Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400) Unit2
王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方窗户中出现轻声那边窗子里亮起来的是什么光那就是东方朱丽叶就是太阳起来吧美丽的太阳赶走那妒忌的月亮她因为她的女弟子比她美得多已经气得面色惨白了既然她这样妒忌着你你不要忠于她吧脱下她给你的这一身惨绿色的贞女的道服它是只配给愚人穿的那是我的意中人啊那是我的爱唉但愿她知道我在爱着她她欲言又止可是她的眼睛已经道出了她的心事待我去回答她吧不我不要太卤莽她不是对我说话天上两颗最灿烂的星因为有事他去请求她的眼睛替代它们在空中闪耀要是她的眼睛变成了天上的星天上的星变成了她的眼睛那便怎样呢她脸上的光辉会掩盖了星星的明亮正像灯光在朝阳下黯然失色一样在天上的她的眼睛会在太空中大放光明使鸟儿误认为黑夜已经过去而唱出它们的歌声瞧她用纤手托住了脸那姿态是多么美妙啊但愿我是那一只手上的手套好让我亲一亲她脸上的香泽朱丽叶唉罗密欧她说话了啊再说下去吧光明的天使因为我在这夜色之中仰视着你就像一个尘世的凡人张大了出神的眼睛瞻望着一个生着翅膀的天使驾着白云缓缓地驰过了天空一样朱丽叶罗密欧啊罗密欧为什么你偏偏是罗密欧呢否认你的父亲抛弃你的姓名吧也许你不愿意这样做那么只要你宣誓做我的爱人我也不愿再姓凯普莱特了罗密欧旁白我还是继续听下去呢还是现在就对她说话朱丽叶只有你的名字才是我的仇敌你即使不姓蒙太古仍然是这样的一个你姓不姓蒙太古又有什么关系呢它又不是手又不是脚又不是手臂又不是脸又不是身体上任何其他的部分啊换一个姓名吧姓名本来是没有意义的我们叫做玫瑰的这一种花要是换了个名字它的香味还是同样的芬芳罗密欧要是换了别的名字他的可爱的完美也决不会有丝毫改变罗密欧抛弃了你的名字吧我愿意把我整个的心灵赔偿你这一个身外的空名罗密欧那么我就听你的话你只要叫我做爱我就重新受洗重新命名从今以后永远不再叫罗密欧了朱丽叶你是什么人在黑夜里躲躲闪闪地偷听人家的话罗密欧我没法告诉你我叫什么名字敬爱的神明我痛恨我自己的名字因为它是你的仇敌要是把它写在纸上我一定把这几个字撕成粉碎朱丽叶我的耳朵里还没有灌进从你嘴里吐出来的一百个字可是我认识你的声音你不是罗密欧蒙太古家里的人吗罗密欧不是美人要是你不喜欢这两个名字朱丽叶告诉我你怎么会到这儿来为什么到这儿来花园的墙这么高是不容易爬上来的要是我家里的人瞧见你在这儿他们一定不让你活命罗密欧我借着爱的轻翼飞过园墙因为砖石的墙垣是不能把爱情阻隔的爱情的力量所能够做到的事它都会冒险尝试所以我不怕你家里人的干涉朱丽叶要是他们瞧见了你一定会把你杀死的罗密欧唉你的眼睛比他们二十柄刀剑还厉害只要你用温柔的眼光看着我他们就不能伤害我的身体朱丽叶我怎么也不愿让他们瞧见你在这儿罗密欧朦胧的夜色可以替我遮过他们的眼睛只要你爱我就让他们瞧见我吧与其因为得不到你的爱情而在这世上捱命还不如在仇人的刀剑下丧生朱丽叶谁叫你找到这儿来的罗密欧爱情怂恿我探听出这一个地方他替我出主意我借给他眼睛我不会操舟驾舵可是倘使你在辽远辽远的海滨我也会冒着风波寻访你这颗珍宝朱丽叶幸亏黑夜替我罩上了一重面幕否则为了我刚才被你听去的话你一定可以看见我脸上羞愧的红晕我真想遵守礼法否认已经说过的言语可是这些虚文俗礼现在只好一切置之不顾了你爱我吗我知道你一定会说是的我也一定会相信你的话可是也许你起的誓只是一个谎人家说对于恋人们的寒盟背信天神是一笑置之的温柔的罗密欧啊你要是真的爱我就请你诚意告诉我你要是嫌我太容易降心相从我也会堆起怒容装出倔强的神气拒绝你的好意好让你向我婉转求情否则我是无论如何不会拒绝你的俊秀的蒙太古啊我真的太痴心了所以也许你会觉得我的举动有点轻浮可是相信我朋友总有一天你会知道我的忠心远胜过那些善于矜持作态的人我必须承认倘不是你乘我不备的时候偷听去了我的真情的表白我一定会更加矜持一点的所以原谅我吧是黑夜泄漏了我心底的秘密不要把我的允诺看作无耻的轻狂罗密欧姑娘凭着这一轮皎洁的月亮它的银光涂染着这些果树的梢端我发誓朱丽叶啊不要指着月亮起誓它是变化无常的每个月都有盈亏圆缺你要是指着它起誓也许你的爱情也会像它一样无常罗密欧那么我指着什么起誓呢朱丽叶不用起誓吧或者要是你愿意的话就凭着你优美的自身起誓那是我所崇拜的偶像我一定会相信你的罗密欧要是我的出自深心的爱情朱丽叶好别起誓啦我虽然喜欢你却不喜欢今天晚上的密约它太仓卒太轻率太出人意外了正像一闪电光等不及人家开一声口已经消隐了下去好人再会吧这一朵爱的蓓蕾靠着夏天的暖风的吹拂也许会在我们下次相见的时候开出鲜艳的花来晚安晚安但愿恬静的安息同样降临到你我两人的心头罗密欧啊你就这样离我而去不给我一点满足吗朱丽叶你今夜还要什么满足呢罗密欧你还没有把你的爱情的忠实的盟誓跟我交换朱丽叶在你没有要求以前我已经把我的爱给了你了可是我倒愿意重新给你罗密欧你要把它收回去吗为什么呢爱人朱丽叶为了表示我的慷慨我要把它重新给你可是我只愿意要我已有的东西我的慷慨像海一样浩渺我的爱情也像海一样深沉我给你的越多我自己也越是富有因为这两者都是没有穷尽的乳媪在内呼唤我听见里面有人在叫亲爱的再会吧就来了。
Geoffrey Chaucer
Questions:
1. The Canterbury Tales was written in ________.
A. Old English B. Middle English C. Modern English D. Current Modern English
2. Pilgrims travel to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury in ________.
客房与马厩宽敞又洁净， 店主的招待周到而殷勤。 夕阳刚从地平线上消失， 众人同我已经相互结识； 大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床， 迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上。
可是在我叙述故事之前， 让我占用诸位一点时间， 依我之见似乎还很必要， 把每人的情况作些介绍。 谈谈他们从事什么行业， 社会地位属于哪个阶层， 容貌衣着举止又是如何， 那么我就先把骑士说说。
3.1 Outline of The Canterbury Tales
Each is to tell two stories going and two returning. And the best story-teller shall be treated with a fine supper at storythe general expense at the end. It should be an immense work of 124 stories, but only 24 were written. Chaucer’s work consists of three parts
The Pardoner’s tale the Wife of Bath’s tale See handouts
Its Significance
《英国文学选读》译文汇总.
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方窗户中出现轻声那边窗子里亮起来的是什么光那就是东方朱丽叶就是太阳起来吧美丽的太阳赶走那妒忌的月亮她因为她的女弟子比她美得多已经气得面色惨白了既然她这样妒忌着你你不要忠于她吧脱下她给你的这一身惨绿色的贞女的道服它是只配给愚人穿的那是我的意中人啊那是我的爱唉但愿她知道我在爱着她她欲言又止可是她的眼睛已经道出了她的心事待我去回答她吧不我不要太卤莽她不是对我说话天上两颗最灿烂的星因为有事他去请求她的眼睛替代它们在空中闪耀要是她的眼睛变成了天上的星天上的星变成了她的眼睛那便怎样呢她脸上的光辉会掩盖了星星的明亮正像灯光在朝阳下黯然失色一样在天上的她的眼睛会在太空中大放光明使鸟儿误认为黑夜已经过去而唱出它们的歌声瞧她用纤手托住了脸那姿态是多么美妙啊但愿我是那一只手上的手套好让我亲一亲她脸上的香泽朱丽叶唉罗密欧她说话了啊再说下去吧光明的天使因为我在这夜色之中仰视着你就像一个尘世的凡人张大了出神的眼睛瞻望着一个生着翅膀的天使驾着白云缓缓地驰过了天空一样朱丽叶罗密欧啊罗密欧为什么你偏偏是罗密欧呢否认你的父亲抛弃你的姓名吧也许你不愿意这样做那么只要你宣誓做我的爱人我也不愿再姓凯普莱特了罗密欧旁白我还是继续听下去呢还是现在就对她说话朱丽叶只有你的名字才是我的仇敌你即使不姓蒙太古仍然是这样的一个你姓不姓蒙太古又有什么关系呢它又不是手又不是脚又不是手臂又不是脸又不是身体上任何其他的部分啊换一个姓名吧姓名本来是没有意义的我们叫做玫瑰的这一种花要是换了个名字它的香味还是同样的芬芳罗密欧要是换了别的名字他的可爱的完美也决不会有丝毫改变罗密欧抛弃了你的名字吧我愿意把我整个的心灵赔偿你这一个身外的空名罗密欧那么我就听你的话你只要叫我做爱我就重新受洗重新命名从今以后永远不再叫罗密欧了朱丽叶你是什么人在黑夜里躲躲闪闪地偷听人家的话罗密欧我没法告诉你我叫什么名字敬爱的神明我痛恨我自己的名字因为它是你的仇敌要是把它写在纸上我一定把这几个字撕成粉碎朱丽叶我的耳朵里还没有灌进从你嘴里吐出来的一百个字可是我认识你的声音你不是罗密欧蒙太古家里的人吗罗密欧不是美人要是你不喜欢这两个名字朱丽叶告诉我你怎么会到这儿来为什么到这儿来花园的墙这么高是不容易爬上来的要是我家里的人瞧见你在这儿他们一定不让你活命罗密欧我借着爱的轻翼飞过园墙因为砖石的墙垣是不能把爱情阻隔的爱情的力量所能够做到的事它都会冒险尝试所以我不怕你家里人的干涉朱丽叶要是他们瞧见了你一定会把你杀死的罗密欧唉你的眼睛比他们二十柄刀剑还厉害只要你用温柔的眼光看着我他们就不能伤害我的身体朱丽叶我怎么也不愿让他们瞧见你在这儿罗密欧朦胧的夜色可以替我遮过他们的眼睛只要你爱我就让他们瞧见我吧与其因为得不到你的爱情而在这世上捱命还不如在仇人的刀剑下丧生朱丽叶谁叫你找到这儿来的罗密欧爱情怂恿我探听出这一个地方他替我出主意我借给他眼睛我不会操舟驾舵可是倘使你在辽远辽远的海滨我也会冒着风波寻访你这颗珍宝朱丽叶幸亏黑夜替我罩上了一重面幕否则为了我刚才被你听去的话你一定可以看见我脸上羞愧的红晕我真想遵守礼法否认已经说过的言语可是这些虚文俗礼现在只好一切置之不顾了你爱我吗我知道你一定会说是的我也一定会相信你的话可是也许你起的誓只是一个谎人家说对于恋人们的寒盟背信天神是一笑置之的温柔的罗密欧啊你要是真的爱我就请你诚意告诉我你要是嫌我太容易降心相从我也会堆起怒容装出倔强的神气拒绝你的好意好让你向我婉转求情否则我是无论如何不会拒绝你的俊秀的蒙太古啊我真的太痴心了所以也许你会觉得我的举动有点轻浮可是相信我朋友总有一天你会知道我的忠心远胜过那些善于矜持作态的人我必须承认倘不是你乘我不备的时候偷听去了我的真情的表白我一定会更加矜持一点的所以原谅我吧是黑夜泄漏了我心底的秘密不要把我的允诺看作无耻的轻狂罗密欧姑娘凭着这一轮皎洁的月亮它的银光涂染着这些果树的梢端我发誓朱丽叶啊不要指着月亮起誓它是变化无常的每个月都有盈亏圆缺你要是指着它起誓也许你的爱情也会像它一样无常罗密欧那么我指着什么起誓呢朱丽叶不用起誓吧或者要是你愿意的话就凭着你优美的自身起誓那是我所崇拜的偶像我一定会相信你的罗密欧要是我的出自深心的爱情朱丽叶好别起誓啦我虽然喜欢你却不喜欢今天晚上的密约它太仓卒太轻率太出人意外了正像一闪电光等不及人家开一声口已经消隐了下去好人再会吧这一朵爱的蓓蕾靠着夏天的暖风的吹拂也许会在我们下次相见的时候开出鲜艳的花来晚安晚安但愿恬静的安息同样降临到你我两人的心头罗密欧啊你就这样离我而去不给我一点满足吗朱丽叶你今夜还要什么满足呢罗密欧你还没有把你的爱情的忠实的盟誓跟我交换朱丽叶在你没有要求以前我已经把我的爱给了你了可是我倒愿意重新给你罗密欧你要把它收回去吗为什么呢爱人朱丽叶为了表示我的慷慨我要把它重新给你可是我只愿意要我已有的东西我的慷慨像海一样浩渺我的爱情也像海一样深沉我给你的越多我自己也越是富有因为这两者都是没有穷尽的乳媪在内呼唤我听见里面有人在叫亲爱的再会吧就来了。
大学英语英国文学选读
Preface (The Development of British Literature)1. Early and Medieval Literature (5th century-1485)2. The Period of English Renaissance (the end of 15th century-the beginning of 17th century)3. 17th Century Literature4. The Period of Enlightenment (the end of 17th century-the middle of 18th century)5. English Romanticism (1798-1832)6. The Age of Realism (1830s-1918)7. The Age of Modernism (1918-1945)8. Contemporary British Literature (1945- )Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)Lived in the 14th centuryThe greatest writer in this century and the 14th century is usually known as “The Age of Chaucer”Was acclaimed as “father of English poetry”◆Literary Career1. From 1360 to 1372 (French period)Translations: The Romance of the Rose2. From 1373 to 1386 (Italian period)Major works: 1380 The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会》1384 The House of Fame《声誉之堂》1385 Troilus and Criseyde《特洛勒斯与克丽西德》1386 The Book of the Duchess《公爵夫人之书》The Legend of Good Women3. From 1387 to 1400 (English period)Masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales1700lines—about half of Chaucer’s entire literary productionThe whole poem is a collection of tales and stories strung together according to a simple plan, which shows the influence of Boccaccio’s Decameron.◆The PrologueThe Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of realistic portrayal, the first of its kind in the history of English literature. We see the whole cavalcade, as it rides out on a fine spring morning.The pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups, with various interests, tastes and predilections. (preference)◆CommentsChaucer makes English the language of literature. The language he used, known as Middle English now, is vivid and smooth.Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry i s that he greatly enriched the rhyme schemes by introducing from France the rhymed stanzas of various types.◆TermsIambic Pentameter:五音步抑扬格It refers to a poetic line consisting of metrical foot in poetry consisting of one short or unstressed syllable followed by one long or stressed syllable.Heroic Couplet:英雄双韵体It refers to a pair of rhymed iambic pentameter lines. A stanza composed of two heroic couplets is called a heroic quatrain.Alliteration:头韵It refers to the repetition of similar sounds, usually consonants or consonant clusters, in a group of words. Sometimes, the term is limited to the repetition of initial consonant sounds.Unit 2 William Shakespeare (1564-1616)William Shakespeare is the most popular and most widely respected writer in all English literature. Comedy Tragedy Historical Play38/39 plays; 154 sonnets; 2 narrative poemsTwo tragedies:Romeo and Juliet；The Life and Death of Julius Caesar 《凯撒大帝》Great tragedies: Hamlet, Prince of DenmarkThe two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece were respectively published in 1593 and 1594.His Sonnets were published in 1609. They are divided into two groups. One is about the conflicted lover for a young man of superior beauty and the other about the uncontrollable love for a mysterious “dark lady” of irresistible beauty.◆HamletHamlet is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art.Hamlet i s the profoundest expression of Shakespeare’s humanism and his criticism of contemporary life. Major Characters:Hamlet, the Ghost, Claudius, Gertrude, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, Polonius, Ophelia, Laertes◆Some of the Problems Troubling Hamlet1. His father was murdered by his uncle who has become the king of Denmark.2. His mother was married to his uncle right after his father’s death.3. The Ghost of his father urged him to seek revenge for his murder, but Hamlet was not quite sure that the ghost was h is father’s spirit, for he feared it might have been a devil sent to torment him.4. His former friends Rosencrantz & Guildenstern were dispatched by the king to spy on him (A betrayal of friendship! As a humanist he attached great importance to friendship).5. His girl friend Ophelia was sent as a tool to find out whether or not he was really mad (A betrayal of love!).◆What do you learn about Hamlet’s mental conflict and character through this soliloquy独白? Further AnalysisIn this soliloquy, Hamlet is detached, reflective, analytic and moral. His thoughts were philosophical rather than practical; his concerns were on the nature of things rather than any specific plans for actions; his feelings were of a deep sorrow over the injustice and vanity, “a sea of troubles” which brought pains into human life. His melancholy and procrastination are also revealed. Here he is pondering on the question of life and death.He is thinking of committing suicide. But he hesitates for he doubts whether death can give him rest and peace. Besides, he is not sure whether the world of death would be better than this one. He gives the reasons why he wants to commit suicide.Apart from his personal revenge (He hasn’t mentioned it in this soliloquy), he cannot bear the social injustices and grievances. He is conscious of his own weakness of thinking too much which makes him dilatory, allowing many opportunities to slip away.◆SonnetA fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.It includes three Quatrains and a concluding Couplet, with rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.Each quatrain deals with a different aspect of the subject and the couplet either summarizes the theme or makes a final comment.Unit 3 Francis Bacon (1561-1626)◆Literary CareerBacon’s works ma y be divided into three classes: the philosophical, the literary, and the professional works.1. Philosophical works:1605 The Advancement of Learning (in English)1620 Novum Organum (in Latin)2. Literary works:1597-1625 Essays(Of Truth, Of Death, Of Revenge, Of Friendship)3. Professional works:1630 Maxims of the Law1642 Reading on the Statue of Uses◆Of Studies“Of Studies” is the one of the shortest, but probably the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays.1. It analyzes the major functions of studies and the different ways of pursuing studies by different people.2. It probes into the effects studies have upon human character.3. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, the essay best reveals Bacon’s mature attitude towards learning.The essay starts with the general use and benefits of studies, namely, delight, ornament and ability.Then it goes on to relate studies to experience and reveals the mutual-promoting relation between them.Bacon also points out that studies need to be treated properly and conducted in right ways.By doing it right, he reckons, our characters shall be improved in different aspects.The whole essay seems to be a manifesto of the Renaissance and a declaration of the beginning of the coming Age of Reason.◆CommentsBacon was a representative of the Renaissance in England.He was a prominent philosopher and scientist as well as an essayist.He contributed to the foundation of modern science with his scientific way of thinking and fresh observation rather than authority as a basis for knowledge.Although he wrote much in Latin, he was capable of varied and beautiful styles in English and there is a peculiar magnificence and picturesque-ness in much of his writing.Many of his sentences in Essays have assumed almost the character of proverbs.His Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has become a landmark in the development of English prose.Unit 7 Jane Austen (1775-1817)◆Main works:《理智与情感》（Sense and Sensibility，1811)《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice，1813)《曼斯菲尔德庄园》（Mansfield Park，1814)《爱玛》（Emma，1816)《诺桑觉寺》（Northanger Abby，1818)《劝导》（Persuasion，1818)◆Pride and PrejudiceThe whole story portrays life in the genteel rural society of the day, and focuses on the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet and the haughty Darcy. Their relationship begins with the initial misunderstandings and ends with their mutual enlightenment. Finally they learn that their first impressions, based on pride and prejudice, were incorrect.◆Major Characters:Mr. Bennet＋Mrs. Bennet五个女儿：Jane（Mr. Bingley）; Elizabeth（Mr. Darcy）; Mary; Kitty; Lydia（Mr. Wickham）Lady Catherine（Mr. Darcy的姨妈）Charlotte（Elizabeth最好的朋友，和Mr. Collins结婚）◆人物分析Mr. BennettHe is a queer, sarcastic man.Being the father of 5 daughters, he is destined the responsibility for the future of them. But when a prospective catch comes, he keeps reserved and calm; he even teases his wife inconsiderately when she urges him to visit the new comer.This and his other oddities can only be accounted for that Mr. Bennett is regretful for his own marriage and thus becomes hesitant about his daughters. But he is now at a loss to help it, since there is such a gossipy and garrulous（唠叨，爱管闲事的）wife in the house. That is why he rarely talks to his wife as an equal and prefers to have the privacy of his library, his country and his self-entertaining irony.After all, he is a lively character.Mrs. BennettShe fails by all relevant criteria.empty-headed, snobbish, inconsiderate, ill-mannered, vulgar, foolish…She has no feminine charm.As a parent, she is partly responsible for the superficial characters of her 3 younger daughters. Lydia is clearly in her mother’s mold.She thinks of marriage mainly as a means of social and economic advancement.JaneThe eldest of the Bennett girls has two distinguishing characteristics: she is very beautiful, and she is very unperceptive, or, she is so pure of heart and mind that she will go to any length not to believe evil of any one.On the most superficial level, the plot is the story of the romance of Jane and Bingley; but actually their story provides only the occasion for the real interest of the novel.Jane and Bingley exhibit neither pride nor prejudice. The themes of social status arise only indirectly in their case. Choice for them is never problematic. Their function rather is to show how people can suffer from the pride and prejudice.◆CharacterizationWhich of these methods does Jane Austen employ? Cite examples to illustrate your choices.1. Physical description of a character by the author;2. A description of another character;3. The use of dialogue or conversation;4. An explanation of a character’s inner thoughts;5. The behavior or actions of a character;6. The reactions of a character to another character or to a situation◆Theme: Love and MarriageIn this novel, Austen provides 4 different marriages. They are utilitarian marriage, sex-oriented marriage, moral marriage and perfect marriage.It is analyzed that one’s character reflects his/her marriage and attitudes towards love and social mores are reflected in their marriage’s formation.The conditions for love and marriage: material wealth and social position; beauty and passion; true love with consideration of the partner’s personal virtue as well as his economic and social status.It is wrong to marry just for money, or beauty; it is also wrong to marry without it.Elizabeth thinks she is happier than Jane.◆Writing StyleIn style, Austen is a classicism advocate, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, and gracefulness in novel writing. She writes within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting and plot are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.Irony（反讽）A contrast or an incongruity between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually happens.“It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.”In this statement, Austen cleverly illustrates 3 points: she declares that the main subject of the novel will be courtship and marriage; she has established the humorous tone of the novel by taking a simple subject to elaborate and to speak intelligently of; she has prepared the reader for a chase in the novel of either a husband in search of a wife, or a woman in pursuit of a husband.The first line also defines Jane’s book as a piece of literature that connects itself to the 18th century period, in which, the emphasis on man in social environment was important, and the use of satire and wit was a common form of the 18th century literature.Unit 8 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)◆Ode (颂)1. It refers to a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.2. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event.◆Ode to the West Wind1. Talking about the poem, Shelley says that it was his emotional response to a strong hailstorm in which he happened to be swallowed one autumn evening in 1819 on the Arno near Florence.2. Shelley sees, in the storm of the natural world, an apt metaphor for the storm of revolution in the human world. The poet had been feeling depressed at the triumph of the reactionary Holy Alliance over Napoleon and the French Revolution and was emphatic in his forecast that the storm of revolution would make a powerful comeback yet.◆The Form1. This ode contains five 14-lined stanzas of iambic pentameter, each containing four tercets and a closing couplet.2. The rhyme scheme in each part follows a pattern known as terza rima, the three-line rhyme scheme first used by Dante in his well-known The Divine Comedy.3.In the three-line terza rima stanza, the first and third lines rhyme, and the middle line does not; then the end sound of that middle line is employed as the rhyme for the first and third lines in the next stanza. The final couplet rhymes with the middle line of the last three-line stanza.4. Thus, each of the five stanzas follows the rhyme scheme aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.5. Function: This linked chain gives a feeling of onward motion and the verse has a breathless quality which is in keeping with the onward motion of the wind’s movement.Ⅰ哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，（唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
历史上的乔叟是谁
历史上的乔叟是谁乔叟是最具有“英国性”的文学家，被尊为“英国诗歌之父”，是英国在中世纪时候最伟大的文学家。
下面是店铺搜集整理的历史上的乔叟，希望对你有帮助。
历史上的乔叟杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer，1343年-1400年10月25日)是诗人、哲学家、炼金术士、天文学家，被称为英国文学之父，是中世纪公认为最伟大的英国诗人，也是首位葬在维斯特敏斯特教堂诗人之角(Poet of Westminster Abbey)的诗人。
杰弗雷·乔叟投身于为民服务的职业中，做过官员，侍臣和外交家。
他创作了《公爵之书》(The Book of the Duchess)、《声誉之屋》(House of Fame)、《贤妇传奇》(Lengend of Good Wife)、《托爱乐斯与克莱西达》(Troilus and Criseyde )等作品，其中最为著名的是《坎伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales)。
杰弗雷·乔叟在促进和中世纪英语白话的正统方面起着举足轻重的作用，当时的文学语言主要是法语和拉丁语。
乔叟的历史贡献杰弗里乔叟是英国中世纪最为伟大的文学家，他开启了伊丽莎白时期的文学道路。
乔叟的历史贡献是不言而喻的，他作为英国的诗歌之父，一生遗留下不少的优秀作品。
《坎特伯雷故事集》、《公爵夫人之书》、《声誉之宫》和《特罗勒斯和克莱西德》都是他的经典作品。
这些作品一些是杰弗里乔叟的早期作品，比如《公爵夫人之书》。
这本书是杰弗里乔叟第一本创作的书籍，从这本书中我们可以看到乔叟的早期风格。
书中混杂着法国文学的艺术风格和意大利的文学风格，让《公爵夫人之书》这本著作像是意大利和法国的混血儿。
随着乔叟开始不停地接触到更多的文学作品，让他慢慢摸着了属于自己的文学风格。
真正具有英国文学风格的作品是他的《坎特伯雷故事集》，在这本书中虽然会有很多似曾相识的影子，但是又是乔叟开创的独特的英式作品。
英国文学选读
Unit1 Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer （1343-1400）1.<the canterbury tales》When in April the sweet showers fallAnd pierce the drought of march to the root ,And allThe veins are bathed in liquor of such powerAs brings about the engerdering of the flower engerdering :come out2.the young sun his half-course in the sign of the ram has run3.and though so distinguished,he was wiseAnd in his bearing modest as a maid.He never yet a boorish thing had saidIn all his life to any, come what might ;He was a truly perfect gentle-knight.4.Full wise is he that can himself know-----Geoffrey ChaucerGeoffrey Chaucer was the first to use current english in writingLondon dialectThe heroic couplect(偶句) in poety Geoffrey Chaucer was the master of word-picturesFather of english poetryUnit2 William Shakespeare（1564-1616）1.William Shakespeare is one of greatest literary giants of alltimes.2.35plays 2 narrative poems 154 sonnets(十四行诗)3.Tragedy comedy trage-comedy and history plays4.He created his own form of sonnets the Shakespearean sonnets5.He was a great master of blank verse (无韵诗)6.He successfully potrayed many characters7.Hamlet’s hesitation shows him as a man of renaissance8.The so-called hesitation of hamlet is means to reform the society as awhole not his personal revenge.9.To die or not to be,that is a question---hamlet10.So long as men can breathe or eyes can seeSo long life this ,and this gives life to thee(you)---sonnet 18 of ShakeSpeare11 rhyme scheme(韵式) abab cdcd efef gg12 what a piece of work is a man ,how noble in reason ,how infinite in faculties ,in form and moving ,how express and admirable in action ,how like an angle in apprehension ,how like a god !The beauty of the word ;the paragon(best example) of animals;and yet to me /what is this quitessence(best part) of dust? Willam shakespeareUnit 3 Fancis Bacon（1561-1626）1.Fancis Bacon was founder of modern science2.Fancis Bacon Was great essayist3.Wives are young men’s mistresses,companions for middle age,andold men’s nurses,so as a man may have a quarrel(reason)to marry when he will.-----of marriage and single life4.Studies serve for delight,for ornament ,and for ability.their chief usefor delight is in privateness and retiring ;for ornament ,is in discourse ;and for ability ,is in the judgementand disposition of business.------of studies5.Histories make men wise,poets, witty;---- of studies（读书使人明智，读史使人聪慧）6.Studies go to form one’s character.7.Knowledge is power.------francis bacon.Unit 4 17th-century british poets1.17th-century British poets:Jone Donne(1572-1631)2.Jone Milton’S writing style is:sublimity of thought and magisty of expression3.No man is island ,entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent,a part of the main…Any man’s death disminishes me,because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls ;it tolls for thee.-------Jone Danne4.Truth is compared …. to a streaming fountain; if her waters flow not ina perpetual progression,they sicken into a muddy pool or conformity and tradition.-------Jone MiltonUnit 5 Adventure fiction writers1.Daniel Defoe(1660-1731):<<the life and the strange surprisingadventure of ronbinsoncrusoe>> .2.He wrote the first realistic novel in english literature3.He is father of english novel.4.He combined bold imagination with realism and made his storyconvincing.5.He’s writing style:proper words in proper places,make the truedefinition of a style.6.Robinson cruce is a typical example of english bourgecissie at theearlier stage of development ,full of pioneering spirit.7.All evils are to be considered with the good that is in them,and withwhat worse attends them.(塞翁失马焉知非福)8.Every clound is silver lining.(与6意思相同)Jonathan swift (1667-1745)1.以讽刺见长，是讽刺文学的一代宗师。
Geoffrey Chaucer
创作时期
作品~影响
评价
Geoffrey Chaucer
简介
创作时期
作品~影响
评价
简介
创作时期
简介
杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约1343～1400）英国诗人。 杰弗雷·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约1343～1400）英国诗人。 他的个人生活是 相当丰富的：1357年做宫廷侍童，1359年 相当丰富的：1357年做宫廷侍童，1359年 参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回，1361年 1367年在内 参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回，1361年-1367年在内 1366 殿法学协会受训，1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代 殿法学协会受训，1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代 表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国， 有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的 影响。 1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员，1382年兼任酒类及其 1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员，1382年兼任酒类及其 它商品的关税管理员。1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二 它商品的关税管理员。1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二 年被选为该郡骑士代表出席议会下院。 1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事 1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事 和萨默塞特王室森林副主管。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了 官位和年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》 官位和年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的 亨利四世，申诉自己的贫穷。 1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“ 1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之 角”(Poet's Corner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。 Corner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。
Geoffrey_Chaucer_(杰弗里。乔叟)
• The Prologue of the Wife of Bath’s Tale The wife of Bath speaking “Experience--and no matter what they say In books--is good enough authority For me to speak of trouble in marriage. For ever since I was twelve years of age, Thanks be to God, I’ve had no less than five Husbands at church door--if one may believe I could be wed so often legally!” (P.220)
无忧PPT整理发布
7.The Wife of Bath （巴斯城的妇女） 巴斯城的妇女）
• The wife of Bath shows Chaucer’s keen observation and his unsurpassed (无比的) talent for characterization. • She is the owner of a cloth factory, lighthearted, merry, somewhat vulgar (粗俗的), and exceedingly (非常) talkative. • It is a vivid sketch (概述) of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s day.
杰费雷·乔叟--Geoffrey Chaucer
选段参考译文
在这时节，有一天，我正停憩在伦敦南岸萨得克 的泰巴客店，虔心诚意，准备去坎特伯雷朝圣， 到了晚上，客店中来了二十九位形形色色的朝 圣客，凑巧结成了旅伴，他们都不约而同，要 赴坎特伯雷的盛会；当时客店的屋舍马厩却很 宽敞，我们舒舒服服地安顿下来。简单说来， 到了夕阳西沉的时分，我已同每人相识交谈， 约定了一齐早起出发。可是，在我开讲这故事 之前，我想暂抽一部分时间，先谈一下每人的 个别情况，由我的角度看去，他们是何种人物， 属于哪一个社会阶层，穿着怎样。现在我将先 讲一个武士。
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)
杰弗里·乔叟
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟
杰弗里·乔叟简介
英国最早具有人文主义思想的代表诗人，也 是现实主义文学的奠基人。早年受法国文 学的影响，代表作品是《悼公爵夫人》 (The Book of the Duchess)和用伦敦方言翻 译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》 等。中期的代表诗作有《声誉之堂》(The House of Fame)和《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西 德》(Troilus and Criseyde)，肯定爱情和 个人幸福，反对封建专制和压迫，反映了 作者现实主义的创作态度和人文主义观点。
杰弗里·乔叟简介
乔叟在最后十五年里创作了《坎特伯雷故事》 (The Canterbury Tales)，这部作品是英国 文学史上现实主义文学作品的第一部杰作， 充满了浓郁的生活气息和时代特点，也反 映了当时社会处于封建社会向资本主义社 会过渡时期，带有强烈的人文主义色彩， 无论在英国文学还是在语言上都起了重大 的作用。他也是英国文学史上首位用伦敦 方言写作的作家，加强了伦敦方言在英国 文学史上的地位。英国十七世纪作家约 翰·德莱顿称他为“英国诗歌之父”。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解(杰弗里 乔叟)【圣才出品】
第1单元杰弗里•乔叟1.1 复习笔记Geoffrey Chaucer （杰弗里·乔叟）（1340-1400）1. Life （生平）Geoffrey Chaucer, born in 1343 in London, is the founder of English poetry. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the Court. He later became a courtier and comptroller.Chaucer’s learning was wide in scope. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impressions upon his works and particularly upon his variegated depiction of the English society of his time.He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the Poets’ Corner.杰弗里·乔叟于1343年出生于伦敦，他是英语诗歌之父。
他是一个与宫廷有联系的酒商的儿子。
他后来担任过侍臣和审计官。
乔叟知识渊博。
他精通拉丁语、法语和意大利语。
他结交广泛且易与人深交，无论是贵族还是贫民,因此他深谙所处世事。
Geoffrey Chaucer
《坎特伯雷故事集》特点
• 一、它展现了广阔的社会画面。香客来自社会各 个阶层：骑士、僧侣、学者、律师、商人、手工 业者、自耕农、磨坊主等。 • 二、它综合采用了中世纪的各种文学体裁，有骑 士传奇、圣徒传、布道文、寓言等。 • 三、总序和开场白中对人物的描写和故事本身饶 有趣味，充满幽默感。 • 四、语言带上了讲述人自身的特征，每人所讲的 故事都体现出讲述人的身份、趣味、爱好、职业 和生活经验。
5.《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》--乔叟对中世纪宫廷爱情文学 传统的继承与超越 Troilus and Criseyde:Chaucer and Courtly Love Tradition [四川师范大学学报（社会科学版） Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)] 肖明翰 6.乔叟语言艺术中的讽刺幽默 Ironical Humor in Chaucer‘s Language Art [哈尔滨学院学报 Journal of Harbin University] 王欣 7. 乔叟的梦幻诗和欧洲中世纪梦幻文学传统 Chaucer's Dream Poetry and the Medieval Tradition of Dream Vision [外国文学研究 Foreign Literature Studies] 刘进 , Liu Jin 8.论乔叟人文主义思想的形成 The Evolving of Chaucer's Humanism [徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)] 王莹章
杰弗里·乔叟_英语介绍
杰弗里· 乔叟
Life and Career
杰弗里· 乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1343年－1400 年），The father of English poetry，the first realistic writer in the British literary history.(英国诗 歌之父,英国文学史上第一位现实主义作家) Geoffrey Chaucer was an English author, poet, philosopher （哲学家）, bureaucrat （官僚） , courtier （朝臣） and diplomat （外交家）. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative （框架叙述） The Canterbury Tales , Sometimes called the father of English literature.
Major Word
1.the
first or the French period （1360-1372 ）
⑴ The Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》
⑵The Book of the Duchess 《悼公爵夫人》
2.The
second Troilus and Criseyda 《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》
Major Word
The
Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》 (绘制了当时的英国社 会全景图被认为是英 国文学史上的一座丰 碑)
Geoffrey Chaucer
In 1357 he served at court as a page(青年侍从) page(青年侍从) Two years later he joined the army, and was captured by the French and ransomed in one of Edward III ‘s campaigns during the Hundred Years’ Years’ War . He returned to England in 1360. In 1367 he entered the service of King Edward III and become an ambassador and his visiting of European countries brought him with the new tendency of the Renaissance in Italian literature.
Writing techniques
Tone: ironic critical humorous
Theme & Social Significance of
The Canterbury Tales
a. Chaucer gives us a true-to-life picture of the true-tosociety of his time. b. He affirms men and opposes the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached by the church. 禁欲主义) c. He praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit man’ and love of life.
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介
杰弗里乔叟的英文简介杰弗里乔叟简介Geoffrey Chaucer (about 1343 ~ 1400) British poet. His personal life is quite rich: 1357 years to do the court paternity, 1359 years to participate in the war when the law was captured, the following year by the king of redemption, 1361 - 1367 in the Temple Law Association training, 1366 and the queen of the palace The womens marriage, after many times on behalf of Edward III to the European continent, to Belgium, France, Italy and other countries, have the opportunity to meet Boccaccio and Petrak, which his literary creation had a great impact. In 1374, Chaucer was the London fur management officer, and in 1382 served as the tariff manager for alcohol and other commodities. In 1385, Chaucer was the magistrate of Kent, the second year was elected to the county knight to attend the lower house of parliament. In 1389 years after the KMT government, Chaucer has served as the royal construction works and Somerset royal forest deputy director. Chaucer was deprived of official and annuities during the asylum of the asylum, and the economy was strained. He had written the oil poem to the empty capsule to just ascend to Henry IV, complain about their own poverty. In 1400, Joao died and was buried at Poets Corner in Londons Westminster Church. He was also the first poet to be buried here.Chaucers poetic creation is divided into three periods: (1) the French influence period (1360 ~ 1372): the main translation and follow the works of the French poet, created the Duchess (The Book of the Duchess (1369) Dialect translation of the French medieval long narrative poem rose legend and so on. ② the Italian influence period(1372 ~ 1386): the poet came into contact with the progressive thinking of bourgeois humanism. The creation of this period, such as the Birds Conference, Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385)), The Story of a Good Woman , reflects the authors creation for the reality of life Attitude and humanism. ③ mature period (1386 ~ 1400): Chaucer in the last 15 years in the Canterbury story set creation. Both in content and skills to achieve the pinnacle of his creation. His first heroic rhyme is widely used by British poets later, known as the father of British poetry.The early creation of Chaucer was influenced by Italian and French literature. He introduced the literature of knights in the French literature, the lyrics and animal fables, and so on. Its early works Trolls and Clay West (1385), character character to create vivid and delicate, language witty humor.From 1377 onwards, Chaucer repeatedly made the European continent, in contact with Dante, Pietrak and Boccaccio and others works. These writers anti-feudal anti-religious spirit and humanism, so that Chaucers creative thinking has undergone profound changes, began to turn to realism. The narrative poem Trolls and the West, which is rewritten according to a long poem of Boccaccio, rejects the traditions of fantasy and fables, instead of the description of the characters and life details in the real world. A realist work.Chaucer carried out the creation of The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) in the last fifteen years of his life. This is his most outstanding work.Chaucers vision, profound observation, rich writing style, truly reflect the lives of different social classes, created a realist tradition of British literature, Shakespeare and Dickens have an impact.Canterbury story set is the British writer Chaucers novel. The workdescribes a group of pilgrims gathered in a small London hotel, ready to pilgrimage to Canterbury. Shopkeepers suggested that pilgrims on the way to the two stories, to see who speak the best. The story set includes 23 stories, one of the most wonderful stories are: the knights story of love tragedy, the story of the knights knights knight, the soldier who sells the crucifixion, the talismans story, the businessmans story The story of the family disputes, the story of the farmers touching love and generosity. The works extensively reflect the British social life of the embryonic period of capitalism, exposing the corruption of the church, the greed and hypocrisy of the priest, condemning the asceticism of human nature, affirming the secular love life.The artistic achievements of the Canterbury Tales are very high, far exceeding the previous British literary works, the first example of the realism in British literary history. The work combines humor and satire, and the comedy is strong, and most of the stories are written in double rhyme poems, which have had an impact on later English literature. People figure clear, lively language. Chaucers creation of the vibrant London dialect also laid the foundations for the English literary language. His first heroic rhyme was widely used by British poets in the future, and Chaucer was hailed as the father of English poetry.杰弗里乔叟作品Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400), a famous British medieval writer, was born in a wine family. 1359 years with the troops of Edward III leap in France, captured by the French army, and soon to redemption. Chaucer became kings attendants, made many European countries, twice visited Italy, found Dante, Boccaccio and Petraks works, his literary creation played a great role. The Book of the Duchess, The House of Fame, The House of Fowles, The House of Fae, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House ofFowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The House of Fowles, The Legend of Good Women and Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer died in London on October 25, 1400, and was buried in the corner of the poet in Westminster Abbey. Chaucers death is unknown, may be murdered, the British medieval research expert Terry Jones had a book Who murdered Chaucer Chaucer first took the London dialect writing, and the creation of heroic bimodal, the British national language and literature development great influence, it is known as the father of British poetry.。
英国文学选读
U1 Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400)生于富商之家，与王室关系密切，年轻时随军出征，在法国被俘《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Duchess）、《百鸟议会》（The Parliament of Fowls）、《声誉之堂》（The House of Fame）、《特洛勒斯和克丽西德》（Troilus and Criseyde）、《坎特伯雷故事》The Canterbury T ales.U2 William Shakespeare(1564-1616）《罗密欧和朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet 1595）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of V enice 1596）、《亨利四世》（上篇）（Henry IV，Part I 1597）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night 1600）、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet 1601）、《奥赛罗》（Othello 1604）、《李尔王》（King Lear 1605）、《麦克白》（Macbeth 1606）、《冬天的故事》（Winter’s Tale 1610）、《暴风雨》（The Tempest 1612）U3 Francis Bacon（1561-1626）《学术的推进》（Advancement of Learning 1605）《新工具》（New Instrument 1620）《新大西岛》（New Atlantics1626）、《论文集》（Essays1579）《论婚姻与单身》（of Marriage and Single Life）《论读书》(of Studies)U4 17th-Century British Poets John Donne (1572-1631) Songs and Sonnets中的《早安》（The Good-Morrow）、《破晓》（Break of Day）、《挽歌集》中的第16首（“On His Mistress”）、19首（“To His Mistress Going To Bed”），《圣十四行诗》（“Holy Sonnets”）中的第7首（“At the Round Earth’s Imagined Corner, Below”）和第10首（“Death Be Not Proud”）玄学派诗人的重要代表Metaphysical Poets The Flee跳蚤Holy Sonnet10John Milton（1608-1674）《利西达斯》（Lycidas, 1637）、《论出版自由》（“Areopagitica”,1644)、《失乐园》（Paradise Lost，1667）、《复乐园》（Paradise Regained，1671）、《力士参孙》。
英国文学史G Chaucer(2)
About The Canterbury Tales
Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories
in a frame story, between 1387 and 1400. The structure of The Canterbury Tales is indebted to Boccaccio's Decameron; It is the story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury (England). The pilgrims, who come from all layers of society, tell stories to each other to kill time while they travel to Canterbury. He never finished his enormous project and even the completed tales were not finally revised.
----About Geoffrey Chaucer
Born in an urban middle class； In the service of the ruling class； The diplomatic mission that sent Chaucer to
Italy in 1372 was a milestone in his literary development. He had direct contact with the Italian Renaissance. Perhaps he acquired manuscripts of works by Dante, Patriarch, and Boccaccio.
杰弗里·乔叟 英语介绍
2 那是个初夏方临的日子， 我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息； 怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心， 我准备翌日出发去朝圣。 黄昏前后华灯初上时分， 旅店院里涌入很多客人； 二十九人来自各行各业， 不期而遇都到旅店过夜。 这些香客人人虔心诚意， 次日要骑马去坎特伯雷。 客房与马厩宽敞又洁净， 店主的招待周到而殷勤。 夕阳刚从地平线上消失， 众人同我已经相互结识； 大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床， 迎着熹微晨光干燥把路 上。
乔叟文集(1 3)(众鸟之会 坎特伯雷故事 女性的尊严)
乔叟所讲的梅利比的故事由此开始
开场语，客店老板对僧士的趣话 僧士的故事由此开始
女尼的教士的故事开场语 女尼的教士所讲的公鸡腔得克立和母鸡坡德洛特的故事由此开始 女尼的教士的故事收场语
第二个女尼的故事开场语 致马利亚的献词 第二个女尼所讲圣赛茜利亚的生平由此开始
寺僧的乡士所讲的故事开场语 寺僧的乡士所讲的故事由此开始 第二部开始
5
寺僧的乡士的 故事
伙食经理的故 事
牧师的故事
坎特伯雷故事由此开始
武士的故事由此开始 第二部开始 第三部开始 第四部开始
开场语，客店老板和磨坊主的对话 磨坊主的故事由此开始
管家的故事开场语 管家的故事由此开始
厨师的故事开场语 厨师的故事由此开始
前引，客店老板对各位朝圣客的一番话 律师的故事开场语 律师的故事由此开始 第二部开始 第三部开始 律师的故事收场语
恩纳丽达与阿赛脱 众鸟之会
特罗勒斯与克 丽西德
善良女子殉情 记
卷一 卷二 卷三
献词 本事 前奏 结束词 本事续
卷一 卷二 卷三 卷四 卷五
前引 一、克丽佩特拉记 二、希丝庇记 三、苔多记 四、易茜菲列与默蒂亚记 五、鲁克丽丝记 六、爱德利恩记 七、斐洛美拉记 八、菲丽丝记
总引 武士的故事
侍从的故事前引 侍从的故事由此开始 第二部开始 第三部开始
自由农的故事开场语 自由农的故事由此开始
医生的故事如下
前引，客店老板对医生和赦罪僧的话 赦罪僧的故事开场语如下 赦罪僧的故事由此开始
船手的故事由此开始 客店老板对船手和女修道士的趣话
女修道士的故事开场语 女修道士的故事由此开始
开场语，客店老板对乔叟的趣话 乔叟所讲的托巴斯的故事由此开始 第二唱
《坎特伯雷故事集》中“磨坊主的故事”里的道德观解读
《坎特伯雷故事集》中“磨坊主的故事”里的道德观解读杰弗雷·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）（1343-1400）被誉为“英国诗歌之父”，其主要的作品《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）是一部诗体短篇小说集，对英国文学发展贡献巨大。
这部小说集由21个独立的故事和其它几个不完整的片段故事组成。
这些故事包罗万象，雅俗共赏，其中“磨坊主的故事”（“The Miller’s Tale”）最为评论界津津乐道。
这个故事有悖传统故事的结局和“惩善扬恶”的道德观耐人寻味。
本文主要对故事里投射的道德观进行解读，并力图揭示背后作者的别有用心。
“磨坊主的故事”是乔叟的短篇小说集《坎特伯雷故事集》里最为精彩的一个故事。
顾名思义，这个故事是一个磨坊主讲述的。
在这之前，一位骑士讲述了一个故事，按照游戏规则，将由另一个人接着讲述一个故事来回敬，喝得酩酊大醉的磨坊主自告奋勇，讲了一个木匠的美丽妻子和房客书生以及牧师勾搭鬼混的粗鄙淫猥的故事。
在“磨坊主的故事”里，出场的人物分别是：富有的木匠约翰和他容貌倾城的年轻妻子阿丽森、木匠家里研读星象的房客书生尼古拉以及牧师阿伯沙龙。
一般传统故事里，人物的下场或结局都是各得其所。
这个故事里的人物也算是各得其所，除了木匠的妻子阿丽森。
无知善妒的木匠约翰下场最为悲惨，他不仅被戴了绿帽，断了一只手，而且全镇子的人都说他是疯子；亵渎神职的牧师阿伯沙龙极尽谄媚勾搭阿丽森，最后却只从阿丽森那里得到了一个下流的“吻”；而背着木匠与其妻子偷情的穷书生尼古拉因为朝着阿伯沙龙的脸放屁最后被阿伯沙龙用烧红的烙铁狠狠地烫了屁股。
但是作者乔叟对故事里各位人物的惩罚是有失公允的。
故事里其他三位男性悲催的下场皆因阿丽森而起，然而事主阿丽森却逍遥法外，毫发无伤。
她和书生偷情背叛丈夫却没有受到任何惩罚，然而被她欺骗愚弄的老实巴交的丈夫却是最倒霉的，正是因为她的狡诈和诡计多端让她逃过一劫。
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The Features of The
Canterbury Tales
1 The stories come from different sources. 2 the tales are realistic and rich in characterization and description. 3 the stories are well woven by “links”. 4 the narration is humorous.
Unit 1
Geoffrey Chaucer(1343-1400)
Unit 1
Contents
1 Writing Career 2 The Canterbury Tales
Unit 2
3 periods of Chaucer’s writing career : 1) a French period– from 1360s to 1372,
The Book of the Duchess.
“Romance of the Rose” ( a translation of the Roman de la Rose ; introduces the octosyllabic couplet into English)
3 periods of Chaucer’s writing career : 2) an Italian period- from 1372 to 1385-6.
( Boccaccio’s The Decameron (1349-1353) ？ )
Spring: 1 a kind of celebration of fertility: a medieval French lyric. 2 not new:
The Prologue to the Legend of Good Women:
The Canterbury Tales
1 The Knight’s tale 2 The miller’s tale 3 The Reeve’s tale 4 The Cook’s tale 5 The man of Law’s tale 6 The Wife of Bath’s Tale 7The Friar’s Tale 8 The Summoner’s Tale 9 The Clerk’s Tale 10 The Merchant’s Tale 11 The Squire’s Tale 12 The Franklin’s Tale 13The Physician’s Tale 14 The Pardoner’s Tale 15 The Shipman’s Tale 16 The Prioress’s Tale 17 Chaucer’s Tale of Sir Thopas 18 The Tale of Melibeus 19 The Monk’s Tale 20 The Nun’s Priest’s Tale 21 The Second Nun’s Tale 22 The Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale 23 The Manciple’s Tale 24 The Parson’s Tale /wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales
heroic couplet.)
Unit 2
A heroic couplet, the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. Iambic Pentameter means a line consisting of five iambic feet, and one foot comprises of a unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.
And Zephirus and Flora gentilly Yaf to the floures, softe and ternderly, Her sweete breeth, and mad hem for to sprede As god and goddess through the floury mede.
Unit 1
Unit 2
3 periods of Chaucer’s writing career : 3) an English period – focused on English subjects.
The Canterbury Tales
The Canterbury Tales
Unit 2
Unit 2
The House of Fame (in the 1370s) ( an imitation of Dante’s The Divine Comedy) The Parliament of Fowls (1380) Troilus and Criseyde (1382-85)(Boccaccio’s Il Filostrato ) The Legend of Good Woman (1385-86) (uses