaS服务的中小企业业务协同系统.《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2011年3期.刘士军.张勇.杨成伟.[8].促进中小企业工业设计发展的思路.《江苏大学学报（自然科学版）》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2006年5期.陈羽.陈锦昌.[9].中小企业数据安全管理解决方案.《电子科技大学学报》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI 收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2009年z1期.孟向向.兰雨睛.[10].面向中小企业信息化建设的ASP服务平台.《计算机集成制造系统》.被中信所《中国科技期刊引证报告》收录ISTIC.被EI收录EI.被北京大学《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录PKU.2004年11期.赵慧娟.王淑营.孙林夫.二、中小企业论文参考文献学位论文类[1].我国中小企业融资问题研究.被引次数：68作者：尹丹莉.金融学天津财经大学2009（学位年度）[2].中小企业信用担保问题研究.被引次数：49作者：王传东.农业经济管理山东农业大学2006（学位年度）[3].非对称信息条件下中小企业银行信贷融资研究.被引次数：43作者：康立.世界经济华东师范大学2007（学位年度）[4].我国大型商业银行对中小企业信贷融资问题研究.被引次数：31作者：余江.金融学西南财经大学2008（学位年度）[5].中小企业供应链融资模式及其信用风险评价研究.被引次数：50作者：卞宁.会计学武汉理工大学2008（学位年度）[6].基于中小企业融资视角的供应链金融研究.被引次数：65作者：夏泰凤.政治经济学浙江大学2011（学位年度）[7].我国中小企业信用担保机构的法律问题研究.被引次数：2作者：王振峰.经济法学华中师范大学2013（学位年度）[8].中小企业在新三板的融资效果分析.被引次数：17作者：陆泱.工商管理上海交通大学2013（学位年度）[9].中小企业基因重组与转型成长研究.被引次数：6作者：段升森.管理科学与工程山东大学2013（学位年度）[10].中小企业云服务转换意愿实证研究.被引次数：1作者：李敏.管理科学与工程中国科学技术大学2014（学位年度）三、相关中小企业论文外文参考文献[1]Technologyadoptioninsmallandmediumsizedlogisticsproviders. PietroEvangelistaAlanMcKinnonEdwardSweeney《Industrialmanagement&datasystems》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.20137[2]Exploringdriversforenergyefficiencywithinsmallandmediumsizeden terprises:FirstevidencesfromItalianmanufacturingenterprises. EnricoCagnoAndreaTrianni《Appliedenergy》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.2013Apr.[3]Barrierstoincreasingenergyefficiency:evidencefromsmallandmediu msizedenterprisesinChina.GeniaKostkaUlfMoslenerJanAndreas《Journalofcleanerproduction》,被EI 收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.2013Oct.15[4]Thedesignandimplementationofknowledgemanagementsystemsandelear ningforimprovedoccupationalhealthandsafetyinsmalltomediumsizedenterpr ises.wsonS.ShalloeR.EastgateM.D'Cruz《Safetyscience》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.2013[5]LeanproductionandERPsystemsinsmallandmediumsizedenterprises:ER Psupportforpullproduction. DarylPowellJanRiezebosJanOlaStrandhagen 《Internationaljournalofproductionresearch》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.20131/2[6]Supplychainmanagementcapabilityofsmallandmediumsizedfamilybusi nessesinIndia:Amultiplecasestudyapproach. JayanthJayaramMitaDixitJaideepMotwani 《Internationaljournalofproductioneconomics》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.2014Jan.Pt.B[7]Topmanagementandtheadoptionofenergyefficiencypractices:Evidenc efromsmallandmediumsizedmanufacturingfirmsintheUS. VeredBlassCharlesJ.CorbettMagaliA.DelmasSureshMuthulingam《Energy》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.2014Feb.1[8]Methodologytodevelopaperformancemeasurementsysteminsmallandmed iumsizedenterprises.RicardoChalmetaSergioPalomeroMagaliMatilla 《InternationalJournalofComputerIntegratedManufacturing》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.20126/9[9]Impactoftopmanagementteamonfirmperformanceinsmallandmediumsize denterprisesadoptingcommercialopensourceenterpriseresourceplanning. SandraJ.CereolaBensonWierCarolynStrandNorman《Behaviour&informationtechnology》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.20127/9[10]Collaborationcapacityforsustainablesupplychainmanagement:smal landmediumsizedenterprisesinMexico.BartvanHoofMarcusThiell《Journalofcleanerproduction》,被EI收录EI.被SCI收录SCI.2014Mar.15四、中小企业论文专著参考文献[1]中小企业推动制造服务化刍议以福建省中小企业为例.林莉.马凤棋.范金旺，20132013年“中国*实践*管理”论坛[2]影响中小企业知识产权战略实施的关键因素基于浙江的实证研究.王黎萤.池仁勇.林智同，2013第九届中国科技政策与管理学术年会[3]基于供需矛盾的中小企业总部经济规划研究以深圳为例.王吉勇，20132013中国城市规划年会[4]试论科技传媒助力涉农中小企业树立品牌.门高伟，2013首届中国科技传播论坛[5]关于中小企业融资困境的对策以及中小企业信用担保体系存在问题的对策的论探.陈大明.刘金先.李华桥.王兴长.李国良，20112011’中国(河北)非公有制经济发展论坛[6]中小企业情境二元性研究评述.刘德鹏.尤树洋，2013第八届中国管理学年会——中国管理的国际化与本土化[7]借力全国中小企业股份转让系统实现中小企业快速发展.宋建林，2015对接京津与环首都沿渤海第12次论坛[8]大力支持中小企业进入资本市场促进中小企业转型升级.李兰英，20112011’中国(河北)非公有制经济发展论坛[9]当前中小企业融资难的误区兼论中小企业金融的发展.唐洋军，20112011’中国(河北)非公有制经济发展论坛。
中小企业融资参考文献
1.中国中小企业金融服务跟踪分析报告（2011年第2期）2.中小企业产品创新案例分析2011年3月刊3.中小企业金融环境与信贷决策分析报告2010年12月4.当前我国商业银行中小企业业务发展情况深度剖析2010年11月第六期5.以征信平台推动商业银行的中小企业融资业务——关于延伸与追踪中小企业信用记录的方案思考2011-3-15引言：中小企业融资难，是国内外商业银行长期面对的世界性难题。
我国政府对中小企业融资问题非常重视，但商业银行在具体推动这项业务时，须面对诸多不利因素。
在此情况下，商业银行虽然期望有效开发中小企业融资市场，但实际工作受到了较多限制，成效有限。
6．关于国内外中小企业融资对比的研究2011-3-10摘要：随着金融危机的蔓延，资金供需矛盾日益突出，中小企业普遍存在融资困难问题，严重影响了其生存和发展。
因此，如何解决中小企业融资难的问题已成为当务之急。
本文分析了国外发达国家中小企业的融资环境及可借鉴之处，并阐述了我国中小企业融资中的问题及原因，最后提出解决中小企业融资难的措施。
7．中小企业融资的困境及对策2011-3-7摘要：我国中小企业融资难的原因是多方面的，既有企业自身的原因，又有银行和国家政策的原因，本文就从分析其原因并提出解决途径两个方面进行论述。
8．走出中小企业融资的认识误区2011-3-1摘要：近年来，在人民银行和相关部门的大力推动下，我国中小企业融资难问题得到一定程度缓解。
2010年9月末，我国中小企业人民币贷款余额为17万亿元，占全部企业贷款的比重为56.4%。
但在现实工作中仍然存在一些认识方面的误区，需要进一步澄清。
9．外资银行中小企业授信业务现状、问题和建议——以深圳为例2010-9-27摘要：近两年，受国际金融危机的影响，深圳的中小企业遇到很多困难，而融资难问题表现得尤为突出。
为深入了解深圳外资银行对中小企业授信情况，研究解决外资银行开展中小企业授信业务面临的问题，我们对深圳外资银行进行了相关调研。
中小企业融资问题研究参考文献
中小企业融资问题研究参考文献融资问题一直是中小企业面临的重要挑战之一。
本文将介绍一些关于中小企业融资问题的研究参考文献，以探讨这个问题的原因和解决方法。
首先，中小企业融资问题的原因可以从多个角度进行分析。
研究表明，中小企业的融资问题主要源于它们的规模相对较小、信用较低、资产抵押能力较弱等特点。
例如，在《第四次普查与融资环境分析中的中国制造业中小企业》一文中，研究人员通过对中国制造业中小企业的普查数据进行分析，发现中小企业的资金需求量较大，但信贷难度也较高。
其次，有很多学者对中小企业融资问题进行了深入的研究，并提出了不同的解决方法。
例如，在《我国中小企业上市融资难的原因及对策研究》一文中，作者从宏观政策、市场环境、企业自身等方面分析了中小企业上市融资难的原因，并提出了政府引导、市场培育、企业自身努力等措施来解决这个问题。
在《融资困境中的中小企业发展战略研究》一文中，作者通过对多个中小企业的案例研究，总结了中小企业在融资困境中的发展策略，如提高企业管理水平、改善企业经营环境等。
此外，还有一些研究通过调查和访谈的方式来探讨中小企业融资问题。
例如，在《浙江省中小企业融资困境及对策研究》一文中，研究人员通过对浙江省中小企业的调查和访谈，分析了中小企业融资困境的原因，并提出了政府支持、金融机构创新、企业自身提升等对策。
在《我国中小微企业融资问题的研究——基于场景分析的实证研究》一文中，作者通过对某地区中小微企业融资问题的实证研究，提出了区域金融发展、信用信息体系建设、金融产品创新等对策来解决中小企业融资难的问题。
综上所述，中小企业融资问题是一个复杂的问题，涉及到企业自身和外部环境等多个因素。
相关的研究文献提供了对此问题的深入分析和解决方法。
然而，仍然需要进一步研究来深入理解和解决中小企业融资问题，以促进中小企业的健康发展。
中小企业融资研究文献综述及外文文献资料
本文档包括改专题的：外文文献、文献综述一、外文文献The Role of Banks in Small and Medium Enterprises Financing: A Case Studyfrom KosovoAbstractIn this study we investigate the impact of firm and entrepreneurship characteristics in small and medium enterprises (SME-s) investment finance through debt (bank loan). Data are gathered from interviews based on a self-organized questionnaire with 150 SME-s in Kosovo. Based on the econometric model of linear regression, key factors are identified which influence the investment growth financed by debt. The results indicate that there is mutual correlation among the firm's age, size, business plan, sector, number of owners, sources of financing and the investment growth financed from banks in Kosovo. Therefore, findings in this work suggest that the access to external sources of financing through bank loan is an important factor that influences the investment growth. The paper provides some important conclusions and implications for policymakers and entrepreneurs.Keywords: SME, entrepreneurship, financing through debt, investment, Kosovo1. IntroductionIt is explicitly accepted that SME-s present a pivotal element in the economic activity in both, developed and developing countries (Acs & Audretsch, 1990; Johnson & Loweman, 1995). Numerous authors from academic and professional world designate SME-s as generators of both, economic growth and overall social development (Audretsch & Klepper, 2000; World Bank Group, 2005; McMillan & Woodruff, 2002).The discussion of the relevant literature related to the access of SME-s to finance, as well as to investment finance is of particular importance (Krasniqi, 2007). According to Beck et al. (2007), the SME-s access to, and cost of, finances is quite often characterized as a major difficulty, up to the extent of 35 percent. It should alsobe stressed that the small firms come with more difficulty to loans, since they encounter higher transaction costs and higher premium risks, for they are more fragile and they offer lower collaterals (Beck et al., 2006). Audretsch and Elston (2006) also stress that small firms confronted higher financial difficulties than large ones. Similar conclusions can be found among other authors who have worked in this direction (Beck et al., 2006; Oliveira & Fortunato, 2006).Brinckmann et al. (2011) finds that small firms have higher limitations to access external sources of financing than bigger firms, and, thus, they become more dependent on internal funds for financing their investment needs. A major obstacle in financial markets to the access on finances by SME-s is also the asymmetry of information. Thus, based on Zhao et al. (2006), one from the major difficulties for accessing finance is the asymmetry of information among lenders and debtors; for instance, borrowers have private information on the firm that lenders do not possess. Because of their small size, short history and inconsistent accounting data, the issue of asymmetric information for SME-s becomes more serious (Deakins et al., 2008; EBRD, 1999; Pissardies et al., 2003; Klapper et al., 2002).Difficulties of this kind are expressed also among SME-s of Kosovo, as one from the last countries in transition. In spite of the fact that the SME sector in Kosovo is relatively new, it constitutes 98% of all the firms, thus representing a huge potential for generation of new jobs and for economic development of the country. Based on data of the World Bank (2010), the major obstacle to the development of SME-s in Kosovo is access to bank loans. Only 10% of investments made by SME-s are financed through bank loans, and above 85% of investments are financed from private sources (World Bank, 2010).Objective of this work is to empirically investigate the role and importance of the firms and entrepreneurship characteristics that influence the investment growth through debt finance (loans) in Kosovo. Therefore, the research question in this study is: How does the investment growth impact the performance of SME-s, by discussing the firm and entrepreneurship characteristics of the investment growth of SME-s in Kosovo?The organization of the work is as following: Part one discusses the context of the research, part two the theoretical aspect and the summary of literature. In part three we provide the research methodology and model. Part four contains the results and empirical findings. And, part five deals with the conclusions.2. Theory and Literature ReviewUntil now, there is no single and unique theoretical model that explains the financing of SME-s, which influences the performance of investments, their growth and development. The theoretical principles underlying capital structure can generally be describes in terms of the static trade off theory by Modigliani and Miller (1958), the pecking order theory (Myers & Majluf, 1984), managerial theory of investments (Marris, 1963; Baumol, 1967), agency theory by Jensen and Meckling (1976) and extended by Stiglitz and Weiss (1981).According to neoclassical theory of investments (M-M), which affirms the attitude on the irrelevance of the capital structure for the value of the firm, internal and external sources of financing are perfect substitutes. In the world of the perfect functioning of the market, the choice between financing through capital or debt is irrelevant. Therefore, the cost of capital and the market value of the firm are independent from the value of the firm (Modigliani & Miller, 1958). The theory of M-M is based on the following premises: there are no taxes, there are no transaction costs, there are no bankruptcy costs, the equal cost of debt for companies and for investors, symmetrical information in the market, there is no influence of debt in the profit of the company before interest and taxation.Modigliani and Miller (1958) modify their theory by introducing the tax on profit. In this case, the value of the firm is positively related to debt. After introducing the tax on profit in their analysis, they ascertain that the financial leverage increases the value of the firm, since the interest decreases the tax base (it is deduced from the business profit), and, therefore, we have savings which have the value of the interest. From this ascertainment, the value of the firm grows bigger, as the financial leverage increases, which means that the highest value of the firm is achieved if the burden of debt becomes 100%. In this way the firm attains absolute advantage, given that it isdefended from taxes.Scott (1972) emphasizes that 100% tax shield does not exist in reality, because of distress costs. Debt leads to legal obligation to pay interest and principal. If a firm cannot meet its debt obligation, it is forced in to bankruptcy an incurs associated costs (Fatoki & Asah, 2011). This theory, in fact, does not take into the consideration all the other factors, such as: the costs of the bankruptcy of the firm, the costs of the agency, the impact of debt in profit, the asymmetry of information, and, therefore, this theory is challenged by other theories (Harris & Raviv, 1991).Thus, the static trade off theory, which is based on the M-M theory and is its complementary, except savings from the tax on profit, incorporates into the discussion also the cost of bankruptcy, such as: judicial taxes, attorney costs, administrative costs, and, also, the agency costs (the firms managers damage the interests of the creditors by working in the interest of shareholders), and this can reduce the value of the firm (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). This theory is, in fact, the dominant theory regarding the determination of the financial structure of the firm, and it is founded on the premise that it is the firm that chooses how much it will be financed from debt, and how much from the capital, by balancing the cost of profits. According to this theory, the optimal level of the structure of capital is the one which equates the profit and costs from debt.According to pecking order theory, the firm initially prefers internal sources of financing to external ones, and, regarding external sources, they prefer debt to capital (Donaldson, 1961). Thus, initially we have the use of accumulated profit, amortization, debt, and, finally, the equity capital. According to this theory, the firms finance their investment requirements based on a hierarchic order. This can direct also to existence of the asymmetry of information between managers (insiders) and investors (outsiders). As a result of this, managers have more information then investors (Myers & Majluf, 1984).Based on the agency theory, Stiglitz and Weiss (1981) present the problem that, as a consequence of asymmetrical information, occur between managers and shareholders, on one hand, and the problem among shareholders, managers andcreditors, on the other. They argue that only SME-s knows the real financial structure of their own, the real strength of their investment projects and the tendencies for settling up the debt, and, therefore, the firm possesses superior private information (Mazanai & Fatoki, 2012).3. Hypothesis3.1 Business PlanAccording to Guffey, the business plan is a necessary requirement at the beginning of business, and it is used as an important element to acquire financial support during application to banking institutions (Guffey, 2008). An increase in the level of skills of those who are looking for credits in the compilation of business plans, will increase their opportunities to have properly prepared documentation, and to have a clear idea on the course of their business. According to Maziku (2012), the asymmetric information between the debt-seeking SME-s and the bank, is reflected in the incapability of the majority of SME-s to provide consistent financial data and real business plans, which increases the operational cost during the decision making for permitting the loans by the a bank (Maziku, 2012). Thus, the business plan does not have an impact only in reduction of operational costs, but it is also a key instrument in the decision making regarding the use of banking loans by the firms (Zhang, 2008; Madura, 2007). This is valid particularly for start-up businesses.Therefore, the following hypothesis is generated:H1: SME-s which have business plans are more likely to use bank loans than SME-s without written business plans.3.2 The Growth of the FirmThe growth of SME-s depends on the level of investments. The growth of SME-s can be measured in different ways, including the growth of sales, profits, or number of employees (McPerson, 1996). We measure this variable through the growth of the number of employees.The ability of SME-s to grow depends on a large measure from their potential to invest in the restructuring and innovations. All these investments require capital, that is, they require access to finance (Mazanai & Fatoki, 2012). According to Ganbold(2008), in a research of the World Bank, one among the key difficulties in the growth of the firm is access to financial services, which reflects in economic growth, employment generation, and reduction of poverty in the developing countries (Ganbold, 2008). Based on the theory of firm growth (Jovanovic, 1982), new enterprises grow faster, which means that these have to invest more.Therefore, the following hypothesis is generated:H2: SME-s that grow faster invest more than those with low level of growth.3.3 GenderIn the professional literature there are contradictory opinions regarding the impact that gender of the owner of the firm has into the access to finance. While a group of thinkers assert that gender of the owner has an impact into the capital structure of the firm, the other group denies this, ascertaining that gender doesn't have any impact into the determination of the capital structure.On one hand, Abor (2008) argues that businesses owned by female owners use the debt (loans) less for different reasons, including discrimination and aversion to risk. Watson et al. (2009) emphasize that a key factor in determining the capital structure in businesses owned by female owners is their propensity towards not accepting risk from the desire to keep things under control. Female clients are more hesitant to seek loans, since they feel discriminated and discouraged (Kon & Storey, 2003).On the other hand, Coleman (2000) find that there ar no important differences in the use of debt (banking loan) between female and male owners, and that gender is not an important predictor of the financial leverage of the firm. Whereas, Irving and Scott (2008), analyzing 400 SME-s, and based on the questionare prepared by Barclays Bank, in the most surprising way ascertain that female have easier access to finance then male. Therefore, based on the findings reported above, the following hypothesis is generated:H3: The male owners of firms are more likely to use bank loans then the female owners of firms.3.4 Sources of FinancingThe larger participation of investment finance from internal sources of SME-s increases the probability for acquiring of bank loans, since the internal sources carry the opportunity cost of financing of the project. Thus, SME-s provide higher level of trust to banks, since, in the case of failure, the unexpected burden falls on SME-s themselves. In their research conducted in 16 countries of OECD, Japelli and Pagano (1994) ascertain that banks don't finance 100% of the property value in any of these countries, but they do that with a certain coeficient loan/property. This is not equal for all the countries, and it differs from country to country, starting from the minimum financing of 50% in Turkey and Greece, up to 95% in Denmark.Thus, authors Lee and Ratti (2008) and Ahn et al. (2006) reports negative relationship between debt and investments. This relationship is stronger among smaller firms. As the debt (loans) grows, the cash flow is increasingly used for settling up the loan and its interest. Consequently, firms fulfill their obligations to creditors with more difficulties, and, on the other hand, the possibility for new investments is reduced.Therefore the following hypothesis is generated:H4: The higher the internal sources of SME-s, the higher probability to acquire bank loans for investment finance.3.5 EducationEducation is one of the important factors that influence the growth of the firm. Therefore, the high level of human capital (education and experience) has a positive impact in the growth of the firm. The owners of the firm who are of young age and low level of education are more active in using the external sources of financing, in spite of the fact that higher education reduces the fear for refusing the loans. In the meantime the owners of more mature age and with higher education, the so called "wiser" ones, can be found as less interested for external sources of financing (V os et al., 2007). Therefore, the majorities of owners of SME-s prefer to keep the control and do not apply for external capital (Curran, 1986; Jarvis, 2000).Thus, the internal capital is the major source of financing the SME-s (Ou & Haynes, 2003). Rand (2007) finds also negative influence between education ofowners-managers and access to credit, arguing that owners-managers with higher education can understand easier that their requirements for credits can be refused. Therefore, these owners-managers are for this reason discouraged and hesitate to apply for loans. In their study on new firms, Hartarska and Gonzales Vega (2006) find that education does not have an important role in the decision-making of the banks for lending.Therefore, the following hypothesis is generated:H5: Owners/managers with high level of education use less bank loans for financing the investment requirements.4. Methodology4.1. Sources of DataThe organization of data gathering from the questionnaire was developed in the period March-July, 2012, and data processing based on the answers was conducted in November and December 2012. On this occasion, a database was developed, which includes characteristics of SME-s in general, and characteristics related to investments and their financing in particular. Data processing was conducted with the STATA software.The questionnaire is specially designed for this scientific research with 150 SME-s in Kosovo, and it includes years 2010 and 2011. The sample selection is made randomly, from database at the Agency for Businesses Registration in the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Kosovo, and it is stratified in three basic sectors, in order to reflect eventual changes among the production, trade and service firms. Interviews were conducted directly (face to face) with owners/managers, or financial managers of the firms.4.2 QuestionnaireThe questionnaire consisted of 4 major sections. The first section included data on the owner/manager of the firm, and general data about the firm (location, the year of establishment, type of activity, and qualification of owners/managers). Second section included the orientation regarding the development in the future as well as investments, and here are presented data regarding volume of investments, sources ofinvestment, the use of bank loans in realization of investments, conditions of financing, activities that are conducted during the realization of investments, and investment plans for the future. The third section covers information regarding business activities of the firms inside and outside of the country, that is, whether a certain firm imports or exports merchandise. The fourth section includes data regarding the business plans of the firms: possession of the business plan, its impact on the decisions of the banks. Information gathered from the questionnaire was important for determining the variables in the econometric model of linear regression.5. Survey ResultsBased on the results, we conclude that the regression linear model mentioned above is specified good, given that Adj R-squared 0.36, which shows that the variation in independent variables explains the variation in dependent variable for more than 36%. In addition, the statistical F-test, shows that all the independent variables, jointly, which are statistically significant, are different from zero.Also, the correlation analysis shows that the problem of correlation in independent variables is not present in our data, given that there no higher coefficients in our estimation. Also, the dependent variable has a normal distribution and does not represent a statistical problem that requires treatment.Based on the table 2, in which the results of the linear regression are presented, from nine independent variables, six are statistically significant with impact on the dependent variable, or on the investment growth.According to results, the variable business plan, is statistically significant and with positive sign. This means that the firms that have business plans, on average have investment growths that are bigger than those of the firms that do not have business plans. Similar ascertainments can be found among other authors who emphasize that the business plan serves as a mean for increasing financing from external sources (Zhang, 2008).The variable trade is statistically significant and with negative impact in the investment growth when compared with the firms that belong to the service sector. This has the meaning that services on average invest more than other sectors. Inaddition the variable production is also statistically significant and with negative impact on the increase of investments when compared with the firms that belong to the sector of services. This has the meaning that when compared with the services, the sector of production invests less than other sectors. Similar ascertainments for the case of Kosovo can be found in the work of the author Krasniqi (2010).The next variable no_own, which indicates the number of owners, is statistically significant and with positive impact, which means that the greater the number of owners, the greater will be the investments. We have also size_emp as a variable that shows the size of the firm expressed by the number of employees, and is statistically significant and with inverse impact on the growth of investments. This means that smaller firms have larger investment growths. This finding clearly reflects that as the number of employee's grows, the firms grow slowlier. This is in full accordance with findings of other authors (Audretsch & Klepper, 2000; Caves, 1998). These results are the same with other studies that oppose the Gibrat Law (Krasniqi, 2006; Harris & Trainor, 2005).The firm_age as an independent variable is statistically significant and with negative sign, which means that new firms grow faster than older firms. This ascertainment is in accordance with findings of many authors who ascertain that younger firms grow faster than the older ones, and, therefore, have higher investment growth (Woldie et al., 2008; Storey, 1994; Barkham et al., 1996).The gender of the owner of the firm in the presented model, as a variable is not statistically significant, which means that the owners of the businesses of both genders have the same probability to obtain bank loans for SME-s investments. These results are in accordance with the studies conducted by Kalleberg and Leicht (1991), who, in a study conducted with 300 firms in three sectors, ascertain that female owners were as successful as male owners. We find similar ascertainment in the study of 298 businesses in United Kingdom, which emphasizes that gender, is not a determinant for financing the business (Johnson & Storey, 1993). Coleman (2000) emphasizes that there are no important differences in the use of debt (bank loans) between males and females, and that gender is not an important predictor for financial leverage of thefirm.Finally, education represents a variable which is not statistically significant and has negative sign, which means that the level of education of the managers/owners doesn't impact external sources of financing (bank loans) for SME-s investments. This is explained by the fact that Kosovan SME-s suffer from permanent lack of capital, and on average the time frame of establishment is short and the means that are accumulated from the profits are insufficient for financing the investments. Therefore, the only alternative that remains to them is financing from banking credits, taking into the consideration that the capital market does not function in Kosovo, which causes that the possibility to use other forms of external financing is very difficult. Similar results can be found at Krasniqi (2010).6. ConclusionsIn this study we have investigated empirically the key factors of the firms and entrepreneurship which influence the increase of investment growth through bank loans. The data gathered by the self organized questionnaire with 150 SME-s in the entire territory of Kosovo for the years 2010 and 2011 are used to test the impact of certain factors in the increase of investments through the use of financial means from debt (bank loans). Based on the statistical analysis and the method of linear regression, key factors are identified as indicators that influence the growth of investments of SME-s in Kosovo.The findings of this work stress that the business plan is a factor with statistical importance which has positive influence in the access to the bank loans for financing the SME-s investment. This means that the firms that posses business plan and use it for seeking bank loans necessary for financing investments, on average have higher growth of investments than the firms who do not have a business plan.The variables trade and production are statistically significant, but they have negative influence in the growth of investments. This means that the firms that use bank loans for investment in the sector of trade and production, on average, have lower chance to grow, than firms in the service sector. This is an indicator that shows that the sector of services is more attractive in the aspect of investments of Kosovanfirms, than other sectors of the economy, and this results from faster returns of investments and, consequently, faster settling up of the bank loans.The next variable named as the number of owners also results positive and significant in the statistical aspect, which means that the larger the number of owners, the greater the investments. This is explained by the fact that in Kosovo firms have started to use other forms of organization that influence the growth of business and of firm, through larger number of owners who use investment as another opportunity for the growth and development of the firm.The size of the firm expressed by the number of employees results with inverse influence in the growth of investments, and is statistically significant. The meaning of this is that smaller firms have bigger growth of investment on average than other firms. This result is in accordance with other studies that oppose the Gibrat's Law for the case of Kosovo (Krasniqi, 2010). Similar results are attained regarding the variable the age of the firm, which is statistically significant and has a negative sign, which means that the younger firms invest more on average than older firms.Empirical evidence and findings in this work can be used as recommendations for a broad spectrum of users. The problems of asymmetric information between owners-managers and creditors (banks) are of particular importance. This represents a clear signal for policy makers to create conditions for favorable environment for stimulating the sources of external financing of SME-s in Kosovo, such as: the creation of the guarantee fund for SME-s, the increase of banking supply through licensing of new banks in the financial market, which will increase the competition between the existing banks, and which will, in turn, enable the improvement of the conditions of financing of SME-s, with the reduction of the interest, reduction of managerial costs, increase of the grace period, softening of the conditions for collateral, longer periods of use of financial means, particularly for SME-s that have longer investment plans. Also, in the institutional aspect, initiatives should be undertaken for the creation of conditions for development of entrepreneurial capabilities, and for other forms of cooperating networks of firms that will facilitate the growth of businesses in general, and investment growth in particular.二、文献综述中小企业融资研究文献综述摘要长时间以来，融资难问题都是制约中小企业长期稳定发展的最主要因素之一，各国学者对于中小企业的融资问题从本国范围和世界范围内进行了深入的研究,在此对国内外学者的研究成果进行了文献综述，主要内容包括：中小企业融资现状和制度环境分析；分别从内、外部原因以及信息不对称等原因分析中小企业融资难问题；第三部分是关于应对中小企业融资难问题的对策研究；最后给出关于中小企业融资难问题的建议。
中小企业融资问题研究中小企业融资参考文献
中小企业融资问题研究中小企业融资参考文献【摘要】近些年来，我国中小企业得到了迅猛发展，然而，在我国仍然有诸多的因素制约着中小企业，尤为突出的是债券融资瓶颈问题，中小企业融资难的呼声也越来越高，在当前调控产业政策政策的影响下，中小企业融资难问题更加突出。
本文对中小企业融资问题作一些探讨。
【关键词】中小企业融资对策一、我国中小企业融资问题现状一是短期部分资金融通难度降低，但长期权益性资本惨重长期缺乏。
由于国内外政府的努力，中小企业的困难融资困难有所缓解。
但是现有金融体系只是对中小企业开放了短期信贷业务，中长期和权益性资本的供给仍严重不足。
特别是对于大量高科技创业型企业来说，最为缺乏的较为不是短期贷款而是中长期贷款和股权投资，但这类资本很难从正式金融体系中获得。
二是中小企业难以达到银行信用要求。
中小企业普遍具有信用水平低或尚未建立起信用、可抵押资产少、财务制度不健全、资金需求数量信噪比少但频率高等问题，银行部门不敢轻易放款，贷款条件也极为严格。
为求得发展，这类寄希望于企业往往只能从非正式金融活动中寻求资金。
三是所有制不同点正在缩小但依然存在。
由于一些执法和审计部门观念上的问题，在实际工作中确实存在着对国企贷款显现出虽然坏账不予追究、对私企贷款出现坏账追究法律责任的现象。
银行信贷人员因此车贷尽量不对中小企业按揭，在具体贷款评审中所，对中小企业的风险评估也高于国有企业。
总的来看，尽管目前社会资金资金来源相对充裕，但正式间接融资体系还是资本市场，都未能对中小企业提供足够的资金供给。
二、中小企业债券融资困难原因一是难在信用上。
市场经济在一定意义上是信用记录宏观经济经济。
目前我们全社会的信用体系建设滞后，对中小企业，特别是对微企的信用状况无从纪录，更不用说管理。
企业与银行、某种企业与企业在打交道的过程中主要是一种信用关系。
缺乏信用体系，使合作双方的磨合与信任必须从零开始、从问号开始，双方都举棋不定。
银行对企业信用的时间延迟认证需要时间，考察与了解的工作是繁重而深入的、是必须的。
中小企业融资毕业参考文献.doc
中小企业融资毕业参考文献
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7.《中小民营企业融资难的问题与对策》崔俊峰. 中国金融家2005年06期
8.《中小企业融资问题初探》李靖. 刊名】决策探索2005年06期
9.《浅谈我国中小企业融资困难的主要原因及对策》廖丹. 湖南经济管理干部学院学报2005年03期
10.《对中国中小企业融资体系构建的理性思考》陈璐. 巢湖学院学报2005年04期
11.贝多广.中国资金流动分析〔M〕.上海：上海三联书店，1995.
12.刘彪.企业融资机制分析〔M〕.北京：中国人民大学出版社，1995.
13.吴敬琏.现代公司与企业改革〔M〕.天津：天津人民出版社，1994.
14.伍中信.产权与会计〔M〕.上海：立信会计出版社，1998.。
企业融资毕业论文参考文献有哪些
企业融资毕业论文参考文献有哪些推荐文章计算机维护毕业论文范文热度：最新汉语言文学专业本科毕业论文热度：有关国际法毕业论文热度：浅谈加强生态文明建设毕业论文范文热度：大学毕业论文机械类热度：在一篇企业融资论文中，参考文献是对引用过的注解或者名著做出解释的过程。
下面是店铺带来的关于企业融资论文参考文献的内容，欢迎阅读参考!企业融资论文参考文献(一)[1] Justin G. Longenecker, Carlos W. Moore,J. William Petty;郭武文等译。
小企业管理：创业之门：an entrepreneurial emphasis[M] .北京：人民邮电出版社，2006.[2] 李丽霞，徐海俊，孟菲。
我国中小企业融资体系的研究[M] .北京：科学出版社，2005.[3] 陈红辉，赵正堂。
天使投资：我国的现状、问题与对策[J].市场周刊，2004(08)。
[4] 范秀峰，李建中。
资本结构与中小企业股权融资的实证分析[J].宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2005(3)：97-98.[5] 韩娜。
论日本中小企业的界定标准[J].前言，2010(08)。
[6] 林汉川,魏中奇。
台湾中小企业界定标准的演变分析与启示[J].福建论坛(经济社会版)2002(04)。
[7] 梁文潮。
中小企业永续经营之道--理论·准则·方法[M] .武汉：武汉大学出版社，2008.[8] 彭十一。
我国中小企业界定标准的历史回顾及评价[J].企业管理，2009(5)。
[9] 丁会凯，王红艳，陈伟达等。
我国中小企业的界定及其发展过程中的规模问题研究[J].现代管理科学，2005(10)。
[10] 计〖1978〗234 号公布，关于基本建设项目和大中型划分标准的规定[S].企业融资论文参考文献(二)1.《我国中小企业融资难之现状与对策分析》【作者】刘群. 【刊名】金融纵横 2005年05期2.《我国中小企业融资对策分析》【作者】国亮. 【刊名】杨凌职业技术学院学报 2005年01期3.《中小企业的融资问题及对策》【作者】洪慧. 【刊名】云南财贸学院学报(社会科学版) 2005年01期4.《浅析中小企业融资难》【作者】党宏明. 【刊名】西安金融2005年07期5.《对中小企业融资难问题的成因及对策分析》【作者】姜征宇. 申希国. 【刊名】济南金融 2005年06期6.《当前我国中小企业融资制约因素及对策》【作者】王伯芳. 【刊名】企业技术开发 2005年07期7.《中小民营企业融资难的问题与对策》【作者】崔俊峰. 【刊名】中国金融家 2005年06期8.《中小企业融资问题初探》【作者】李靖. 刊名】决策探索2005年06期9.《浅谈我国中小企业融资困难的主要原因及对策》【作者】廖丹. 【刊名】湖南经济管理干部学院学报 2005年03期10.《对中国中小企业融资体系构建的理性思考》【作者】陈璐. 【刊名】巢湖学院学报 2005年04期企业融资论文参考文献(三)[1] 包诺敏。
关于中小企业融资毕业论文参考文献小汇总
1.《我国中小企业融资难之现状与对策分析》【作者】刘群. 【刊名】金融纵横 2005年05期2.《我国中小企业融资对策分析》【作者】国亮. 【刊名】杨凌职业技术学院学报 2005年01期3.《中小企业的融资问题及对策》【作者】洪慧. 【刊名】云南财贸学院学报(社会科学版) 2005年01期4.《浅析中小企业融资难》【作者】党宏明. 【刊名】西安金融 2005年07期5.《对中小企业融资难问题的成因及对策分析》【作者】姜征宇. 申希国. 【刊名】济南金融 2005年06期6.《当前我国中小企业融资制约因素及对策》【作者】王伯芳. 【刊名】企业技术开发 2005年07期7.《中小民营企业融资难的问题与对策》【作者】崔俊峰. 【刊名】中国金融家 2005年06期8.《中小企业融资问题初探》【作者】李靖. 刊名】决策探索 2005年06期9.《浅谈我国中小企业融资困难的主要原因及对策》【作者】廖丹. 【刊名】湖南经济管理干部学院学报 2005年03期10.《对中国中小企业融资体系构建的理性思考》【作者】陈璐. 【刊名】巢湖学院学报 2005年04期[2] 邹传太：债转股的财务效益浅析，经济与管理，2003年第1期[3] 朱邦富：企业间债转股，企业管理，2002年第5期[4] 肖霞，民营科技企业发展中的融资分析，市场与发展，2003年第2期[5] 李树丞，刘长庚，楚尔鸣等：中国民营高科技企业发展研究报告，经济科学出版社[6] 康成杰，柴靖静：优化个体私营经济发展法制环境的对策和建设，经济与管理，2003年第1期[7] 邓红征，周长信：中小企业融资效率的模糊综合评价，企业经济，2003年第2期[8] 欧江波，欧群芳：美国对小企业的财政金融支持及其启示，企业经济，2003年第1期[9] 邓向荣，于中鹏：民营企业股权优化与稳定机制研究，现代经济探讨，2003年第3期[10]王婷：中小企业融资问题探讨，企业经济，2003年第2期[11]曾爱青，刘智勇：多方努力共同营造中小民企融资多赢格局，企业经济，2003年第1期[12]肖侠：求解我国中小企业融资难的整合创新，企业经济，2003年第3期[13]花爱梅：信用管理：现代企业管理的新课题，企业经济，2003年第2期[14]张青美，施林琳，李红：中国民营企业融资问题的思考，企业经济，2003年第2期[15]张荇，陈永志：大力发展融资租赁业改善中小企业融资困境，经济与管理，2003年第3期[16]冯雪飞，王竞天，韩俊：中小企业创新与融资，上海财经大学出版社[17]方利胜，狄娜：中小企业信用担保，上海财经大学出版社[18]锁箭：中小企业发展的国际比较，中国社会科学出版社[19]林祖基，邵汉青：资本市场融资与运作，海天出版社[20]陈晓红，杨艳军：二板上市之路，湖南人民出版社[21] Udell–Based Finance， NewYork:：The Commercial Finance Association, 2004。
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中小企业融资毕业参考文献
1.《我国中小企业融资难之现状与对策分析》刘群. 金融纵横2005年05期
2.《我国中小企业融资对策分析》国亮. 杨凌职业技术学院学报2005年01期
3.《中小企业的融资问题及对策》洪慧. 云南财贸学院学报(社会科学版) 2005年01期
4.《浅析中小企业融资难》党宏明. 西安金融2005年07期
5.《对中小企业融资难问题的成因及对策分析》姜征宇. 申希国. 济南金融2005年06期
6.《当前我国中小企业融资制约因素及对策》王伯芳. 企业技术开发2005年07期
7.《中小民营企业融资难的问题与对策》崔俊峰. 中国金融家2005年06期
8.《中小企业融资问题初探》李靖. 刊名】决策探索2005年06期
9.《浅谈我国中小企业融资困难的主要原因及对策》廖丹. 湖南经济管理干部学院学报2005年03期
10.《对中国中小企业融资体系构建的理性思考》陈璐. 巢湖学院学报2005年04期
11.贝多广.中国资金流动分析〔M〕.上海：上海三联书店，1995.
12.刘彪.企业融资机制分析〔M〕.北京：中国人民大学出版社，1995.
13.吴敬琏.现代公司与企业改革〔M〕.天津：天津人民出版社，1994.
14.伍中信.产权与会计〔M〕.上海：立信会计出版社，1998.。