专四词汇和语法
专四语法
第一部分语法与词汇一、虚拟语气考点(一)“if”引导从句假设类型if从句谓语v. 主句谓语v.与现在事实相反v.过去式(be用were不用was)would/should(第一人称)/could/might + do与过去事实相反had + done would/should(第一人称)/could/might + have done与将来事实相反were to/should + do would/should(第一人称)/could/might + do1、省略if倒装,变化if从句(1)had + 主语 + (not)done 与过去事实相反(2)should + 主语 + do 与将来事实相反(3)were + 主语 + (not)to do 与将来事实相反以上均省略if,将had、should、were提前,句子倒装。
2、含蓄虚拟,用介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟(1)without = but for 若不是,要不是,如果没有3、错综(混合)虚拟,主从句事态不在一个时间段(技巧:对号入座,主套主,从套从如:如果我是你(现在),我早把这书买了(过去)。
我要赶上那趟车(过去),现在就坐这上课了(现在)。
﹡(二)其他形式虚拟(单选、挑错常考到,非常重要)从句后是现在时即与现在相反,是过去时即与过去相反,是将来时即与将来相反。
wish、wishes、wishedas if/as though would rather if only 主语过去式与现在事实相反would/could + do 与将来事实相反(1)had done(2)would/could + have done 与过去事实相反would rather主语过去式与现在、将来事实相反(1)had done(2)would/could + have done 与过去事实相反但would rather + 句子用虚拟,不加句子用v.原形had better (not)do + V. 最好做…4、 if only 一般省略主句,用法与wish相同5、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句中,am、is、are原形即be解题方法:找出标志词;找出动词原形:do(主动)、be done(被动)(1)用表示建议、命令、要求等V.引导的宾从中公式:主语 + 谓语v.(必认词)+ 主语 +(should)+ do/be done必认v. suggest,propose,order,ask,require,request,desire,demand,insist,command,recommend,move,urge,advise(2)用于与建议、命令、要求等V.意义类似的形容词所引导的从句公式:It is + adj. (必认词)+ that + 主语 +(should)+ do/be done必认adj. suggested,proposed,ordered,asked,required,requested,desired(desirable),demanded,commanded,recommended,urgent,advisable,important,vital,essential,necessary, imperative(3)与表示建议、命令、要求等v.相类似的n.引导的表语从句和同位语从句表从公式:主语 + 系词 + that + 主语(should) + do/be done同位从公式:n. + that + 主语(should)+ do/be done必认n. suggestion,proposal,order,requirement,request,desire,demand,insistence,requirement,request,desire,demand,insistence,motion,recommendation,advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主语 + did(过去式)早该到…的时间了/high time/about time7、跳层虚拟公式:真实,otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟,but + 真实(一般考过去时)特点:真实——过去时或 must have done,对过去肯定猜测虚拟——would / could + have done(三)情态v. + have done ,表示对过去事情的推测must + have done 肯定,没有musn't(表禁止…)could + have done 本能够,可能做(但未做)may + have done 本可能,或许might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本应做,而未做(含责备)shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不应做而做了(含责备)needn't + have done 没有必要做而做了(无责备)need 情态v.“必要” + v.实义v.“需要” + need doing(形式主动,实际被动) = need to be done“需要”need + to do二、非谓语动词(一)不定式: to do / not to do1、形式(时态/语态), vt.(vi.只有主动)基本形式:主动被动﹡一般式to do to be done﹡完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing ×完成进行式to have been doing ×注意:不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的动作将要发生或同时发生,而不定式的完成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生,不定式的完成式不能作定语。
英语专四考试词汇与语法详解
英语专四考试词汇与语法详解英语专四考试词汇与语法详解语法和词汇是英语考试必考的题目,占得分值也是比较大的,深入了解语法和词汇是我们必须要做到,下面就和店铺一起来看看专业英语四级的词汇语法详解吧!一、代数名词数词1.在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2.everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以3.以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4.物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5.当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的`抽象概念时其前可加a/an6.名词所有格要点:必须用's的场合(1)'s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后(2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加's(3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加's(4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略(5)复合名词在最后一个词后加's(6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用's7.当用来表示类别或属性时,要用's children's shoes 儿童鞋,必须用of的场合(1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时(2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式:(1)'名词+基数词',不用冠词,如Chapter four(2)' the+序数词+名词' 如the Fourth Chapter9.倍数增减的表示法(1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than(2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as(3) 倍数+名词(4) 动词+百分比或倍数(5) 动词+to+数词(6) double/triple/quadruple+名词(7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10.分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11.百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词副词(1)前置修饰语的排列顺序可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词(2)后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词(3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置(4)enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置(5)有些形容词本身就有’比…年长‘,’比…… 优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than(6)much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词(7)more 不能用来修饰比较级(8)与名词连用的more of a …/as much of a…/more of a…意为更像…(9)as much o f a…意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上(10)none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than(11)any/some/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数三、情态动词(1)can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)(2)must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn't 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can't(3)need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味(4)need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事 (经常考)四、虚拟语气从句主句(1)与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should(第一人称)would(其它人称)+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去式(动词be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原型与将来事实相反过去式或should/were+动原would/should/could/might+动词原型(2)It is (high/about/the)time……谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了(3)It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验(4)as if/though 的虚拟要点(5)对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were(6)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式(7)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型【英语专四考试词汇与语法详解】。
专四语法与词汇
一、不定代词1. Another two/three...+复数名词=two/three more+复数名词,意为“再两/三……”。
如:I want to stay for another four (=four more) days.我想再待4天。
2. Other 可作形容词或代词,作形容词时,意为“别的,其他”,作代词时泛指其他(人或物)。
Any other 通常接单数名词,表示“其他任何……”。
“other +复数名词”相当于others,多用于与前面提到的some并举。
如:Tome runs faster than any other student (=any of th e other students) in his class.汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。
Some students are playing games,others(=other students )are boating.一些学生在玩游戏,另一些在划船。
3.the others 是the other 的复数形式,特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”,the others=the other+复数名词。
如:Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others(= the other student) will stay at home .两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。
二、冠词1.冠词的习惯用法(1)在世上独有的事物、方位、前文提到的事物、说话语境中明确的事物、最高级以及序数词修饰的事物、山、河、湖、海、楼、塔、沙漠以及各含有普通名词构成的专有名词等等,一般都要用定冠词。
The sun is bigger than the moon. 太阳比月亮大。
I love the mountains,but hate the sea. 我喜欢山,却讨厌海。
(2)以下场合一般不用定冠词:专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词;节假日、星期、月份、季节、疾病名称前;头衔前;球类运动前;泛指的三餐前;by 引导的交通工具前;某些独立结构的名词前;“普通名词+as ”引导的让步状语从句的普通名词前。
专四必考语法
专四必考语法一、时态、语态1.表达将来时的形式:(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中,一般现在时代替将来时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:I’ll tell him when you will ring again. (宾语从句) 比较:I’ll tell him when you ring again. (状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:See to it that you include i n the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过去完成时。
如:We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时。
如:By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months,主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。
专业四级词汇和语法的联系与区别是什么
专业四级词汇和语法的联系与区别是什么在英语学习的过程中,词汇和语法是两个至关重要的组成部分。
对于备考专业四级考试的同学来说,深入理解专业四级词汇和语法之间的联系与区别,是提升英语水平和应对考试的关键。
词汇,就像是构建语言大厦的砖块,是语言表达的基础材料。
没有足够丰富的词汇量,我们就难以准确、清晰地表达自己的想法和感受。
而专业四级词汇,则是在基础词汇的基础上,更加注重词汇的深度和广度,涵盖了更多专业性、学术性较强的词汇。
语法,则是语言的规则和框架,它规定了词汇如何组合、排列,以形成有意义、合乎逻辑的句子和篇章。
语法如同建筑的蓝图,决定了语言的结构和组织方式。
那么,专业四级词汇和语法之间到底有着怎样的联系呢?首先,词汇的运用需要遵循语法规则。
无论一个词汇多么高级、复杂,如果不能在语法的框架内正确使用,就可能导致表达错误或者不清晰。
例如,“affect”和“effect”这两个词,在词汇层面上它们的意义不同,但在句子中使用时,还需要根据语法规则来确定其词性和用法。
“The bad weather affected our plan”(恶劣的天气影响了我们的计划。
)这里使用的是动词“affect”;而“The effect of the new policy is not clear yet”(新政策的效果还不明确。
)这里使用的则是名词“effect”。
只有遵循语法规则,我们才能准确地选择和使用这些词汇。
其次,语法有助于理解和记忆词汇。
通过学习语法,我们可以了解词汇在句子中的位置和作用,从而更好地理解其含义和用法。
比如,在学习动词时态时,我们会接触到不同时态下动词形式的变化,这有助于我们记住相关的动词词汇。
同时,语法结构也能帮助我们推测生词的含义。
当我们遇到一个不熟悉的词汇时,如果能够根据句子的语法结构和上下文来判断其词性和大致作用,就能在一定程度上理解其含义。
再者,词汇的丰富和拓展也会促进语法的学习和运用。
专业四级词汇语法的重点难点有哪些
专业四级词汇语法的重点难点有哪些对于英语专业的学生来说,专业四级考试是一项重要的学业水平测试。
而在备考过程中,词汇和语法无疑是两个关键的部分。
接下来,让我们一起深入探讨一下专业四级词汇语法中的重点难点。
一、词汇部分1、词汇量的积累专业四级要求考生具备较大的词汇量,不仅要掌握常见的基础词汇,还需要熟悉一些较为生僻和专业性较强的词汇。
这就需要考生在日常学习中注重积累,通过阅读、背诵单词书等方式不断扩充词汇量。
2、词义辨析很多单词虽然意思相近,但在具体语境中的用法和含义却有所不同。
例如,“acquire”“obtain”“gain”都有“获得”的意思,但“acquire”更强调通过努力、学习等方式逐步获得知识、技能等;“obtain”则侧重于通过某种手段或途径得到;“gain”更侧重于在竞争或努力中获得。
3、词汇的搭配词汇的搭配也是一个重点。
比如,“make a decision”“take a shower”“have a rest”等,这些固定的搭配需要考生牢记,否则在使用时容易出现错误。
4、词汇的派生和变形英语单词有很多的派生和变形,如名词变形容词、动词变名词等。
例如,“happy”(形容词)→“happiness”(名词);“develop”(动词)→“development”(名词)。
考生需要熟悉这些变化规则,以便在阅读和写作中准确理解和运用单词。
二、语法部分1、时态和语态时态和语态是语法中的重点和难点。
英语中有十六种时态,包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等。
每种时态都有其特定的用法和时间标志词,考生需要准确掌握。
语态包括主动语态和被动语态,在理解和翻译句子时,要能够正确判断使用哪种语态。
2、虚拟语气虚拟语气是很多考生感到头疼的一个语法点。
它用于表示假设、愿望、建议等与事实相反或不太可能发生的情况。
例如,“If I were you, I would do it differently”(如果我是你,我会做得不一样。
专四词汇语法易错
专四词汇语法易错一、易混淆词汇。
1. affect (əˈfekt) - 动词。
- 意思:影响;(疾病)侵袭;使感动。
- 例句:The bad weather will affect our travel plans.(恶劣的天气将影响我们的旅行计划。
)- 易错点:容易和“effect (ɪˈfekt) - 名词/动词”混淆。
“effect”作名词时意思是“影响;效果”,如:The new law has had a positive effect on the environment.(新法律对环境有积极的影响。
)作动词时表示“使发生;实现”,例如:They hope to effect a change in the system.(他们希望在这个系统中实现变革。
)2. principal (ˈprɪnsəpl) - 形容词/名词。
- 形容词意思:主要的;最重要的。
名词意思:校长;本金。
- 例句:The principal reason for his absence is illness.(他缺席的主要原因是生病。
)The principal of the school is very strict.(这所学校的校长非常严格。
)- 易错点:与“principle (ˈprɪnsəpl) - 名词”混淆,“principle”的意思是“原则;原理”,如:We should stick to our principles.(我们应该坚持我们的原则。
)3. compose (kəmˈpəʊz) - 动词。
- 意思:组成;创作(音乐、文学作品等);使平静。
- 例句:Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.(水由氢和氧组成。
)He can compose beautiful music.(他能创作优美的音乐。
)- 易错点:容易和“comprise (kəmˈpraɪz) - 动词”弄混。
英语专四语法、词汇知识大全
英语专四语法、词汇知识大全英语专业四级语法、词汇知识1.语法考题的涉及面宽,近年考题曾经考到:几乎所有词类;三种动词的非谓语形式;各种从句及关系词的用法;动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法;独立主格,主谓一致,倒装,强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。
2.语法考试的重点突出,语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目,这些项目还反复出现,如:虚拟语气,状语从句,定语从句,独立主格,情态动词。
3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法,不常用的情况1)虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时:It is vital/necessary/important /urgent/imperative/desirable/advisable/natural/essential+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时:proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;lest +that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形。
2)状语从句的考点为:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3)独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4)情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5)定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
专业四级考试的词汇部分要求考生能灵活正确运用教学大纲语法结构表一至四级的全部内容,熟练掌握教学大纲词汇表中一至四级规定的5000—6000个认知词汇及其最基本的搭配。
专业四级英语语法和词汇
四级语法和词汇(1)1. My father never gave me ______.A. many adviceB. many advicesC. much adviceD. a lot of advices参考答案: CTIP:advice为不可数名词,不能用many来修饰,也没有复数形式。
2. She took him ______and led him across the road.A. by his handB. by the handC. with handD. with the hand参考答案: BTIP:take ... by the hand“抓住……的手”。
英语的习惯是在动词后先提人,而后在介词后再提具体的身体部位,身体部位前通常用定冠词。
3. I don't think he is to blame, ______?A. do IB. is heC. isn't heD. does he参考答案: BTIP:本句涉及的是否定的转移问题,I don't think 中的否定词否定的是宾语从句,故附加疑问句就需要用肯定的形式。
4. ______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.A. Even thoughB. UnlessC. As long asD. However参考答案: CTIP:as long as“只要”。
5. He couldn't lie convincingly enough to take a child _______.A. awayB. downC. inD. up参考答案: CTIP:take in“欺骗”,take away“拿走”,take down“取下来,记下来”,take up“从事”。
6. The parents were worried about Dorothy because no one was aware ______ she had gone.A. where thatB. of whereC. whereD. the place参考答案: BTIP:aware一般有两个结构: be aware of something和be aware that-clause,在此选择of后加名词从句,相当于第一个结构。
(完整版)英语专业四级语法和词汇总结
1.nothing but意为“仅仅,只不过”;anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”;none other than 意为“不是别人,正是…”;no more than意为“不过,仅仅”。
2.A. taxes B. payment付款 C. fees 手续费、入场费、会费 D. premium津贴酬金3. A. display展示型表演 B. performance文艺表演 C. show展览会 D. exhibition销售性质的展览会4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world.A. it isB. as isC. there is 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中,如关系代词作主语,则关系代词便可省略D. what is5. A. set out 开始 as/in/on B. set off使做某事 C. set up 开业,开始经商D. set about开始、着手6. proliferation 扩散fair庙会、交易会7. tumble to 突然察觉come to意为“降临,发生8. understand better than...意为“对…非常理解”9. go with意为“与…相配”;go by意为“根据…作出判断”;go through意为“通过;经历”;go out意为“过时” go into意为“叙述;讨论10. on principle意为“根据行为准则;按照原则”;in principle意为“原则上;基本上;大体上”。
for与by不与principle搭配。
11. take over意为“接收,接管”;take up意为“开始采用;采取,承担”;take off意为“脱去;拿掉”;take to意为“开始从事;开始沉湎于”。
专四词汇与语法
专四词汇与语法一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən](动词)- 词义:放弃;抛弃;放纵。
- 例句:Don't abandon yourself to despair.(不要自暴自弃。
)2. ability [əˈbɪləti](名词)- 词义:能力;才能。
- 例句:He has the ability to solve this difficult problem.(他有能力解决这个难题。
)3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml](形容词)- 词义:反常的;不正常的。
- 例句:This abnormal weather has caused a lot of problems.(这种反常的天气造成了许多问题。
)二、语法部分。
1. 时态 - 一般现在时。
- 结构:主语 + 动词原形(第三人称单数形式为动词 + s/es)- 用法:- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如:He often goes to school by bike.(他经常骑自行车上学。
)- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
例如:The earth moves around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。
)2. 名词的数 - 可数名词复数形式。
- 规则变化:- 一般情况加 -s,如book - books。
- 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加 -es,如box - boxes。
- 以辅音字母 + y结尾的,变y为i加 -es,如city - cities。
- 不规则变化:- 如man - men,woman - women,child - children等。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
- 规则变化:- 单音节词和部分双音节词:- 一般情况加 -er(比较级)和 -est(最高级),如tall - taller - tallest。
- 以e结尾的加 -r和 -st,如nice - nicer - nicest。
专四最完整词汇辨析
1.original 原来的,最初的,顺序首位;原著initial 起始的,开头的,强调事物起始阶段;首字母primitive 原始的,人类生命事物发展早期primary 时间,顺序上最早2.call upon 拜访call in on sb. 拜访3.target language 目标语言source language 源语言4.crucial 重要关键的,强调十分重要critical 重要关键的,危机或缺乏的状况5.limitless 无限的boundless 空间无限性6.permit sb. to do sth.admit (to) doing sth.7.survey 做研究时询问别人investigate 对罪犯或事故的调查8.demonstrate 表明,显示illustrate 强调通过例证或图表说明9.ensure 确保assure sb. that /sb. of sth.10.crack up (使)捧腹大笑crack on 努力继续干11.trait 性格中的品质trail 足迹,踪迹trace 痕迹,踪迹track 轨迹,轨道12.vision 视力,视野,憧憬(未来的构想,先见之明)scene 从远处看到的景色,人的活动场面,犯罪地点sight 名胜,有特色的建筑物,人造景观landscape 自然景色,景观13.desolate 荒凉的,荒芜的desirable 值得要的,令人满意的desperate 令人绝望的,极度渴望的delicate 棘手的,微妙的,精美的14.distracted 转移,使人分心displaced 取代,置换dispersed 分散,散开discarded 丢弃,抛弃15.capacity 人的潜在的,多指才智,接受,领悟能力competence 能力,技能,令人满意的业务能力,胜任工作gift 天赋,生来具有的才能,才智aptitude 先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力16.tame 温顺的,温和的,人脾气好,动物驯服的obedient 顺服的,顺从于某人或某组织tender 温柔善感的temperate (气候)温暖,温和17.active 中性,运动状态dynamic 有美丽的,充满活力的(城市)energetic 精力充沛的,有干劲,有精神vigorous 体力,精力充沛,健壮,有力18.statistics 统计学:单数数据:复数19.no less…than = as… asno more…than 和…一样不…20.all/both/double + thehalf/twice +a/the21.adjust 小改变,技术性调整~the airconditionerregulate 根据规定控制,规范~the trafficrectify 彻底改动,整顿,修正~the state of chaos 正式,深思熟虑amend 修改,改良以提高~the law topatch 修补相同或相似的材料补缀,补丁restore 修复,修正,修复建筑,艺术品22.minor 较小的,次要的,轻微但并非不重要inferior 次等的,较劣的(物品质量)secondary 重要性或顺序上的第二位subordinate 从属,下级的,强调主次地位23.bounce (球)反弹,(人)蹦跳bound 跳跃,(弹性,轻捷,优美)hop 单脚跳leap 飞跃,跃进make a great ~24.chaos 极度杂乱,完全混乱disorder 缺乏整齐,顺序in ~mess 十分肮脏,不整齐in a ~riot 暴乱in the ~s25.ban 官方禁止forbid 普通用语,要求遵守veto 国王,总统否决法案boycott 联合抵制,拒买*26.accuse ~sb. of sth./doing 指责,谴责charge sb. with sth./doing 向法院正式起诉condemn…for 道义,原则上强烈谴责be ~ed forprosecute sb. of sth. 提出公诉be ~ed for rmative 提供消息,情报,增进知识indicative (of) 表示,象征的initiative 主动的,自发的instructive 教育性的,有益的28.dilemma 进退两难,左右为难struggle 搏斗,挣扎,努力面对困难或险情collision 意见利益的冲突,抵触或两物相撞paradox 似是而非的说法,自相矛盾29.immerse oneself in沉浸,浸入,全部浸入液体中,比喻埋头工作dip 部分暂时,轻微地放进液体,谨慎或试探性动作duck 潜入,猛扎又很快取出submerge 浸没,淹没,长时间完全进入液体深层30.abrupt 突然,意外,事物突变accidental 偶然,意外,预料之外casual 随便,不经意,无目的,无计划occasional 偶然,不对31.anxious about 焦虑enthusiastic about 喜欢,热爱,赞许keen on极大兴趣驱使而来,热心做某事thirsty for 渴望,做某事愿望强烈32.insist on坚持意见,看法,主张adhere to 坚持忠于,坚持不懈persist in 坚持,固执已见,也可褒义maintain 维持,坚持33.sentence 判刑condemn 谴责,道义原则reproach 不高兴地指责scold 责骂,训斥,上对下,长对幼34.many a 许多动词单数more than one 动词单数35.emotion 情感,喜怒哀乐passion 激情,欲望,强烈爱好,愤怒情欲sensation 人体感受外部刺激产生的感觉sentiment 情绪,感情色彩,某种思想唤起的感情,强调主观作用36.promising 有希望,有前途appealing 有吸引力,动人的pleasing 令人愉快的obliging 热心助人,热情体贴的37.thereof 其中thereafter 此后,其后thereby 借此,由此thereabouts 在那附近,大约38.can’t hold a candle to 比不上be no better than 差不多be compatible with 不能与…兼容keep one’s temper with 忍不住发脾气39.ratio 比率,具体数据体现两个关系平行的事物的数量比percentage 百分比proportion 比例in ~ to 依然比例in the ~ of 比…比例rate 比率at the ~ of 以…的速度40.excessively (贬)过份地exceedingly 极其,非常extensively 广泛地exclusively 排他的,专有地41.stagger 蹒跚spin 旋转shiver(因寒冷恐惧)抖动shake(外力,内心波动)摇动发抖,动摇42.equipment 生产研究所需设备装置,不可数facility 公用大众设备,设施instrument 乐器,仪器appliance 家用电器,装置43.warrant 凭证,委任状,批准,授权令degree 学位,(文学,理科,工科)diploma 毕业证书,证明权利,特权,奖状certificate 证书,凭证,执照44.none other than 不是别的,正是…no other than 除…外没有,只有no more than 仅仅,不过是no more… than 与…不一样more than 极其,非常other than不同于,非…45.stagger 蹒跚,犹豫stamp 贴邮票于scatter 分数,散开shatter 打碎,破掉46.stay 住在需付费的地方或短住亲友家reside 较正式,合法定居+in/atlodge 短时间或临时住宿+atinhabit 栖息,不加介词47.alleviate 减轻痛苦方面dimish 减少,丢掉一部分devalue 贬值,常指货币decrease 减少,数量,力量,强度48.brand 牌子,品牌label 标签,商标,产地tag 小标签price ~trademark 注册商标49.draw on 利用,动用draw in 将某人扯入某事draw up 起草,草拟draw out 取款,取钱50.inevitable 不能避免的,阻挡不了undesirable 令人不快51.turbulently 骚动地,冲突地tremendously 极大地,极其triumphantly 耀武扬威地tentatively 实验性地,暂时地52.abide by 遵守,同意adhere to 遵守conform to 遵守,符合comply with 遵守,服从,用于正式场合53.acquaint sb. with sth. 认识,熟悉,相似且来往introduce sb. to sb. 介绍,引进recommend 推荐,介绍,具有一定品质的人或物present 正式引见,介绍,指向公众或很多人第一次介绍某人或某物54.amplify 扩大,增加,表示丰富或扩充细节,以增强事物完整性,正式场合~one’s statementextend 延伸,扩展土地,空间,时间magnify 放大,使用透镜或显微镜expand 扩大,范围体积,内容,细节充实55.additions 数量的增加appendixes 书末附录,阑尾attachments 邮件附件,机器附加装置accessories 附件意与attachment相同,饰品56.chuckle 轻声笑,暗自笑,得意或领会某事笑giggle 咯咯笑,女人或孩子无法抑制地笑jeer 讥笑,嘲笑=mocksneer 冷笑,嘲笑,以语言表情和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄57.description 描写,描述narrative 对事件过程的描述statement 口头,书面的声明,陈述version 版本plex 复杂,侧重成分,内在关系,合成的refined 精炼的,精确的elaborate 精心制作的,详细阐述的complicated 情况,问题各部分相互交错,难以理解intricate 错综复杂的,复杂精细,精致sophisticate 复杂精密,老练世故的~expertise 专业知识59.symbol 象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊实物badge 一般金属证章或写有姓名的袋状标志物token 语气庄重,礼品,纪念物等表友谊爱情的象征或标志attribute 人物及其地位,属性的象征60.disclose 指把有意隐藏的东西公之于众~a secretexpose 揭露丑闻,坏人坏事,各种阴谋,事物暴露在外,人处于何种状态~aconspiracyuncover 移去遮盖物,让东西显露,揭露阴谋~a plotdiscover 找到不为人知的东西61.confess 承认,坦白+to sth./doing sth.declare 宣布,声明+thatconfirm 确认证实+n./thatclaim 声称+to do62.indefinitely 不确定的,无期限的infinitely 无限的,无穷的incidentally 附带地,顺便提及63.space 一般意义的空地,空间spread 延伸的区域,有界限a ~of landstretch 单数身体上的伸展,长广度的增长,伸缩性expanse of 广大,无间隔障碍的广阔区域,天空海洋田野等64.homogenous 同质的,同类的monotonous 单调的,无变化的65.forbidden 权威机构或人物的禁令reject 否定,敌对的态度拒绝exclude 拒绝接纳或考虑,排除deny 坚定否认某事ponent 成分,整体的部分但可分割独立成体composition 固有不可分割的成分factor 因素,相互作用产生的力量,状况影响ingredient 混合物中的一部分,多指食物ment 注解,评注remark 对所见,所读的简短评论或非正式评论commentary 对某著作,时间系统的注解或评论,比赛的现场报道criticism 文艺作品,音乐演出,戏剧演出的批评,评论note 就某一问题在书页边上的注解,评论see the ~remark 简短,非正式评论a few ~s on sth.touch 修饰,增补68.pace 踱步,规则步伐stroll 漫步,闲逛,走走停停,心境不快strode 大踏步走swung along/past/by 轻松地走69.abolish 法律,习俗制度的取消或废除cancel 预先安排的活动取消,删去字句eliminate 消除,淘汰,已存在但不需要的东西dispose 处理,处置,扔掉+of70.senior to(prep.)人年龄大,资格老superior 人,物指等级,价值,军衔等,有优越感的意思supreme 正式用语,等级权利品质上最高,无可匹敌superlative 最高的,最好的,形容词副词最高级71.asset 断言,宣称,主管自信或清楚有力坚持某个情况为事实affirm 肯定宣称某事为事实,强调相信或坚定信念announce 宣布,宣告,首次当众宣布某一主张,预告意味proclaim 宣布宣告成立,深思熟虑后向大众宣布明确决定或判断,重大事件,官方场合72.blank 纸张上没写字或无记号,毫无表情go ~一片空白empty 内部无一人或物,话空洞无意义vacant 未被占用的hollow 空的,空心的73.partial 部分的,不完全的trivial 琐细的,无足轻重的,容易处理,不重要slight 轻微的,纤细的,微乎其微,身材瘦弱,内容肤浅minimal 最小的,最低限度ment on/about 对…评论reaction to 对…反应/看法impression on 给…的印象,of 对…的印象comprehension of 理解力,了解75.fabricate 编造,虚构,伪造~an excusefake 伪造,假装~illnessforge 仿造,伪造钞票文件作品pretend 假装伪装,有意骗人76.call off 喊走,取消(活动),转移(注意力)call up 打电话,传讯,征召(入伍),使人回忆起call out 叫喊,命令行动,引起,使起作用~for sth.call over 看望,探访,点名~to see sb. 77.porch 走廊vent 通风孔,排放口inlet 入水口,进气entry 入口处78.skate 滑冰~on the iceskid 路面滑而向一面打滑,汽车自行车车轮失控~into the ditchslide (顺畅)在光滑表面滑行slip 失足,滑倒79.intensify 增强,加剧amplify 放大(声音),进一步阐述enlarge 扩大,放大(体积容积),兴趣,活动范围,增加reinforce 加强,增强~my view80.carry on 继续进行,从事,忙于take on 呈现,承担catch on 变的流行,理解,明白get on 继续,进行,上车81.glimpse 瞥见,一瞥,一点点,点滴glance 一瞥,一眼glare 怒目,刺眼强光,受公众注目in the ~of publicitygleam 微光(某种感情闪现),耀眼的光a~of hope一线希望flash 亮光闪了一闪,短暂sparkle 晶体闪闪发光,钻石的闪光twinkle 亮光闪闪烁烁,星光,眼睛因愉快而闪光82.spectator 观看比赛或某事件的观众viewer 电视观众participant 参加者onlooker 旁观者83.drain 排水,消耗vi时排出,消耗的东西为主语drop 落下,主语为滴落的液体spill 溢出,溅出drip 某物往下滴水84.dissipation 浪费挥霍,消散expenditure 经费,支出,消耗85.growth 生长过程,发展upbringing 教养development 发展,发育,成长cultivation 种植庄稼,耕作86.limit 时间空间数量能量产品作出规定~the speedrestrict 禁止限制,把某人某物限制在一定范围内~oneself toconfine 施加不可逾越的限制,暗示束缚,因素87.tumble to 突然察觉stick to 坚持,坚守come to 降临,发生adjust to 调整,适应88.gloomy 昏暗的,令人沮丧的,形容前景暗淡不景气,形容人的悲观情绪shady 背阴的,阴凉的shadowy 朦胧的,模糊不清的,阴凉的obscure 模糊难理解的,不出名的,某事物含糊不清,因知识缺乏而难解dim 暗淡的,模糊的,光线微弱看不清ambiguous 含糊的,模棱两可的,字词句有歧义而使人模糊vague 不明确,暧昧的,言辞笼统而不清be ~about 不清楚89.bare 裸露,缺少必要的遮盖物naked 裸露~eye 肉眼bald 秃顶,山坡无树无草,树顶无叶barren 贫瘠不毛,缺少肥力或生活能力,人不孕90.hand in 上交hand out 分发hand down 把*一代代传下去hand over 移交,交出91.impact 对…产生影响,撞击impeach 控告,告发impede 阻碍,阻止impend 即将发生92.nurse 护理,照料tend 照顾照料,出于责任心,博爱而不是私人感情foster 促进,培育,对孩子关心鼓励,供养,抚育成长,促进增长发展nourish 喂养,滋养,用食物促进生长93.make a pledge 发誓make a warranty 担保make a claim to 认为…是属于自己的make a guarantee 保证94.blunder 因无知而犯下的错,大错,愚蠢的错误error 判断,计算或行为上的错误,治理,道义上的错误mistake 误会或粗心遗忘所导致的错误fault 一般指小且可宽容的缺点,错误at ~有责任,犯过失95.erectly 直立地,强调位置姿势挺直地,不弯曲,不倾斜straightly 笔直地,可指水平方向上的笔直,垂直方向上的不弯曲,修饰客观事物vertically 垂直地,竖式地,垂直于水平线的uprightly 竖直地,正直地96.exert on 对…施加影响压力exalt 正式赞美,歌颂excel at 擅长,优于,优胜别人exile 放逐,流放97.render 给予,提供renovate 更新,革新renounce 宣布放弃职位或信仰等renew 续期,更新98.distort 扭曲,曲解deviate 越轨,脱离depict 描画,描述divert 转移,转向99.favored 受优惠的,有特权的favoring 顺利的,有帮助的,少用favorite 偏爱的,特别喜爱的favorable 赞成的,有利地100.recommend 推荐,有称赞价值clap one’s hands=applaud 为某人鼓掌commend 表扬,称赞,对具体功绩成就表示嘉奖,指上级对下级,长辈对晚辈compliment on 称赞,侧重客气和礼貌,含恭维之意101.flock 鸟群,羊群school 鱼群herd 兽群swarm 一大群在季节飞行的昆虫,有时也指人102.pick on 打岔,过不去pick over 挑出来pick out 挑出pick up on 注意到,继续讨论103.confrontation with对质,双方对抗局面,双方意见迥异contradiction 事物间矛盾,指言辞看法或观点矛盾冲突conflict 人与人,国与国在价值观,利益行为等方面不同,冲突competition 竞赛,竞争104.discharge 使某人从监禁,护理,责任中释放出be ~d from hospitaldismiss 解雇,解散~an employeeexpel 驱逐be ~led from school 开除resign 辞职~from 辞去…105.vacuous 茫然的,空洞的vanilla 香草味的,普通的valiant 勇敢的,英勇的vagrant 流浪的,漂泊的106.invariably 始终不变,总是ordinarily 平常普通的persistently 持续,坚持不懈地107.abstract 摘要,对学术论文或法律论据作的简述digest 文摘,对原文的浓缩,缩后保持原文顺序,重点,风格outline 大纲plot 情节108.substantial 实际上的,相当的synthetic 合成的109.continual 连续不断的,频繁的,时断时续的发生continuous 不停的,连续不断的,中间不停顿constant 不断的,恒久不变的,始终如一的,经常出现successive 连续的,相继的110.audition 听觉,试听illusion 错觉,幻觉intuition 直觉delusion 错觉,幻想,迷惑111.retire from退休,退役retreat 撤退,退却,消极,多指被迫采取退下,推却行动withdraw 撤回,撤退,因某原因离开,含礼貌,恭谦,军队撤退resign from 辞退,退出112.break through 突围,突破go through 经历,经受put through 接通,完成,使穿过pull through 渡过难关,恢复健康113.prolong vt. 将时间延长到正常限度之外extend 时间空间上的扩展延续stretch 将事物长度延长,宽度加宽超出规定范围和限度lengthen 长度期限拉长,延长114.feasible 可行的,实施后成功practicable 可实施的,但效果不一定理想practical 实践的,实用的,未经实践检验的事物pragmatic 讲究务实的,用常识能解决实际问题,不追求不切实际的目标115.explain 解释,使人明白,弄懂,远离啊不清楚的东西illustrate 用图或例子说明interpret 诠释,解释,阐释文学作品等抽象事物account for 说明原因,理由116.decline to do婉言谢绝=refuse politely 拒绝社交活动邀请,要求帮助refuse to do坚决,不客气拒绝reject 拒绝来往或与sth.有纠葛,否定,敌对态度deny 否认,否定117.medium 程度中等,普通,平庸middle 位置上居中intermediate 中级,发展过程的阶段mid 中间the ~17.th century118.abundant 数量充足,人,动物,资源,雨量plentiful 食物收获财产,不用于语言思想时间空间generous 大量,慷慨,薪水福利sufficient 足够的=enough119.sent up sth. 发射(火箭),取笑conjure up 使某事物浮现,祈求显灵summon up 振作,鼓起,使出力气~a smilesqueeze up 挤紧,挤拢120.suspense 不了解进展而激动,紧张,悬念keep/hold sb. insuspending 延迟suspension 暂时停职,停学,停赛suspender (裤子)吊带121.get over 从疾病,打击中恢复,克服get away 走开,逃脱get off 下来,下车get across 通过,被理解pel 强迫,迫使,运用权利,力量迫使对方做事,也表别无办法sth. ~ sb. to dooblige 强迫,根据法律或道义be ~d byrestrict 约束,制约be ~ed incommand 命令,要求,绝对权威的人的正式命令,被命令的人有听从服从命令的义务123.mark 可见的印记,特别的特征,留下的痕迹signal 从皆知的,有约定俗成意义的符号,信号sign 符号,征兆,表示gesture 姿势,手势,肢体动作124.district 地区,行政区region 范围更大,有一定特点,有特殊情况或特殊势力影响的地区vicinity 周围地区,附近地区in the ~ofzone 特定地方,地带earthquake ~125.pull out (火车)离站,撤离,离开pull up 拔起,停下pull through 脱离危险期,渡过难关pull over (车)靠边,停靠路边126.batch 一批,一组,大量patch 片,补丁scratch 乱写,刮擦声,抓痕,擦伤hatch 孵化,舱口127.take 持有,怀有某种想法意见~the view entertain 心理或感情上怀有某事物~ideas/doubtsallow 容许~sb. (to do) sth.stick 坚持立场~to128.disfavor 不赞成,不喜欢dispel 驱散,赶走disqualify 使…无资格~sb. from 将某人从…开除dismiss 让…离开,免职,人作主语129.motionless 物体或人静止不动inactive 不活动的,怠惰的,不工作的an ~lifestylestagment 不流动的,不景气的 a ~economyimmobile 在某地纹丝不动,无法移动的130.clues 线索,提示~to 发现真相cue 给人提示,标准或模仿的暗示,指示implication 含义,暗示,未明确,意会indication 迹象,表示131.certify 用保证书,许可证来证明confirm 用权威性论述或无可争辩的事实确认testify 作证,证明verify 核实确认言论说法情况资料属实132.at large 详尽的,未被捕的at length 最后,详细的133.murder 谋杀,凶杀slaughter 屠杀,屠宰,接人或动物massacre (强)大屠杀,杀无自卫能力的assassinate 因政治原因用非法手段杀害政治领袖人物134.consent 同意conscience 良心,道德consensus 一致,舆论consciousness 意识,知觉135.impair 损害impose 强加integrate 合并136.refrain from 节制,忍着不做restrain 克制,抑制~sb. from doing sth.137.agreement 泛指任何一种达成一致的协议contract 合同,书面正式条约,与生意有关treaty 条约,谈判,外交达成协定,依国际法为准则convention 公约,多国,多集体处理事物的公式,正式138.eccentric 人的行为举止古怪,怪癖queer 反常,奇怪,含所修饰事物存在问题的意思absurb 荒谬,荒唐可笑unique 独一无二139.get off the ground (计划,经商点子)有进展on the ground 在现场(战争)below ground 在地下,去世的above ground 在地下,在世的140.descend from世代相传,后裔stem from 由…造成originate in起源于derive from 追溯起源141.vanish 语气强,完全,往往是神秘而突然的消失,不留蛛丝马迹disappear 强调从视线或脑海中消失,暂时,突然,永久的fade away 侧重逐渐消失evaporate 蒸发142.in light of 根据,鉴于,考虑到in favor of 赞同,支持in course of 在…中143.fresh 新鲜,未用过的novel 新事物的新奇,独特original 独创性,原创性innovate 富于创新,革新精神144.empirically 经验为主地exceptionally 意外地,特殊地explicitly 明白地,明确地extravagantly 挥霍无度地145.eternal 永恒的,时间上的持续infinite 数量程度上的巨大,某物无限制,边界ceaseless 不停地everlasting 永恒的,不变的146.set down 写下,记录,记下set up 开办,建立,设立set about 开始忙碌,着手工作set off 出发,动身147.assignment 工作,作业,指上级分给下级一定量的期限完成的工作mission 使命,任务,政治,宗教,商业tour 观光旅程role 角色148.aggravate 复旦罪行病情加重,使恶化provoke 刺激,导致strengthen 加强,巩固,增强intensify 使强烈,加剧149.inconsiderable 微小的,价值低的inconsiderate 不体贴别人的150.calculate 计算,打算speculate 推测,思索circulate 流传,循环regulate 调控,校准151.normal 正常的,普通的,达正常水平,与abnormal 相对general 普通的,影响有关事物大多数的,大多数的特征usual 平常的,通常的,强调常见,不稀奇的average 普通的,一般的,强调一般水平,普通水准152.conspicuous 明显或值得注意的事物noticeable 显著的,易察觉的prominent 重要的,接触的,卓越的153.seniority 年长,资历深,职位高superiority 优越,优等height 高度,高hierarchy 等级制度,统治集团154.faint 眩晕的,人在特定场合感到虚弱,由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况feeble 身体衰弱无力,与年纪大有关fragile 物体易碎的,人体质虚弱易受伤vulnerable 易受伤害的155.regretful 人后悔的regrettable 某事令人遗憾的156.hoist 升起,吊起,借助机械手段来提升重物ascend 物体逐渐继续上升,升起rocket 强调上升突然且速度迅猛arose from无形的,抽象的东西的出现或产生157.alternatively 两者选其一alternately 交替地jointly 联合地,共同地mutually 相互地,彼此地prise 包含,由…组成compose of 由…组成,常被动consist of 由…组成,主动constitute 构成,组成159.prize 奖赏,奖bonus 奖金,分红reward 奖励,赏金gratuity 小费,退职金160.turn down 拒绝,调小,调低turn out 生产,结果是,关掉turn up 出现,发生turn in 上交,归还161.betray 背叛deceive 有意识使人误入歧途,诱惑使人受骗上当,信以为真mislead 误导,误解trick 以小计谋狡猾,不光彩地捉弄162.depreciation 贬值,跌价deposition 在法庭上宣布作证,证词depression 不景气,萧条163.air 气氛climate 气候,某一时期社会风气,潮流164.fundamentally 根本地insignificantly 无关紧要地165.actual 实际的,现实的,事实上已发生或存在的,不仅是在理论上可能发生或存在的true 真实的,与实际相符,而非虚假authentic 某食物来源真实,非虚构,表经鉴定为真实可靠的genuine 货真价实,不是伪造或掺有杂质,强调物体本身纯真度166.embrace 包含,拥抱elaborate 精心制作,详细阐述exaggerate 夸张,夸大embark 上传或飞机,从事167.convert to 转变,变换contribute to 捐赠,贡献correspond to 相应,符合consent to 同意,答应,赞成168.in issue 在争论中in terms 在商谈中169.invaluable 无法估价的,非常宝贵的priceless 无价的,极有价值的unworthy of 不值的,不足取的worthless 没有价值的170.issue 官方正式渠道发行邮票纪念币股票distribute 把东西发给所属者,应得者publish 出版发行文字作品,发布新闻,间接release 准予发表,发布发行新闻唱片,电影软件171.out of reach 没技能权利金钱而难以实现out of stock 无现货的,脱销,无库存out of business 破产,失业out of season 蔬菜,水果不当季,反季节172.rich knowledgequick brain 机智灵活productive 多产,富饶fertile brain 主意多,有创造力173.ignore 有意不顾,不理显而易见的事物neglect 有意忽略有职责义务的事情omit 有意或无意忘记,删去overlook 因匆忙仓促视而不见174.assault 袭击,攻击allege 宣称,断言ascribe to 归因于175.pursue 继续做,从事,事业,研究devote to 奉献engage in 从事seek 寻求176.stereotypical 老套的,过时的religioustraditional 传统的,行为态度守旧的orthodox 观念做法正统的177.look over 审查账目,端详look after关心,照应look into 调查look through 温习,浏览178.decay 从健全或完整状态下自然或逐渐变坏rot 语气最强,暗示腐烂到无法辨认的程度spoil 语气最轻,指家中的或市场上的食物变坏corrupt 人为权或钱做非法的事情,道德败坏179.contaminate 弄脏,污染contemplate 深思,注视consolidate 巩固,加固contradict 否定,反驳180.distinct 有区别的,清晰的,指一切清晰可辨的东西,不强调与同类事物的差异evident 无可争议的清楚,抽象事物及推理explicit 声明,规定,清楚明确transparent 某事含义清除易懂,谎言借口显而易见181.class 特征时间程度方面的不同对同一事物进行分类或排列grade 事物质量,价值分成不同等级,层次rank among/below 按照价值地位名望不同将人或物放入合适位置rate sb. as 对事物的等级价值层次作出决定,对…评价182.ascertain 确定,查明ascribe 归因于,归咎于avert 防止,转移assert 断言,主张183.fame 好名声,声誉,有某种成就而为众人所知honor 荣誉,名誉,某人用高尚或英雄行为举止而得到的荣誉reputation 名望,名声,局外人或公众对某人某事的看法,可好可坏worship 崇拜,仰慕,怀有宗教般的虔诚崇敬的感情184.brief 短暂的,简介的,某事延续时间短暂,指讲话,文章内容简短扼要instant 瞬间的,即刻的,时间短,不含持续意味prompt 及时的,准时的,时间短,不持续transient 短暂,转瞬即逝,描述一个持续时间很短185.worn away 消磨打发,时间流逝worn down 使消瘦,厌烦worn out 使疲乏,厌倦,使耗尽worn off 渐渐减少,消逝186.rigid about常指法律规章制度死板过严,也指人固执,难以改变solid 物质结构坚硬,结实stiff from doing人体肌肉或关节僵直疼痛,人行为拘谨,生硬strict 对规则标准严格遵守,人严格严厉187.sheer 全然的,纯粹的,修饰抽象名词~delightutter 完全的,彻底的,说话人否定态度的场合at an ~loss 不知所措pure 纯粹的,纯的,不混杂其他杂质,强调事情的彻底性,全部性thorough 完全彻底的,无遗漏的,强调没遗漏任何东西188.remedy 补救,治疗revive 苏醒,复兴reproach 责备,申斥revenge 报复,洗雪189.reckon on 依赖,指望frown on 不赞成,反对speculate on 考虑,推测figure on 打算,把…估计在内190.blind 瞎deaf 聋dumb 哑,沉默不语的inarticulate 口齿不清的191.result in(结果)/from(原因)assure 使放心entail 使成为必要,必然导致accomplish 完成192.exceed 超出超过,超出某种可以度量的限度或已知的限度overtake 赶上超过,因速度赶上某人或车辆transcend 超出,超越,指概念范围,分类等抽象方面超出surmount 超越,战胜,克服困难,超越障碍193.venturesome 某一过分的冒险爱好,在行动前对形势做了谨慎的估计daring 大胆,果断,英勇rash 言语行动上的轻率,一时冲动reckless 不小心,不考虑自己或别人,不顾后果194.set up 创立,设立set forth 陈述观点,启程set about 着手于,开始干set in 开始,(讨厌的,不受欢迎的事物)到来195.burglar 夜间撬窗破门行窃bandit 在乡间或森林地区结帮活动,恐吓或暴力行窃的人,现指有组织或单独抢劫的盗匪gangster 结伴进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒prirate 海盗196.mediate 调解,斡旋,指第三方通过与矛盾双方对话达成协议,解决纷争reconcile 调和,和解,指使两个相反或完全不同的意见信念需求达到和谐一致,两人吵架或纷争后和好interfere with 妨碍,干预,贬义in 干预他人事务。
英语专四语法和词汇
专业四级语法和词汇:Test 1 集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词,如:police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等,通常作复数,用复数动词。
如: Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词,如:foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, 通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。
例如:All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词,如:audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等,既可作单数,也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4)a committee,etc. of +复数名词如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成,随后的动词通常用单数。
例如:A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近义词辨析:tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired: 可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息,还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫,一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted: 表达的疲惫程度最强,指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
专四语法词汇部分考查重点与重点词组归纳
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为:would rather+that从句+一般过去时;It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/advisable/ natural/ essential+that+〔should〕动词原形;proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形;It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时;lest+that+should+动词原形;if only+that+would+动词原形.2、状语从句的考点为:非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句.3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现.4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用.5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词〔which〕和as作为关系代词.二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion等等.2、习惯用法如:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等.3、由同一动词构成的短语如:e,go,set,break等构成的短语.4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现.5、介词短语在句中作状语如:in terms of;with the exception of;in vain等,另外还应注意rather than,other than,such as,none/nothing+but等词在考题中的出现.三、专四重要词组1.abide by<=be faithful to ; obey>忠于;遵守.2. be absent from…. 缺席,不在3. absence of mind<=being absent-minded> 心不在焉4. absorb<=take up the attention of>吸引…的注意力<被动语态>be absorbed i n 全神贯注于…近be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on5. <be> abundant in<be rich in; be well supplied with> 富于,富有6. access<to> <不可数名词> 能接近,进入,了解7. by accident<=by chance, accidentally>偶然地,意外. Without accident<=safely> 安全地,8. of one’s own accord<=without being asked; willingly; freely>自愿地 ,主动地9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致10. with one accord <=with everybody agreeing>一致地11. in accordance with <=in agreement with> 依照,根据12. on one’s own account 1> 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2> <=at one’s own risk> 自行负责 3> <=by oneself>依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性.13. take…into account<=consider>把...考虑进去14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 <理由>15. account for <=give an explanation or reason for> 解释, 说明.16. on account of <=because of> 由于,因为.17. on no account<=in no case, for no reason>绝不要,无论如何不要<放句首时句子要倒装>18. accuse…of…<=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; plain about> 指控,控告19. be accustomed to <=be in the habit of, be used to>习惯于.20. be acquainted with<=to have knowledge of> 了解; <=to have met socially > 熟悉21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理22. adapt oneself to<=adjust oneself to> 使自己适应于23. adapt…<for> <=make sth. Suitable for a new need> 改编, 改写<以适应新的需要>24. in addition <=besides> 此外, 又, 加之25. in addition to<=as well as, besides, other than>除…外26. adhere to <=abide by, conform to, ply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief > 粘附; 坚持, 遵循27. adjacent<=next to, close to> 毗邻的, 临近的28. adjust..<to> <=change slightly>调节; 适应;29. admit of <=be capable of, leave room for> …的可能,留有…的余地.30. in advance <before in time> 预告, 事先.31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地.32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事33. take advantage of <=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness>利用.34. agree with 赞同<某人意见> agree to 同意35. in agreement <with> 同意, 一致36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前.37. in the air 1>不肯定, 不具体. 2>在谣传中.38. above all <=especially, most important of all> 尤其是, 最重要的.39. in all <=counting everyone or everything, altogether> 总共, 总计40. after all 毕竟,到底; <not> at all 一点也不; all at once<=suddenly>突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎.41. allow for <=take into consideration, take into account> 考虑到, 估计到 .42. amount to <=to be equal to> 总计, 等于.43. answer for <undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for> 对…负责.44. answer to <=conform to> 适合,符合.45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用.49. apply to 与…有关;适用50. approve of <=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right> 赞成, approve vt. 批准51. arise from<=be caused by> 由…引起.52. arrange for sb.sth. to do sth. 安排…做…53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地<小地方>;得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地<大地方>;54. be ashamed of <=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done> 以… 为羞耻55. assure sb. of sth. <=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.> 向…保证, 使…确信.56. attach<to> <=to fix, fasten; join> 缚, 系 ,结57. make an attempt at doing sth. <to do sth.> 试图做…58. attend to <=give one’s attention, care and thought>注意,照顾;attendon<upon><=wait upon, serve, look after> 侍候,照料59. attitude to toward …对…的态度.看法60. attribute…to…<=to believe sth. to be the result of…>把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果61. on the average <=on average, on an average> 平均62. <be> aware of <=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness>意识到,知道.63. at the back of <=behind> 在…后面64. in the back of 在…后部<里面>; on the back of 在…后部<外面>; be on one’s back<=be ill in bed> 卧病不起.65. at one’s back<=supporting or favoring sb.> 支持,维护; have sb. at one ’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台66. turn one’s back on sb. <=turn away from sb. in an impolite way> 不理睬<某人>,背弃,抛弃67. behind one’s back 背着某人<说坏话>68. be based on upon 基于69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with <=first of all> 首先, 第一<经常用于开始语>72. on behalf of <=as the representative of> 以…名义73. believe in<=have faith or trust in; consider sth.sb. to be true> 相信,依赖,信仰.74. benefit <from> 受益,得到好处.75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益<好处>76. for the better 好转77. get the better of <=defeat sb.> 打败, 胜过.78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上80. in blossom开花<指树木> be in blossom开花<强调状态> e into blossom开花<强调动作>81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机82. boast of <or about> 吹嘘83. out of breath 喘不过气来84. in brief<=in as few words as possible>简言之85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的86. take the floor 起立发言87. on business 出差办事.88. be busy with sth.于某事 . be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事89. last but one 倒数第二.90. but for <=without> 要不是. 表示假设91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买92. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词是能够被…的93. in any case<=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost , whatever happens; anyhow>无论如何94. in case <=for fear that> 万一;95. in case of <=in the event of>如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言96. in no case在任何情况下都不<放句首倒装句>97. be cautious of 谨防98. center one’s attention on<=focus one’s attention on> 把某人的注意力集中在…上99. be certain of <=be sure of> 有把握, 一定.100. for certain of <=for sure >肯定地,有把握地101. by chance<=accidentally, by accident>偶然102. for a change换换环境<花样等>103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…104. in charge of <=responsible for> 负责<某事> in the charge of …由…管105. take charge of <=to be or bee responsible for>负责管理<照顾>106. charge…for 因…索取<费用> , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…107. round the clock<=all day and all night, usually without stopping> 昼夜不停地108. ment on 评论109. mit oneself to 使自己承担… mit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; mit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; mit a matter to a mittee 把某事交给委员会讨论110. in mon <和…>有共同之处,共用. be mon to sb. 是与某人所共有的111. keep pany with <=be friendly and go out together> 和…要好.112. pare…with … 把…与…比较113. pare…to… 把…比作…114. by parison 比较起来115. in parison with <=in contrast to> 和…比起来116. pensate for <=give sth. to make up for> 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 pensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补117. plain of <or about>抱怨;诉苦;控告;plain about 抱怨某人或事情; plain to sb. about sth. <or sb.> 向某人抱怨…; plain <抱怨>; plement <补充>; pliment <恭维> 118. ply with <=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.> 遵守, 依从119. conceive of <think of, imagine, consider> 想象,设想120. concentrate on <or upon> 集中,专心121. be concerned with <=about> 与…有关122. concern oneself about with 关心123. in conclusion<=as the last thing>最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时; 124. condemn sb. to 判决125. on condition that <=if>以…为条件, 假如. in that = because因为; now that = since既然 for all that = although 尽管126. in out of condition <=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit> 健康状况好不好 . in good <bad> condition处于良好<坏>状态127. confess<to><=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong>承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行.128. confide in <=to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret> 对…讲真心话, 依赖129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心130. confidence in sb. sth. 对…的信赖131. be confident of 有信心; confidential ##的132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定<信念等>134. conform to <=be in agreement with, ply with> 符合,遵照,遵守;1>obey 服从; 2> observe; 3>ply with照…办; 4>keep to遵循; 5>abide by服从;6>stick to按..做135. be confronted with<=be brought face to face with> 面对, 面临136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺137. in connection with<=with regard to>关于,138. be conscious of<=be aware of>觉察,知道139. consent to<=give agreement to permission>同意140. in consequence <=as a result> 结果141. in consequence of <=as a consequence of>由于…的结果142. under consideration 在考虑中143. in consideration of <=in return for, on account of, because of >由于144. on no consideration<in no case>无论如何也不145.take…into consideration <=take account of, take…into acc ount>考虑到, 把…考虑进去146. considerate <=thoughtful of the needs> 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable 相当大的,值得考虑的147. consist of<=be posed of>由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致148. be consistent with<=be in agreement with>与…一致. be consistent in一贯的 , 149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教150. to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快151. be content with<=be satisfied with> 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to <=in opposition to> 与…相反153. on the contrary 相反154. contrast…with 把…与…相对<对照>155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下156. contribute to 有助于157. under control <被>控制住 out of control无法控制158. at one’s convenience<=where and when it suits one> 在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便159. convince sb. of <=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.> 使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…160. cope with<=deal with, try to find a solution to>应付, 处理161. in the corner<of>在角落里;on<at> the er of a street在街道拐弯处;round the er 拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境162. correspond <with> < =exchange letters regularly> 通信163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合,一致164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价165. a matter of course 理所当然的事166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地167. in <during> the course 在…过程中168. in due course <=without too much delay> 没经过太久, 到一定时候169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的,批评的171. cure sb. of+某种疾病治好某人的疾病172.a danger to对…的危险; be in danger<of>处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险173. to date<=so far, until now> 到目前为止174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from 从某时期开始<有>175. deal with <=concern> 论与176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中 in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加178. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇;179. delight in<=take great pleasure in doing sth.>喜欢, 取乐180. take <a> delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求<非物质的>东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求<物质的>东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183. be dependent on 依靠184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物185. derive…from<=obtain…from>从…取得,由…来的.derive from<=e from>起源于186. despair of <=lose all hope of> 绝望187. in despair 绝望188. despite <=in spite of> 不管, 尽管189. in detail 详细地190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难,194. discharge sb. <from>…for <=dismiss sb. from a job for> 因…解雇, 开除195. fall back <=retreat, turn back> 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪196. on display<=being shown publicly>陈列197. dispose of <=get rid of ,throw away>处理掉198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议199. in dispute 在争议中200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出201. <be> distinct from < = be different from> 与…截然不同202. distinguish between <=make or recognize differences> 辨别203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开204. do away with<=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate> 除去,废除,取消; do away with <=kill> 杀掉, 镇压205. have…to do with 与…有关系206. without doubt <=undoubtedly>无可置疑地207. in doubt<=in a condition of uncertainty>对…表示疑惑208. be due to 是由于209. e off duty 下班210. go on duty 上班211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时212. be in duty bound to <do> <=be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience> 有义务<做>213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望214. by ear <=play music from memory without having seen it printed> 凭记忆,不看乐谱215. have an ear for <=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language>对..有鉴赏力216. a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然218. with ease < = easily> 容易, 不费力219. at <one’s> ease < = without worry or nervousness> 自在,不拘束220. put sb. at his her ease <=free sb. from worry or nervousness>使某人感到无拘束221. economize on <=save sth. instead of being wasteful> 节省222. have an effect on 对…有影响223. be in effect <=be in operation> 有效224. go into effect 生效. < 近 e into effect; take effect; be brought into effect> 225. in effect <=in fact, really> 实际上226. give effect to <=carry out> 实行,使…生效227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果228. <be> of no effect <=useless> 无效229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是…230. to that effect 是那个意思的…231. emerge from < =appear, bee known > 出现, 暴露<问题. 意见等>232. place<or put, lay> an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in hisher work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in hisher idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事235. on end <=continuously> 连续地236. <be> at an end <=finished> 结束了237. no end of <=very manymuch> 很多,大量238. in the end <=finally, eventually> 最终239. at one’s wit’s end <=not knowing what to do or to say> 无法可想, 智穷计尽240. end up with 以…而结束241. e to and end <=finish> 结束242. end in 以…为结束243. engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于,从事244. enter for <=put the name on a list for> 报名参加245. enter into <=begin> 开始<谈话, 谈判等>246. enter on upon <=begin> 开始 <一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等>247. be entitled to <=be given the right to do sth.>有权…,有资格…248. be equal to 等于249. be feel equal to <=have enough strength, ability etc.> <某人>能胜任,能应付 onequal terms<=on and equal footing>平等地250. be equipped with 装备有,装有251. <be> equivalent to<=equal in value, amount, meaning> 相等于, 相当于252. in essence <=in itsone’s nature> 本质上253. at all events <=in spite of everything, in any case> 不论怎样, 无论如何254. in any event <=whatever happens in the future> 无论如何, 不管<将来>怎么样255. in the event that<=if> 假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是<常与but 连用>256. in the event of<=in case of>万一,即使发生..时257. except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有..258. except <=but> 除了.259. except for <=apart from> 除…以外260. <an> exceptio n to …的例外261. with the exception of <=except, apart from> 除去…., 除…以外262. in excess of <=more than> 超过263. exchange…for 以…交换264. exclusive of <=not taking into account; without> 不包括265. in excuse of 作为…的借口266. exert…on… 对…施加…267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲268. e into existence <=begin to exist>开始存在; e into use开始使用; e into effect 开始运转; e into fashion开始时新; e into action开始行动; e into power开始执政;e into sight进入视野;e into blossom开花;269. <be> in existence存在 e into existence 出现270. expect…of 在…期望…271. at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲272. expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受<危险,风险>273. be exposed to… 面临…, 受到….274. beyond expression <=in a manner that cannot be expressed> 无法形容, 说不出的275. give expression to 表达, 表现 find expression in 表现276. to …extent 在…程度上277. in the extreme <= extremely> 极其278. look sb. in the eye 正视, 打量<某人>279. close <shut> one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见280. in one’s mind’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间282. keep an eye on<=keep a watch on>照看,监视283. in the eyes of in one’s eyes < = in the judgment of > 在某人看来, 在某人眼里284. on the face of it <=judging by what one can see> 表面看来285. in the face of 面对着<困难等情况>286. in one’s face当着某人的面; face to faced面对面; face up to 大胆面向287. fail in <=be unsuccessful in> 失败288. in good faith<=honestly, sincerely> 真诚地289. keep faith with 对…守信用290. lose faith in 对…失去信心291. on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地292. faithful to <=loyal to> 对…忠诚293. fall into the habit <of> 养成…习惯294. fall short of <=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.> 没达到, 低于295. familiar with 熟悉,了解296. have a fancy for < =like sth. without the help of reason> <没有道理地>喜欢, 想要297. take a fancy to <=bee fond of> 喜欢298. by far 远, 非常 <与比较级或最高级连用>299. far from 远远不是300. far from 非但不…<而且>301. in fashion<=stylish, most modern>时兴,流行302. after the fashion <of> 依照…303. find fault with<=plain about; criticize>找毛病,对…吹毛求疵304. at fault <=in the wrong, blamable>有错305. in favour of 赞成306. be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱;out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠307. in one’s favour<=to one’s advantage>对.有利308. <be> favourable to<=advantageous>有利的309. fear for <=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.> 为…担心310. for fear of <=in case of; because of anxiety about> 以防, 由于怕311. in fear of <=afraid for the safety of> 担心312. feed <sb.> on sth. 靠吃…, 用…喂养313. be fed up with<=be unhappy, tired about sth. dull> 厌烦, 腻了314. feel like <=have a desire for> 想要315. fill in 填写316. fill out < =fill in >填写317. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire<=do sth. remarkable>有突出成就318. play with fire <=take great risks>干冒险事319. set sth. on fire<=set fire to sth.>使..着火,放火320. at first sight<=when first seen>乍一看,一见321. for the first time 第一次 <作状语>322. in the first place 首先, 第一323. fit into 刚好放入324. fit in with < = suit , fall into agreement> 合适, 相配, 一致325. <be> fit for <=right and suitable for> 适合326. focus on <=concentrate on> 集中在…上 focus sth. on 把…集中在…上327. be fond of 喜欢328. <be> in force 有效 , 实施329. go into force 开始生效330. by force 靠武力, 强行331. force…on 把…强加给…332. in the form of 以…形式333. be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气334. free of charge 免费335. be freed from 免受, 没有…336. in front of 在…前面 in the front of 在…前部337. furnish…with <=supply> 向…提供338. in general <=in most cases, usually>通常339. catch <or get> a glimpse of 瞥见<强调结果> take a glance<or look> at看一眼<强调动作>340. be good for 对…有好处;对…有作用 be good at 擅长于; be good to 对…好341. in good time<=early>早早地<做完.到达等>342. for good <=for ever> 永远地, 长期地343. take…for granted <=assume to be true> 把…认为理所当然的.344. be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人345. on the ground<s> fo <=because of> 由于…346. fall to the ground <计划.希望等>失败,落空347. on one’s guard<against> 谨防, 警惕 <be> on guard 站岗348. guard against <=defend, keep safe>警惕,防止guard…against 警卫…防止349. guess at 猜, 估计350. by guess 靠猜351. be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失352. be in the habit of 习惯于353. break off <a habit> 改掉<某种习惯>354. break sb. of <a habit>使某人改掉<某习惯>355. get <fall> into the habit of养成了…的习惯356. e to a halt <=stop> 停止; 停住357. at hand 在手边, 眼前<附近>358. by hand 用手工<做>359. hand in glove<with> 狼狈为奸, 密切合作360. in hand 1>在手边 2><=under control>控制住361. in the hands of 由…掌握, 控制, 负责362. live from hand to mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃363. at the head of 在…的前头364. head for <=move towards> 向…方向前进365. hear of <=know about> 听人说起, 听说过366. at heart <=in reality> 内心里, 实际上367. in one’s heart <of hearts>内心深处,事实上368. by heart <=by memory> 熟记, 背<诵>369. to one’s heart’s content 尽情地370. with all one’s heart全心全意地,真心实意371. hinder…form<=stop…from>阻碍,使..不能做372. be <go> on holiday 在<去>度假 go on holiday = go for a holiday373. be <feel> at home <=to be fortable; not feel worried> 感觉合适,无拘束 ,熟悉374. be honest in诚实375. in one’s honour <or in honour of>祝贺,纪念376. on one’s honour 以某人的名誉担保377. hope for 希望<某事发生>,希望有378. to one’s horror 令某人感到恐惧的是379. in a hurry <=hastily> 匆忙地380. be identical with<=exactly alike>和完全相同381. be identified with 被视为与…等同382. in ignorance of 不知道…383. be ignorant of < = lacking knowledge> 对…不了解,不知道384. <an> impact <on> 对…的强烈影响385. impo se…on 把…强加给386. impress…on 给…留下印象387. make <leave> an impression on sb. =give sb. an impression 给…留下印象388.under the impression that有..的印象,认为389. improve sth.<make sth. better>把原物改进 improve on<=produce or be sth. better than…> 另做一物比原物更好390. improve in <=get better> 有改进, 好些391. improvement in 表示原物有改进,好转392. include…in 把…列在…里面393. inclusive of 把…包括在内394. independent of 独立的,不受约束的395. indicative of 表明, 说明396. be indifferent to <=not interested in>对…漠不关心, 冷淡, 不在乎397. <be> inferior to<=less good in quality or value> 比…差; superior to比… 好398. inform sb. of sth. 通知, 告诉399. be innocent of 无罪的,无辜的400. insist on <=order sth. to happen> 坚持要2楼曹红林 2008-03-19 08:32 回复发站内信401. instead of <=in place of> 代替,而不是…402. instruct…in <=teach> 教.指导.训练某人…403. insure…for 把…保险<多少钱>; ensure 使安全; assure…<of> 使…确信,保证404. insure…against 保险…以防405. intend…for 打算把…给406. <be> intent on 专心致志, 坚决407. in the interests of 符合…的利益 be interested in 对…感兴趣408. interfere in干涉, interfere with打搅,干扰409. at intervals 每隔一会儿, 每隔一段距离410. intervene in 干预411. invest in 投资412. be involved in <=bee connected or concerned> 卷入, 参加413. by itself <=alone, without help>单独地,靠自己414. in itself 本身; of itself 自发,自然415. be jealous of 妒忌416. jump at <=to be eager to accept>抢着接受,417. jump on <=scold, tell of> 叱责418. junior to sb. 年纪较…轻, 职位较…低.419. <be> keen on 喜爱, 渴望420. keep a close watch on < =keep a sharp lookout for> 密切注视421. keep…to oneself<=keep secret>不告诉别人422. to<the best of> one’s knowledge 据…所知423. at large<=at liberty, free> 在逃, 逍遥法外 at large<=in general> 一般来说, 大体上 at large<=at full length; with details>详细地424. lean against <背>靠着…425. at least 至少; at most 至多426. <not> in the least 一点<也不>, 丝毫<也不>427. at one’s leisure 在…有空的时候428. lend itselfthemselves to适合于<某用途>429. at length <=after a long time, at last>终于 at length <=in detail, thoroughly>详细地430. go to any length想一切办法, 尽一切力量431. be liable to <=be subject to>易于..的,应受<罚>432. be liable for 对…应负责任的433. lie in 在于434. in life 一生中435. for life 终身436. in the light of <=considering; taking into account> 考虑到, 根据437. throw light on < = make clear, explain> 使…更为清楚, 提供线索, 阐明438. in line with<=in agreement with>符合,一致439. long for<=want very much>渴望,希望得到440. for long 很久,很长时间<否定句.疑问句中>441. before long <=soon>不久, 过了不久以后.442. in the long run <=in the end>从长远来说,最后; in the short term <从短期来说> 443. <be> at a loss 不知所措444.major in 主修〔某课程〕445. as a matter of fact 实际上, 事实是446. by all means <=at all costs>不惜一切. <=certainly> 当然行;by means of用…; by no means 完全不, 决不447. on memory of 为纪念…448. on the mend <=in the process of recovering> 好转, 在康复中449. mention sth. to sb. 向某人提起某事450. at the mercy of <=in the power of> 任…摆布, 在…支配下451. be in a mess 乱七八糟, 处境困难 make a mess of 弄乱, 打乱452. bear<or keep>…in mind<=remember>牢记453. bring<or call>to mind<=remember>使回想起454. by mistake<由于粗心,健忘原因而>错误地455. at the moment <=now> 此刻,现在 for the moment <=for the time being>暂时 just a moment 稍等片刻 at the last moment 在最后一刻456. in the mood for 有情绪去做..,有心境做.457. no more…than 和…一样都不…458. for the most part 多半,大多数,一般来说459. at <the> most 最多, 至多460. make the most of 充分利用461. be not much of<=not a good>不是很好的… be something of 有点…,像…462. name after 用…的名字命名463. native to 所产的464. by nature 天生的, 生来465. in mature 本质上466. <be> in the nature of 属…性质467. none other that 不是别人,正是…468. above normal 高于正常<温度>469. for nothing <=free, without payment>免费470. nothing but 只有, 不过…而已471. to say nothing of<=not to mention>更不用说…472. do sth. at short notice 只给很少时间准备473. until further notice 在另行通知前474. take notice of <=pay attention> 注意475. object to <=be opposed to> 反对476. objection to <接动名词> 反对477. on occasion<=now and then>不时地,必要时478. by occasion of <=because of> 由于479. occupy oneself with <in> 忙于<某事>480. it occurs to sb. that… 某人想到…481. once and for all =once and forever永远地 all at once <=suddenly, now> 立即,马上 once in a while <=occasionally> 偶尔 <just> for once 就这一次482. <all> by oneself 独自<没有别人帮助>483. operate on sb. 给某人做手术 operation n. e go into operation开始运转 putbring sth. into operation 使…投产,运转484. be of the opinion 持有…的看法485. in one’s opinion 按某人的看法486. be opposed to… 反对…487. be opposite to 与…相反的488. <be> in order<=acceptable>合适的,恰当的 in order 井井有条,处于良好状态; out of order<=in bad condition>出毛病,发生故障489. made to order 定做的<衣服>490. originate infrom<=begin>起源于,由..引起491. on the outskirts <of> 在城郊492. owe…to 把…归于…。
(完整版)专四核心词汇固定搭配总结
专四核心词汇总结1.常用対例短启由下列动词构成的短语是近几年英语专业四级考试中比较常见的:1> answeranswer back 頂嘴answer for负责,保证,符合answer to适应,符合2)brii^bring about导致,引起bring along 把...... 带来bring around 说服bring back使回来,使复原bring down击落,打倒bring forth提出,出示,展示bring forward提出,提前,显示bring in生产,挣得.介绍,弓|进bring off救出,完成bring on引起,导致,使发展,提出bring over便相伯,说服3)carrycarry about随身携带carry along使人佩服carry away运走,使失去臼制力carry back运冋,拿冋,使冋忆起carry down 搬下,取下cany forward发扬,(账目)结转cany off夺去...... 的生命,戏得,成功对付carry on继续开展,坚持,举止央常cairy out完成,实现,贯彻,执行cairy over继续,《账目)结转次页,延期至...........carry through进行,贯彻,维持4)catchcatch at 抓住catch on抓牢.理解,流行catch out 发现catch叩迫上,吸引住,采用calch up on弥补,得到的消息Catch up to赶上,跟上catch up with赶上,連捕,处罚5)comecome about发生,产生,改变方向;发生,转向across来到,偶遇,<口>给人印象深刻:不期而遇,交付come at袭击,达到,得鄭到达,攻击come back回来,在记亿中集理,复原,恢复,反驳come before在.. 之前来,在之上come down下来,倒埸,没落,病倒,捐钱,流传下来,垂下come down on惩罚,索取;处罚,批评come down to归结为,涉及come down upon 处罚,批评come down with付钱,染上(病)come forth出现,涌理,被公布come forward自告奋勇,自愿come in进来,到达终点,流行起来,当* (钱)到手comeinfoc接受,受到,维承come into S入,得到,缝承'维承,取得/come off #开,举行,实现,成为come of Hi身于,由……引起;起源于,结果come on突然产生,要求,成为……负担,偶遇,跟着来,开始,出台,上演;快点, 赶快come out出来,长出,传出,褪去,接展出,U出,罢工:出现,真相大白coroe round to改变主意come through 历,脱险,传出,捐助】经历,成功come to达到,继承.复苏,停止;想起,共计come under归入,受到come up走近,上来,发芽,流行,发生,捡提出;上升,讨论,出现come up against 碰到;遭遇come up with赶E,提出;左出8me upon突然产生,要求,成为……负担,偶遇,突临,突袭6> dodo away with 给束,(口)千掉do down胜过,欺编dofor对.... 有效,代替,干掉do over焦做do叩束起,魚新嫁修,收给齐菠,疲乏.包好do with利用,忍受,需要,乐意做do without免除・不用7)drawdraw away枚走,退走draw back拉起,退却,缩回draw a blank抽空釜,一无所获draw in收.引诱,接近黄昏,紧缩幵支draw on «上,吸收,利用,引诱.向……提取,招来,临近drawom抽出,拉长,使说岀实情,拟订,跑到别人前面并拉开距离draw to a close接近結束draw up草拟,停住,邁近,追上,整乱8)fanfall apart崩溃,土崩瓦解fall away背离,屬开,消失,消瘦,倾斜fallback后退,退却fall behind落在...... 的后面,拖欠fall for爱上,倾心;上……的当,对……信以为真fall in (房屋等)坍下,倒塌,[军]集合,同意,(債务等)到期faDimo落入,陷于(混乱、错误等),注入,开始,分成,属于fan out争炒.畛架,闹碉,结果是,陶臥fall through失败,成为泡影9)ntfit in裝IE好fit in with适合,符合,适应fHon装上.试穿fitom装备,配备fHup准备,装冬(设各、房屋窖)10)getget about走动,旅行,传开,參加社会活动get across (使)越过,通过,被理解get ahead (使)走在前面,进步,获得成功get along生活,融洽相处,进展,有起色get along with进展;走开:别胡扯get at到达,够到,了解,意味着指责,含沙彫射地攻击get away逃脱,离开.把 ......... 送走getaway with侥幸成功,逃脱处罚get back回来,恢复,找回(央物等),羅新上台(执攻)get behind落后,支持,识破geiby通过,混过get down (从......>下来,吞下,写下,使沮丧get down to开始认真考虑Ret hold of抓住,得到get in进入,到达,收获,插入,陷入getinio进入,陷入,穿上gee off下来,脱下,出发,被容忍,动身,开始get on生活,融洽相处,进展,(使〉前进,<□>赶快,发迹,进展get on for (通常用进行时态)接近get out di去,离开,逃脱,泄諾,插脱,弄出来,说出,出版get out of从……之中获得……■避免,使说出8改over爬过,克服,熟过,恢复,原谅getround避免,说服,走动,传幵来get through到达,做完,通过,度过,打通getto到达,接触到,开始,对……有影响get together 集,收集,积累get up起床11)handhand back 通还band down传下来,宣布hand in交上hand out把...... 众出来,分发,施會hand over 移交hand round 分发12)keepkeep after —再提酶,不断谊求keep ahead 领先keep at it [n]lm油干.使劲,别松劲?keep away 防范keep back落在后面,阻止,隐瞒,留下keep down 镇压.控制,编减,保留keep from阻止,隐瞒,抑制keep in押制,隐瞒,隐殖,缝续燃烧keep in with 不断bt好keep off让开,不接近....keepon继検,穿着....... 不脱keep on at纠繊,使烦悩keep out使在外keep to遵備keep up不低落,维持,缝续keep it up继续下去,不松効13)looklook about四处寻找,当由,家看,四处观看took after目送,寻求,照独,关心look at看,者成,普眼于look back 冋酝.倒:iM:回顾,look down俯视,跌价.用目光压倒look forward to 朔待,盼堡look into察视.浏览,观察look out 神,照料look round环顾,观光.察妬观光.仔顾察犒look through «穿,审情,浏跑,温习.从中显B5;希穿,彻底审女look to JW W.注竜,布堇look up向上稿,峰敏,仰单.査寻,拜访.好转14)makemake after 追随make against不利于,有害于make allowance for扣除,考虑到,为留余地make at袭击,扑向make away急忙逃走,急忙髙开make away with带……而逃走,摧毁,杀死,浪费,把……噂来:偷走make for (尤指匆匆地)走旬,有利于,恼向于,导致】向前进,有助于IS)movemove along向前移动move off 离开move out撤出,开始行动move on继续前进16)partpan from与..... 离别part with跟…分手,放弃,丧失,卖掉,薛退17)paypay attention 9 注意pay away [航海}放松,放岀《绳索等)pay back偿还(借款),报答,报笙:pay down当场支付,用现金支付pay for佬还,贻僕pay in存(款)入银行pay oif还清〈债务,),付清,报复,赢利pay out付出,报复pay up全部付■淸18)puUpull about把……拖来拖去,粗暴珂待pull at用力拉,大口喝,猛吸pull away脱身,离开pulldown摧毁,推翻,使降低,使身体变差,使下跌,使要廉,领取pull for朝……驶去,力图到达……,靠近puUin进站,作岸pull on穿,戴,继续拉pullout拔出,离开,度过难关,恢复健康puU through度过难关,恢复健康pull together齐心协力pull up拔起,停下,阻止19)patput across曜满完成,便拔接受put aside撤开,储存........ 各用put away放好,備存……备用,处理掉,放弃,抛弃put Wk放回原处,向后移,推退,倒退,使后退put by放在一边,储存 ........ 务用,避开(人、质问等)put down Hl 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专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套
Test One集体名词作主语主谓一致1)集体名词,如:police, people, cattle, militia, poultry 等,Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)有些集体名词,女口foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, 通常作不可数名词,随后的动词用单数。
例如:All the machi nery in the factory is made in Ch ina.3)集体名词,女口audienee, committee, class, crew, family, public, government 等,既可作单数,Qr The city council is meeti ng to set its age nda.4) a committee,etc. of +如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词"构成,随后的动词通常用单数。
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn out这组词均含有疲惫的”tiredHenry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home. 亨禾U很疲惫,一至U家就上-NT'' 鼻exhaustedThe exhausted engin eer fell asleep on the bus.fatigued所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强,表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏,不能再继续下去。
英语专四常见词汇语法汇总
专四常见名词和介词搭配短语第1组第1组1.absence from 缺席,不在如:His long absence from work delayed his promotion.他长期不上班,把他的提升给耽误了。
2. absence of 缺乏如:In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative. 指挥官不在场, 我主动见机行事。
In the absence of their teacher the class was in a state of anarchy.教师不在, 班上一片混乱.3. access to ……的入口,通路如:The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。
She was forbidden access to the club.人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去。
4. acquaintance with 相识,了解如:I have only a nodding acquaintance with Japanese.我对日语仅略知一二。
The guide has some acquaintance with Italian.导游懂得一点意大利语。
5. action on sth 对……的作用如:Evidences of glacial action on the rocks岩石上的冰河留下的痕迹6. addition to sth 增加如:She is a beautiful addition to the family.她是我们家漂亮的新成员。
Can we finance the addition to our home?我们可以为你提供经费。
7. admission to /into 进入,入(场,学,会)如:How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace?怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫?Admission to British universities depends on examination results.英国大学入学以考试成绩为凭。
(完整)英语专四高频词汇
accomplishvt.完成,实现(计划、诺言等)frustratevt.使沮丧;挫败disruptvt.使中断,扰乱discouragevt.使泄气;阻止entailvt.使承担,需要bewildervt.使迷惑assurevt.使确信;确保timida.羞怯的,胆小的confidencen.信任;信心confidentiala.秘密的;表示信任的;担任机密工作的resistvt.抵抗;抗(病等);忍住vi.抵抗resistanta.(to)抵抗的,耐…的restrainvt.阻止;抑制refrainvi.(from)抑制,戒除n.(诗歌的)叠句setbackn.挫折,倒退limitationn.限制;(常pl.)局限confinevt.限制;使不外出n.(pl.)界限restrictvt.限制expandv.扩张;膨胀expansionn.扩展;膨胀stretchv.伸展,延伸;使倾注全力n.一段时间;伸展,延伸financen.财政;(常pl.)资金vt.为…提供资金bonusn.奖金;额外给予的东西enlargev.扩大;放大budgetn.预算v.(for)做安排a.低廉的disclosevt.透露exposevt.暴露;(to)使处于…作用之下;揭露uncovervt.揭露;揭开•一的盖子abandonvt.放弃;抛弃quitv.停止,放弃;离开resignvi.辞职vt.放弃;(to)使顺从surrenderv.投降,放弃;(to)屈服(于)n.投降,放弃releasevt./n.释放;解除;放开;发布dischargev./n.允许…离开;排出;卸(货);放电dismissvt.不再考虑;解雇;解散;驳回expelvt.把…开除;驱逐;排出qualifyv.(使)胜任,(使)具有资格qualificationn.资格,合格证书;限制licensen.执照;许可vt.给…发许可证favo(u)rablea.称赞的;有利的dispersev.分散;消散dispelv.驱散,消除objectionn.反对;反对的理由objectiven.目标a.客观的subjectivea.主观(上)的renewv.重新开始;(使)更新;延长(…的)有效期relievevt.使轻松;减轻;使得到调剂;接替rehearsaln.排练,排演restorevt.恢复;修复;归还refreshv.(使)振作精神renovatevt.更新recoveryn.恢复,痊愈;追回regainv.取回,恢复;返回revivevt.使复苏vi.恢复attainvt.达到achievementn.成就;实现breakthroughn.突破historicala.历史(上)的historica.历史上著名的,具有重大历史意义的approachv.靠近n.靠近;途径;方法acquirevt.获得;学到acquisitionn.取得;获得物decenta.体面的;宽厚的;得体respectablea.可敬的,高尚的;相当不错的admirablea.令人赞叹的,令人钦佩的feen.费,酬金tuitionn.教学;学费affordv.有足够的时间(金钱)去(做某事)paymentn.支付的款项;支付essentiala.必不可少的;本质的n.(常pl.)要素;必需品continuala.不间断的;频频的continuousa.连续不断的suspendvt.暂停;悬,吊suspensen.悬疑,焦虑,悬念haltn.停住,暂停v.(使)停住ceasev./n.停止repelv.逐退,驱逐;使厌恶,使反感prohibitvt.禁止avoidvt.避免owinga.应付的overalla.总体的;全部的n.(pl.)工装裤delegaten.代表vt.委派…为代表;授(权)nominatevt.提名;任命feastn.盛宴;节日vi.(on)尽情地吃;参加宴会queryn./v.质问,疑问inquestn.审问,审查suevi.控告;(for)请求vt.控告clarifyvt.阐明militarya.军事的n.(the~)军队smugglevt.走私;偷运combatn./vt.战斗,斗争custodyn.监护权,监管;扣留,监禁arrestvt.逮捕;阻止;吸引n.逮捕givena.规定的;假设的;(to)有癖好的prep.考虑到reviewn.复查;回顾,检讨;书评等vt.仔细审度;写评论categoryn.种类,类rejectvt.拒绝;拒纳n.被拒货品forbidvt.禁止excludevt.把…排斥在外denyvt.否认;拒绝给予infinitea.无限的eternala.永恒的;没完没了的moreoverad.而且,此外diminishv.变少,变小,降低decreasev./n.减小,减少dwindlev.渐渐减少(缩小),衰落raten.速度;比率,率;价格vt.评估;给…定级,值得ratingn.等级,评定结果;(pl.)收视率ration.比率percentagen.百分比proportionn.比例;部分;均衡comparisonn.比较;比拟comparablea.(with,to)可比较的;比得上的comparativea.比较的,相对的associatev.把…联系在一起;(with)交往n.伙伴a.副的associationn.协会;交往calculatevt.计算;估计;计划distinctionn.差别;辨别;优秀;荣誉distinctivea.有特色的,区别性的distincta.有区别的;清楚的;明确的divisionn.分;分配;分歧;除(法);部门separatea.分离的;各自的v.使分离;区分;(夫妻)分居interviewn./vt.会见;面试discriminatevi.(between)区别;(against)歧视distinguishvt.区分;看清;(oneself)使杰出considerablea.相当大(或多)的consideratea.体贴的consideringprep.就…来说considerationn.考虑;体贴awarea.意识到的consciousa.意识到的;神志清醒的;有意的offendvt.冒犯,伤害…的感情;使厌恶,违反annoyvt.使烦恼;打扰resentvt.对…表示忿恨irritatevt.使恼怒;使(身体某部分)不适upsetvt.使心烦意乱;打乱;弄翻n.(肠胃等)不适a.心烦的revisev.修订;复习manuscriptn.手稿;手写本editvt.编辑,校订;主编;剪辑editionn.版,版本editoriala.编辑的;社论的n.社论applyvi.申请;适用vt.实施;涂applicablea.可应用的;合适的appliancen.器具bidn.企图;投标v.喊价;祝;命令proposev.提议;提名;打算;求婚generousa.慷慨的;宽厚的;大量的plentifula.丰富的,充裕的abundanta.大量的;(in)富裕的aboundvi.大量存在;(in,with)充满,富于sufficienta.足够的,充分的adequatea.充足的;胜任的wholesomea.有益于健康的;有益的;健康的conducivea.有助于…的,促成…的appreciatevt.重视,欣赏;为…表示感激;领会vi.增值criterionn.标准standardizev.使(某事物)标准化handya.方便的;手边的;手巧的conveniencen.方便;便利设施benefitn.益处;救济金v.有益于,得益beneficiala.有益的availablea.现成可使用的;可得到的feasiblea.可行的emphatica.强调的,加强语气的emphasisn.强调,重点emphasizevt.强调eloquenta.雄辩的;明白显示出的fluenta.流利的effectivea.有效的;给人印象深刻的;实际的aftereffectn.(不良的)后果,副作用emotionn.情感,感情nerven.神经;勇气strainn.拉紧;极度紧张;张力;扭伤;(常pl.)旋律;品种,气质aftermathn.(指不幸的)事件的余波,后果outcomen.结果consequencen.结果;重要(性)consequentlyad.所以musclen.肌肉;力量bruisen.青肿;(水果等的)伤痕vt.使受淤伤;挫伤sprainn./v.扭,扭伤scratchv.抓;刮擦n.抓;抓痕pacen.(一)步;速度vi.踱步absencen.缺席;缺乏presencen.出席,存在;仪表presentationn.提供;外观;授予;报告;表演parliamentn.议会,国会cabinetn.内阁;陈列柜holya.神圣的;虔诚的sacreda.神圣的;宗教(性)的blessvt.(with)使有幸得到;为…祈神赐福(或保佑)instituten.学院vt.建立institutionn.社会公共机构;制度;设立consistenta.坚持的;一致的varyvi.变化vt.使不同variablea.易变的;可变的n.可变因素misfortunen.不幸,逆境;不幸事故relevanta.有关的,切题的simultaneousa.同时发生的impracticala.不现实的,不切实际的obviousa.明显的spontaneousa.自发的,无意识的;天真率直的substancen.物质;实质;大意;根据substantiala.大量的;牢固的;实质的synthetica.合成的,人造的;虚假的synthesisn.综合;合成crudea.粗鲁的;天然的;粗糙的rawa.自然状态的,生的;未经分析的;生疏无知的;露肉而刺痛的defectn.缺点vi.叛变flawn.缺点,瑕疵condemnvt.谴责;判•…开Ureproachn./vt.责备rebuken./v.谴责,指责,斥责imaginarya.想象中的,虚构的imaginativea.富有想象力的devisevt.发明,策划devicen.装置;策略ingeniousa.设计独特的;灵巧的createvt.创造;引起creativea.有创造力的theoreticala.理论(上)的accordinglyad.相应地;所以accordancen.一致accordn.一致;协议vi.(with)相符合vt.授予sensen.官能,感觉;意味;意识v.感知,理会sensiblea.明智的;察觉的sensitivea.敏感的;神经过敏的,容易生气的;易受伤害的efficienta.效率高的allergyn.(因食物等引起的)过敏症infectvt.感染;影响disinfectv.杀菌(消毒)epidemicn.流行病;流传a.流传极广的contagiousa.(接触)传染的;(情绪等)有感染力的widespreada.分布广的,普遍的virusn.病毒;病毒性疾病absolutea.绝对的;不受任何限制的roughlyad.粗鲁地;大概approximatea.近似的v.(to)接近;估计accidentala.意外的accuratea.正确无误的;精确的omitvt.省略;遗漏incidentallyad.顺便提一句eventuala.最后的,最终的pursuevt.继续;追赶;追求pursuitn.追求;追赶;(常pl.)嗜好theftn.偷窃,失窃burglarn.窃贼engagev.占用;(in)从事于;雇;使订婚indulgevt.使沉溺于;纵容vi.(in)沉溺actionn.行动;作用;情节decisivea.决定性的;坚定的determinationn.决心,决定;确定,测定defensivea.防御性的;自卫的,时刻防备的defendantn.被告demandinga.要求高的,费力(心)的convincevt.使确信,使信服involvevt.包含;使卷入;牵涉concernn.关切的事;关心;关系;公司vt.有关于;使关心concerningprep.关于dependenta.(on,upon)依靠的;取决于.…的independenta.独立的;无偏见的;不相关连的relyvi.(on,upon)依靠;信赖reliablea.可靠的attendancen.出席人数;参加;护理attendantn.服务人员a.随之而产生的assistv./n.帮助aidn.救助;辅助物vt.援助securea.安全的;牢固的;无忧虑的vt.得到;使安全;缚牢protectionn.保护sheltern.掩蔽处;住所;掩蔽vt.掩蔽,庇护residentn.居民;住院医生a.居住的;住校的,住院的residevi.居住,定居;(in)(性质等)存在dwellvi.居住monopolyn.垄断;垄断商品monotonousa.单调的,枯燥的routen.路程,路线retailv.n./ad.零售combn.梳子vt.彻底搜查coarsea.粗糙的;粗劣的;粗俗的vulgara.粗野的;粗俗的summarizevt.概括,总结sumn.总数;金额;算术vi.共计overtimen.超时工作;加班费ad.加班discontentn.不满,不满足disregardvt./n.漠视disordern.混乱;骚乱;失调physicala.身体的;物理的;物质的n.体检physiologyn.生理学ecologyn.生态;生态学basicallyad.基本上basisn.基础basicsn.基本因素,基本原理,概要elementn.元素;成分;(pl.)基础;^1.)自然力elementarya.基本的;初级的fundamentala.基本的n.(pl.)基本原则principala.主要的n.校长;资本;主角principlen.原则;基本信念primarya.首要的;最初的primea.首要的;最好的n.青春;全盛时期vt.使准备好initiala.开始的n.(常pl.)首字母initiativen.主动性;倡议;主动权initiatevt.开始;使初步了解;接纳n.新加入组织的人necessarilyad.必要地;必然地necessityn.必需品;必要protestn.抗议,反对v.抗议,反对contradictvt.反驳;与…发生矛盾reformv./n.改革,改良;改正countern.柜台;筹码;计数器vt.反驳ad.反方向地conflictn.冲突;战争confrontvt.迎面遇到;正视;使对质competevi.竞争competitivea.竞争的;好竞争的;有竞争力的fiercea.凶猛的;猛烈的;狂热的capitalizev.用大写字母写;为…提供资金conferencen.会议;商谈participatevi.(in)参加spectatorn.观众,旁观者viewn.看法;观察;景色vt.看待onlookern.旁观者audiencen.听众,观众observevt.注意到;观察;评说;遵守performancen.表演;履行;表现skimvt.撇;掠过;浏览vi.略读scanvt.细看;扫描;浏览n.扫描overlookvt.忽略;宽恕;俯瞰glimpsevt./n.一瞥glarevi.(at)怒视;发出刺眼的光线n.强光;怒视;炫耀gleamvi./n.闪亮;(with)闪现,流露glittervi.闪耀n.闪光;辉煌glown.光亮;脸红;激情vi.灼热;(脸)红;洋溢glimmerv.发出闪烁的微光n.微光,微弱的闪光prominenta.突出的;突起的outstandinga.杰出的;未解决的eminenta.卓越的excelvi.(at,in)突出vt.胜过proficienta.熟练的,精通的conspicuousa.显眼的noticeablea.显而易见的remarkvt.说vi.(on)评论n.评论insultvt.侮辱n.侮辱detailn.细节;枝节vt.详述;列举commentn.评论;闲话vt.评论reactvi.反应;(against)反对;(with)起化学反应;(on,upon)影响reactionn.反应,反作用;(against)反动impressvt.给…以深刻的印象;压印gracen.优美;(常pl.)风度;宽限vt.使优美graciousa.和蔼的;优美的int.天哪!disgracen.耻辱v.使失宠;使蒙羞comprehendv.理解comprehensivea.综合的extendvt.延伸;扩大;提供vi.延伸;达到extentn.程度,范围;广度extensivea.广阔的;广泛的exclusionn.排除在外,排斥exclusivea.奢华的;独有的;排斥的;(of)不包括…的n.独家新闻inclusivea.包括一切的eradicatev.根除,消灭,杜绝intensea.强烈的,紧张的;专注的;热情的intensifyv.增强intensivea.加强的;精工细作的concentratevi.全神贯注;集中vt.集中;浓缩n.浓缩物graven.坟墓a.严重的;严肃的gravityn.重力;严重;严肃solemna.严肃的;庄严的amountn.数量;总数vi.(to)合计;接近mountvt.登上;发起;安放vi.增加n.(M-)(用于山名前)山exceedvt.超过exceedinglyad.极其excessn.过度;超越a.额外的underlinevt.在…下面划线;强调underlievt.构成…的基础(或起因)utilizevt.利用utilityn.功用,效用;(常pl.)公用事业premisen.(pl.)经营场址;前提hypothesisn.假说,前提phenomenonn.现象;非凡的人marvelousa.惊人的dedicatevt.题献词于…上;(to)把…献给toastn.烤面包;祝酒辞vt.烘,烤;为…干杯memoriala.纪念的n.纪念碑memorisev.记住wisdomn.明智;智慧witn.风趣;(常pl.)智力,才智organn.器官;风琴;机构;新闻媒介organizevt.组织;使有条理exhaustvt.使筋疲力尽;用光;详尽论述n.排气装置;废气exploitvt.录U削;利用,开发n.(常pl.)业绩controversyn.争论debaten./v.辩论argumentn.争论;论据;说理remarkablea.值得注意的;非凡的clientn.委托人,顾客tenantn.房客,佃户proprietorn.所有人,业主scrapn.碎片;废金属;(pl.)残羹剩饭;少量vt.废弃scrapev.刮,擦n.刮,擦,刮擦声slicen.薄片;一份,部分vt.切(片)upbringingn.养育,抚育cultivatevt.耕作;培养nourishvt.养育;怀有(希望等)tamea.驯服的;沉闷的vt.制服;驯化civila.公民的,国内的;民用的;民事的;文明的civiliann.平民,百姓civilizev.使文明,使开化;教化,教育sacrificen.牺牲;献祭;祭品vt.牺牲;献祭adoptvt.收养;采用;批准adaptvt.使适应;修改vi.(to)适应adjustvt.调整vi.(to)适应regulatevt.管理;调节regulationn.规则;管理,调节equipvt.装备;使有准备modifyvt.修改;修饰conformvi.(to,with)遵守,适应;一致catervi.(for,to)迎合;(for)提供饮食及服务posevt.造成;提出(问题等)vi.摆姿势;假装n.样子signaln.信号;标志v.发信号;表示a.显著的gesturen.姿势;表示v.做手势labeln.标签;称号vt.贴标签于;把…称为tagn.标签vt.给…加上标签readilyad.乐意地;容易地;很快地promptvt.促使;提示a.敏捷的,及时的n.提词instanta.即刻的;紧急的;速溶的n.瞬间beforehandad.预先advanceda.先进的;高级的;年迈的hasten.急速,急忙urgevt.鼓励;竭力主张;催促n.强烈的欲望urgenta.急迫的,紧要的priora.优先的,在前的十.priorityn.优先(权);优先考虑的事emergencyn.紧急情况,非常时刻leakv.(使)漏;泄露n.漏洞;泄漏tricklev.滴流,滴淌;缓慢地移动dripv.滴n.滴水声;滴下的液体fluctuatevi.波动drainv.排走;渐渐耗尽n.耗竭;排水管spillv.溢出,洒落n.溢出overflowv.满得外溢;(with)充满n.容纳不下的物(或人);溢流口overwhelmvt.使受不了;征服overtakevt.超过;突然降临于overthrowvt.推翻;使终止n.推翻,终止overturnvt.使翻转;颠覆vi.翻转fertilea.肥沃的;多产的;(想象力)丰富的componentn.成分a.组成的productn.产品,产物;乘积reproducev.复制;繁殖productivea.多产的;富有成效的reflectv.反映;反射;深思innera.内部的;内心的imitatevt.模仿;仿造mockvt.嘲笑;(为了取笑)模仿vi.嘲笑a.模拟的;假的minora.较小的;次要的n.未成年人vi.(in)(大学中)副修minorityn.少数;少数民族scarcea.缺乏的;罕见的scarcelyad.几乎不;决不;刚刚rarea.稀有的;珍奇的;(空气等)稀薄的;煎得嫩的strikinga.显著的;惹人注目的minimuma.最小的n.最低限度,最少量]maximuma.最高的,最大的n.最大限度sparsea.零散的,稀疏的sensationn.感觉能力;感觉;轰动extraordinarya.不平常的,非凡的uniquea.唯一的,独特的;极不寻常的incidentn.发生的事;事件hencead.因此;今后generalisev.概括,推断circulara.圆形的;循环的n.通知circulatev.(使)循环;散布circuitn.电路;环行definevt.给…下定义;限定entryn.参赛的人(或物);进入;入口处;登记sackn.麻袋,包;(the~)解雇;(the~)洗劫vt.解雇;洗劫snackn.快餐,点心steakn.牛排portionn.一部分,一份vt.(out)分配metaphorn.隐喻signifyvt.表示…的意思,预示ancienta.古代的;年老的ancestorn.祖先;先驱maritala.婚姻的divorcen./v.离婚;分离spousen.配偶。
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英语专业四级词汇与语法模拟练习全真模拟试题练习一1.____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been2.____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain3. The millions of calculations involved, ____by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.A. had they been doneB. they had been doneC. having been doneD. they were done4. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happened5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Although she wrote a lot of short stories and poems when she was very young, ____she was twenty five.A. her first real success did not come untilB. her real first success came until notC. since her first real success did not come untilD. not until her first real success7. You should know better than____ your little sister at home by herself.A. to leaveB. leavingC. to have leftD. left8. As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ____grab a bite at the snack bar.A. may wellB. just as wellC. might as wellD. as well9. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.A. have stolenB. stealC. stoleD. stealing10. The boy has admitted to ____ the window while playing football yesterday.A. breakingB. having been brokenC. breakD. be breaking11. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets ____in transit.A. misusedB. mishandledC. mistakenD. mislaid12.____money, she is quite rich. However, this does not mean that she is happy.A. ConcerningB. As toC. In terms ofD. In the light of13. A well written composition ____good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A. calls forB. calls onC. calls upD. calls off14. It is ____with the customer not to let the shop assistants guess what she really likes and wants until the last moment.A. in her honorB. on her honorC. a point of honorD. an honor15. This house will probably come on the ____next month.A. fairB. marketC. shopD. store16. George was introduced to ____activities at a young age, when she was hire to act as a lookout for drugdealers.A. illegalB. lawfulC. faithfulD. peaceful17. An institution that properly carries the name university is a more comprehensive and complex institution than any other kind of higher education____.A. settlementB. establishmentC. costructionD. structure18. People’s status in society is fr equently ____by how much they own.A. measuredB. examinedC. testedD. questioned19. Jack is so ____to his appearance that he never has his clothes pressed.A. adverseB. anonymousC. indifferentD. casual20. There is an increasing ____to make movies describing violence.A. strengthB. directionC. traditionD. trend21. Outside my office window there is a fire ____ on the right.A. escapeB. ladderC. stepsD. stairs22. I ____with the Browns during my stay in New York City.A. put inB. put downC. put onD. put up23. Operations which left patients ____ and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. exhaustedB. unhealthyC. upsetD. fearful24. Farmers are allowed to grow small gardens of their own and they sell their vegetables ____ the black market.A. onB. atC. inD. for25. The electric fan does not work because of the ____of service.A. pauseB. breakC. interruptionD. breakdown全真模拟练习二1.____native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.A. In spite ofB. That it isC. It wasD. Although2. Our civilization cannot be thought of as____in a short period of time.A. to have been createdB. to be createdC. having been createdD. being created3. We feel it is high time that the Government ____something to check the inflation.A. didB. doC.should doD. would do4. It has been proposed that we____our decision until the next meeting.A.delayedB.delayC. can delayD. are to delay5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy five miles anhour ____originate over tropical ocean waters.A. whichB. whoC. whereD.how to6.____is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large scale movement against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.A. WhatB. AsC. WhichD. That7. All the flights____because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.A.were canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having been canceled8. Once ____, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.A. it being completedB. it completedC. completedD. it completes9. He might have been killed ____the timely arrival of the ambulance.A. but forB. except forC. besidesD. except10. If you have never plant ed anything, you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have planted ____.A.growB. to growC. growingD. to be growing11. He did me a ____turn by lending me ten pounds.A. goodB. niceC. fineD. pretty12. Once our chickens started laying eggs, we had such a ____of eggs that we were giving many away to our neighbors.A. outputB. surplusC. productionD. plenty13. Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect in various social ____.A. occasionsB. casesC.situationsD. circumstances14. They have considered their high standard of living a(n)____for practising their basic beliefs.A. awardB. rewardC. resultD. consequence15. Mac’s close____to his brother made people mistake them for one another.A. resemblanceB. identityC. appearanceD. relationship16. The thieves____the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for the diamond ring.A. spreadB. scratchedC.scatteredD. burned17. The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouth ____.A. wetB. waterC. soakD. taste18. The____problem of bring a space ship back from the moon has been solved.A. technicalB. technologicalC. techniqueD. technology19. A large part of a person’s memory is____words and combination of words.A.by means ofB. in terms ofC. in connection withD. by way of20. At her word she stood up and walked away, stopping at the window to pull back the curtain and ____.A.look roundB. look outC. look upD. look on21. Their happiness was very____.A. crispB. brittleC. delicateD. fragile22. I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour nap ____me.A.revivedB. releasedC. relievedD. recovered23. We should always keep in mind that____decisions often lead to bitter regrets.A.hastyB. instantC. promptD.rapid24. Information and opinion gap exercises have to have some content ____talking about.A. worthwhileB. worthilyC. worthD. worthy25. “If we fail to act now,”said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves ____in action later on.”A.paid backB. paid forC.paid upD.paid off全真模拟练习三1. It’s not fair that you come home after a bad day at work and ____your wife and children.A. take it out onB. take out it onC. take out onD. take on it with2. She put an extra blanket over the baby for fear that____.A. he catches coldB. he should catch coldC. he caught coldD. he be catching cold3. Our teacher recommended that we____as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.A. areB. shall beC. beD.were4. You ____business interfering with my affairs.A. have noneB. have noC. have none of theD. have nothing like5. The new cut in interest rate____promote domestic investment.A. means toB. directs towardC. is meant toD. leads to6. Advertising media like direct mail, radio, television and newspapers ____to increase the sales of industrial products.A.have been usedB. will be usedC. is being usedD. has been used7. While being questioned on the court, the man denied ____ the old lady’s necklace.A. having takenB. takingC. to have takenD. to take8. Dr. Park was accused ____the patient with overdose of sleeping pills so that the patient’s life was terminated before the expected time.A.of providingB. with providingC. to have providedD. to provide9. By the end of next month we ____this assignment.A. will finishB. will be finishingC. will have finishedD. have finished10. We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours ____miracle.A.is workingB. worksC. will be workingD. worked11. It was dark in the cave so she ____a match.A. struckB. hitC. firedD. burned12. Mary will not be able to come to the birthday party as she is ____with a cold.A. laid outB. laid upC. laid byD. laid down13. She often says her greatest happiness ____serving the handicapped children.A.relies onB. consists inC. composes ofD. comprises in14. To make this ____clear we shall have to look closely into biology’s lon g history.A.distinctionB. indicationC. recognitionD. constitution15. Most importantly, such an experience helps ____ a heightened sensitivity to other cultures and will bring about a greater appreciation of one’s own culture as well.A. coachB. forsakeC. fosterD.censor16. When Ann broke the dish she tried to put the ____ back together.A. fragmentsB. piecesC. bitsD. slices17. Jane tried to ____the doorman with money, but she failed.A. bribeB. corruptC. awardD. endow18. Classification is a useful____to the organization of knowledge in any field.A. meansB. approachC. modeD. manner19. The human race has already paid a heavy price for its slow ____ to environmental threats.A. responseB. responsibilityC. resolutionD. resistance20. We have a high regard for Prof. Joseph because he always ____ his principles.A. lives onB. lives up toC. lives throughD. lives with21. My grandfather accidentally ____ fire to the house.A.putB. tookC.setD. got22. We enjoyed the holiday____the expense.A.exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for23. If you want children to work hard you must ____their interests instead of their sense of duty.A. appeal toB. look intoC. give rise toD. go in for24. Basically a robot is a machine which moves, manipulates, joins or processes ____in the same way as human hand or arm.A. charactersB. componentsC.cataloguesD. collections25. Of course, talking about something which affects them personally is ____motivating for students.A. chieflyB. correctlyC. currentlyD. eminently全真模拟练习四1. It was requested that all of the equipment ____in the agreed time.A. erectedB. would be erectedC. be erectedD. will be erected2. The man sitting opposite me smiled dreamily, as if ____ something pleasant in the past.A. to rememberB. rememberedC. having been rememberedD. remembering3. I ____ him the Christmas gift by mail because he came home during the Christmas holidays.A. ought to have sentB. couldn’t have sentC. must have sentD. needn’t have sent4. It turned out that the children were not ____for the accident.A. to blameB. to be blamedC. to be blamingD. to have been blamed5. The desegregation was achieved through a number of struggles,____been mentioned in previous chapters.A. a few of whichB. a few of themC. a few of thoseD. a few of that6. Setting up a committee might be a way____the project more efficiently.A. to be doingB. doingC. to doD. being done7. It____to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.A.pains herB. makes her painC. is painingD. is pained8. Our boss, Mr. Thompson,____a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A.was promisingB. has been promisingC. promisedD. has promised9. He was determined to sail around the world ____his illness and old age.A. givenB. althoughC. despiteD. in spite10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these invitations ____ first thing tomorrow morning.A. had to be put in the mailB. must be put in the mailC. be put in the mailD. should have been put in the mail11.____drills that have no real topic have to remainas they are.A. ManufactureB. ManipulativeC. ManipulateD.Manifest12. This book has been in the works so long that I have lost ____of most of the sources found for me by the staff of the library.A. traceB. trailC. trackD. touch13. The elbows on your coat have worn thin, so I must ____them.A. mendB. patchC. repairD. pitch14. ____and wage increases have not kept in step.A. ProductionB. ProductC. ProduceD. Productivity15. People under stress have performed____feats of strength, like lifting an automobile off an accident victim.A. specificB. extraordinaryC. abruptD. abnormal16. Modern appliances____us from a good deal of household work.For instance, the dryer frees us from hanging the laundry.A.escape B . benefit C. liberate D. comfort17. The audience waited in____silence while their aged speaker searched among his note for the figures he could not remember.A. respectiveB. respectC. respectfulD. respectable18. The disappearance of her paper has never been ____.A. counted forB. looked upC.accounted forD. checked up19. When he was asked about the missing briefcase, the man ____ever seeing it.A. refusedB. deniedC. opposedD. resisted20. Communication between a young couple is a(n)____business.A. sharpB. dreadfulC. intenseD. delicate21. After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly ____ the little rain that fell last night.A. skippedB. soakedC. retrievedD. absorbed22. We’ll ____you as soon as we have any further information.A. notifyB. signifyC. communicateD. impart23. The fox fell into the____the hunters had set forit.A. bushB. trapC. trickD. circle24. I don’t know you want to keep the letter. I’ve ____it up.A. tornB. givenC. brokenD. disposed25. The old lady____and fell from the top of the stairs to the bottom.A. slidedB. slippedC. splitD. spilled全真模拟试题五1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always____with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.A. being combinedB. having combinedC. to combineD. combined2. Physics is the present day equivalent of ____used to be called natural philosophy, from ____ most of present day science arose.A. which, whatB. that, whichC. what, whichD. what, that3. On no account ____ever leave the baby at home alone.A. should youB. you shouldC. shall youD. you shall4. ____the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.A. It is the sun and not the earthB. That the sun and not the earthC. Being the sun and not the earthD. The sun and not the earth5. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it ____, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.A. was turned outB. was being turned outC. being turned outD. turned out6. I’d rather you ____by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow.A. wentB. should goC. will goD. go7. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until the rise of Nazism ____he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew.A. whenB. whoC. thenD. which8. Nowhere but in the remotest region of the country ____find a place to settle down.A. can heB. he canC. heD. for him to9. With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk,____run.A. let aloneB. that’s to sayC. not to speakD. not to mention10.____, she led a life of complete seclusion.A. Being disgracedB. DisgracedC. DisgracingD. She was disgraced11. Sometimes a bus ____gets on the bus to check the tickets.A. agentB. officerC. conductorD. inspector12. He made a quick ____from his illness.A. reliefB. recoveryC. survivalD. relaxation13.____the stress of examinations are over, we can all relax.A. WhileB. Even thoughC. Now thatD. For14. My cousi n Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose it’s because she is ____child.A. oneB. a loneC. a singleD. an only15.____the factors already referred to, people sometimes feel insecure because their motives are misunderstood by others.A. But forB. Except forC. Apart fromD. Except that16. If the scheme is ____carried out without waste of time or energy I shall be completely satisfied.A.relativelyB. noticeablyC. appropriatelyD. efficiently17. One day we all may find it useful to have a(n) ____for sending documents, writing any pictures across the telephone lines.A. receiverB. echoC. extensionD. facility18. To their credit the Department of Energy ____these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took overB. took onC. took upD. took to19. Feeling that she was in the right, she took ____at the dirty remark.A. protectionB. offenseC. defenseD. guard20. They agreed to share in common any ____of funds after all expenses were paid in full.A. sufficiencyB. surpassC. excessD. surplus21. He was ____her in intelligence.A. belowB. underC. beneathD. down22. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an ____ plan.A. brightB. cleverC. brilliantD. ingenious23. In the refining process, rice and flour lose much of their ____.A. acidB. alcoholC. vitaminD. sulphur24. Individual lines of the poem were very beautiful, but I didn’t see how the lines fit together. To me, the poem wasn’t ____.A. inherentB. coherentC. logicalD. corporate25. To an especially sensitive child, a simple scolding can be a ____experience.A. hystericalB. grievousC. graciousD. sensible全真模拟试题六1. All of the plants now farmed on a large scale were developed from plants ____wild.A. that once growB. once they growC. they once grewD. once grew2. By the time you graduate, we____in Australia for one year.A. will be stayingB. will have stayedC. would have stayedD. have stayed3. He appreciated____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature.A. having givenB. to have been givenC. to have givenD. having been given4. The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds ____his arguments in favor of the revision of the tax law.A.on which to baseB. which to be based onC. to base on whichD. on which to be based5. Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, ____ water shortage is the worst. A. not to mention B. of which C. let alone D. for what6. Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe ____it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A.so thatB. but thatC. provided thatD. in that7. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives,____stress.A.so isB. as it isC. and so isD. the same is8. Victor took a bus and headed for home, ____if his wife would have him back.A. not to knowB. not knownC. not knowingD. not having known9. We can make an exception ____.A.in any case of JohnB. in case of JohnC. in case of John’sD. in the case of John10. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in China, his father ___ college.A. attendedB. had been attendingC. was attendingD. has been attending11. My cat is a fussy eater, but my dog is so ____that she’ll swallow down anything that is put in front of her.A. indiscriminateB. choosyC. indefiniteD. picky12. “This house is more ____than the federal government!” Mac complained to his parents. “You have rules for everything.”A. systematicB. democraticC. bureaucraticD. public13. The American people’s ____of being polite is different from that held here in China.A. mindB. conceptC. considerationD. thought14. Well, that is probably all I can say about sports. Next time I’ll take up the topic of some other ____activities.A. refreshmentB. entertainmentC. pleasureD. leisure15. Where there is an earthquake, energy is ____in one area along a crack in the earth crust.A. repelledB. releasedC. runD. rushed16. The old gardener used to keep all his tools and do it yourself equipment in a ____in the garden.A. barnB. roomC. hutD. shed17. I’ve got a big coffee____on the front of my dress.A. poreB. patchC. stainD. grease18. She broke her leg, but the ____healed quickly.A. fractureB. injuryC. skeletonD. cavity19. You’d better add them up. I’m not good at ____.A. figuresB. charactersC. summariesD. counters20. The girl chose some very pretty ____paper for the present.A. coveringB. wrappingC. packingD.collecting21. The two scholars worked at the task of writing a preface to the new dictionary for three hours ____last night.A. at lengthB. in fullC. on endD. in time22. I can’t r ead the marks and notes Jim made in the margin. They are too____.A.faintB. foggyC. transparentD. misty23. A highly organized system of irrigation is ____Chinese agriculture.A. typical ofB. consistent withC. famous forD. subject to24. Jack is very ____about wines.A. awareB. knowledgeableC. learnedD. informed25. As for Ann, I am not sure about her ____in Italian.A. fluencyB. clarityC. coherenceD. excellency全真模拟试题七41. The reporters exposed the corruption of several senior officers in the government; consequently, these officers____to resign from office.A. have askedB. were askedC. had askedD. had been asked42. The train____ at the present speed until it reaches the nextci ty at about seven o’clock this evening.A. will be goingB. wentC. would goD. went43. Such____the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints.A. wasB. isC. is beingD. being44. I beg____ your nephew’s wed ding.A. to be excusedB. to be excused fromC. to excuse fromD. to be excused to45. The only candidate____ can hope to defeat him is quit now.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. when46. Humble____ it may be, there’s no place l ike home, ____hemay go.A. like, whenB. as, whereverC. although, whereD. which, wherever47. He ought to attend the meeting,____?A. should heB. ought heC. shouldn’t heD. oughtn’t he48. Mary is 18 years old this year;she ____19 next year.A. will beB. is to beC. is going to beD. should be49.Though it was late in the night,____ he continued to work vigorously.A. butB. yetC. andD. that50. The doctor advised him to stay in bed, saying he was much____.A. ill enoughB. too illC. so illD. very ill51. I was ____ study French yesterday, but I changed my mind.A. to be startingB. to startC. to have startedD. to have been starting52. You’d rather go to thea ter with him this evening, ____?A. are youB. hadn’t youC. isn’t itD. wouldn’t you53. ____that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar gas cloud.A. It is believedB. BelievingC. Being believedD. To believe54. One of the most spectacular qualities of man is notably his____to any kind of natural environment.A. tendencyB. adoptabilityC. adaptabilityD. availability55. I’m in no____now to g o to concert with you.A. moodB. intentionC. emotionD. sense56. The judger doesn’t know whether the witness is telling the truth, buthe will ____it.A. identifyB. enforceC. distinguishD. verify57. Before the plane ____, the pilot bailed out.A. clashedB. crashedC. smashedD. struck58. Doctors often make higher ____ for their works than they should.A. chargesB. billsC. costsD. payments59. Most of the earliest____into America came from Europe.A. migrantsB. emigrantsC. immigrantsD. inhabitants60. His name was on the____of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember.A. edgeB. rimC. borderD. tip61. I caught a____ of the name of the book before she put it into thedrawer. A. glimpse B. glance C. sight D. stare62. Once you become a soldier, you will be given a monthly____by thearmy. A. income B. allowance C. wageD. salary63. I called at his house but was refused____.A. admissionB. accessC. receptionD. admittance64. All too____it was time to go back to school after the Spring Festival.A. quickB. soonC. fastD. speedy65. He handled the company in____with his brother.A. combinationB. mixtureC. collaborationD. association全真模拟试题八41. He ____have been nervous because he didn’t go straight in.A. ought toB. mustC. shouldD. had to42. I am quite sure that I can ____ Michael into letting us use his car tomorrow.A. speakB. talkC. tellD. say43. Jean could be a very attractive girl but she____to her clothes. A. pays no attentionB. was paying no attentionC. paid no attentionD. had paid no attention44. When questioned by the interviewer, my mind went____, and I couldhardly remember my own date of birth.A. blankB. dimC. faintD. vain45. The textbook question as well as other issues is going to be discussed when the congress is in____again next spring.A. assemblyB. conventionC. conferenceD. session46. To drive a car safely, it is____good brakes.A. essential withB. essential havingC. essential to haveD. essential have47. As I regard it, you can widen the ____ of these improvements through your active participation.A. volumeB. dimensionC. magnitudeD. scope48. “Can you ride a horse?”“No, I never had the chance ____.”A. for learningB. for learning howC. how to learn itD. to learn how49. As electric lines were destroyed by the storm, they were forced to[CD#4] light for several days.A. go overB. go in forC. go withoutD. go out50. To survive in the intense market competition, we must____the qualities and varieties of products we make to the world-market demand.A. improveB. guaranteeC. gearD. enhance51. “Maria has blisters in her boots.”“She____walking such a long distance.”A. was used not toB. used toC. is not used toD. did not used to52. In ancient times people who were thought to have the ability to ____dreams were likely to be highly respected.A. impartB. inheritC. interpretD. intervene53. It was ____that we felt tired when we arrived.A. a so long travelB. such a long travelC. such a long journeyD. such a so long journey54.____his poor record in school, the board thinks that he should study hard.A. In spite ofB. In charge ofC. In view ofD. In case of55. “What authors do you like?”“Shakespeare is____.”A. favorite for meB. my favoriteC. for me the favoriteD. the favorite of mine56. We hadn’t expected a power cut so we were astonished when the whole house was ____into darkness.A. divedB. plungedC. drownedD. dropped57. Without a (an)____passport a tourist is forbidden to enter a country.A. operativeB. effectiveC. validD. efficient58. Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times,____was done.A. a few damagesB. few damagesC. little damageD. a little damage59. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____the expenses of the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about60. “Tina looks especially pretty tonight.” “Yes, she always looks her best in ____of that color.”A. dressB. a dress。