Writing-Abstract(SCI摘要写作要点-英文版)
Abstract_writing__英文摘要写作方法
3.1. Topic Sentence
The
first sentence in an abstract is usually called the “topic sentence”. By answering the question of “what”, the topic sentence always goes straightforwardly to the subject or the problem and indicate the primary objectives of the paper.
"A
well-prepared abstract enables readers to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether they need to read the document in its entirety" (American National Standards Institute, 1979b).
3.1. Examples (4)
The experiment being made by our research group is aimed at obtaining the result of… The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of… Experiments on… were made in order to measure the amount of… The emphasis of this study lies in…
Abstract_writing__英文摘要写作方法
3.1. Topic Sentence
The first sentence in an abstract is usually called the “topic sentence”. By answering “topic sentence”. the question of “what”, the topic sentence always goes straightforwardly to the subject or the problem and indicate the primary objectives of the paper.
The Formalized Structure of Abstract
An abstract usually consists of the following three major parts: topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentences.
Abstract Writing
Definition and components of an abstract Samples of abstract writing
What Is Abstract
An abstract should be viewed as a miniature version of the paper. The Abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion. Discussion. As Houghton (1975) put it, "An abstract can be defined as a summary of the information in a document."
如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract
如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract Abstract是SCI论文投稿中不可或缺的一部分。
它通常作为论文的摘要，摘要的质量很大程度上决定了论文被接受的可能性。
因此，如何写好Abstract是每位研究者必须掌握的技能之一。
2023年，Abstract的写作依然是一项重要的任务。
面对越来越激烈的学术竞争，研究者需要通过Abstract来吸引读者的关注并明确表达自己的研究意义和成果。
下面将介绍一些具体的写Abstract的技巧和注意事项，帮助研究者撰写高质量的Abstract。
首先，Abstract的内容应该准确、简洁、具体。
为了达到这个目的，研究者应该遵循以下几个基本原则：1. 提炼核心内容Abstract不是论文的简单概述，而是针对论文的研究问题、方法和成果进行提炼和总结。
因此，研究者应该首先确定论文的核心问题和贡献，然后将其简洁明了地表达在Abstract中。
2. 使用适当的语言和术语研究者应该使用准确、专业的术语和语言来描述论文的问题和成果。
同时，也要注意使用简洁、易懂的语言，特别是在解释论文的复杂概念和模型时，以便读者能够快速理解。
3. 强调结果和贡献在Abstract中，研究者应该突出论文的贡献和创新点，让读者能够明确地看到论文的价值和意义，从而增加论文的吸引力和可读性。
除了上述基本原则，还有一些细节需要研究者注意，以确保Abstract的质量和可读性。
下面列举了一些具体的技巧和注意事项：1. 遵循SCI期刊的写作规范Abstract的格式和内容要符合SCI期刊的要求，这包括使用适当的字体、字号、行间距、段间距，以及指定Abstract的篇幅等。
研究者应该仔细阅读SCI期刊的投稿说明，确保自己的Abstract符合要求。
2. 遵循逻辑顺序和结构研究者应该遵循逻辑顺序和结构来组织Abstract的内容。
通常来说，Abstract应该包括论文的研究问题、研究方法、主要结果、贡献和意义等。
WritingAbstractSCI摘要写作要点英文版
Language
➢ Functions
• For busy readers to understand the research contents quickly and attracting them to read the whole paper .
• For database searching services
✓ Informative-indicative abstract: Summarizing the highest valuable informations in forms of informative abstract expression, while showing the rest in forms of indicative abstract expression. text.About 100~200words.
controlled in 5%~10% of the full text.
Introduction
Announcements: • No common senses and comments in abstract,don’t
mention the contents that should be written in Introduction.
✓ Indicative abstract：Normally summarizing the theme of the paper, with just two or three sentences and without any arguments and conclusions,which is commonly for reviews and meeting reports. This abstract can be used to help readers to decide whether to read the full text or not.About 100 words.
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
中英文摘要写作要求及格式
中英文摘要写作要求及格式
中文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度：通常要求在300-500字左右，不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式：一般包括以下几个部分：
(1)研究背景：简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法：明确本研究的目的，并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果：概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论：总结本研究的主要结论，并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句，避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排，使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.语言流畅、准确，注意使用恰当的语法和标点符号。
英文摘要的要求和格式:
1.长度：通常要求在200-300字左右，不超过1页A4纸。
2.格式：一般包括以下几个部分：
(1)研究背景：简要介绍本研究领域的前沿问题和研究现状。
(2)研究目的和方法：明确本研究的目的，并简要描述研究所采用的方法或途径。
(3)研究结果：概述本研究的主要结果和发现。
(4)结论：总结本研究的主要结论，并提出研究的意义和建议。
3.使用简洁明了的语句，避免使用复杂的专业术语。
4.注意逻辑结构的合理安排，使摘要内容条理清晰、易于理解。
5.注意语法、拼写和标点符号的准确使用。
6.根据期刊或会议的要求，可能需要在摘要中提供一定的关键词。
全英文科技论文摘要(Abstract)写作要领
Example of a Scientific Abstract
Usability and User-Centered Theory for 21st Century OWLs
By Dana Lynn Driscoll, H. Allen Brizee, Michael Salvo, and Morgan Sousa from The Handbook of Research on Virtual Workplaces and the New Nature of Business Practices. Eds. Kirk St. Amant and Pavel Zemlansky. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing, 2008.
The End
This article describes results of usability research conducted on the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL). The Purdue OWL is an information-rich educational website that provides free writing resources to users worldwide. Researchers conducted two generations of usability tests. In the first test, participants were asked to navigate the OWL and answer questions. Results of the first test and user-centered scholarship indicated that a more user-centered focus would improve usability. The second test asked participants to answer writing-related questions using both the OWL website and a user-centered OWL prototype. Participants took significantly less time to find information using the prototype and reported a more positive response to the user-centered prototype than the original OWL. Researchers conclude that a user-centered website is more effective and can be a model for informationrich online resources. Researchers also conclude that usability research can be a productive source of ideas, underscoring the need for participatory invention.
学术英语科技文写作摘要
• Approach: How did you go about solving or making progress on the problem?
• Results: What's the answer?
• Conclusions: What are the implications of your answer?
Analysis: 1. main points (1) roles for self-access pathway (2) influence to the design and
running of self-access center (3) how pathway were designed
• science and language style of abstract writing. The standardization of English abstract writing will be beneficial to the sci-tech papers to be quoted by International abstract journals, and to the impacts of scientific research in China.
• 简明介绍论文涉及的议题和论点， 主要概括论文的涉及范围、研究方 向和研究目的，不涉及论据和结论。
• 容易理解，但无法提供更多的详细 信息
Sample 1
Role of Pathway in Self-Access Centers Abstract
This article discusses some roles for self-access pathways, particularly in cultures which have no tradition of self-study. It suggests how pathways might influence
AbstractWriting英语摘要写作
Functions of Abstracts
• To help readers identify articles of interest
• To outline the main points of an article • To guide the reading of longer
5
英文摘要的类型
Use of Rank Order Distributions for Estimation of Probabilities of Rare Events
Abstract: Rank order distributions and the corresponding estimation problem are discussed. Their application to the study of rare events is considered. Examples are given of the application of the simplest of these distributions in predicting the occurrence of rare events.
Abstract Writing
• 1. background: introduces the present situation or problems in present tense
• 2. purpose: in past tense • 3. method: in past tense • 4. results: in past tense • 5. conclusion: give analysis, parison or
17
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧【摘要】The abstract is a crucial part of any research paper, providing a brief summary of the study's key points. In this article, we discuss some important tips for writing an effective abstract.Firstly, it is essential to choose a clear and concise title that accurately reflects the research. Including relevant keywords can help improve the visibility of the study in search results. The abstract should provide a brief overview of the research, outlining the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. Using a structured format with distinct sections can help guide the reader through the abstract. Avoiding technical jargon can ensure that the abstract is accessible to a wider audience.【关键词】英文摘要、书写技巧、清晰简洁的标题、关键词、研究摘要、结构化格式、避免技术术语1. 引言1.1 IntroductionThe abstract is a crucial part of any research paper as it provides a brief overview of the study and its findings. It servesas a snapshot of the entire paper, allowing readers to quickly understand the purpose and significance of the research. In this article, we will discuss some key tips for writing an effective abstract that effectively communicates the essence of your research. By following these guidelines, authors can ensure that their abstracts are clear, concise, and informative, ultimately helping to attract readers and generate interest in their work.2. 正文2.1 Choose a clear and concise titleRemember that the title of your abstract is often the first thing that readers will see, so it is important to make a good first impression. By choosing a clear and concise title, you can ensure that your abstract stands out and attracts the attention of potential readers.2.2 Include keywordsOne strategy for choosing keywords is to identify key terms that are repeated throughout your paper. These may include important concepts, variables, or theories that are central to your research. Additionally, consider using synonyms or alternative terms that readers might use when searching for information on your topic.2.3 Provide a brief summary of the researchOverall, the summary should give readers a clear understanding of what the research is about and why it is significant. By providing a concise overview of the study, the abstract can help readers determine whether the research is relevant to their interests and worth further investigation.2.4 Use a structured formatOne common format for structuring an abstract includes the following sections:2.5 Avoid technical jargonAdditionally, avoiding technical jargon can also help improve the overall readability and flow of your abstract. Readers will be able to grasp the key concepts and findings of your research more easily, leading to a more engaging and informative abstract.3. 结论3.1 ConclusionIn conclusion, writing a concise and well-structured abstract is essential for effectively communicating the key findings and importance of your research. By following the tips outlined inthis article, such as choosing a clear title, including relevant keywords, providing a brief summary of the research, using a structured format, and avoiding technical jargon, researchers can increase the visibility and impact of their work. A well-written abstract can attract more readers, increase the chances of publication, and enhance the overall quality of a research paper. Therefore, it is important for researchers to dedicate time and effort to crafting a well-written abstract that accurately represents the significance of their research findings.。
英文摘要的写作技巧
英文摘要的写作技巧英文摘要的写作技巧导语：英文摘要(Abstract)的写作应用很广。
论文摘要是全文的精华，是对一项科学研究工作的总结，对研究目的、方法和研究结果的概括。
以下是小编为大家精心整理的英文摘要的写作技巧，欢迎大家阅读参考!一、摘要的种类与特点摘要主要有以下四种。
第一种是随同论文一起在学术刊物上发表的摘要。
这种摘要置于主体部分之前，目的是让读者首先了解一下论文的内容，以便决定是否阅读全文。
一般来说，这种摘要在全文完成之后写。
字数限制在100～150字之间。
内容包括研究目的、研究方法、研究结果和主要结论。
第二种是学术会议论文摘要。
会议论文摘要往往在会议召开之前几个月撰写，目的是交给会议论文评审委员会评阅，从而决定是否能够录用。
所以，比第一种略为详细，长度在200—300字之间。
会议论文摘要的开头有必要简单介绍一下研究课题的意义、目的、宗旨等。
如果在写摘要时，研究工作尚未完成，全部研究结果还未得到，那么，应在方法、目的、宗旨、假设等方面多花笔墨。
第三种为学位论文摘要。
学士、硕士和博士论文摘要一般都要求用中、英文两种语言写。
学位论文摘要一般在400字左右，根据需要可以分为几个段落。
内容一般包括研究背景、意义、主旨和目的;基本理论依据，基本假设;研究方法;研究结果;主要创新点;简短讨论。
不同级别的学位论文摘要，要突出不同程度的创新之处，指出有何新的观点、见解或解决问题的新方法。
第四种是脱离原文而独立发表的摘要。
这种摘要更应该具有独立性、自含性、完整性。
读者无需阅读全文，便可以了解全文的主要内容。
二、摘要的内容与结构摘要内容一般包括：Ø 目的(objectives，purposes)：包括研究背景、范围、内容、要解决的问题及解决这一问题的重要性和意义。
Ø 方法(methods and materials)：包括材料、手段和过程。
Ø 结果与简短讨论(results and discussions)：包括数据与分析。
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧Abstract Writing Tips (1500 words)Writing an abstract is a crucial skill for researchers and academics as it helps them communicate the essence of their work in a concise and accessible manner. An abstract is a summary of a research paper, report, or article that provides an overview of the main points and findings. This article provides some useful tips for writing effective and compelling abstracts.1. Understand the Purpose of an Abstract: Before starting to write the abstract, it is important to understand its purpose. An abstract serves as a snapshot of the entire work and allows readers to quickly determine if the study is relevant to their interests. It should provide enough information to help readers decide whether to read the full paper or not.2. Follow the Structure: Abstracts generally follow a specific structure that includes the background, objective, methods, results, and conclusions of the study. However, this structure may vary depending on the requirements of the journal or conference you are submitting to. It is essential to follow the prescribed structure to ensure that all the necessary information is included.3. Be Concise: Abstracts should be concise and to the point. Since they have word limits, it is important to prioritize the most essential information and avoid unnecessary details. A good abstract should be between 150-250 words, depending on the guidelines provided by the target journal or conference.4. Use Clear and Straightforward Language: Abstracts should be written using clear and straightforward language. Avoid unnecessary jargon or technical terms that may confuse the readers. Instead, use terminology that is easily understandable to a broad audience. Remember that the purpose of an abstract is to present your work to a wider audience, including non-specialists.5. Highlight Key Points: Since abstracts serve as a summary, it is important to highlight the key points of your work. These are usually the main objectives, methods, major findings, and significant conclusions. By emphasizing these key elements, readers can get a clear idea of your research without going through the entire paper.6. Be Accurate and Objective: When writing an abstract, it is crucial to be accurate and objective. Avoid making exaggerated claims or overgeneralizations about your findings. Stick to the facts and provide a fair representation of your research. This will help establish credibility and trust among the readers.7. Avoid Citations and References: Abstracts should not include citations or references to other papers or sources. It is not the place to provide a detailed literature review. Instead, focus on summarizing your own work without external references.8. Proofread and Edit: Like any other piece of writing, abstracts should be proofread and edited to ensure clarity and correctness. Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that the abstract reads smoothly and provides a coherent summary of your study.9. Revise for Different Platforms: If you plan to submit your work to multiple journals or conferences, it is important to revise your abstract accordingly. Each target platform may have different requirements, such as word limits or specific sections to include. Tailor your abstract to meet these requirements, ensuring that it optimally represents your research for each platform.10. Seek feedback: Lastly, it is always beneficial to seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or writing professionals. They can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improving your abstract. Incorporate their feedback to enhance the quality and impact of your abstract.In conclusion, writing an abstract requires careful consideration and attention to detail. By following these tips, you can effectively summarize your research and engage readers, ultimately increasing the visibility and impact of your work.11. Customize for Different Disciplines: It is important to keep in mind that abstracts may vary across different disciplines. Depending on the field of study, different aspects may be prioritized. For example, in scientific research, the methods and results sections may be more emphasized, while in humanities research, the theoretical framework and analysis may be more prominent. Therefore, it is crucial to tailor your abstract to the specific requirements and conventions of your discipline.12. State the Problem or Research Question: Start your abstract by clearly stating the problem or research question your study addresses. This helps readers understand the purpose and relevanceof your work. Be brief but specific in describing the issue you are investigating.13. Provide Context: In addition to stating the problem, it is important to provide some context for your study. This can include a brief background or literature review to explain the significance of the research. However, be cautious not to make the abstract too lengthy or to include excessive details. Focus on the key aspects that are directly relevant to your study.14. Summarize the Methodology: Briefly describe the methodology or approach used in your study. This includes the research design, data collection methods, and any analytical techniques employed. Highlight the key steps or procedures that are crucial for understanding your findings.15. Summarize the Results: Outline the main findings or results of your study. Be concise and specific, avoiding ambiguous or vague statements. If possible, use quantitative or qualitative data to support your conclusions. It is important to convey the most significant findings in a clear and understandable manner.16. Emphasize Novelty or Contribution: If your study has a unique or innovative aspect, make sure to highlight it in the abstract. This could be a novel methodology, a new theoretical framework, or a significant contribution to the existing literature. By emphasizing the novelty of your work, you can attract the attention of readers and make your abstract stand out.17. State the Implications and Conclusions: Conclude your abstractby summarizing the implications and conclusions of your study. Explain how your findings contribute to the existing knowledge, theory, or practice in your field. If applicable, mention any limitations or caveats of your study. By providing a clear and realistic assessment of your work, you can demonstrate its importance and practical implications.18. Include Keywords: Many journals and conferences require authors to include a list of keywords in their abstracts. Keywords are specific terms or phrases that represent the main topics or themes of your research. They help search engines and researchers find your work more easily. Choose keywords that accurately reflect the content and scope of your study.19. Pay Attention to Formatting and Style: When writing an abstract, it is important to adhere to the specific formatting and style guidelines of your target journal or conference. This includes font size, word limits, and citation styles, among others. Ensure that your abstract is properly formatted and meets all the requirements to avoid potential rejection or issues during the submission process.20. Keep Revising and Improving: Abstract writing is an iterative process. It is rare to have a perfect abstract in the first draft. Continuously revise and refine your abstract to make it more compelling and impactful. Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or experts in your field. Incorporate their suggestions and polish your abstract to enhance its quality and effectiveness.Writing an abstract is a skill that improves with practice. Byfollowing these tips and continually honing your abstract writing abilities, you can effectively communicate the essence of your research and increase its visibility and impact in your field. Keep in mind that abstracts play a crucial role in attracting readers' attention, so invest time and effort into crafting a clear, concise, and engaging abstract that accurately represents your work.。
(完整word版)如何写英文Abstract
How to Write an Abstract一、什么是摘要Abstract?an abstract comprises one paragraph which describes the main content of a paper and appears at the very beginning of the paper.摘要是叙述文章主要内容的一个段落，并且位于文章的开头部分.摘要是以梗概形式呈现的一篇文章要点的总结,它强调了一篇文章所包含的重要的信息.它也可以帮助读者快速的了解到是否这篇文章是他们感兴趣的，是否他们需要来阅读整篇文章。
而且，国家或国际出版社的编辑通常通过浏览投稿文章的摘要来决定是否投稿人的文章是可以被录用的。
因此，对于学者和研究人员来说，写一份好的摘要至关重要。
二、写作Abstract的目的对于科技论文的摘要，Abstract的目的有以下几点：1.Introduce journal articles.rm readers about article`s content.3.Help readers decide whether or not to read article.4.Overview conference programs,abstract collections，and book chapters.三、学习写作Abstract的必要性1。
Helps you present complex information in a clear,concise manner。
2.Helps you read abstracts more effectively.3。
Helps you conduct research.4.Helps you write abstracts for future publications。
5.Helps you condense report information into a short format for database searches。
学术论文英文摘要写作要点
学术论文英文摘要写作要点英文摘要是科学家在现代科技交流中高速地输入和输出信息的重要手段。
本文讨论了优秀英文摘要的基本要素，包括文摘的功能，文摘的种类，文摘的内容和文摘的风格。
同时提供了简明的英文摘要写作指南。
文摘是长篇文献的缩影，它置于论文、技术报告、专论、和其他文献之前，概括总结和突出文献的要点.在科技文献急骤增加的信息时代，各种文献杂志和检索系统情报库应运而生，种类越来越多，覆盖面越来越广，信息量越来越大。
文摘已成为科技人员输人和输出信息的重要手段，成为科学交流中传递科技情报的重要方式.为了促进国际交流，各国科技出版物都附有英文摘要.本文拟从英文摘要的功能、种类、内容和文体风格等方面对英文摘要的写法进行探讨。
英文摘要的功能好的英文摘要应具备以下功能1. 提供足够的信息，让读者迅速准确地了解文献的基本内容，帮助该专业读者决定是否查阅原文，帮助相关专业读者毋需阅读原文就能获得所需要的信息;2. 帮助一次出版物的编辑人员缩短选稿进程，使他们一看文摘就能估计该文献的深度和创造性;3. 减轻文献杂志等二次出版物的编辑工作，供他们直接采用或稍作加工就使用;4. 帮助克服使用一次文献的语言障碍英文摘要的种类文摘可根据内容、目的、结构及作者等不同标准来分类。
短的文摘只有一句话，甚至只有一个短语，放在标题之前或之后，点出文献的最精彩部分，类似于一个副标。
例如：This paper describes results of research in process on the feasibility of Pre-Earthquake for Post-Earthquake Rebuilding (PEPER)长的文摘长达数百词，分成几段，类似一篇短的论文.有的文摘是由作者自己写的，置于一次出版物之前，称为作者文摘;有的则是由专门的文摘员或其他编辑人员写。
目前，普遍根据内容特征把文摘分成资料性文摘(Informative Abstract)、指示性文摘(Indicative Abstract)和资料-指示性文摘(Informative-Indicative Abstract) 3 种。
SCI论文英文摘要的撰写要求
SCI论文英文摘要的撰写要求论著文章英文摘要由以下部分组成：文题（题名）、作者名单、作者工作单位、通讯作者、目的、方法、结果、结论、关键词。
这些组成部分缺一不可。
对每个组成部分，从内容和格式上都有一定的基本要求。
我们撰写论著文章的英文摘要时，应当按照基本要求写。
整个英文摘要的篇幅：尚无统一的规定，有云100~150词（words）者，也有说250个词左右者（Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals）。
但要达到比较全面而概括地反映一项研究的主要内容，整个摘要的字数恐应达到300~400个词。
1）文题文题是用短语或句子形式集中反映一篇论文主要内容的一段文字。
对于期刊文章而言，读者首先要读的是文章的题目。
文题是否写得足够好，与一篇文章的阅读率有直接关系。
因此，医学论文的作者应对文题的写法下较大的功夫。
文题的作用：供审稿、引起读者阅读兴趣、供编制索引等。
文题的构成：用一定逻辑关系连接起来的名词短语或句子。
对文题的要求：总的要求是“简”(字数不能太多)、“明”(清楚，不模糊)、“准”(不夸大、相对具体)。
但具体要求可有以下几个方面。
文题形式上的要求(1) 文题的字数一般认为不应超过18个主要词(major words)。
这里所说的主要词，是指除了介词(前置词)、冠词和连接词以外的词，如名词、动词、代词、数词等。
要做到“简”，就要注意在文题中避免使用不重要的、含义不明确的词，如：“A study on ...”, “An investigation of ...”, “A clinical study on ...”, “A survey of ...”等词。
文题如以定冠词The开头，多数情况下将其省略。
(2) 文题的表达方式文题一般用短语或句子来表达。
所用的短语多是名词性短语。
例如：Use of exhaled nitric oxide measurements to guide treatment in chronic asthma (N Engl J Med 2005;352:2163)从语法结构上要求文题应尽可能简单、明了，避免复杂、难懂。
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧【摘要】Abstract:Introduction:This article will provide insights into the key techniques for writing an effective abstract in English academic writing.【关键词】关键词：英文摘要、书写技巧、引言、关键词选择、清晰表达、简洁表达、缩写、句子结构、语法错误、拼写错误、结论、摘要技巧1. 引言1.1 IntroductionIn this article, we will discuss some key techniques for writing an abstract in English. We will cover important aspects such as selecting appropriate keywords, expressing ideas clearly and concisely, using abbreviations judiciously, avoiding long and complex sentence structures, and ensuring proper grammar and spelling. By following these tips, researchers and scholars can improve the quality of their abstracts and increase the chances of their work being noticed and cited by others in their field.2. 正文2.1 关键词的选择Try to use a mix of broad and specific terms to capture the breadth and depth of your research. Avoid using overly technical jargon that may not be familiar to a wider audience. Additionally, make sure to include synonyms and related terms to increase the chances of your abstract showing up in different search queries.2.2 清晰和简洁的表达One way to achieve clarity and conciseness in your abstract is to use simple and direct language. Avoid using overly technical terminology or jargon that may be unfamiliar to your audience. Instead, choose words that are commonly understood and accurately convey your meaning.2.3 适当使用缩写1. Define abbreviations when they are first used: When you introduce an abbreviation in your abstract, be sure to spell out the full term followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. For example, "The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends..."2.4 避免冗长和复杂的句子结构Another tip is to break up long sentences into shorter, more manageable chunks. This can help to improve the flow of the abstract and make it easier for readers to follow along. Additionally, using bullet points or lists can help to organize information in a clear and concise manner.2.5 注意语法和拼写错误When writing an English abstract, it is crucial to pay attention to grammar and spelling errors. These mistakes can greatly impact the overall quality and professionalism of your abstract. Here are some tips to help you avoid these errors:3. 结论3.1 SummaryIn summary, mastering the skills of writing an effective English abstract is crucial for researchers and academics. By carefully selecting appropriate keywords, expressing ideas clearly and concisely, using abbreviations judiciously, avoiding long and complex sentence structures, and paying attention to grammar and spelling errors, authors can ensure that their abstracts are informative, engaging, and easily understood by a wide audience. A well-written abstract can significantly enhance the visibility and impact of a research paper, attracting morereaders and increasing the likelihood of citations. Therefore, it is important for writers to practice and refine their abstract writing skills, with a focus on clarity, precision, and accuracy. By following the tips and guidelines outlined in this article, authors can improve the quality of their abstracts and increase the chances of their research being recognized and appreciated in the academic community.3.2 ConclusionIn conclusion, writing a concise and effective abstract requires careful consideration of key elements such as keyword selection, clarity and brevity of expression, appropriate use of abbreviations, avoidance of lengthy and complex sentence structures, and attention to grammar and spelling errors. By following these tips, researchers can craft abstracts that effectively summarize their work and attract the attention of readers. Ultimately, a well-written abstract can enhance the visibility and impact of a research study, making it more likely to be read and cited by others in the field. Researchers should therefore devote time and effort to honing their abstract writing skills in order to effectively communicate the significance of their work and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
Abstract_writing__英文摘要写作方法
The Abstract should not exceed 250 words and should be designed to define clearly what is dealt with in the paper. The Abstract should be typed as a single paragraph.
"A well-prepared abstract enables readers wellto identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether they need to read the document in its entirety" (American National Standards Institute, 1979b). 1979b
3.1. Topic Sentence
The first sentence in an abstract is usually called the “topic sentence”. By answering “topic sentence”. the question of “what”, the topic sentence always goes straightforwardly to the subject or the problem and indicate the primary objectives of the paper.
3.1. Examples (2)
The authors are now initiating some experimental investigation to establish… establish… The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of the following… The problem we have outlined deals largely with the study of… With his many years’ research, the author’s endeavor is to explain why…
学术英语abstract写作
References to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract (except in rare instances, such as modification of a previously published method).
Note:
要写好英文摘要，作者必须回答好以下几个问题： 1) 本文的目的或要解决的问题(What I want to do?) 2) 解决问题的方法及过程(How I did it?) 3) 主要结果及结论(What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw) 4) 本文的创新、独到之处(What is new and original in this paper?)
conclusion that is not stated in the paper.
The Abstract should never give any information or
Omit obscure abbreviations. Write the paper before you write the abstract.
Most or all of the Abstract should be written in the past tense, because it refers to work done.
The Abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper.
简明扼要（conciseness）:去除文献中的次要材料或辅助细节。
SCI论文写作常用句式之Abstract
SCI论文写作常用句式之AbstractAbstract摘要以最简洁的文字概括论文，点明研究的目的、途径、结果、意义，以便读者决定是否要阅读全文。
摘要一般包含几项内容：1. 论文主题（1句）2. 理论基础、途径、方法（1-2句）3. 研究结果（1句）4. 影响和价值（1句）1.论文主题In this paper, we present a … approach to …本文提出了一种针对,,的…方法。
In this paper, we describe improved … models for …本文介绍几种针对…的改进的…模型。
We propose a new … model and … algorithm that enables us to …我们提出一种新的…模型和…算法，它让我们能够…We present a … model that enables …我们提出了一种…模型，它使我们能够…This paper demonstrates the ability of … to perform robust and accurate …本文证明了…进行…可靠准确的…的能力。
In this paper we report results of a … approach to …本文报导了…的…方法的实验结果。
This paper demonstrates that … can effectively … with very high accuracy.本文证明，…能够有效地准确地…The purpose/goal/intention/objective/object/emphasis/aim of this paper is …本文的目的是…The primary/chief/overall/main object of this study is to survey …本研究的首要目标是考察…The chief aim of this paper/research/study/experiment/the present work is …本文的主要目标是…The emphasis of this study lies in …我们的研究重点是…The work presented in this paper focuses on …本文所述工作重点放在…Our goal has been to provide …我们的目标是提供…The main objective of our investigation has been to obtainsome knowledge of …我们的研究目标是获取有关…的知识。
专业英语讲稿-摘要写作
摘要写作： 1. 摘要的起首句： 直接式起首句，开门见山说明论文主题 常用三种句型 （sentential form, sentence pattern）： （1）主语（说明文章性质的名词）＋谓语（主动谓语）＋宾语 或其它成份 article deals with paper discusses This thesis + introduces + …… study describes work investigates summarizes e.g. ( Polymers and copolymers from thiophenes and substituted thiophenes are of interest in the field of photovoltaics.) This paper presents the results from investigations into the use of novel copolymers of bithiophene with para-substituted (E)-3styrylthiophenes （styryl-苯乙烯基） in photoelectrochemical cells.
2009 李扬 专业英语－摘要写作
9
E.g. Salt doping with Li+ ions is found to increase the sensitivity by an order of two, and also improves the linearity. X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations have established that ZrTiO4 phase grows at a sintering temperature of 1200°C.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Language Focus
➢The general principles of Abstract
6) Do not repeat the same expression of the information.such as: • at a temperature of 250 ℃ to 300 ℃ Should be replaced at 250~300 ℃ • at a high pressure of 1.2 MPa Should be replaced at 1.2 Mpa
（Case analysis → → Dong Chengpeng )
Introduction
➢ Definition
A short passage showing the substantive research contents and informantions briefly and clearly without any comments and extra explainations.
Language Focus
➢The general principles of Abstract
✓The sentence of the English abstract should be simple, usually about 5~10 significance complete statement smooth sentences. In order to achieve the most concise summary in English, and clear results, need to use the following methods:
• This study(investigation) is (conducted,
Language Focus
➢The tenses of Abstract
✓The past tense. Used to describe the discovery of the past a certain period of time, or a research process (such as experiment, observation, investigation, medical process). Such as: The technique of ... was applied to study....
How to write
Language Focus
Welcome Li Chuanyang ！ (￣▽￣)
Language Focus
1.English abstract contains the title, abstract and keywords. According to the relevant provisions of international academic session, for international exchanges, scientific and technical reports, dissertations and academic papers should be accompanied by a foreign language (English) Abstract.
Introduction
Attention: • All of these elements must be expressed Briefly and
Clearly. • The quality of your paper directly affects whether it is
accepted and the retrieved and cited frequency. • The number of the words should be generally
Introduction
➢ Different types of abstract
✓ Informative abstract: Summarizing the odjective,methods,primary datas and conclusions of the paper comprehensively and briefly. Usually, this abstract can partly replace reading the full text.About 200~300words.That depends.
Language Focus
➢The voice of abstracts
✓ Informative-indicative abstract: Summarizing the highest valuable informations in forms of informative abstract expression, while showing the rest in forms of indicative abstract expression. text.About 100~200words.
2. In principle, the Chinese abstract considerations are applicable to the preparation of a summary in English, but English has its own way of expression, language habits,so in writing English abstract should pay more attention.
1) the summary at the beginning of the first sentence, do not repeat the title with papers
2) The background information should be deleted, or reduced to a minimum.
➢ Functions
• For busy readers to understand the research contents quickly and attracting them to read the whole paper .
• For database searchiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱg services
✓ The present tense. For the beginning of this paper points out that the research purpose, narrative research content, describe the results, conclusions, advice or discussion, etc. For example:
Research results The results ,data,relationships between the observations and the effect
Conclusions The analysis,comparison and evaluation of results and sometimes the application
controlled in 5%~10% of the full text.
Introduction
Announcements: • No common senses and comments in abstract,don’t
mention the contents that should be written in Introduction. • Don’t simply remention the meaning of the title. • The elements should be expressed briefly and clealy,and don’t make the abstract divided into sections. • Use the third person and standardized expressions. • The word abbreviations should be performed with full name for the first time. • No mathematical formulas, chemical structural formulas, figures and tables performed
➢ Elements
• Objective of the research
• Research methods
• Research results
• Conclusions
➢ Purposes
Offering substantive research contents for readers to decide whether they want to get the whole paper.
Writing-Abstract(SCI摘要写作要点-英 文版)
Contents
1 Introduction
（Functions and Elements → → Wu Junkang )
2 How to write
（Language Focus → → Li Chuanyang )
3 Practice
✓ Indicative abstract：Normally summarizing the theme of the paper, with just two or three sentences and without any arguments and conclusions,which is commonly for reviews and meeting reports. This abstract can be used to help readers to decide whether to read the full text or not.About 100 words.