地质学常用中英文词汇对照表按章节

阐述expound(explain), state

引入introduce into

相应的corresponding

概念conception

概论overview

概率probability

概念化conceptualize

宏观的macroscopic

补充complement

规划plan

\

证明demonstrate, certify, attest

证实confirmation

补偿compensate, make up, imburse 组合式combined type

相互作用interaction

稳定性评价stability evaluation

均质性homogeneity

介质medium

层layer, stratum

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1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic

地形land form

地貌geomorphology, relief

地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade

地形图relief map

河谷river valley

河道river course

河床river bed(channel)

冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)

.

河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)

阶地terrace

冲积平原alluvial plain

三角洲delta

古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel

冲积扇alluvial fan

洪积扇diluvial fan

分水岭divide

盆地basin

岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform

&

溶洞solution cave, karst cave

2地层岩性

地层geostrome (stratum, strata)

岩性lithologic character, rock property

岩层bed stratum 岩层layer, rock stratum

母岩matrix, parent rock 相变facies change

硬质岩strong rock, film

软质岩weak rock

&

硬质的competent

软质的incompetent

基岩bedrock

覆盖层overburden

交错层理cross bedding

层面bedding plane

片理schistosity

层理bedding

波痕ripple-mark

泥痕mud crack

@

雨痕raindrop imprints

造岩矿物rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物clay mineral

高岭土kaolinite

蒙脱石montmorillonite

伊利石illite

云母mica

白云母muscovite

黑云母biotite

石英quartz

】

长石feldspar

正长石orthoclase

斜长石plagioclase

辉石pyroxene, picrite

角闪石hornblende

方解石calcite

构造structure

结构texture

组构fabric(tissue)

矿物组成mineral composition 】

产状attitude

火成岩igneous

岩浆岩magmatic rock

火山岩（熔岩）lava

火山volcano

侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock

深成岩plutonic rock

浅成岩pypabysal rock

酸性岩acid rock

；

中性岩inter-mediate rock

基性岩basic rock

超基性岩ultrabasic rock

岩基rock base (batholith)

岩脉（墙）dike

岩墙rock dike

岩床rock sill

岩脉vein dyke

花岗岩granite

流纹岩rhyolite

<

闪长岩diorite

辉长岩gabbro

玄武岩basalt

橄榄岩dunite

火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia

火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff

沉积岩sedimentary rock

碎屑岩clastic rock

粘土岩clay rock

￥

粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone

化学岩chemical rock

生物岩biolith

砾岩conglomerate

角砾岩breccia

砂岩sandstone

石英砂岩quartz sandstone

粉砂岩siltstone

钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone

—

页岩shale

盐岩saline

石灰岩limestone

白云岩dolomite

泥灰岩marl

泥钙岩argillo-calcareous

泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous 砂质arenaceous

泥质argillaceous

硅质的siliceous

!

有机质organic matter

粗粒coarse grain

中粒medium-grained

沉积物sediment (deposit)

漂石、顽石boulder

卵石cobble

砾石gravel

砂sand

粉土silt

粘土clay

《

粘粒clay grain

砂质粘土sandy clay

粘质砂土clayey sand 壤土、亚粘土loam

砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam

浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)

软泥ooze

淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay

冲积物（层）alluvion

冲积的alluvial

{

洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion

洪积的diluvial

冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits

崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium

残积粘土residual clay

变质岩metamorphic rock

板岩slate

千枚岩phyllite

片岩schist

片麻岩gneiss

，

石英岩quartzite

大理岩marble

3地质构造

地质构造geologic structure

大地构造geotectonic

构造运动tectogenesis

造山运动orogeny

升降运动vertical movement

水平运动horizontal movement

完整性perfection(integrity)

-

产状要素elements of attitude

产状attitude, orientation

走向strike

倾向dip

倾角dip angle, angle of dip

褶皱fold

褶曲fold

单斜monocline

向斜syncline

背斜anticline

《

穹隆dome

挤压squeeze

上盘upper section

下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall

断距separation

相交intersect

断层fault

正断层normal fault

逆断层reversed fault

平移断层parallel fault

.