大学英语一试卷(A)

武汉纺织大学继续教育学院2011年-2012年第一学期期末考试试卷大学英语一试卷(A)专业: 专科所有专业姓名: 学号:一、PartⅠReading Comprehension (45%)Directions: There are several passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:If an animal is moved from its home in the tropics to cold climate, it will die if it is not kept warm. And animals accustomed to cold climates will die if they are moved to the tropics. Many plants, too, will die if they are removed from the place where they normally grow and are transplanted into an unfamiliar soil. Almost every species is adapted to life in a particular place by its organs and their functions and by its permanent habits. The specialized adaptation has great advantages. For it enables many organisms to survive under different conditions. It also has disadvantages, for it means that the life of most species is controlled by local conditions.Living things are not scattered over the earth at random; most species have definite habits for living places. Ecology is the study of how organisms live in their environment. This means finding out how an organism survives and reproduces in certain surroundings. By environment we mean not only the soil and the climate but also the living things of the same species and other species, plant or animal. Most living things are slaves to their environment. Some can alter certain features of their environment to suit themselves; a beaver (海狸), for example, can make ponds by building dams; many birds and insects can build elaborate nests to provide shelter for their young. But these skills are restricted and highly specialized. Most organisms must adapt their bodies to fit in with their surroundings, and since they can adapt only for particular surroundings, they are found only in places where they can live successfully with the least effort.Plants find these favorable places by trial and errors. The wind carries their seeds and spores (芽孢) great distances. If the seeds land in a favorable environment they grow and reproduce. If they are deposited in an unfavorable environment they die. Animals, on the other hand, search until they find a favorable environment.1.The main idea of this passage can be summarized as: ________.A) Different habits of animals and plants B) Living things and their surroundingsC) Plants and animals: slaves of their surroundingsD) Animals' ability to adapt themselves to their surroundings2.What is meant by adaptation?A) The ability of living things to survive in a particular place under difficult conditions.B) The control of most species of living things by local conditions.C) The ability of living things to get familiar with their surroundings.D) The permanent habits of most living things.3.Living things can adapt themselves to their surroundings mainly through ________.A) their organs and the organs' specific functions D) Both A and BB) their specialized permanent habits C) their least effort in living conditions .4.Animals are different from plants mainly in that _________.A) they can more or less alter their surroundingsB) their organs are highly specialized to their surroundingsC) they are looking for a favorable environment for their survivalD) they usually have their own local living conditions5.Implied but not stated: ________.A) Animals are not completely restricted or confined to their surroundingsB) Plants are completely confined to their surroundingsC) Surroundings sometimes can easily be altered by animalsD) The specialized adaptation is very important for animals, plants as well as human beings Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:One thing the tour books don't tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about two centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home."The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing," says Gomer Jones.A survey of the wildlife in New York's Central Park last year counted 14 species of mammals (哺乳动物). A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species.Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (庇护所) have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent $750,000 to buy land to build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. As a result, many birds are now living in the city. For peregrine falcons (游隼) cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings. By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because of the DDT that had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded plenty of food.Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In SanFrancisco, the l ocal government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.6.The passage is primarily concerned with _________.A) wildlife returning to large cities B) foxes returning to LondonC) wild animals living in zoos D) a survey of wildlife in New York7.It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A) Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoosB) Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their cityC) Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countrysideD) Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a nuisance8.According to the passage, the number of species of wildlife in New York's Central Park ________.A) is slowly decreasing D) has more than doubled in the twentieth centuryC) is on the same level as before B) competes favorably with other cities9.Which of the following is NOT a reason that wildlife is returning to the cities?A) Air and water quality has improved in the cities. B) Wildlife is appreciated in the citiesC) Food is plentiful in the cities. D) Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities.10.The word "habitat" (Sentence 2, Paragraph 4) here means _________.A) a building for keeping wild animals B) a garden for growing plantsC) a place for animals to live naturally D) a park where live animals are exhibitedQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:In some classes and at some schools, mid-terms seem to be almost non-existent. The phrase is used loosely to represent a short period of time occurring closer to the first day of classes than to finals with no specific calendar designed for it. Some classes require so many exams and papers that a "mid-term" never really happens. Other courses don’t give any exams at all; they require written assignments only. Nevertheless, there still exist a sizeable number of schools and curricula that rely on the traditional mid-term/final peaks in the semester to assess student performance.The mere fact that mid-terms are intended to monitor one’s understanding of a subject mid-way through the term carries a heavy burden for most students. At one end of the spectrum, students who perform well on their mid-terms tend to then study with far less consistency for their final exams －thus reducing their overall grade for the course. On the other end of that same spectrum, students who perform poorly on a mid-term often become psychologically negative: viewing the rest of the semester as a hopeless void. Almost immediately upon receiving their mid-term grade, they’re already looking at the course syllabus, trying to compute what their final grade will be if only they can score on their final and on other relevant assessments.Of course, to avoid becoming a victim of negative mid-term psychology on either end of the spectrum, it is recommended that you should work hard to do very well on your mid-semester exams. Plan in steps. Too many students only loosely understand their subject material and then attempt to learn it all on their own one week before or even one night before an exam. But this tactic (技巧) rarely works! Ease the anxiety of mid-terms by covering whatever you learned in the previous class and study that material. In the long run, this tactic really takes less time than the "night before cram session".11.For most students, mid-term exams __________.A) are almost non-existent B) are a heavy burdenC) just written assignments D) not important to them12.Students who _________ would worry more about the final exams.A) score high on mid-exams B) do well in other performancesC) perform poorly on mid-exams D) know how to compute the final scores13.The biggest problem students with poor performance have after mid-exams is _________.A) their low scores on mid-exams B) stress and anxiety about final assessmentC) how to calculate the final scores D) how to prepare for the final exams14.To excel at your study, you are suggested to __________.A) study before exams B) be confident in yourselvesC) treat each class seriously D) relax before exams15.Before each class, ___________.A) review all you have learnt before B) focus on what you’ve learnt last timeC) preview the lessons D) do self-checkQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, i.e., great artists, inventors and scientists — a select and exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to face —the discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing inventions and products.Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and then originating or inventing a solution along n ew and unconventional lines. It involves drawing new analogies（类比）, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It follows, then, that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information which he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problem. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all he will be able to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too concerned about other people's reaction to his apparently "crazy" notions. People called the Wright brothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to construct and fly a heavier-than-air craft.16.The author believes that creative thinking __________.A) is possessed by some great artists and scientists B) requires rare talent and geniusC) is needed in the solution of many problems D) belongs to a lucky few17.In order to solve scientific problems, people __________.A) have to possess crazy notions B) should not attach too much importance to factsC) should be able to express themselves clearlyD) should use imagination and don't care about what others might think of them18.Creative thinking involves _________.A) drawing new pictures of old things B) observing the actions of great peopleC) finding the problem and originating a solution D) storing information19.A creative person must look at facts __________.A) as they are B) for what they implyC) and remember them D) which are interesting20.In this passage, “unconventional” means __________.A) not political B) unacceptable C) not ordinary D) uninhibited二、Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.21. You'd rather work than play, ________?A) do you B) would you C) don't you D) wouldn't you22. He was ________ for the army because of his poor eyesight.A) rejected B) returned C) accepted D) admitted23. Although Tom has a lot of difficulty, he ought to finish his work in time, ________?A) ought he B) shouldn't he C) should he D) wouldn't he24. About three-fourths of the surface of the earth ________ covered by the sea.A) is B) are C) have D) have been25. No one knows about how many elements it is that ________ most of the substances we meet ineveryday life.A) consist of B) are composed of C) make up D) are made up of26. No one was surprised at the change in Bank Rate, ________ confidently expected by investors.A) having already been B) to have already beenC) it having already been D) it to have already been27. To save money for my education, Mother often took on more work than ________ for her.A) it was good B) what was good C) was good D) being good28. Sometimes children have trouble _______ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.A) to separate B) separating C) for separating D) of separating29. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone ______ them.A) discovered B) will discover C) would have discovered D) discovers30. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert _______ it means standing in a queue all night.A) as if B) even if C) provided D) whatever31. The last half of the nineteenth century ________ the steady improvement in the means of travel.A) has witnessed B) was witnessed C) witnessed D) is witnessed32. These two areas are similar _______ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that33. They are nice boys and I'm sure you'll get on _________ them very well.A) by B) with C) toward D) beside34. "I'm going to the theater tonight." "So _______."A) shall I B) am I C) do I D) I am35. It is necessary that the plan _______ before Thursday.A) were fulfilled B) was fulfilled C) be fulfilled D) would be fulfilled36. Sailing down the Yangtze River, _______.A) a terrible accident happened B) a boat collided with the shipC) the boat collided with a ship D) I saw a terrible accident to happen37. Helen apologized for ______ the party.A) her not being able to attend B) her being not able to attendC) her being able not to attend D) not her being able to attend38. The strike was timed to _______ with the party conference.A) coincide B) cooperate C) coordinate D) cope39. She tries to _______ some money every month.A) set about B) set down C) set forth D) set aside40. I am sorry that he ________ the offer.A) should refuse B) has refuse C) refuses D) should have refused41. I didn't know his telephone number; otherwise I ________ him.A) telephoned B) had telephoned C) would have telephoned D) was telephoning42. She ______ yesterday's test, but she didn't.A) should have studied B) would study C) might be studying D) must have studied43. The number of visitors from parts of Scotland, not including the Edinburgh, was, in fact, relatively small (19%), but exceeded the number of overseas visitors (16%) _______.A) by a small margin B) by a large margin C) on a large scale D) by and large44. One of the differences between a bullet and a rocket is that ground control can change the course of the latter while it is still in _______.A) toss-up B) flight C) launched out D) construction45. In social dancing, the participants dance for their own pleasure rather than for the _______ of an audience.A) appreciation B) entertainment C) relaxation D) satisfaction46. Nothing can _______ the Chinese people in their resolve to modernize their country.A) figure out B) keep up with C) stand in the way of D) conjure up47. It was because the applicant was too proud________ he failed in the interview.A) therefore B) that C) so that D) so48. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be _______ in deeper.A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked49. The appreciation of works of art is bound to be _______ by a particular world outlook.A) formulated B) originated C) covered D) dominated50. She was complaining that the doctor was ________ too much for the treatment he was giving her.A) expending B) offering C) costing D) charging三、Part III Cloze (35%)Directions: There are a number of blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into thepassage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Have you (* 51 *) asked yourself why children go to school? You will probably say that they go (* 52 *) their own language and other languages, arithmetic, history, science and (* 53 *) subjects. That is quite true; but why do they learn these things? And are these things (* 54 *) that they learn at school?We (* 55 *) our children to school to (* 56 *) them for the time (* 67 *) they will be big and will have to work (* 58 *) themselves. Nearly all they study at school has some (* 59 *) use in their life, but is that theonly reason (* 60 *) they go to school?There is (* 61 *) in education than just learning facts. We go to school (* 62 *) all to learn how to learn, (* 63 *) when we have (* 94 *) school we can continue to learn. A man who really knows (* 65 *) will always be successful, because (* 66 *) he has to do something new which he has never had to do (* 67 *), he will rapidly teach himself how to do it inthe best (* 68 *). The uneducated person, (* 69 *), is probably unable to do something new, or does it badly. The purpose of schools, therefore, is not just to teach languages, arithmetic, etc., (* 70 *) to teach pupils the way to learn.51. A) either B) whether C) ever D) as well52. A) learn B) to learn C) and learning D) and to learn53. A) all another B) the other all C) all the other D) the all other54. A) those B) ones C) every D) all55. A) send B) present C) appoint D) select56. A) rely B) prepare C) make D) get57. A) that B) when C) while D) as58. A) for B) on C) with D) to59. A) true B) fortunate C) lucky D) practical60. A) why B) which C) because D) what61. A) much B) most C) a lot D) more62. A) above B) over C) on D) in63. A) so as B) and that C) so that D) such that64. A) remained B) left C) got out D) sent65.A) how learned B) how to learn C) to how learn D) how learning66.A) whenever B) whichever C) whatever D) however67.A) ago B) later C) before D) after68.A) path B) course C) road D) way69.A) on another hand B) on other hand C) on the other hands D) on the other hand70.A) and B) that C) but D) so。