现代英语词汇学概论8 Meaning and Context
英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题1及答案
试题一
第一部分选择题
I。Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers。Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket。（30%）
1。In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form。
A。more
B。little
C. less
D。gradual
2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______。
A. general dictionaries
B. monolingual dictionaries
C。both A and B
D. neither A and B
3.The word ”MINISKIRT" is _______.
A. morphologically motivated
B. etymologically motivated
C。semantically motivated
D。none of the above
4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______。
A。borrowing
B。semantic change
C。creation of new words
《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析汇报(张韵斐)
张韵斐著《现代英语词汇学概论》——解析
第一部分 Chapter Ⅰ
英语词汇的概论(A general survey of English vocabulary)
Bloomfield 1933 中对词的定义是，每个单词都是最小的自由词。然而这个定义不够全面，存在着缺陷。首先，不是所有的单词都可以独立出现，如 the ，a ，my 这些单词单独出现则没有具体意义。另外，Bloomfield的定义侧重在于语法（syntax）却没有涉及到词的意义。随着词汇学的发展跟完善，人们给词下了较为完整的定义。“词，今指语言组织中的基础单位，能独立运用，具有声音、意义和语法功能。”（《辞海》1984（上）375页，上海辞书出版社）
一种语言中所有的单词汇集起来便构成了该语言的词库。纵观英语的发展历史，我们可以知道，大多数的英语词汇都是外来词，它从拉丁语，法语和希腊语等语言中汲取词汇，不断的扩充自己，为己所用。特别是第二次世界大战之后，英语词汇得到了空前的发展。现代英语词汇快速发展的原因主要有四方面。一是科学技术的快速发展，二是社会经济的全球化，三是英语国家的政治和文化变化，最后是其他文化和语言对英语的强烈影响。
英语词汇是由各种不同类型的单词组成，而这些单词有着不同的分类标准。根据词的起源可以分为本族语和外来语；根据使用水平可以分为普通词汇，文学词汇。口头词汇，俚语以及科学术语。基础语库的基本特征是具有民族特征，稳定性，构词的能力和搭配能力。
第二部分Chapter Ⅱ到Chapter Ⅳ
英语词汇的形态结构和词的构词 (Morphological structure of English words
Englishlexicology_英语词汇学重点讲解
Englishlexicology_英语词汇学重点讲解
English lexicology
英语词汇学
Chapter1 basic concepts of words and vocabulary
Classification of words
Chapter2 the development of the english vocabulary
Modes of vocabulary development 1150
Chapter 3 word formation
Morphemes , allomorphs
Chapter 4 word formation2
1.Affixation, prefixation suffixation ,
/doc/214202390.html,pounding (characteristics formation )
3.Conversion , blending , clipping , acronymy
4.Initialisms , acronyms
5.Back-formation , words from proper names
Chapter5 word meaning
1.The meanings of ‘meaning’
2.Reference ,concept ,sense
3.Motivation(onomatopoeic,morphological ,semantic , etymological)
4.Types of meaning < grammatical , lexical , conceptual , associative> Chapter 6 sense relations and semantic field Polysemy , homonymy , synonymy , antonymy
英语词汇学期末复习资料
1、选择题（2 ×15=30）
2、填空题（2×5=10 ）
3、搭配题(1×10=10)
4、名词解释题(4×5=20)
5、问题回答(5×3=15)
6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分)
选择题：
1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN
2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful .
3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family.
4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes.
5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning.
6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy.
7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes.
8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs.
vocabulary and context
vocabulary and context
Abstract: the vocabulary has its basic meaning. And the meaning of context is quite plentful . The semantic meaning changes as the development of social culture, so the teaching and leaning of vocabulary can not escape from the circumstances which they are used, namely, context. The paper is mainly discussing and studying the function of context in the teaching and leaning of vocabulary.
Key words: vocabulary; context; semantic meaning; teaching and leaning
We know that, the meaning of context contains several aspects. Generally speaking, it includes the meaning of language context, the meaning of context of situation, the meaning of cultural context, the meaning of social culture and imaginative meaning and so fourth. Not only should we know the different aspects of the context meaning, but also we must master the relation between vocabulary and context.
英语词汇学自考题-8_真题无答案-交互
英语词汇学自考题-8
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Ⅰ.
Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that **pletes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.
1.
There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and ______.
• A. chronic
• B. realistic
• C. specific
• D. diachronic
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
2.
Words can be classified according to the following criteria except ______.
• A. notion
• B. use frequency
• C. foundation
• D. origin
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
A B C D
3.
Which types of words belong to functional words?
• A. Adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions.
• B. Adjectives, nouns, articles.
• C. Articles, prepositions, conjunctions.
英语词汇学课件chapter 8 Meaning and Context
Meaning and Context
Context refers to the words around a word, phrase etc., often used for helping to explain the meaning of the word, phrase, etc.
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context
The non-linguistic situation can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize, e.g. look out; trade union; landlord.
4) today’s paper (newspapeBaidu Nhomakorabea)
5) examination paper (a set of questions used as an examination)
2) Grammatical Context
In some cases, the meanings of a polysemant may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call grammatical context. Let us consider the verb become for example.
英语专业词汇学课件8.semantic relations
What is “meaning”?
What do you mean by the word “love” (intend to say) He means well but he’s rather clumsy. Fame and richness mean nothing to the true lovers. Dark clouds mean rain. ( a sign of ) It was John, I meant, not Harry.(speak of/ have in mind)
Relative Synonyms
in collocation pretty (girl, child, flower, garden, color, village, cottage) handsome (boy, man , car, table, overcoat, airliner, house) a flock of sheep, a herd of elephants, a shoal of fish, a swarm of bees; to sail a small boat, to navigate a liner; rancid butter (bacon), addled eggs (brains)
Affective Meaning
Purr words, marked as apprec. (appreciatory) Snarl words, marked as derog. (derogatory)
《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析(张韵斐)
张韵斐著《现代英语词汇学概论》——解析
第一部分Chapter Ⅰ
英语词汇的概论(A general survey of English vocabulary)
Bloomfield 1933 中对词的定义是，每个单词都是最小的自由词。然而这个定义不够全面，存在着缺陷。首先，不是所有的单词都可以独立出现，如the ，a ，my 这些单词单独出现则没有具体意义。另外，Bloomfield的定义侧重在于语法（syntax）却没有涉及到词的意义。随着词汇学的发展跟完善，人们给词下了较为完整的定义。“词，今指语言组织中的基础单位，能独立运用，具有声音、意义和语法功能。”（《辞海》1984（上）375页，上海辞书出版社）
一种语言中所有的单词汇集起来便构成了该语言的词库。纵观英语的发展历史，我们可以知道，大多数的英语词汇都是外来词，它从拉丁语，法语和希腊语等语言中汲取词汇，不断的扩充自己，为己所用。特别是第二次世界大战之后，英语词汇得到了空前的发展。现代英语词汇快速发展的原因主要有四方面。一是科学技术的快速发展，二是社会经济的全球化，三是英语国家的政治和文化变化，最后是其他文化和语言对英语的强烈影响。
英语词汇是由各种不同类型的单词组成，而这些单词有着不同的分类标准。根据词的起源可以分为本族语和外来语；根据使用水平可以分为普通词汇，文学词汇。口头词汇，俚语以及科学术语。基础语库的基本特征是具有民族特征，稳定性，构词的能力和搭配能力。
第二部分Chapter Ⅱ到Chapter Ⅳ
英语词汇的形态结构和词的构词(Morphological structure of English words and word-formation )
词汇学复习资料
1. A word is _______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
A. a minimal free form
B. a smallest meaningful unit
C. an element which can not be further analyzed
D. a grammatically minimal form
2. Which of the following statements is Not correct?
A. A word can be formed by two free morphemes
B. A word can be formed by a free morpheme and a bound morpheme
C. A word can be formed by two bound morphemes
D. A word can be formed by any two affixes.
3. The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always _______________.
A. logical
B. arbitrary
C. inherent
D. automatic
4. In different languages, the same concepts can be represented by different sounds, which shows __________.
《英语词汇学》课程教学大纲
《英语词汇学》课程教学大纲
一、教师或教学团队信息
（本课程教师已从事一线英语教学20多年，教学经验丰富，教学效果良好，所授课程涵盖英语听说、英语阅读、英语词汇等。）
二、课程基本信息
课程名称（中文）：英语词汇学
课程名称（英文）：English Lexicology
课程类别：□通识必修课□通识选修课□专业必修课□专业方向课
☑专业拓展课□实践性环节
课程性质*：□学术知识性☑方法技能性□研究探索性□实践体验性
课程代码：
周学时：2 总学时：36 学分: 2
先修课程：无
授课对象：外国语学院（英语专业）
三、课程简介
英语词汇学是英语语言文学专业本科段选修课程，是培养学习者掌握词汇学的基本理论知识和实际语言能力而设置的一门专业课程。英语词汇学是以现代语言学理论为指导，以英语词汇为研究对象的课程。主要内容有词的基本知识，词的形态结构，词的构成方式，词的意义及语义关系，英语词汇的来源与发展，词义的变化，习语及词典知识。英语词汇学以传授英语词汇的基本理论和基本知识为任务，属于理论知识课。但是，其实践性很强，因为词汇本身是构成语言的具体材料，在传授理论的过程中必然要涉及丰富的语言材料和大量的词语例证。设置本课程的目的要求：使学习者对英语词汇学具有比较系统，比较完整的知识，
1
比较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及其历史演变过程，并能对现代英语词汇发展所出现的现象作出分析和解释，提高词语的理解，释义和综合运用的能力，以便毕业后能够较好地适应工作的需要。
四、课程目标
本课程的教学目的在于帮助学生系统地总结英语词汇知识, 从而更科学地学习英语词汇,运用词汇学中所学到的基本知识和理论来分析和理解英语词汇, 正确地使用英语词汇。其次，本课程还有助于培养学生在英语学习中对所观察到的语言现象加以分析和总结的技能和习惯，从而培养学生语言的理解、欣赏和分析能力。本课程的教学要求是通过学习现代英语词汇学的基础理论，使学生了解词的来源、词的形态、词的构成方式、词的语义特征、各种词汇之间的相互关系和变化、词的联想与搭配等内容，观察英语美语和词汇的区别，掌握常用词汇知识在语言实践中的运用方法与技能，鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论。
英语词汇学 何恒幸
1. Native words 2. Loan words 3. Common words 4. Literary words 5. Archaic words
6. Poetical words 7. Colloquial words 8. Slang words 9. Technical words 10. Function words 11. Content words 12. Basic word stock 13. Neologism 14. Obsolete words
Introduction
1. Introduction
Introduction
2. What is English lexicology? □定义
（汪榕培2001）
Introduction
3. What are we going to learn in this course of English Lexicology? □A general survey of English vocabulary (Chapter I); □Morphological structure of English words and wordformation (Chapters II to IV); □Word meaning and sense relations (Chapters V to IX); □English idioms, American English, and choice and use of English dictionaries (Chapters X to XII); □Introduction to some recent studies.
英语词汇学学习方法
学习方法
本课程基本上是一门知识性的课程，需要学生记忆的内容比较多。在学习方法上应注意以下几点：
1)宏观与微观相结合
学生应该首先在宏观上对该课程的内容有所了解。在学习时，首先要仔细阅读目录。目录是全书内容的高度浓缩和概括，它不仅包括本学科所涉及到的主要内容，而且也涉及到内容与内容之间的联系。熟悉目录的内容之后，再对课本进行通读，从整体上把握每章，每节的意思。在整体把握课本内容的基础上，再从宏观进入到微观学习。通过细节的学习来加深对课本宏观的把握，而对课本宏观的把握又会有助于课本细节的学习，做到“既见森林，又见树木。”
2)理解与记忆相结合
在学习过程中要注意抓住重点，着重掌握有关的基本概念和基本理论，在理解、消化的基础上记忆，切忌死记硬背。没有理解的记忆是不可能长久的。既使死记硬背了某个理论，也不能很好地灵活地使用它来解决问题。要理解英语词汇学的基本概念，就要注意分析课本中围绕基本概念所提供的各种例子，多思考，细明辨。只有在理解的基础之上记忆才会变的容易长久。学习者应能结合自己的语言实践提供更多的例子来解释和理解有关的理论，以达到理论和实践的结合。
3)比较与对比相结合
比较和对比是该课程中不可缺少的两种方法。通过比较，可以找出不同概念之间的相似之处，通过对比可以理解不同概念之间的相异性。比较和对比的结合有助于弄清概念之间的异同和内在的联系。
4）阅读与练习相结合
阅读要与练习相结合。只做练习，不阅读，不能在本质上把握英语词汇学内容。练习是检测学生掌握主要内容的手段。通过做练习，学生能够清楚地知道哪些内容已经搞清楚，哪些内容还需要进一步研读。学习语言学的目的不只是在于了解词汇学所涉及的理论与方法，更重要的是运用这些理论与方法，而做练习本身也是检测学生利用所学内容解决问题的手段。
《现代英语词汇学概论》----解析(张韵斐)
张韵斐著《现代英语词汇学概论》——解析
第一部分Chapter Ⅰ
英语词汇的概论 (A general survey of English vocabulary)
Bloomfield 1933中对词的定义是，每个单词都是最小的自由词。然而这个定义不够全面，存在着缺陷。首先，不是所有的单词都可以独立出现，如the ，a ， my 这些单词单独出现则没有具体
意义。另外， Bloomfield的定义侧重在于语法（syntax ）却没有涉及到词的意义。随着词汇学的发
展跟完善。人们给词下了较为完整的定义。“词，今指语言组织中的基础单位，能独立运用，具有
声音、意义和语法功能。”（《辞海》 1984 （上） 375 页，上海辞书出版社）
一种语言中所有的单词汇集起来便构成了该语言的词库。纵观英语的发展历史，我们可以知道，
大多数的英语词汇都是外来词，它从拉丁语，法语和希腊语等语言中汲取词汇，不断的扩充自己，为己所用。特别是第二次世界大战之后，英语词汇得到了空前的发展。现代英语词汇快速发展的
原因主要有四方面。一是科学技术的快速发展，二是社会经济的全球化，三是英语国家的政治和
文化变化，最后是其他文化和语言对英语的强烈影响。
英语词汇是由各种不同类型的单词组成，而这些单词有着不同的分类标准。根据词的起源可以分为
本族语和外来语；根据使用水平可以分为普通词汇，文学词汇。口头词汇，俚语以及科学术语。基
础语库的基本特征是具有民族特征，稳定性，构词的能力和搭配能力。
第二部分 Chapter Ⅱ到 Chapter Ⅳ
(Morphological structure of English words and
英语词汇学期末复习资料
1、选择题（2 ×15=30）
2、填空题（2×5=10 ）
3、搭配题(1×10=10)
4、名词解释题(4×5=20)
5、问题回答(5×3=15)
6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分)
选择题：
1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN
2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful .
3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family.
4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes.
5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning.
6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy.
7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes.
8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs.
(完整word版)现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter8
8.1 Two types of contexts
8.2 The vital role of context in determination of word meaning
8.3 Suggested ways for the correct comprehension of word meaning
do fish (cook)
do science at school (study)
do a museum /city /country (visit)
2.Grammatical context语法语境
In grammaticalcontext, thesyntactic structure of a certain word is the meaning of the lexical items with which the word is combined.
The regulations weremade(enacted) to protect children.
Wemade(had) a good breakfast before leaving.
My fathermade(earned)10000 yuan a year.
The train wasmaking(travelling at a speed ) 70 miles an hour.
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They saw her duck. 1) dodge 2) type of foul
Revised: They saw her duck swimming in the pond. They saw her duck quickly. That saved her life.
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
Chgapter 8
Meaning and Context
第八部分
Types of context
Role of context
extra-linguistic contest
elimination of ambiguity
linguistic context
indication of referents
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context
weekend (days for rest) Sunday and Monday (华师分校) Monday and Tuesday (some factories) one day of a week (private enterprise)
Revised: Water continued to rise and the whole family were driven to the attic (顶楼、阁楼） of the house. There was no other place to go. “Now there is nothing we can do,” said the father helplessly.
worker
(before 1949) (1950s-1960s) (1980s) (1990s) (2000)
8.1.2 Linguistic Context
Linguistic context is the linguistic enviornment, in which a linguistic unit is used. A linguistic unit can be a phrase, a clause, a sentence, a paragraph, a passage, a chapter in a book or even a book.
8.1.2 Linguistic Context
do a sum (work out the answer to a mathematical question) do one‟s teeth (brush) do the flowers (arrange) do fish (cook) do science at school (study) do a museum/a city/a country (visit)
8.2.3 Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning
Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird-whistell. 身势学 (definition)
8.2 The Role of Context
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and homonymy. When a word with multiple meanings is used in inadequate context, it creates ambiguity, e.g.
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
He is a hard businessman. hard: 1) hard-working 2) difficult He is a hard businessman to deal with.
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
The meaning of make is affected by the grammatical structures. This is called grammatical context. Grammatical context is the grammatical structures in which a particular linguistic item is used.
8.2.3 Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning
Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages to give hints.
8.1 Types of Context
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context
Extra-linguistic context is context beyond language, but physical situation, in which language is used: the people, time, place, and even the whole cultural background, e.g.
[47] The ball was good. 1) dancing party 2) round object Revised: The ball was good. I never danced like this before. The ball was good. I used it for a long time.
8.2.3 Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning
The hints (context clues) might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea. Context clues vary a great deal. There are six or seven major context clues.
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context
weekend (length of time) 1) one day (1980s) 2) one day and half (1995) 3) two days (1996) 4) two days and half (some places)
8.2.3 Provision of Clues for Inferring Word-meaning
Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Mary, for example, speaks five languages. (example)
inference of word-meaning
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Meaning and Context
Context is very important. As most words are polysemic, without context there is no way to determine the meaning of a word. Meaning is defined in context.
make God made the country, man made the town. (created, built) She will make a good teacher. (become) He is going to make us a report. (give)
8.1.2 Linguistic Context
8.1.2 Linguistic Context
figure 1) a half-length figure （像） 2) a historical figure （人物） 3) double figure （数字） 4) figure of speech （词格）
8.1.2 Linguistic Context
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context
landlord （地主; 房东） exploiter of peasants (negative) one who has house to let (positive)
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
wk.baidu.com
The shooting of the hunter was horrible. (1) The hunter shot something in a horrible way. (2) The hunter was shot in a horrible way.
8.2.2 Indication of referents
This is the book I mentioned to you the other day. Now there is nothing we can do. Without context there is no way to tell what “this” refers to or the exact time “now” stands for.
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
Revised: He took Vanity Fair from a
wooden shelf and said “This is the book I mentioned to you the other day.”
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
8.2.1 Elimination of Ambiguity
Grammatical structure can also lead to ambiguity, e.g. The fish is ready to eat. I like Mary better than Jean. (1)I like Mary better than Jean likes M. (2) I like Mary better than I like Jean.
8.1.2 Linguistic Context
A car can do 80 miles an hour. John is doing well in school. I‟ll do you if you don‟t stop. Lexical context refers to the words used before or after a particular linguistic unit.
8.1.1 Extra-linguistic Context
广场（square） 1) a large flat area without buildings 2) a large building (亚贸广场；武广) 城（city） 1) a large town with more than 300,000 residents 2) 家俱城；书城