Queen Victoria’s Reign
维多利亚女王【英文介绍】
When she was three years old, she learnt to speak English and French.
When she was 21, Queen Victoria married her cousin – Albert of Saxe-Coburg Gotha. They married 10th February 1840 at Chapel Royal in St. James’s Palace.
Queen Victoria loved singing and enjoyed painting and drawing. She also loved going to the Opera.
Queen Victoria died on the 22nd January 1901 at Osborn House on Isle of Wigh lived in many houses. She lived in Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Osborn House and Balmoral Castle. She was the first monarch to live in Buckingham Palace.
Queen Victoria was born 24th May 1819. She was born at Kensington Palace, London. Her parents were Prince Edward and Princess Victoria Mary Louisa. She was christened as ‘Alexandrina Victoria’ but was known as Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria of Kent. Her nickname was Drina.
杰出的英国君主和他们的时代中的好句摘抄英文
杰出的英国君主和他们的时代中的好句摘抄英文1. Queen Elizabeth I's reign was marked by an era of prosperity and cultural advancement.伊丽莎白一世女王统治时期以繁荣和文化进步的时代为标志。
2. King Henry VIII's legacy is remembered for his tumultuous reign and his break with the Catholic Church.亨利八世国王的遗产因其动荡的统治和与天主教会的决裂而被人们铭记。
3. Queen Victoria's reign witnessed significant industrial and scientific advancements.维多利亚女王统治时期见证了重大的工业和科学进步。
4. King Edward VII was known for his affable personality and diplomatic skills.爱德华七世国王以其友善的个性和外交技巧而闻名。
5. Queen Elizabeth II is the longest-reigning British monarch in history.伊丽莎白二世女王是历史上在位时间最长的英国君主。
6. King James I's reign saw the publication of the famous King James Version of the Bible.詹姆斯一世国王统治时期出版了著名的《英王詹姆斯版圣经》。
7. Queen Mary I's reign was marked by her efforts to restore Catholicism in England.玛丽一世女王统治时期以她努力恢复英国天主教的努力而闻名。
维多利亚时代简介(权威英文版)
Major Poets of the Period
Lord Alfred Tennyson Robert Browning dramatic monologue Elizabeth Barret Browning Thomas Hardy
Victorian Poetry
Dramatic monologue – the idea of creating a lyric poem in the voice of a speaker ironically distinct from the poet is the great achievement of Victorian poetry.
England became wealthiest nation
As a result, the time of Victoria’s reign is often called the Victorian Age.
Victoria’s achievement
During the Victoria Age, great economic, social, and political changes occurred in Britain. Economically: Britain went through a period of rapid industrialization and enjoyed tremendous industrial expansion at home. Railroads and lands crisscrossed the country. Science and technology made great advances. Politically: It built a great colonial empire and the British Empire reaches its height and covered about the fourth of the world’s land.
维多利亚女王英语作文
维多利亚女王英语作文Queen Victoria, also known as the Empress of India, was the longest reigning monarch in British history. She ruled from 1837 until her death in 1901, a period known as the Victorian era. She was known for her strong sense of duty, her strict moral code, and her dedication to her role as queen.During her reign, Queen Victoria oversaw a period of great change and innovation in Britain. The Industrial Revolution transformed the country, leading to rapid urbanization and technological advancements. Victoria supported many of these changes, but also sought to maintain traditional values and institutions.One of Queen Victoria's most enduring legacies is the British Empire. Under her rule, the empire expanded to its greatest extent, with colonies and territories around the world. Victoria was crowned Empress of India in 1876, cementing Britain's control over the subcontinent.Despite her powerful position, Queen Victoria also faced personal challenges. She experienced great sorrow when herbeloved husband, Prince Albert, died in 1861. Victoria went into a period of deep mourning and wore black for the rest of her life. Despite this loss, she continued to fulfill her duties as queen and remained a respected figure in British society.Queen Victoria's reign was marked by both triumphs and tragedies, but she is remembered as a strong andinfluential leader who helped shape the modern world. Her legacy lives on in the many institutions and traditionsthat bear her name, and she remains a symbol of British strength and endurance.维多利亚女王，又称印度女皇，是英国历史上统治时间最长的君主。
Victoria 维多利亚女王
Introduction of Victoria
Widowhood:
Her husband, Prince Albert died on 14th of December 1861. Since the death of her husband, she was isolated and she wore black for the remainder of her life.
The first wave:People's Charter of 1838
In 1837,workers in London, organized in the London Working Men’s Association, submitted a petition to Parliament as a result of widespread dissatisfaction with the Reform Bill of 1832 and the poor Law of 1834.
Introduction of Victoria
Early Reign:
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女王英文翻译
女王英文翻译Queen (Female Monarch)Queen is a title given to a female monarch or ruler of a country. The word "queen" has its origin in Old English, which means "wife, consort, or woman of noble birth." It is derived from the Germanic word "kwoeniz," which later turned into "queen" in Middle English.Throughout history, there have been many influential queens who have left their mark on the world. One notable queen is Queen Elizabeth I of England. She reigned from 1558 until her death in 1603 and is often referred to as the "Virgin Queen" or the "Gloriana." Queen Elizabeth I is remembered for bringing stability and prosperity to England during her reign. She also played a significant role in establishing the Church of England as the state religion.Another famous queen is Queen Victoria, who was the queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 until her death in 1901. Queen Victoria's reign is known as the Victorian era, which was a time of great expansion and progress for the British Empire. Queen Victoria is often associated with the values of family, morality, and domesticity.In modern times, Queen Elizabeth II is the current queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. She ascended to the throne in 1952 and has since become the longest-reigning current monarch. Queen Elizabeth II is admired for her dedication and service to her country and her role as a symbol of stability andcontinuity.Being a queen carries with it various responsibilities and duties. Queens often act as the head of state, representing their country on a national and international level. They also play roles in ceremonial and diplomatic events, as well as in the governance of their nations. In some cases, queens have wielded significant political power, while in others, they have been more symbolic figures of national unity.In conclusion, queens have played an essential role in history and continue to do so in the present. They are powerful figures who have influenced their nations and left a lasting impact. The title of queen is a symbol of leadership and strength, representing the achievements and responsibilities of women throughout history.。
From“Angel in the House”to“He For She”UN Women Glo
From“Angel in the House”to“He For She”UN Women Global Goodwill Ambassador作者：李华来源：《校园英语·中旬》2014年第11期【摘要】“家中天使”是英国诗人考文垂.帕特莫尔在十九世纪中叶发表的一首诗，他在诗中描绘了维多利亚时代的极具耐心、自我牺牲的理想妻子的形象，反映了在那个时代的女性角色就是在家中相夫教子作贤妻良母。
妇女运动发展到二十一世纪，英国女演员艾玛·沃森做上了“他支持她”运动的联合国世界妇女亲善大使，承担起了争取两性平等权利的重要职责，她现身说法发表了一篇鼓舞人心的演讲，呼吁世界女性要表现出完整而真实的自我，这样才能生活得更加自由。
【关键词】“家中天使” 女性角色维多利亚时代“他支持她” 两性平等【Abstract】“Angel in the House” comes from the title of an immensely popular poem by Coventry Patmore in the19th century when depicting an ideal image of wife whose traditional role is to be devoted and submissive to her family in Victorian Era.With Feminist Movement marching into the 21st century，UK actress Emma Watson becomes a goodwill ambassador for “He For She” UN women global movement playing a positive role of fighting for gender equality.By telling her own experiences she delivers an inspiring speech calling for women to make more true and complete version of themselves so as to live more freely.【Key words】“The Angel in the House”； wife's role； Victorian Era；“He For She”；gender equality“Angel in the house” was originally a poem written by Coventry Patmore （1823-1896） who was a librarian by profession， and an Anglican by creed， but he later converted to Catholicism.Inspired by his new religion， he composed some of his best religious poetry.From childhood to grave Patmore believed that he had obligations to celebrate married love.In 1854 the first part of the long poem “The Angel in the House” appeared， and the complete poem was published in 1863.For Patmore， his wife Emily represented all that was perfect about a Victorian wife and head of the home.Following the publication of Patmore's poem， the term Angel in the House came to be used in reference to women who embodied the Victorian feminine ideal： a wife and mother who was selflessly devoted to her children and submissive to her husband.The popular Victorian image of the ideal wife or woman came to be “The Angel in the House” who was passive and powerless， meek，charming， graceful， sympathetic， self-sacrificing， pious， and above all-pure.Though the poemdid not receive much attention when it was first published in 1854， it became increasingly popular through the rest of the nineteenth century and continued to be influential into the twentieth century.What were women's roles in Victorian Era？ Queen Victoria's reign （1837-1901） was a period of intensive industrialization， urbanization， and social change during which a woman's place was in the home， as domesticity and motherhood were considered by society at large to be a sufficient emotional fulfillment for females.In the 19th century upper class and middle class women were not expected to earn their own living.women rarely had careers and most professions refused entry to women.Women played a central role of irresponsibility and domesticity， and the ideal of femininity was entailed in the idea of a “woman's mission”， which was that of playing a model mother， wife and daughter.The qualities a young Victorian gentle woman needed， were to be innocent， virtuous， dutiful and be ignorant of intellectual opinion.As the mid-Victorian boom got underway the demand for female and juvenile labor expanded.Urbanization created manifold opportunities for female employment.Thus most women in Victorian society， in the two thirds of the population below the upper and middle classes， worked for wages.Women's work was often part-time， casual， and not regarded as important enough to declare.With the emphasis primarily upon their role as wives and mothers， women workers did not usually see their occupation as a centrally defining characteristic of their lives， and therefore frequently failed to declare it.Women provided a flexible， cheap and adaptive workforce for factories and sweatshops， and had feminine skills associated with some of the most rapidly expanding consumer goods industries at the forefront of industrialization such as textiles， pottery and clothing.But working women had to shoulder the double burden of waged work and the bulk of household responsibilities， and where their role in politics remained marginal.They still lived the stereotyped role in Victorian society， struggling for more fair treatment in employment.On September 25 2014， Emma Watson the 24-year-old Harry Potter star was giving a very inspiring speech calling for men to play a greater role in ending gender inequality after she joined forces with UN women to launch the He For She organization.“He For She” is described as a “solidarity movement for gender equality that brings together one half of humanity in support of the other of humanity，for the entirety of humanity.” The UN Women He For She campaign aims to get 100，000 men and boys involved in the fight to achieve gender equality.At the United Nations headquarters， Emma revealed the sexism she has experienced throughout her life，saying it started at the age of eight when she was branded “bossy” for wanting to direct school plays.She continued：“At 15 my girlfriends started dropping out of thei r sports teams because they didn't want to appear 'masculine'...at 18 my male friends were unable to express their feelings.”But she illustrated the reality that “No country in the world can yet say that they have achieved gender equality.”So she said，“Men— I would like to take this opportunity to extend your formal invitation.Gender equality is your issue too.”Then she continued to suggest that“If men don’t have to be aggressive in order to be accepted，women won’t feel compelled to be submissive.If men d on’t have to control，women won’t have to be controlled.Both men and women should feel free tobe sensitive.Both men and women should feel free to be strong… It is time that we all perceive gender on a spectrum instead of two sets of opposing ideals.”Just as the head of UN Women Phumzile Mlambo Ngcuka said，“Our main goal of He For She is to increase the involvement of men and boys in the struggle to achieve gender equality.It cannot be that women will do this alone， it remains an important women's issue that requires the whole of society， men and women， to be involved.”Along with Emma， they called on the world's fathers， sons， husbands and brothers to stand up and support equality for women in all areas of life.According to Inter-Parliamentary Union less that 22 percent of parliamentarians are women.There are also still 100 countries with laws that prevent women's meaningful involvement in the economy.Projections indicate that if things don't change it will take 95 years to achieve gender equality， and by 2020 and some 140，000 girls will be forced into child marriage.Those facts all indicate that gender equality still takes longer to be completely achieved.From ideal domestic women who are dedicated to family to modern professional woman advocating for gender equality issues taken into consideration by both sexes， women's movement has undergone a long period of struggle against social stereotype and prejudice.Despite great achievement， there is still a long way to go to attain the goal of gender equality and freedom as women must first make a more true and complete version of themselves in various walks of life.References：[1]Anastasia Blackwood.The Roles of Women in the Victorian Era.http：///info_8104861_roles-women-victorian-era.html.[2]Mei Renyi.2006.Contemporary College English V.P.61.Beijing： Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.。
英国历史2
汉诺威王朝(House of Hanover) 1714~1917
Britain changes from a rural society to an urban one. ）
Then the industry revolution and factory system spreபைடு நூலகம்d to the United States and the rest of Europe.
哈格里夫斯的珍妮纺纱机 James Hargreaves’ spinning Jenny
汉诺威王朝(House of Hanover) 1714~1917
Jersey Wheel 旧式纺车
汉诺威王朝(House of Hanover) 1714~1917
Drawing of Arkwright’s water frame
3.Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species （物 种起源）was published in 1859
4.by 1850, a nation-wide railway system had been constructed.
汉诺威王朝(House of Hanover) 1714~1917
Major events During Queen Victoria's reign
5. the London Underground was the world's first undergroud railway with its first line opened in 1863. 6. in 1882, incandescent electric lights(白炽灯) were introduced to London streets. 7. the Opium War started.
英国文学维多利亚时期全集ppt课件
❖ (2) Background: developed rapidly both politically & economically (capitalism first took shape, agricultural to industrial society
❖ The Early Victorian Period (1832-1848)
Chapter III Victorian Novels
❖ the novel became the dominant genre
❖ Plot is unfolded against a social background
❖ “linear causation”: cause-effect sequence
❖ The worsening living & working conditions, the mass unemployment & the new Poor Law of 1834 finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement (1836-1848).
❖ They offer a most complete & realistic picture of English society of his age & remain the highest achievement in the 19thcentury English novel.
❖ In nearly all his novels, behind the gloomy pictures of oppression & poverty, behind the loud humor & buffoonery 滑稽, is his gentleness, his simple faith in mankind.
维多利亚女王 Alexandrina Victoria
维多利亚女王Alexandrina Victoria （1819年5月24日—1901年1月22日) 维多利亚女王英国历史上在位时间最长的君主，在位时间长达64年。
她是第一个以“大不列颠和爱尔兰联合王国女王和印度女皇”名号称呼的英国君主。
她在位的64年期间（1837-1901年），是英国最强盛的所谓“日不落帝国”时期。
女王统治时期，在英国历史上被称为维多利亚时代。
她在位的60余年英国经济、文化空前繁荣，使维多利亚女王成了英国和平与繁荣的象征。
Queen Victoria was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she had the additional title of Empress of India. Her reign of 63 years and 7 months, which is longer than that of any other British monarch and the longest of any female monarch in history, is known as the Victorian era. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire.1819年5月24日，维多利亚降生在伦敦.她只有8个月大时，一向健壮的父亲突患肺炎去世。
留给妻儿的只是沉重的债务。
从此家里开始节俭度日。
The Victorian Age英国文学维多利亚时期
1837年维多利亚女王即位时，英国已经完成了资本主义工业革命， 为了满足国家寻找原料地和销售市场的要求，英国开始在世界各地建立 殖民地和自治领。1840年英国占领了新西兰，这标志着英国在全世界的 殖民体系形成。英国对中国的野心由来已久。英国与中国的贸易最早始 于茶叶、丝绸的贸易；但是这些商品是英国市场上的奢侈品，而中国自 给自足的经济体制使得英国的工业革命的产品毫无用武之地。为了扭转 对华贸易逆差，英国商人开始在英国政府的支持下倾销鸦片。1839年， 林则徐在虎门销烟，极大程度上打击了英国政府的倾销政策，1840年初， 维多利亚女王在议会上发表了著名的演说，呼吁“为了大英帝国的利 益”，向中国发动战争。第一次鸦片战争遂始。
• The Chartist Movement (1836-1848 )was organized by the English workers in big cities and brought forth the People’s Charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. The movement brought some improvement to the welfare of the working class. It was the first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.
The Victorian age (1832-1901)
◆ Historical Situation Reign of Queen Victoria: 1837-1901
英语国家概况之英国时间线
Hundreds of years ago, Britain didn't have just one king - it had lots! Celtic kings and princes ruled Scotland, Ireland and Wales, and everything else was divided up between tribes of Anglo-Saxons.Each tribe had its own king. Sometimes one king became more powerful than the others, and for a while he would be overlord or chief king.Then in early 800s, bands of Danish Vikings from northern Europe began attacking Britain. In 878, the Saxon King of Wessex, Alfred the Great won a great battle against the Danes and forced them to agree to peace. Much of Britain was divided into Danish land (the Danelaw) and Anglo-Saxon Land (England).Gradually the Danes and the Saxons learned to live together and in 924 Athelstan (Alfred's grandson) became king of both Saxon and Danish lands - the first 'King of England'. But England wasn't peaceful for long. After about 60 years, the Viking raids began again - and only ended in 1016, when the Danish King, Canute, became King of England.The longest reigning monarch is Queen Victoria who reigned for 63 years.The present queen has reigned for more than 50 years.Only five other kings and queens in British history have reigned for 50 years or more. These are:Timeline of the Kings and Queens of EnglandKingdomfrom 1603 to the present dayUntil 1603 the English and Scottish Crowns were separate.The NormansKing William I, the Conqueror 1066 - 1087Invaded England from Normandy. Defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings .In 1085 the Doomsday Survey was begun and all England was recorded so William knew exactly what his new kingdom contained. The Domesday Book was, in effect, the first national census.The Doomsday BookWhen William died his lands were divided between his eldest two sons. Robert inherited Normandy, while William became king of England.King William II, Rufus 1087 - 1100Son of William I. He was called William Rufus or William the Redbecause of the reddish colour of his hair and complexion. He was killed in the New Forest by a stray arrow while out hunting, maybe accidentally, there is some doubt about this. The Rufus Stone in The New Forest marks the spot where he fell.King Henry I 1100 - 1135The fourth and youngest son of William I. Henry's two sons were drowned so his daughter Matilda was made his successor. When Henry died the Council considered a woman unfit to rule so offered the throne to Stephen, a grandson of William I.King Stephen 1135 - 1154Nephew of Henry I and grandson of William l. The Welsh and Scots invaded. Civil war followed between King Stephen and Matilda, Henry I's daughter. A compromise was decided, Matilda's son, Henry Plantagenet, was to be king when Stephen died.Empress Matilda 1141Daughter of Henry I.England's first female monarch. She was called the Empress because her dead husband had been the German Emperor. She had a very badtemper and wasn't very popular.The PlantagenetsThe Plantagenets were a huge powerful family not just in England but throughout Europe.King Henry II 1154 - 1189Son of Matilda and grandson of Henry I. Came to the throne at just 21. He ruled for thirty-four years, but spent only fourteen of them in England. He controlled more of France than the King of France.Thomas Becket was Henry II's Chancellor before the king made him Archbishop of Canterbury, even though he had never been a priest. Henry is mostly remembered for his quarrel with Thomas A Becket, and Becket's subsequent murder in Canterbury Cathedral on 29th December 1170. Henry's eldest son, also called Henry, died before his father so in 1189 his second son, Richard, succeeded to the throne.King Richard I the Lionheart 1189 - 1199Third and eldest surviving son of Henry II. He was in England for only ten months, spending the other time fighting in the *Crusades. He spoke very little English.He is usually depicted as a brave, warrior king, and was given the nickname 'Lionheart'.Richard had no children, so the next king was his brother John.*The Crusades were a series of nine religious wars waged from 1095 to liberate the Holy Land from Islamic rule.King John 1 1199 - 1216Fourth child of Henry II and brother of Richard l.Responsible for the Magna Carta (Great Charter) giving justice to all.King Henry III 1216 - 1272Eldest son of John I. Henry was 9 years old when he became king. His reign lasted fifty-six years, making it the longest of any English monarch (NB not British monarch)In 1264 Henry was captured during a civil war and was forced to set up a 'Parlement' (from the French "parler", to talk) at Westminster, the start of the House of Commons.He rebuilt Westminster Abbey.King Edward I 1272 - 1307Eldest son of Henry III. Edward 'Longshanks' (so called because he was over 6ft tall) fought wars against the Scots King Robert the Bruce and was called 'the hammer of the Scots'. Edward formed the Model Parliament in 1295, bringing together the knights, clergy, nobilityand burgesses of the cities, bringing Lords and Commons together for the first time.King Edward II 1307 - 1327Son of Edward I. He was called Edward of Carnarvon after his birthplace in Wales. Edward's wife raised an army to take over the Kingdom. He was murdered in gaol.King Edward III 1327 - 1377Son of Edward II. Edward came to the throne at the age of 14. He fought many battles against the Scots and the French. Set up the Order of the Garter. The outbreak of bubonic plague, the 'Black Death' in 1348-1350 killed half the population of England.The Black PrinceEdward's lll's eldest son was also called Edward. He was known as the Black Prince because of the colour of his armour.Richard II 1377 - 1399Son of Edward the Black Prince and grandson of EdwardIII. Richard ruled at the time of Chaucer the poet.His cousin, Henry IV, had him murdered in prison to takeover the throne.The House of LancasterHenry IV 1399 - 1413Henry was eldest son of John of Gaunt (fourth son of Edward III) and grandson of Edward III. He came to the English throne by force. He made his cousin Richard ll, abdicate, and then seized the crown himself. This started a dispute between the House of Lancaster and the House of York.Henry died of leprosy in 1413.Henry's coronation on 13 October 1399 was the first occasion after the Norman Conquest when the monarch made an address in English.Henry V 1413 - 1422Son of Henry IV. He was the first English king who could read and write easily in English.Henry was 14 years old when he fought his first battle.He fought the French in the battle of Agincourt and won. Died at the age of 35.Henry VI 1422 - 1461, 1470 - 1471Henry succeeded the throne when he was only 9 months old.He was crowned King of France at Notre Dame in Paris on 16 December 1431. He lost the English claim to all French soil except for Calais.He was very ill during his reign.The war of the roses began between the House of Lancaster and the House of York.He founded Eton College in 1440.He was murdered in the Tower of London a few days after the Yorkist' victory in the Wars of Roses at Tewkesbury.The House of YorkKing Edward IV 1461 -1470, 1471 - 1483Came to the throne in 1461 after defeating Henry Vl at the Battle of Towton, in Yorkshire. He was just 19 years old. Tried to bring peace to the country. During his reign the first printing press was established in Westminster by William Caxton.King Edward V 1483 - 1483Elder son of Edward IV. He reigned for only two months.He and his brother Richard were murdered in the Towerof London. He was only about 12 years old when he died.Tower of LondonKing Richard III 1483 - 1485Younger brother of Edward IV and prime suspect to the suspected murders of the two princes, Edward and Richard.He was killed in battle against Henry Tudor (Henry VII) ending the Wars of the Roses. He was the last English King to die on the Battlefield.The Tudors(Find out more about the Tudors)King Henry VII 1485 - 1509Henry gained the throne when he defeated and killed Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. The battle ended the War of the Roses, a dispute between the House of Lancaster and the House of York.Kept England peaceful and brought riches to the crown and country.King Henry VIII1509 - 1547Second son of Henry VII. Henry succeeded to the throne because his elder brother Arthur died in 1502. His first wife, Catherine of Aragon, was Arthur's wife.The best known fact about Henry VIII is that he had six wives! Argued with the Pope and made himself the head of the new 'Church of England'.Most school children learn the following rhyme to help them remember the fate of each wife: "Divorced, Beheaded, Died: Divorced, Beheaded, Survived".King Edward VI 1547 - 1553Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour.He was never a healthy King and died aged only 15 years.Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary) 1553 - 1558Daughter of Henry VIII and Katharine of Aragón.Married Philip II of Spain. Wanted to make England Catholic again. Killed many who opposed her which is why she is remembered as Bloody Mary.Queen Elizabeth I 1558 - 1603Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.During her reign great adventurers discovered many new lands. Fought off the Spanish Armada.Named James VI of Scotland her heir, uniting the two countries Scotland and England.Elizabeth I was the last ever Queen of England. From now on the monarch, although living in England, would be known as the Monarch of the United Kingdom.The StuartsThe Stuarts were the first kings of the United Kingdom.James I 1603 - 1625When James became King of England, he was already a king - King James VI of Scotland. He was the first monarch to rule both countries and the first to call himself 'King of Great Britain'. However it was not until 1707 that an act of Parliament formally brought the two countries together.James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. He had been King of Scotland for twenty-nine years when he acceded to the English throne.James married Anne of Denmark.In 1605 the Gunpowder Plot was hatched: Guy Fawkes and his friends, Catholics, tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament, but were captured before they could do so.The Gun Powder PlotJames authorised the translation of the King James Bible. He also had Sir Walter Raleigh executedCharles I 1625 - 1649Second son of James I.He was not brought up to be king, but his elder brother, Henry, died of Typhoid at the age of 18.Married Henrietta Maria of France.Fought against the Parliament leading to civil war.Was executed as a result on 30 January 1649.The English Civil War (1642 - 51)The war began in 1642 when, after seeing his rights as king slashed by Parliament, Charles miscalculated by swarming into the Palace of Westminster with several hundred soldiers to arrest five Members of Parliament and a peer he accused of treason. They all escaped, but London was scandalized and the king was forced to flee the city.The war between the Roundheads (supporters of parliament) and the Cavaliers (supporters of the King) began.The Civil War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with first the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then with a Protectorate (1653–1659), under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector.England became a Republic for eleven yea rs from 1649 - 1660.At first England was ruled by Parliament, but in 1653, Oliver Cromwell, commander of the army, became Lord Protector of England. He held his post until his death in 1658 (when his son briefly took over). Cromwelldid not want to be king and refused the crown when it was offered tohim.The Commonwealth - declared May 19th 1649 ∙Oliver Cromwell (1653-58)∙Richard Cromwell (1658-59)The Stuarts line Restored (The Restoration)Charles II 1660 - 1685Son of Charles I. He was crowned King of Scotland in 1651. When Richard Cromwell lost the confidence of Parliament and abdicated, Charles returned to London in time for his thirtieth birthday and to rule Great Britain (Scotland, England and Wales).Charles saw London recover from the Plague (1665) and Great Fire (1666). Many new buildings were built at this time. St. Paul's Cathedral was built by Sir Christopher Wren and also many churches still to be seen today.The Great Fire of LondonJames II 1685 - 1688Younger brother of Charles II. James was 15 when his father was executed. He escaped to France in 1648, disguised as a girl.Whilst king, James tried to force people to follow his Roman Catholic faith. He was very unpopular because of his persecution of the Protestants, and he was hated by the people. He was forced to give up the crown in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.Parliament asked William of Orange to take the throne.William III 1688 - 1702 and Queen Mary II 1688 - 1694Mary, daughter of James II and her Dutch husband were invited to be King and Queen following James abdication.Queen Anne 1702 - 1714Sister of Mary II, the second daughter of James II.Married George of Denmark.All of her 17 children died.1707 Act of Union between Scotland and England formed Great Britain. Last Stuart sovereign.The House of HanovariansAnne died without leaving an heir, succession to the throne passed to Sophia's son George of Hanover.King George I 1714 - 1727Son of Sophia and great-grandson of James I.The first German king of England made little effort to learn the language and customs of the country and communicated with his ministers in French. He spent much of his reign in Hanover.Sir Robert Walpole became England's first Prime Minister.King George II 1727 - 1760Son of George IPreferred Germany to England, but learned to speak English, unlike his father. He was the last English King to appear on the battlefield - against the French at the Battle of Dettingen in 1743.King George III 1760 - 1820George III was the first Hanoverian monarch to be born in England. He was the son of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales, and grandson of George II. George III ruled for 50 years and fathered 15 children. Australia was colonised. His reign was the age of some of the greatest names in English literature - Jane Austen, Byron, Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth. It was also the time of great statesmen like Pitt and Fox and great captains like Wellington and Nelson.In 1773 the 'Boston Tea Party' was the first sign of the troubles that were to come in America. The American Colonies proclaimed their independence on July 4th 1776.The 1790s saw the French Revolution. The wars with France continued until Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo in 1815.King George IV 1820 - 1830Eldest son of George III.He became Prince Regent while his father was very ill.Built Brighton Pavilion.King William IV 1830 - 1837Third son of George IIIBecame known as the "Sailor King" after joining the navy from just 13 years old. During his reign England abolished slavery in the colonies in 1833.Queen Victoria1837 - 1901She was the daughter of Edward, duke of Kent (fourth son ofGeorge III) and a niece of George IV and William lV.She married Albert of Saxe - Coburg Gotha. Ruled during theindustrial revolution. The British Empire became powerful, rich and confident. When Victoria died in 1901, after the longest reign in English history, the British Empire and British world power had reached their highest point. She had 9 children, 40 grand-children and 37 great-grandchildren, scattered all over Europe.Find out more about Victoria's reignKing Edward VII 1901 - 1910The eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Edward was created Prince of Wales almost immediately after his birth.He married Alexandra of Denmark and kept Europe at peace duringhis life. He was known as Edward the Peacemaker. He enjoyed fine food and horse racing.The House of WindsorKing George V 1910 - 1936Second son of Edward VIIRuled Britain during First World War 1914 - 1918.During his reign women were allowed to vote for the first time.Sinn Fein Easter Rising in 1916 led to independent Parliament in Ireland in 1918.King Edward VIII June 1936 - abdicated December 1936Eldest son of George V. Ruled for just 325 days.Abdicated to marry Mrs Wallis Simpson, as he was not able to marry a divorced woman and become King. Mrs. Simpson was an American, a divorcee and had two husbands still living.King George VI 1936 - 1952Second son of George V and the shy brother of Edward VIII.He didn't expect to become King. Ruled during World WarTwo and refused to leave London during the blitz. The two Princesses, Elizabeth and Margaret, spent the war years at Windsor Castle. The post-war years of his reign were ones of great social change and saw the start of the National Health Service. The whole country flocked to the Festival of Britain held in London in 1951Queen Elizabeth II 1952 - present dayElder daughter of George VI.On Nov. 20, 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, duke of Edinburgh. They were in Kenya (en route for a tour of Australia and New Zealand) when theking died (Feb. 6, 1952) and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne. Her coronation, on June 2, 1953, was the first to be televised.Queen Elizabeth II is the 40th monarch (King or Queen) since William the Conqueror obtained the crown of England in 1066.21。
关于女王的英文句子
关于女王的英文句子：以下是十个关于女王的英文句子：1. The queen hosted a garden party at Buckingham Palace to honor members of the military.2. Queen Victoria reigned for 63 years, the longest reign of any British monarch.3. The queen's birthday is celebrated annually with boom in London's Green Park.4. The queen inspects the Guard of Honor on state visits to other countries.5. The queen played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Commonwealth.6. The queen's christening took place in the Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace.7. The queen wears a tiara for state occasions and important events.8. The queen is patron of numerous charities and organizations across the UK.9. The queen delivers her Christmas message to the nation each year on TV and radio.10. The queen's golden and diamond jubilees were celebrated with extensive events and parties across the UK.11. The queen presided over the state banquet with grace and dignity.12. Queen Elizabeth II was crowned in 1953.13. The queen's Speech at the opening of Parliament is a important tradition.14. The queen has met many world leaders during her reign.15. The queen is a symbol of stability and continuity for the UK.。
维多利亚时代的价值观【英文】
Victorian society was
distinctly Christian They placed a high value on personal modesty and on “gravity”
Victorian Attitudes and Values
Victorian values included a strict moral code and an
fever, influenza, tuberculosis
Little was known about
disease or hygiene Prior to the discovery of germs and antiseptics, doctors often infected patients during operations
and substantial
Indication of importance
Large houses were also
necessary because large families were common Victorians loved decorated furniture, heavy curtains, and knick-knacks The poor lived in small houses in the poorer sections of town
obsession with social status
Occupation and social standing was determined by family background and social connections
They were also materialistic The Victorian era was not grim, but very optimistic
维多利亚女王(中文版)
1956年7月，埃及总统纳赛尔宣布把英国和法国掌握的 苏伊士运河公司收回。英、法帝国主义为了重新霸占苏伊 士运河，和伙同以色列于同年十月底发动对埃及的侵略战 争。埃及人民奋勇抗战，得到全世界人民和各国舆论的坚 决有力的支持，终于在1 1月6日迫使英、法和以色列同意停 火，随后相继撤军，埃及人民取得反对帝国主义侵略、捍 卫国家独立和主权斗争的光辉胜利。
维多利亚女王性格鲜明，秉性真挚。她忠于职守，具 有治国之才；她不仅把时光消磨在工作上，也消磨在为家 务操劳上；她忠于自己的丈夫，对子女要求严格，成为一 代楷模。她的不懈努力，不仅使英国的文学，艺术、科学 昌盛，经济繁荣，英国的生活方式（如英国贵族的下午茶） 也从那时候开始成为世界各国人民所追逐仿效的对象。 「维多利亚时代」被许多英国人所怀念。
1840.6 12)
8
(1841.8～1842.8) 英国政府对义律在广州所获侵略权益尚嫌太少，乃 改派璞鼎查(Henry Pottinger)为全权代表来华，扩大侵略。1841年8月21 日，璞鼎查率舰船37艘、陆军2500人离香港北上，攻破福建厦门，占据 鼓浪屿。旋北进浙江，10月1日攻陷定海(1841年2月，英军以疾疫流行， 放弃定海)，10日陷镇海(今属宁波)，13日占宁波。时英军兵力不足，遂 停止进攻，等待援军。
英国文化之——欧洲祖母 维多利亚女王
演讲人：苗婷 制作者：朱宸岑，崔硕，符星，陈银娇
在英国历史上，有一位在位时间长达64年的君主， 她开创了一个属于她的“维多利亚时代”。她的9个子 女，一个成为了英国国王，4个成为了其他王国的王后， 她的外孙一辈中有德国皇帝，也有俄国沙皇的皇后， 欧洲人称她为“欧洲的祖母”，英国人称她为“仙女 王”。她就是19世纪“日不落帝国”的掌舵人——维 多利亚女王。
维多利亚女王英语作文
维多利亚女王英语作文Queen Victoria's reign was a transformative period in British history, marked by significant social, political, and economic changes that shaped the course of the nation. As the longest-reigning monarch in British history, Queen Victoria's influence and legacy continue to be felt even today.Born in 1819, Victoria ascended to the throne at the young age of 18 following the death of her uncle, King William IV. Her reign, which spanned over 63 years, was a testament to her unwavering dedication and commitment to her role as the sovereign of the United Kingdom. During her time as queen, Victoria oversaw the expansion of the British Empire, the industrial revolution, and the emergence of the country as a global superpower.One of the defining characteristics of Queen Victoria's reign was her strong sense of duty and responsibility. She took her role as the head of state very seriously and worked tirelessly to ensure the smooth running of the government and the well-being of her subjects. Victoria was known for her diligence and attention to detail, oftenimmersing herself in the day-to-day affairs of the state and carefully considering the implications of her decisions.The Victorian era, named after the queen, was a period of significant social and cultural change. The industrial revolution transformed the country's economy, leading to the rise of a new middle class and the growth of urban centers. Victoria embraced these changes and sought to promote the values of hard work, morality, and family life. She was a strong advocate for education and the arts, supporting the establishment of numerous cultural institutions and encouraging the development of British literature, music, and architecture.One of the most significant aspects of Queen Victoria's reign was her role in shaping the British monarchy. She was instrumental in restoring the public's faith in the monarchy, which had been tarnished by the excesses and scandals of previous monarchs. Victoria's personal life and her relationship with her husband, Prince Albert, were widely celebrated, and she became a symbol of domestic bliss and traditional family values.Victoria's reign was not without its challenges, however. The expansion of the British Empire led to increased global tensions and conflicts, and the queen was often called upon to navigate these complex geopolitical situations. She was also faced with personal tragedies, such as the death of her beloved husband, whichprofoundly affected her and led to a period of deep mourning and seclusion.Despite these challenges, Queen Victoria remained a steadfast and influential figure throughout her reign. She was a champion of social and political reforms, supporting the abolition of slavery, the expansion of women's rights, and the improvement of living conditions for the working class. Her legacy as a monarch who prioritized the well-being of her people and the stability of the nation is one that continues to inspire and influence modern-day leaders.The Victorian era was a time of great change and transformation, and Queen Victoria's role in shaping this period cannot be overstated. Her unwavering dedication to her duties, her commitment to her family and her subjects, and her vision for a more prosperous and equitable society have cemented her place in history as one of the most influential and significant monarchs in British history.。
Women in Victorian era (维多利亚时代的女性)
Women as Educationally Unequal
Women were supposed to know the things necessary to bring up their children and to keep house. Subjects as history, geography and general literature were of extreme importance. Women who wanted to study such subjects as law, physics, engineering, science or art were satirized and dismissed.
If women had affairs with other men?
Women who had affairs with other men would be considered unclean. If men found out that their wife had been unclean in some way, they would kick their wives out of the house. In fact, being unclean was considered a generally acceptable reason for a man to divorce his wife.
Believing that his wife was the perfect Victorian wife, he wrote “The Angel in the House” about her (in 1854), which became increasingly popular through the rest of the 19th century and continued to be influential into the 20th century. The following excerpt will give us a sense of the ideal woman and the male-female relationship presented by Patmore’s poem: Man must be pleased; but him to please Is woman’s pleasure; down the gulf Of his condoled (同情或悲伤) necessities She casts her best, she flings herself. How often flings for naught, and yokes Her heart to an icicle (感情淡薄的人) or whim, Whose each impatient word provokes Another, not from her, but him;
英语短篇小说
short story:a short story is relatively a brief fictional narrative in prose.fiction: a narrative told in prose.openending: in contrast to closed ending which close the story with a real end, open-ended stories can provide excellent creative writing motivation, leaving room and space for readers to imagine and create.point of view: it is the vantage point (有利位置) from which events are presented.Setting:it refers to the geographic location and the historical period in which a literary work is set.setting>background theme>subjectcharacter:character means the features and trait that form the individual nature of a person, and by extension, refers to one who typifies some definite quality.flatcharacter:it is constructed around a single idea or quality.methods of characterization:Directly; Indirectly; The presentation of character’s mind.Story: it is a narrative following a series of happening in time order.Plot: it is a narrative with an emphasis on falling on causality.Flashback(倒叙):The writer may not present the story’s event in strict time sequence.He may plunge readers into back into the middle of the things, or choose to begin from the ending part and then move back into the past to reconstruct the events that lead up to the final outcome. Style: It is the typical way a writer presents his language, the individual personality in the work. Tone: The notion of speaking voice in which we express attitude.Romanticism: A source of illumination of the world；Heart over Head；Imagination/emotion over logic and reason.Irony(反讽):Irony is created by what is said and what readers believe to be true.Is “setting” the same as “background”? No. “Background” just refers to the time and the place. “setting” can mean more than “background”.Can we readers trust the narrator all the time ? Why or why not? No. Because a narrator of a story may be reliable or unreliable, objective or subjective, fair or partial, sympathetic or detached(超脱的）, simple or sophisticated（老练的）, ignorant or insightful（富有洞察力的）.The Gilded Age: 镀金时代In American history, the Gilded Age refers to the era of rapid economic and population growth in the United States during the post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras of the late 19th century. But to open lands west of the Mississippi River to white settlers, the Plains Indians were pushed in a series of Indian wars onto restrictedreservations.The Victorian Age:it is of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of prosperity for the British people. the characteristics of the Victorian Age is Rural Decline; Railway Mania(狂热); Time Is Money.The events :The Industrial Revolution, The development of Science and Technology,Charles Darwin’s the theory of evolution.THE EARLY AUTMN:☐This story is mostly told throughA.flashback ( 倒叙）B.foreshadowing (预示）C.dialogueD.description☐The tone of the story revealed by the characters’ conversations, which isA.humorousB.sadC.relaxedD.angry1)What was probably the untrue of Mary?A.She missed the days of the past.B.She still loved BillC.She worked to keep a family of three children.D.She was satisfied with her life and job in New York.2) Which of the following adjectives can probably best describe Bill’s attitude?A.Emotional.B.Indifferent.C.Puzzled.D.Hopeful.3) Mary didn’t say anything when she got on the bus. Why ?A.She had nothing to say.B.She was disappointed in Bill.C.She was too emotional.D.She knew the situation was hopeless.4) The last sentence of the story “ she forgotten…to tell him that her youngest boy wasnamed Bill, too.” shows thatA.Mary knew she would meet Bill again some day.B.“Bill” is a very common name.C.Mary had been thinking about Bill and still loved him.D.Mary was proud of her youngest son.5) The tit le of the short story “Early Autumn” may suggest to the reader thatA.the bitterness of an emotional long winter was ahead.B.it was still the bright time of one’s life, like early autumn.C.both Mary and Bill were now middle-aged people.D.the love between them w as not as “hot” as summer days.THE DISCUS THROWER:1).What does the man look like?A. strongB. weakC. dynamicD. vigorous2).What is the best word to describe the patient?A. hopefulB. happyC. desperateD. optimistic3).What are the abnormal behavior for this blind and legless patient ?A. his demand for shoesB. having his breakfast every morningC. plate-throwingD. asking the nurse to feed him4).According to the short conversation between the aide and the patient, what is the best word to describe the aide?A. warm-heartedB. helpfulC. kindD. coldTHE STORY OF AN HOUR:Mrs. Mallard, the heroine in the short story isA.a round characterB. flat characterIn the short story, Mrs. Mallard’s sister Joseph, her husband friend Richard, and her husband Mr. Mallard areA. main charactersB. foilsC. antagonistsD. protagonistsWhat is the best word to describe Mrs. Mallard?A. luckyB. happyC. braveD. wretched (可怜的）Kate Chopin focuses on Mrs. Mallard’s presentation of ______A. appearanceB. characterC. mental conflictsD. speechTHE PRESENT:☐The old lady got up early to wait for her _____ from her daughterA.Birthday presentB.A mailC.moneyD.Phone call☐How many times did her daughter Myra see her mother in these two years?A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five☐In the short story, the old lady lived _____ in these two year?A.With her daughter MyraB.With her daughter EnidC.With Mrs. MorrisonD.alone☐The old lady’sneighbors are very _____ to her?A.ColdB.IndifferentC.kindD.unfriendlyWhat is the birthday present from the daughter for her old mother?A. A pair of slippersB. A new cardiganC. A table lampD.The chequeARABY:1).Which adjective is NOT proper to describe the style of the short story?A. DreamlikeB. PoeticC. Matter-of-factD. Sentimental2).Why does the boy want to go to the bazaar, or the “Araby”, so desperately?A. He wants to find some romantic fufillment.B. He wants to see exotic (奇异的) and exciting things.C. He wants to have new experience.D. He wants to “do something” for the girl.3).Why do you think can be the theme of the story?A. Real beauty is illusory and unattainable.B. Growing up leads to loss of youthful idealism.C. True love can not survive in the cruel worldD. Disillusion always accompanies romanticism.4).Which is probably true about Mangan’s sister?A. She is a young girl of rare beauty.B. She has all the elegance because of her family and religious background.C. She is angle-like both in appearance and in nature.D. She is an ordinary girl but the narrator places his romantic fantasies((幻想)on her.5).The short story ends with the sentence: “Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger.” What possibly has the boy sudden realized?A. He has been behaving foolishly.B. The girl does not deserve so much of his affection.C. His uncle and aunt are heartless people.D. True beauty cannot be obtained at any cost.THE LADY ,OR THE TIGER:1. According to the short story, what is the best word to describe the king?A. justice.B. semi-barbaric.C. mercy.D. wise.2. Why did the king build the king’s arena?A. To give the people an opportunity of watching the fights between the gladiators.(角斗士)B. To enable the people to view the conflicts between religious opinions and hungry jaws(无聊的空话).C. To decide the criminal to be punished or rewarded.D. To make his kingdom more beautiful.3. In the short story, the writer gives us many clues(线索) about the princess’s character. What does her personality seem to be?A. Sweet and lovely.B. Shy and timid.(胆小的)C. Generous and kind-hearted.D. Hot-blooded and semi-barbaric like the king.4. What is the king’s attitude toward his daughter’s love affaire?A.opponentB.supportive.C. indifferent.D. understanding.5. In the end, to drop a hint (暗示) to her lover, to which direction did the princess point ?A. The left.B. The right.C. The middle.D. Somewhere else.THE ACORN—GATHERER:☐The Acorn-Gatherer describes _________?A.The country life in Britain.B.The country in America.C.The city life in Britain.D.The city life in America☐In the short story, the Granny seemed to be very “cruel” to the boy. The real reason for this is that _________A.The boy was not her grandson.B.The boy was very wicked （坏的）.C.The boy was an illegitimate(私生子).D.The boy was mischievous(调皮的）.☐What was the final end for the boy?A.He escaped from the village.B.He was drowned to die when fishing.C.He was taken away by his father.D.He left his Granny.☐In the end, who found the boy’s body?A.His grannyB. A dealerC. A steerwomanD. A labourer☐According to the short story, how did people respond to the boy’s death?A.SadlyB.HappilyC.IndifferentlyD.Broken-heartedly The Acorn-Gatherer。
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Queen Victoria’s Reign
Ⅰ. Brief introduction
汉诺威王朝的最后一位君主。
18岁成为女王，在位64年。
自1837年6月22日起，为大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国君主，直至去世。
她统治时期，英国历史上称为“维多利亚时代”，“日不落帝国”。
Ⅱ. Reign
1.Economy
Background：工业革命
火车，铁路建筑：初期：几条去世：铁路网
农业自动化
商品倾销市场
商品贸易：中国，茶叶
鼓励自由竞争
2.Political 铁腕政治
鸦片战争
1840年，占领新西兰，标志着英国在全世界的殖民体系的行程
1857年，英法两国争夺苏伊士运河的统治权
1858年，在大英帝国殖民地的版图中又增加了印度，这可是大英帝国王冠上的一颗明珠。
1876年加冕为印度女皇。
英国还让俄国在1877～1878年与土耳其的战争中的胜利果实几乎化为乌有。
巴尔干半岛。
对外扩张殖民地
选举制度的改革增加了下议院的权力，而国王和上议院的权力有所削弱。
镇压加拿大起义
Self-government：加拿大澳大利亚新西兰
3.Culture
第一次万国博览会于1851年在伦敦开幕，成为当时的举世盛事。
在文化，世界闻名的英国
作家查尔斯·狄更斯：雾都孤儿远大前程
英国博物学家查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文：物种起源
1891年，也就是女王去世之前的十年，英国已经实行对所有小孩进行免费教育。
Wordworth’s poetry
接受女学生：女性地位提高
结婚后可以上大学
费边主义Fabian Society：19世纪后期，流行于英国的一种主张采取渐进措施对资本主义实行点滴改良的资产阶级社会主义思潮。
它是英国费边社（Fabian Society）的思想体系和机会主义路线。
1884年一部分知识分子创立了费边社，该社成员认为社会改革应循序渐进，故以公元前3世纪古罗马一位因主张等待时机、避免决战的战略而著名的将军费边的名字命名社名。
其学说故称为“费边社会主义（Fabian Socialism）”简称“费边主义（Fabianism）”。
由于经济和工业的不断发展，维多利亚时代的英国人逐渐享受到科技进步带来的生活便利，伦敦的污水排放系统和伦敦街头出现的白炽灯都是维多利亚女王在位的时候实现的。
Ⅲ.Influences
在维多利亚时代，英国虽是君主立宪制度，维多利亚女王对大臣们的影响力依然很大。
她在位期间，大英帝国极度扩张，达到空前的繁盛，深深影响中国历史的鸦片战争也是在她刚即位不久发生的。
直至今天，世界上许多河流、湖泊、沙漠、瀑布、城市、港口、街道、公园、学校、建筑物等都是以维多利亚命名的，包括有澳大利亚的维多利亚州，加拿大维多利亚市，新加坡维多利亚纪念馆，香港的维多利亚港，香港的维多利亚公园，塞舌尔群岛首都维多利亚，非洲最大的湖泊维多利亚湖，还有很多很多。
她在位的60余年正值英国自由资本主义由方兴未艾到鼎盛、进而过渡到垄断资本主义的转变时期
文明的社会（书）P：154。