Hillary Rodham Clinton

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英国剑桥大学的诺贝尔奖得主

英国剑桥大学的诺贝尔奖得主来源：留学服务中心诺贝尔奖是首个每年一次的国际奖项，自1901年来每年都会授予在物理，医学，化学，和平和文学方面取得的成就的人。

剑桥大学成员由于很多显著的成就被授予诺贝尔奖，如DNA 结构的发现，国民收入会计系统和史诗与叙事心里艺术研究，青霉素的发现。

剑桥大学的附属机构比其他任何机构获得诺贝奖都要多。

自1904年以来，剑桥大学共有88个附属机构获得了诺贝尔奖，奖项涉及了各个领域：29个诺贝尔物理奖，25个诺贝尔医学奖，21个诺贝尔化学奖，9个诺贝尔经济奖，2个诺贝尔文学奖和1个诺贝尔和平奖。

剑桥大学各个学院当中，三一学院获得诺贝尔奖人数最多，共有32位。

DorthyHodgkin 是剑桥首位诺贝尔奖女性获得者，她致力于用于抵抗贫血症的化合物结构的研究。

1950年，Bertrandrussel 的《西方哲学史）使其成为了剑桥首位诺贝尔文学奖获得者。

历史上仅有4人曾两次获得诺贝尔奖，来自圣约翰和国王学院的FrederickSanger 便是其中之一，分别在1958年1980年获得诺贝尔化学奖。

剑桥大学的诺贝尔奖得主：1904 Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt, 3rd BaronRayleigh)Trinity College Nobel Prize in Physics, for discovering Argon 学奖，发现氩 1906 JJ ThomsonTrinity College Nobel Prize in Physics, for investigating the electricalconductivity of gases1908 Ernest RutherfordTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Chemistry, for atomic structure and radioactivity1915 Lawrence BraggTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for analysing crystal structure using X-rays1917 Charles BarklaTrinity CollegeNobelof X-radiation1922 Niels BohrTrinity CollegeNobeland radiation1922 Francis AstonTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Chemistry, for work on mass spectroscopy 诺贝尔化学奖1922 Archibald HillTrinity CollegeNobelmuscles1925 Austen ChamberlainTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Peace, for work on the Locarno Pact尔和平奖1927 Charles WilsonSidney Sussex CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for inventing the cloud chamber诺贝尔物理学奖1927 Arthur Holly ComptonNobel Prize in Physics, for discovering wavelength changein diffused X-rays1928 Owen RichardsonTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for creating Richardson's Law贝尔物理学奖，创建理查森定律1929 Frederick HopkinsTrinity / Emmanuel CollegesNobelvitamins1932 Lord AdrianTrinity CollegeNobel诺贝尔医学奖1932 Charles SherringtonCaius CollegeNobel诺贝尔医学奖1933 Paul DiracSt John's CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for quantum mechanics学奖1935 James ChadwickCaius CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for discovering the neutron尔物理学奖，发现中子英国留学1936 Henry DaleTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for the chemical transmission of nerve impulses1937 George ThomsonTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for interference in crystals irradiated by electrons1945 Howard FloreyCaius CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for the discovery of penicillin 诺贝尔医学奖，发现青霉素1947 Edward AppletonSt John's CollegeNobel诺贝尔物理学奖，发现阿普尔顿层1948 Patrick BlackettMagdalene / Kings CollegesNobel Prize in Physics, for nuclear physics and cosmic radiation1950 Bertrand RussellTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Literature, for A History of Western Philosophy, 19461950 Cecil PowellSidney Sussex CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for nuclear physics and cosmicradiation1951 John CockcroftSt John's / Churchill CollegesNobelstudy atomic nuclei1951 Ernest WaltonTrinity CollegeNobelstudy atomic nuclei1953 Hans KrebsNobel Prize in Medicine, for discovering the citric acidcycle1954 Max BornNobel Prize in Physics, for fundamental research intoquantum mechanics1957 Alexander ToddChrist's CollegeNobel Prize in Chemistry, for work on nucleotides化学奖英国留学1958 Frederick SangerSt John's College and fellow of King's College和大学国王学院Nobelmolecule1959 Philip Noel-BakerKing's CollegeNobel Prize in Peace, for work towards global disarmament 诺贝尔和平奖1962 John KendrewTrinity CollegeNobelhaemoproteins1962 Max PerutzPeterhouseNobel Prize in Chemistry, for determing the structure of haemoproteinsPeterhouse1962 Francis CrickCaius / Churchill CollegesNobel Prize in Medicine, for determining the structure of DNA1962 James WatsonClare CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for determining the structure of DNA1962 Maurice WilkinsSt John's CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for determining the structure of DNA1963 Alan HodgkinTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for the transmission of impulses along a nerve fibre1963 Andrew HuxleyTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for the transmission of impulsesalong a nerve fibre1964 Dorothy HodgkinNewnham / Girton CollegesNobel Prize in Chemistry, for the structure of compoundsused to fight anaemia1967 Ronald NorrishEmmanuel CollegeNobel Prize in Chemistry, for the study of fast Chemicalreactions1967 George PorterEmmanuel CollegeNobel Prize in Chemistry, for the study of fast Chemicalreactions1972 Rodney PorterPembroke CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for the chemical structure ofantibodies1972 John HicksCaius CollegePrize in Economics, for the equilibrium theory均衡理论1972 Kenneth J ArrowChurchill CollegePrize in Economics, for the equilibrium theory均衡理论1973 Brian JosephsonTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for the tunneling insuperconductors and semiconductors英国留学1974 Patrick WhiteKing's CollegeNobel Prize in Literature, for an epic and psychological narrative art1974 Martin RyleTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for the invention of aperture synthesis1974 Antony HewishCaius / Churchill CollegesNobel Prize in Physics, for the discovery of pulsars尔物理学奖，发现脉冲星1977 Nevill MottCaius / St John's CollegesNobel Prize in Physics, for the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids1977 Philip AndersonChurchill CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for the behaviour of electrons in magnetic solids1977 James MeadeChrist's/Trinity CollegesPrize in Economics, for contributions to the theory of international trade1978 Pyotr KapitsaTrinity CollegeNobel诺贝尔物理学奖，发明氦液化1978 Peter MitchellJesus CollegeNobelin biological systems1979 Abdus SalamSt John's CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for electromagnetic and weakparticle interactions作用1979 Steven WeinbergNobel Prize in Physics, for electromagnetic and weakparticle interactions作用1979 Allan CormackSt John's CollegeNobel Prize in Medicine, for developing CAT scans医学奖，发展1980 Frederick SangerSt John's College and fellow of King's College和国王学院的院士Nobelin nucleic acids1982 Aaron KlugTrinity CollegeNobelactive substances1983 Subrahmanyan ChandrasekharTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for the evolution and devolutionof stars19831983 William FowlerPembroke CollegeNobel Prize in Physics, for the evolution and devolutionof stars1983英国留学1983 Gerard DebreuChurchill CollegePrize in Economics, for reforming the theory of general equilibrium1984 Richard StoneCaius College and fellow of King's College王学院的研究员Prize in Economics, for developing a national income accounting system1984 Cesar MilsteinFellow of Darwin and Fitzwilliam Colleges廉学院院士Nobelproduction of monoclonal antibodies克隆抗体的生产技术1984 Georges KohlerNobelproduction of monoclonal antibodies克隆抗体的生产技术1989 Norman RamseyClare CollegeNobelmethod1996 James MirrleesTrinity CollegePrize in Economics, for studying behaviour in the absence of complete information行为1997 John WalkerSidney Sussex CollegeNobelcreates the molecule that powers cells in muscles化学奖，研究如何纺纱酶，创建分子，细胞在肌肉权力1998 Amartya SenTrinity CollegePrize in Economics, for his contributions to welfare economics1998 John PopleTrinity CollegeNobel Prize in Chemistry, for the development ofcomputational methods in quantum chemistry诺贝尔化学奖，在量子化学计算方法的发展2000 Alan McDiarmidSidney Sussex CollegeNobelof展2000 Paul GreengardNobeltransduction in the nervous system经系统信号传导的发现2001 Tim HuntClare CollegeNobelof the cell cycle发现2001 Joseph StiglitzCaius CollegePrizeinformation2002 John SulstonPembroke CollegeNobelregulation of organ development and programmed cell death诺贝尔医学奖，发现器官发育和程序性细胞死亡的基因调控2002 Sydney BrennerKing's CollegeNobelregulation of organ development and programmed cell death诺贝尔医学奖，对发现涉及器官发育和程序性细胞死亡的基因调控2005 Richard R. SchrockNobel Prize in Chemistry, for the development of themetathesis method in organic synthesis机合成中的复分解方法的发展英国留学2007 Martin EvansChrist's CollegeNobelintroducingof embryonic stem cells2007 Eric MaskinJesus CollegePrizeof mechanism design theory理论奠定了基础2008 Roger Y. TsienChurchill / Caius CollegesNobelof the green fluorescent protein, GFP荧光蛋白2009 Elizabeth H. BlackburnDarwin College PhD 1975Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for the discovery oftelomerase酶2009 Venki RamakrishnanTrinity CollegeNobelfunction的研究2010 Robert G. EdwardsEmeritus Professor of Human ReproductionNobel Prize in Medicine, for the development of in vitro fertilization。

大学英语四级改革适用(听力)模拟试卷408(题后含答案及解析)

大学英语四级改革适用（听力）模拟试卷408(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. What does the man say about the Swedish people?1．A．He likes Sweden better than England.B．He prefers hot weather to cold weather.C．He visits London nearly every winter.D．He is an Englishman living in Sweden.正确答案：D解析：男士一开始就说自己生活在瑞典，同时后面还提到冬天瑞典的室内比家乡要暖和。

综合后面讲到的关于英国的情况可知男士所说的home指的便是England，因此答案为D。

A说男士更喜欢瑞典，B说男士更喜欢炎热天气，但对话并未提及男士更喜欢哪个，所以排除；C说他几乎每个冬天都拜访伦敦，与对话内容不符。

知识模块：长对话听力2．A．The cold houses.B．The bad weather.C．The gloomy winter.D．The long night.正确答案：A解析：男士说瑞典人在英国的时候总是抱怨即便在晴好的冬天房子里也很冷，因此答案为A。

预读选项，选项都是负面事物，可以预测问题可能会问不喜欢的或者抱怨的事情。

当听到录音中的关键词complain时，需要留意其后的内容。

B“糟糕的天气”、C“阴沉的冬天”和D“漫长的夜晚”与录音不符。

知识模块：长对话听力3．A．Depressing.B．Refreshing.C．Painful.D．Delightful.正确答案：A解析：男士在谈到圣诞节的天气时，提到有一点点令人压抑，因此答案为A。

B“令人耳目一新的”、C“令人痛苦的”和D“令人高兴的”与男士的描述不符。

知识模块：长对话听力4．A．They work hard and play hard.B．They often stay up late reading.C．They like to go camping in summer.D．They try to earn more and spend more.正确答案：A解析：男士提到，在夏季的时候，瑞典人喜欢努力工作，但是也会拼命玩乐，因此答案为A。

初一阅读理解试题及答案

初一阅读理解试题及答案初一阅读理解试题及答案Hillary Rodham Clinton released the first television spot of herSenate campaign this morning, a 30-second commercial that will begin airingstatewide on Thursday. The spot, titled “First,” uses numerous still photos tohighlight landmarks in Mrs. Clinton's career, while the voiceover says she is“more than a fist lady.”There is no mention of Mrs. Clinton's rivalfor New York'sSenate seat, New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.Clinton campaign spokesman Howard Wolfson said the ad was “positive” and“biographical,” instead of focusing on the first lady's opponent.Mrs. Clinton has previously aired radioads, but has generally stayed with a strategy of making extensive campaignappearances instead of using television spots, while Giuliani has already runstatewide TV ads.Text of Hillary Commercial:First she became a lawyer, named one of thetop hundred inAmerica.Her first cause was children, fightingabuse and chairing the board of the Children's Defense Fund.Her first priority was public schools,helping to establish teacher testing.More than a first lady. For 30 years, she'sfought for children and families.As New York's senator, she'll fight for better schools andheath care for children.Hillary, Put her to work for all of us.1. What does the word “air” in the firstsentence mean?A. dryB. expressC. breatheD. broadcast2. What does “more than first lady” in thefirst paragraph suggest?A. Hillary is not a first lady.B. Hillary does much more than what afirst lady is expected to do.C. There are more women inAmericawho does better than Hillary does.D. Hillary is doing better than her husband.3.Which of the following statement is trueregarding the Senator campaign according the passage?A. Hillary has appeared on TV shot formumerous times.B. Hillary rarely makes her public appearance.C. Giuliani has made TV advertisement forhimself.D. Hillary has a bigger chance to win the campaign.4. Hillary's campaign focuses on all theflooowing except_____.A. children's health careB. schooleducation for childrenC. combating child abuseD. family planningpolicy5.Which of the following can best serve asthe title of this passage?A. First Lady's Senator CampaignB.Hillary's TV AdvertisementC. A Rivalry for New York's Senate SeatD. The Focuses ofHillary Campaign[难点]1. 今早，希拉里竞选纽约州议员的电视演说拉开了序幕;Hillary Rodham Clinton：希拉里;美国现任总统克林顿夫人。

Hillary Clinton speech

Glossary:1.100,000 strong foundation2.tenure3.Assistant Secretary Kurt Cambell4.engagement5.ramp up6.delegation7.Strategic Economic Dialog8.foster9.underserved community10.p avilionRemarks at Launch of the 100,000 Strong Foundationby Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of StateThank you. Well, we’re all getting a little emotional and sentimental around here – (laughter) – with about a little over a week to go in my tenure. And I am so pleased to welcome all of you here. I see many, many familiar faces and some good friends in this audience.谢谢。

我们大家在这里都有点激动和动感情——（笑声）——再过一个多星期我就要离任了。

我非常高兴欢迎各位到来。

我在你们当中看到许许多多熟悉的面孔，还有些好朋友。

And I particularly want to thank Assistant Secretary Kurt Campbell for driving not only this program, but so much that we have accomplished in the last four years to deepen and strengthen our relationship with China and others in the region, but particularly with China, as it is such a consequentialrelationship, one that we believe so strongly in. Ambassador Zhang, once again, welcome to the State Department. Because it is, for us, a way of making clear that our relations, government-to-government, are obviously essential. But it is those people-to-people ties that are going to determine the quality of the relationship for the future.我要特别感谢助理国务卿库尔特·坎贝尔不仅为这个项目，而且为在过去四年中我们为深化和加强我们与中国及该地区其他国家——但主要是中国——的关系取得的许多成就所发挥的推动作用，因为这是如此意义重大的关系，我们对它如此深信。

Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (/ˈhɪləri daɪˈæn ˈrɒdəm ˈklɪntən/ ; born October 26, 1947) isan American politician and former United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013; a former United States Senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009; and, as the wife of President Bill Clinton, was First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001. She wasa leading candidate for the Democratic Party'snomination to the 2008 presidential election and has announced her candidacy for the Democratic nomination in the2016 presidential election.A native of Illinois, Hillary Rodham was the first student commencement speaker at Wellesley College in 1969 and earned a J.D. from Yale Law School in 1973. After a stint as a Congressional legal counsel, she moved to Arkansasand married Bill Clinton in 1975. She cofounded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families in 1977, she became the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978, and became the first female partner at Rose Law Firm in 1979. The National Law Journal twice listed her as one of the hundred most influential lawyers in America. During her tenure as First Lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1992, she led a task force that reformed Arkansas's education system and sat on the board of directors of Wal-Mart and several other corporations.As First Lady of the United States, her major initiative, the Clinton health care plan of 1993, failed to gain approval from the U.S. Congress. In 1997 and 1999, she played a leading role in advocating the creation of theState Children's Health Insurance Program, the Adoption and Safe Families Act, and the Foster Care Independence Act. Her years as First Lady drew a polarized response from the American public. The only First Lady to have beensubpoenaed, she testified before a federal grand jury in 1996 regardingthe Whitewater controversy, but was never charged with wrongdoing in this or several other investigations during her husband's presidency. Her marriage to the president was subjected to considerable public discussion following the Lewinsky scandal of 1998.After moving to New York, Clinton was elected in 2000 the first female senator from the state; she is the only First Lady ever to have run for public office. Following the September 11 attacks, shesupported military action in Afghanistan and the Iraq Resolution, but subsequently objected to the George W. Bush administration's conduct of the Iraq war. She opposed most of Bush's domestic policies. Clintonwas re-elected to the Senate in 2006. Running in the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries, Clinton wonfar more primaries and delegates than any other female candidate in American history, but narrowly lost the nomination to Obama.As Secretary of State in the Obama administration from January 2009 to February 2013, Clinton was at the forefront of the U.S. response to the Arab Spring and advocated the U.S. military intervention in Libya. She took responsibility for security lapses related to the 2012 Benghazi attack, which resulted in the deaths of American consulate personnel, but defended her personal actions in regard to the matter. Clinton visited more countries than any other Secretary of State. She viewed "smart power" as the strategy for asserting U.S. leadership and values, by combining military power with diplomacy and American capabilities in economics, technology, and other areas. She encouraged empowerment of women everywhere and used social media to communicate the U.S. message abroad. Leaving office at the end of Obama's first term, she authored her fifth book and undertook speaking engagements before announcing her second run for the presidency in April 2015.。

Hillary Clinton希拉里

The Clinton family takes an Inauguration Day walk down Pennsylvania Avenue to start President Bill Clinton's second term in office, January 20, 1997.
Mementos of Hillary Rodham's early life are shown at the William J. Clinton Presidential Center
The Clinton family arrives at the White House on Marine One, 1993
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton born October 26, 1947) is an American attorney, politician and member of the Democratic Party. As the wife of the 42nd President of the United States, Bill Clinton, she was First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001. She then represented New York in the United States Senate from 2001 to 2009. In the 2008 election, Clinton was a leading candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination. From 2009 to 2013, she was the 67th United States Secretary of State, serving under President Barack Obama. Clinton formally announced her candidacy candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the presidency in the 2016 election on April 12, 2015.

希拉里Hillary Clinton

Political career
Contributions to America
• Children : safety of drugs for children; solve environmental danger; fight AIDS and expend medical technology. • Women : adoption easier for families; breast cancer（乳腺癌）, employment; equality for women. • Public service
She was raised in a United Methodist （卫理公会教徒）family, first in Chicago and then, from the age of three, in suburban Park Ridge, Illinois（伊利诺伊州）. Her father, Hugh Ellsworth Rodham (1911–1993), was of Welsh and English descent（血统）. he managed a successful small business in the textile （纺织）industry. Her mother, Dorothy Emma Howell (1919–2011), was a homemaker of English, Scottish, French, and Welsh descent. Hillary has two younger brothers, Hugh and Tony.
Yale Law School（耶鲁大学法学院）

Spouse Bill Clinton (1975–present) Daughter Chelsea(切尔西)

美国政治体制(英文版)

Thanks!

The House of Representatives has 435 members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned (分配)among the states by population every tenth year. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to sixyear terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year.
President Barack Obama named Hillary Rodham Clinton as his choice for Secretary of State. Secretary of State uniquely refers to the official responsible for foreign policy. The U.S. Secretary of State is head of the United State Department(美国国务院).
原创力文档是网络服务平台方若您的权利被侵害侵权客服qq
The polity of United States

The United States is the world’s oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic.(宪政共和国) Federal(联邦) and state judicial(司法的) and cabinet officials are typically nominated(提名) by the executive branch(行政部门) and approved by the legislature(立法机关), although some state judges and officials are elected by popular vote.(普选)

Hilary Cliton 希拉里 2

２. I am in the White House for eight years, received thousands of gifts, the most hope and desire more than these 12 intangible gifts: identification strength, peace, compassion, faith, friendship,vision, forgiveness,virtue, wisdom, love , happiness and courage. ( 我在白宫八年，收到数千件礼物，最希望及渴求的，莫过于这样12种无形的礼物：辨识力、和平、同情、信仰、友情、远见、宽恕、美德、智慧、爱、快乐和勇气。)
Hilary's Quotations
１.If there is no salary housework and paid work together, a woman is not just prop up (支撑，维持)half the sky. (如果把没有薪水的操持家务和有薪水的工作加在一起，女人撑起的不只是半边天。）
Marriage and Life
• Met: 1970.( Yale Law School) • Married: October 11, 1975.
• Family Potrait(全家福）
Role as First Lady
• When Bill Clinton took office as president in January 1993, Hillary Clinton became the First Lady of the United States. She was the first First Lady to hold a postgraduate degree and to have her own professional career up to the time of entering the White House. She was also the first to have an office in the West Wing(西翼) of the White House in addition to the usual First Lady offices in the East Wing. She is regarded as the most openly empowered presidential wife in American history.

希拉里新自传《艰难抉择》回忆母亲

Ahead of another possible presidential run, Hillary Clinton is opening up about her life in a new memoir, "Hard Choices," set to bepublished next month.在新一轮的总统竞选前期，希拉里·克林顿在她新的自传——《艰难抉择》中披露了她的个人生活。

And in an excerpt published by Vogue on Mother's Day, Clinton remembers how her mother, Dorothy Howell Rodham, comforted her following her loss in the 2008 campaign."Having her so close became a source of great comfort to me, especially inthe difficult period after the end of the 2008 campaign," Clinton writes. "I'd come home from a long day at the Senate or the State Department, slide in next to her at the small table in our breakfast nook, and let everything just pour out."Dorothy Howell Rodham died in 2011 at age 92."When I became Secretary of State, Mom was just about to turn 90," Clinton writes. "She had been living with us in Washington for the past few years, ever since being alone in her apartment overlooking the zoo on Connecticut Avenue became too much. Like so many Americans of my generation, I felt both blessed to have these extra years with an aging parent and very responsible for making sure she was comfortable and well cared for. Mom gave me so much unconditional love and support when I was growing up in Park Ridge, Illinois; now it was my turn to support her."She "loved mystery novels, Mexican food, 'Dancing with the Stars'" and her grandchildren, including Chelsea Clinton, the former first daughter. "For Chelsea, her grandmother was one of the most important figures in her life," Clinton writes. "Mom helped Chelsea navigate the unique challenges of growing up in the public eye and, when she was ready, encouraged her to pursue her passion for service and philanthropy."I'm not sure if I ever saw Mom happier than at Chelsea's wedding," Clinton continues. She "exulted over her joyful, radiant granddaughter."Rodham's "own childhood was marked by trauma（创伤） and abandonment":In Chicago her parents fought frequently and divorced when she and her sister were young. Neither parent was willing to care for the kids, so theywere put on a train to California to live with their paternal grandparents in Alhambra, a town near the San Gabriel Mountains east of Los Angeles. The elderly couple was severe and unloving. One Halloween, after Mom was caught trick-or-treating with school friends, a forbidden activity, she was confined to her room for an entire year, except for the hours she was in school. She wasn't allowed to eat at the kitchen table or play in the yard.精彩推荐：必克英语/。

希拉里冷知识

希拉里冷知识希拉里·罗德姆·克林顿（Hillary Rodham Clinton）是美国政治家、律师和作家，她在美国政坛上有着重要的地位和影响力。

以下是一些有关希拉里的冷知识，让我们更深入了解这位杰出的女性。

一、早年经历：希拉里于1947年10月26日出生在美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市。

她在一个中产阶级家庭长大，父亲是一名小型制造业企业主，母亲是一名家庭主妇。

在她的家庭中，她受到了良好的教育和支持，这对她的未来发展起到了积极的影响。

二、教育背景：希拉里在耶鲁法学院获得法学学士学位，并在耶鲁大学获得政治学学士学位。

在校期间，她表现出色，成为学生会主席，并在政治活动中展示了她的领导才能。

这为她进入政治界打下了坚实的基础。

三、首位第一夫人：1993年至2001年，希拉里担任美国第42任总统比尔·克林顿的第一夫人。

作为第一夫人，她积极推动一系列社会和医疗改革，并在国际事务中发挥了重要作用。

她是第一位在总统内阁中担任重要职务的第一夫人，出任美国国务卿一职。

四、参选总统：希拉里于2008年和2016年两次竞选美国总统，成为第一位争取主要政党提名的女性候选人。

虽然她没有成功当选，但她的竞选活动引起了广泛的关注，并且给后来的女性候选人树立了榜样。

五、国务卿任期：在担任国务卿期间（2009-2013年），希拉里积极推动了美国外交政策的重塑。

她在促进全球女性权益、应对气候变化、处理外交危机等方面取得了显著成就。

她还是历史上访问国家最多的国务卿之一。

六、作家生涯：除了政治生涯，希拉里还是一位畅销书作家。

她的书籍《生活在历史中》和《在我的时间》等作品引起了广泛的关注。

在这些书中，她分享了她的经验和见解，深受读者的喜爱。

七、女性权益倡导者：希拉里一直以来都是女性权益的坚定倡导者。

她积极参与关于妇女和女童权益的活动，并致力于推动性别平等。

她的努力为全球范围内的女性赢得了更多的机会和权益。

八、慈善事业：希拉里和她的丈夫比尔·克林顿共同创立了“克林顿基金会”，该基金会旨在推动全球发展、改善卫生条件和提供教育资源。

专四英语考试听力要点及应试技巧

专四英语考试听⼒要点及应试技巧专四英语听⼒是考试的重点，那么应该如何得分呢?以下是店铺为⼤家搜索整理的专四英语考试听⼒要点及应试技巧，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业⽣考试⽹! 对策⼀： (⼀)听写 1.听写的测试要点听写所涉及的知识⼤致可分为语⾔因素和⾮语⾔因素两⼤类。

语⾔因素主要指语⾔知识，即语⾔基本功中包括诸如语⾔知识、词汇知识、句法知识和语⽤知识等。

现分述1)语⾔知识。

包括对英语每⼀个⾳的发⾳部位和发⾳⽅法，对元⾳和辅⾳的语⾳特征及区别，对⾳节结构和同化的规则，对省⾳和加⾳的现象，以及对语调和重⾳规则等知识的了解和掌握。

2)词汇知识。

包括对英语词汇的分类、构词规则，以及习语、短语的了解和掌握。

3)句法与语义知识。

包括对句⼦结构，句型转换规则，语义特征如歧义、反义等知识的了解和掌握。

4)语⽤知识。

包括对语⾔⾏为的预设、指⽰以及语⾔环境等相关知识的了解和掌握。

2.听写的基本应试对策1)注意语⾳问题。

误听是听写中常出现的错误。

很多考⽣有这样的体会：有些单词写出来认识，但在录⾳中却听不出来或听错。

这种情况经常发⽣。

因为在英语⾥，同⼀个字母就有多种不同的读⾳，例如：bag， what， class， alike等词中的字母“a”的读⾳就各不相同。

⽽同⼀个读⾳可以⽤⼏个不同的字母来表⽰，例如：[i]的读⾳，在busy， private， homeless， women， la dies， hymn， give， Sunday等词中的拼写形式⼜不相同。

所以考⽣⼀定要弄懂某⼀字母在具体单词中的正确发⾳，以及某⼀单词中每个字母的正确发⾳，以免在听⼒上产⽣错觉。

2)处理好听与写的关系。

听与写是⼀对⽭盾。

由于时间限制，有些考⽣可能出现顾了听⽽来不及写或顾了写⽽影响听的现象。

因此，在听写中必须正确处理好两者的关系。

在听写中，写应依据以下三个步骤：①听;②边听边写;③边听边检查。

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton

United States Senator
When New York's long-serving United States Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan announced his retirement in November 1998, several prominent Democratic figures, including Representative Charles B. Rangel of New York, urged Clinton to run for Moynihan's open seat in the Senate election of 2000. She became the first first lady of the United States to be a candidate for elected office.
Response to Lewinsky scandal
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In 1998, the Clintons' relationship became the subject of much speculation when investigations revealed that the President had had an extramarital affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. Events surrounding the Lewinsky scandal eventually led to the impeachment of Bill Clinton by the House of Representatives. When the allegations against her husband were first made public, Hillary Clinton stated that they were the result of a "vast right-wing conspiracy", rather than any wrongdoing by her husband.After the evidence of President Clinton's encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible, she issued a public statement reaffirming her commitment to their marriage, but privately was reported to be furious at him and was unsure if she wanted to stay in the marriage.The White House residence staff noticed a pronounced level of tension between the couple during this period.

Hillary Clinton

Hillary Clinton met Bill Clinton at Yale Law School
In the late spring of 1971, Hillary began dating Bill Clinton.
Part 1
Family & Life
Marriage and Life
Political Career On January 3, 2001 became the New York Senator, The first First Lady who won the public's in U.S. history.
In 2006 Won the re-election of the New York Senator
Family & Life
Part 1
Family & Life
Personal Information
●Full
name : Hillary Dian Rodham Clinton ●Birthday : October 26 , 1947
● Nationality
: American
● Political
On February 20, 2009 Hillary Clinton took the special plane arriving at Beijing Capital International Airport.
Part 2
Political Career
With Chinese Foreign Minister
Part 2
Political Career
On January 20, 2007. Announced to join 2008 presidential position competition

公共管理经典书目

公共管理经典书目（一）基础理论经典原著1、威尔逊：《行政学之研究》，《国外政治学》1987年第6期、1988年第1期。

2、古德诺：《政治与行政》，华夏出版社1987年版。

3、泰罗：《科学管理原理》，中国社会科学出版社1990年版。

4、法约尔：《工业管理与一般管理》，中国社会科学出版社1998年版。

5、马克斯·韦伯：《经济与社会》，商务印书馆1997年版。

6、怀特：《行政学概论》，上海商务印书馆1947年版。

7、西蒙：《管理行为》，北京经济学院出版社1988年版。

8、西蒙：《管理决策新科学》，中国社会科学出版社1982年版。

9、沃尔多：《行政国家：美国公共行政的政治理论研究》，纽约：罗纳德出版社1948年版。

10、林德布洛姆：《决策过程》，上海译文出版社1988年版。

11、德罗尔：《逆境中的政策制定》，上海远东出版社1996年版。

12、雷格斯：《行政生态学》，台湾商务印书馆1985年版。

13、弗雷德里克森：《新公共行政学》，美国亚拉巴马大学出版社1980版。

14、奥斯特罗姆：《美国公共行政的思想危机》上海三联书店1999年版。

15、尼斯坎南：《官僚制与公共经济学》，中国青年出版社2004年版。

16、詹姆斯·Q·威尔逊：《官僚机构：政府机构的作为及其原因》，三联书店2006年版。

17、奥斯特罗姆：《公共服务的制度建构》上海三联书店2000年版。

18、布坎南、塔洛克：《同意的计算：立宪民主的逻辑基础》，中国社会科学出版社2000年版。

19、缪勒：《公共选择理论》，中国社会科学出版社1999年版。

20、罗森布鲁姆：《公共行政学：管理、政治和法律的途径》，中国人民大学出版社2002年版。

21、R·J·斯蒂尔曼：《公共行政学：概念与案例》，中国人民大学出版社2004年版。

22、罗伯特•登哈特：《公共组织理论》，中国人民大学出版社2003年版。

23、沙夫里茨、海德：《公共行政学经典》，中国人民大学出版社2004年英文版。

人大芸窗研究生英语阅读教程Lesson .ppt

During her husband’s presidency, she became a powerful symbol of the changing role and status of women in American society. Her election to the U.S. Senate while being first lady was unprecedented in U.S. history....
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Main Idea
even gave up an opportunity to follow Hillary while she studied in San Francisco, California. As young students they lived simply, but still participated in political activities where Bill demonstrated his ability to be a leader. The article ends by describing how Bill won the favor her parents, brothers and friends.
Lesson Four
Bill Clinton
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Catalogue
Background Information Warm-up Questions Main Idea Language Points Difficult Sentences Keys to the Exercises
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Background Information Clinton, Hillary Rodham
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Background Information

九年级英语上册 Unit 3 测试题-牛津译林版(含答案)

九年级英语上册 Unit 3 测试题-牛津译林版（含答案）一、单项选择1.Mr. Green could _________ afford his son’s education abroad, but he managed at last.A. simplyB. hardlyC. surelyD. properly2.He made it _________ for people __________ the computers by inventing new software.A. easily; to useB. easier; usingC. easier; to useD. easy; use3.---You can’t ________ how much difficulty I had getting the two tickets.---But the film is really worth _________ a second time.A．imagine, seeing B．count, seeing C．imagine, being seen D．count, to see4.You’d better not___________ late. Your parents won’t leave the door open after 11 p.m.A. stay upB. stay outC. stay awayD. stay in5.I’m sorry I’m late again because I ___________the early bus.A. won’t catchB. haven’t caughtC. didn’t catchD. don’t catch6._______ he is often left alone, _______ he never feels lonely.A. Though, butB. /, soC. Though, /D. Not only, but also7.His parents are angry ________ him because they are strict ________ his study.A. with, inB. at, inC. with, withD. at, with8.We had no choice but __________ such a snowy day.A. walk onB. walk inC. to walk onD. to walk in9.He has ________ few friends that he doesn’t know who to _________.A. so, talkB. such, talk withC. such, talk aboutD. so, talk to10.You shouldn’t __________ too much. It’s bad for your health to _________.A. worry, worriedB. worried, worryC. worry, worry aboutD. worry, be worried11.If you want to be _______, you’d better take _______.A. healthy enough, enough exerciseB. enough healthy, enough exerciseC. enough healthy, exercises enoughD. healthy enough, enough exercises12.Could you tell me __________________? ---Certainly.A. how long you will leaveB. if the air is badly pollutedC. whether you had got ready for the examD. what's the Chinese story about13.※---The light in his office is still on. Do you know ______________?---In order to prepare for tomorrow’s speech.A. whether she works hardB. why she stays up so lateC. what he is preparing forD. what she still stays in it for14.※Most of us are looking forward to a holiday without homework _____ we can relax.A. in order toB. so thatC. as wellD. for example二、词汇st week, Mr. Hu gave us many _____________ (建议) on how to learn English well.16.Can you _____________（想象）Tom is cooking the dinner himself?17.It was so dark that I could ________________（几乎不）see anything.18.I had to walk home because I had no other _____________（选择）.19.The piece of advice is very _________________（有价值的）to the students.20.※A good student should know about ways of __________(达到;获得) a balance between study and hobbies.21.※We are afraid of our maths teacher. He is much _______（严厉）than any other teacher.三、动词填空22.Almost all women are crazy about fashion. It never fails ________ (catch) their attention．23.I think these problems ____________(deal) with as soon as possible.24.__________ you ever ___________(dream) of being a teacher in the future, Tom?25.Oh, my god! Little Tom seems to be worried. I guess something _______(happen) to him.26.※The city you talked about just now _____________(change) a lot in the past few years.27.※The sports meeting the students looked forward to __________(take) place last week.28.※---Can you tell me where the students of Class 2 are?---I’m not sure, but they ________(find) reading the book over there just now.四、完成句子29.每天有大量的工作，他别无选择只有熬夜到很晚来完成。

大学英语阅读三级Passage

大学英语阅读三级PassageThe secret of being born lucky is a summer birthday, with May babies most likely to enjoy a lifetime’s good fortune, according to a study of more than 40,000 people. The time of year at which you are born has an enduring influence on levels of optimism and self-reported luck, according to research by British and Swedish scientists. May was the luckiest month in which to be born, with 50 per cent of those born then considering themselves lucky, while October was the least lucky month, with just 43 percent claiming good fortune.The findings add to growing evidence that the phenomenon of luck is not all down to chance, but is affected by a person’ s general disposition.Other research has shown that whether people think themselves fortunate depends less on objective success than on having a “glass half-full” or “half-empty” approach to life. “What we are seeing suggests that something is influencing how people perceive their luckiness. My hypothesis is that people create their own luck by traits such as optimism, that luck is a psychological phenomenon rather than a matter of blind chance,” said Professor Richard Wise man, who led the research.The pattern of the results, with those born in spring and summer reporting themselves luckier than those born in autumn or winter, could have two potential explanations, Professor Wiseman said.1. According to the passage, whether people think themselves lucky not depends on the following factors EXCEPT ______A) one’s objective success B) one’s general dispositionC) one’s attitude to life D) one’s place of birth2. According to the passage, those who were born in _______ regard themselves as the most fortunate.A) March B) April C) May D) October3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Optimistic people tend to be luckier.B) Devoted people tend to be luckier.C) Objective success is more important than one’s general disposition in feeling lucky.D) People drinking more water tend to be luckier.4. Which of the following words can best replace the word “trait”(Line 8, Para.2)?A) quality. B) expectation. C) belief. D) idea.is the best title for the passage?A) Luck is Something Born.B) Luck is Not All Down to Chance.C) Luck is A Matter of Blind Chance.D) Luck and Age.Passage 2Researchers say most of us make instant judgement about a person on the basis of how they look. They say facial features can determine whether we like or trust someone. It may even influence how we vote.“Over the years, we have found that facial features affect the way many of us perceive others,” says Elisabeth Cornwell, a psychology researcher at the university’s Perception Laboratory. Studies suggest that people are less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features, such as a square jaw, small eyesor big nose. “They are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy,” says Ms Cornwell. “It doesn’t mean that men who look more masculine are less trustworthy—It’s just our first impressions. “ Those with less masculine features—larger eyes, a smaller nose and thinner lips—are deemed to be more trustworthy. “We are very good at processing these features quickly,” says Ms Cornwell.The researchers are putting their science to the test at the Royal society’s annual summer exhibition in London. They have subtly manipulated the faces of Prime Minister T ony Blair, Conservative leader Michael Howard and Liberal Democrat leader Charles Kennedy accentuating their dominant and tru stworthy features respectively. “We have u sed a computer programme to change the shape of their face and features. We hope it will help people to understand our work.” So should we expect to see Tony Blair, Michael Howard and Charles Kennedy at the exhibi tion getting tips? “I don’t think it’s something they will want to try,” says Ms Cornwell. “It’s not really possible with television. We all know what they look like. I think they would be naive to try it.”1. Why are people less likely to trust those with particularly masculine features?A) Because they are bad-tempered.B) Because they are perceived as dominant and less trustworthy.C) Because they are perceived as tricky.D) Because they are more stubborn.2. According to the passage, which of the following is perceived as a g masculine feature?A) Larger eyes. B) A square jaw.C) A smaller nose. D) Thinner lips.3. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Most of us tend to judge people by how they look.B) Some studies show that people with particular masculine features are more dominant.C) A candidate with less masculine features is more likely to win a vote.D) Most of us are with masculine features.4. Why will Tony Blair not want to change his facial features according to the passage?A) Because he is so popular that everyone knows what he looks like.B) Because he does not want to get tips.C) Because he has great confidence in his looks.D) Because he is very naive.5.. What is the best title for the passage?A) Facial Features.B) How People Perceive Others.C) Facial Features Are Everything.D) How Facial Features Affect One’s First Impression.Passage 3British university entrants expect to be provided with washing machines and dryers in their rooms, and even car parking spaces, a survey has found. Students are also less prepared to tolerate poor quality living conditions than their predecessors, says the survey by British polling organization Mori.More than 1,000 full-time undergraduates and postgraduates from 21 universities across the UK were surveyed for the research. It shows that location is the key factor in choosing accommodation for students—nearly half of thoseinterviewed said that being close to their place of study was the most important factor in their choice. Cost came second, with evidence that many parents foot the bills for their children’s rent. The survey also shows that students are no longer prepared to carry bags of washing to the nearest launderette. These newcomers expect washers and dryers to be provided with their ac commodation. The study also highlights those things today’s students expect as standard—communal areas to be cleaned regularly, utility bills to be included, even private car parking space to be included.Separate findings from the UK’s National Union of S tudents published earlier this year show more than half of students in private rented accommodation are living in unsatisfactory conditions.1. Who are the subjects of the survey?A) Some oversea students in U. K.B) Some undergraduates and postgraduates in U. K. universities.C) Some graduates in U. K. universities.D) Some British students in other countries.2. What kind of accommodation is the most attractive to students according to the survey by British polling organization Mori?A) An apartment near their universities.B) A cheap house far way from their universities.C) An apartment with car parking space.D) An apartment with washing machines.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) The survey described in the passage is conducted by UK‘ s National Union ofStudents.B) Most of the subjects are from universities in London.C) Most college students pay the rent by themselves.D) Students think that communal areas should be cleaned regularly by cleaners rather than themselves.4. According to the passage, the choice of accommodation is influenced by the following factors EXCEPT ______.A) convenience B) comfortC) low rents D) weather5. What does the survey indicate?A) U. K. university students are increasingly satisfied with their living conditions.B) U. K. university students are less and less energetic.C) U. K. university students demand higher qualities of their living conditions.D) U. K. university students pay less and less attention to their studies. Passage 4The former first lady and now New York Senator, Hillary Rodham Clinton, has written a book about her eight years in the White House. It is being released with a great deal of public fanfare. The book reveals details about the notorious Monica Lewinsky scandal involving her husband, President Clinton.In Living History, the wife of former President Clinton recounts the moment when Mr. Clinton informed her that he had, fact, had what he called “a relationship that was not appropriate” with Miss Lewins ky, then a White House intern. She writes, “I’ could hardly breathe. Gulping for air, I started crying and yelling at him. What do you mean? What are you saying? Why did you lie to me? I was furious and getting more so by the second. Hejust stood th ere s aying over and over again, I’m sorry. I’m so sorry. I was trying to protect you and Chelsea, referring to their daughter.”Mrs. Clinton says she hopes that people will read the book for more than intimate details of her troubled marriage. “It’ s a pretty lo ng book, and it’s about my life, and it’s about all of the issues that I’ve worked on, particularly on behalf of women and children, and things that I’ ye cared about literally since I was a little girl,” she said. “I think it will give people more insight and, perhaps, answer questions. It’s also my story.”Publisher Simon & Schuster paid Senator Clinton $ 8 million for the 560-page book, and has ordered an unusually large first printing of one-million copies. Publishing rights to the book already have been sold in 16 countries.1. What appeals to the readers most in the book Living History according to the passage?A) Hilary’s eight years in the White House.B) Hilary’s troubled marriage.C) The issues that Hilary have worked on.D) Hilary’s life as a sena tor.2. The word “notorious” (Line 4, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to______.A) well-known B) unheard-ofC) surprising D) amusing3. Which of the following can best describe Hilary’s reaction when Mr. Clinton told her his inappropriate relationship with Miss Lewinsky?A) Indifferent. B) Calm.C) Angry. D) Astonished.4. What is Hilary’s comment on her own book?A) It is more than interesting.B) It can meet the need of people to know about other’ s intim acy.C) It is an academic bookD) The language of the book is beautiful.5. What CANNOT be inferred from the passage?A) Living History is expected to sell well.B) Living History will be published beyond America.C) Mrs. Clinton is well paid for the book Living History.D) Mr. Clinton is a responsible husband.passage 5The human form of mad cow disease, an incurable, brain-wasting illness that’s killed more than 100 people in Britain, has claimed its first Canadian victim. Canadian health officials confirmed Thursday that the unidentified man died sometime this summer. The man, who lived in the western province of Saskatchewan, contracted the disease from eating contaminated meat while traveling in Britain.Dr. Antonio Giulivi, an official with the government agency Health Canada, quickly moved to calm fears by assuring the public the disease had not entered the Canadian food supply.The variant of the cow-killing illness, known as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is believed to be caused when ground parts of diseased cattle are mixed into cattle feed and those cows are turned into processed meats for human consumption. Though the disease cannot be confirmed until an autopsy is performed on the dead brain, symptoms of human infection include uncontrolled shaking, dementia and finally paralysis.But while government officials insisted safeguards are in place to keep the disease out of Canadian meat, warnings were issued to 71 patients at the hospital where the infected man wastreated before his illness was identified. Those patients had been treated with the same medical instruments used on the diseased man. Though the instruments were cleaned and disinfected, officials said a theoretical possibility remains that those people could have been infected.News of the death initially sent Canadian restaurant stocks into a tailspin, but most of them recovered by the end of the trading session.1. Where is the Canadian supposed to contact mad cow disease?A) In Saskatchewan. B) In Britain.C) In Canada. D) Not mentioned.2. Which part of the body does the mad cow disease mainly affect?A) Hands. B) Legs.C) Brain. D) Liver.3. Why did the Canadian government issue warnings to 71 patients?A) They ever used the same medical instruments with the first Canadian victim.B) They were intimate relatives of the first Canadian victim.C) They had ever traveled to Britain.D) They were supposed to have contacted mad cow disease.4. What did Health Canada do after the mad cow disease infected a Canadian?A) Health Canada concealed the truth by all means.B) Health Canada tried to remove public fear.C) Health Canada succeeded in curing the victim.D) Health Canada tried to find ways to cure the disease.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) The news of the mad cow disease death has no effect on Canadian economy.B) We can decide whether a person contract mad cow disease by the symptoms of uncontrolled shaking, dementia and paralysis.C) Some cows in Canada contracted mad cow disease.D) The mad cow disease is not completely known to the scientists yet.Passage 6A United Nations report is sounding an alarm on the state of the earth’s natural resources, in advance of this month’ s U. N. -sponsored sustainable development summit in Johannesburg.The report says sea levels rose and forests were destroyed at unprecedented rates during the last decade. It notes that more than 40 percent of the world’s population—two billion people now face water shortages. And it predicts that with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion people over the next 25 years, further environmental stress is expected. . Undersecretary General Nitin Desai says the most important message in the report is that the world’s environmental crises are interrelated. As an example, he cites the “Asian Brown Cloud,” a “poisonous cocktail” of particulate matter, chemicals, and various aerosols currently hanging over a vast area of southeast Asia.“Here you have a situation which arises because of the unsustainable way energy is used in this region, which is leading to these problems which impact on agriculture, on water, on health,” said Mr. Desai. “If you really want to address water, agriculture and health, you have to address energy. You can’t reduce poverty unless you also address land and water. Youcan’t improve children’s hea lth without addressing water and sanitation and air quality.”Mr. Desai, who will lead the Earth Summit, says that governments must form specific partnerships to reduce threats in five areas: water, energy, agriculture, biodiversity and health.1. When is the . report mentioned in the passage released?A) At the sustainable development summit.B) Before the Earth Summit.C) After the sustainable development summit.D) Last year.2. “Asian Brown Cloud” is used as an example to show that ______A) environmental protection needs cooperation.B) Asia is the most polluted area in the world.C) air pollution in Asia is very serious.D) travelers are warned not to visit Asia.3. What results in the problems concerning agriculture, water and health according to the passage?A) The rising sea level.B) The conflicts around the world.C) The improved living standard.D) The unsustainable way energy is used.4. What doe s the word “address” (Line 4, Para. 3) mean?A) Speak to. B) Make a formal speech to.C) Deal with. D) Make use of.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Natural resource shortage will be a great problem in the future.B) Poverty can be reduced by increasing production.C) Sustainable development is impossible.D) Southeast Asia is the most polluted area in the world.Passage 7The University of Chicago is a private, nondenominational, coeducational institution of higher learning and research. It is located in the community of Hyde Park—South Ken-wood, a culturally rich and ethnically diverse neighborhood, seven miles south of downtown Chicago.The University was founded by John D. Rockefeller. William Rainey Harper was its first president. Classes began on October 1, 1892, with an enrollment of 594 students and a faculty of 103, including eight former college presidents. In 1930 the undergraduate College and the graduate divisions were created. Such cross-fertilization continues to characterize the University.Candidates for admission to graduate programs in the divisions at the University of Chicago should address their inquiries, including requests for application forms, to the dean of students of the graduate division to which application is being made.An applicant who holds a degree from an accredited institution is considered for admission on the basis of (1) an undergraduate record, (2) a well-organized plan for graduate study, (3) Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and TOEFL scores, where required, and (4) recommendations from three college faculty members acquainted with the character, ability, potential, qualifications, and motivation of he applicant. Persons who have been away from school for several years may submit recommendationsfrom employers, professional associates, or supervisors. Transcripts of all academic work should be submitted with the application if at all possible; the applicant should request eachinstitution attended to provide an official transcript in a settled envelope.I. What can be concluded from the first paragraph?A) Only boys were admitted when the University of Chicago was founded.B) The University of Chicago is mainly financed by the government.C) The University of Chicago is located in the suburb of a city.D) The people of South Kenwood have similar cultural tradition.2. The University of Chicago has long been characterized by _____A) its cross-fertilization B) its long historyC) its excellent teaching staff D) its beautiful campus3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) The founder of the University of Chicago is also its first president.B) The University of Chicago began to enroll graduates since its foundation.C) Some of its first graduates or teachers became the presidents of its several colleges.D) The University of Chicago has always been reluctant to enroll students from other universities in its graduate programs.4. To whom should the application form for the admission to the graduate programs of the University of Chicago be addressed?A) The dean of students of its graduate division.B) The president of the university.C) The concerning professor.D) Any teachers in the university5. What is NOT a requirement for a graduate who wants to be admitted in the graduate programs in the University of Chicago?A) An undergraduate record. B) GRE scores.C) A detailed plan for graduate study. D) A national examination.Passage 8Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two- year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were complete contrary to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless“virtual”communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology per se ; it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. “It reallypo ints he need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”1. The word “well-being” (Line 1, Para. 1) is c losest in meaning toA) trouble B) health C) depression D) excitement2. What is the intended conclusion of the research conducted by Carnegie?A) Internet use may lead to mental dissatisfaction.B) Internet use is sure to cause a decline in mental well-being.C) People who spend just a few hours on the Internet will be happier.D) People who use TV are less socially healthier than those who use the Internet.3. Which of the following CANNOT explain the result of the research according to the passage?A) Internet users may spend less time with their family and friends.B) The “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying.C) Internet users may be less satisfied with their lives.D) Internet users make too many friends through the Internet.4. What lessons may be drawn from the result of the research?A) We should not have developed the Internet technology.B) We should change the way we use the Internet.C) We need Internet technology very much.D) TV is more useful than the Internet.5. What is the best title for the passage?A) The Popularity of Internet Use.B) The History of Internet Use.C) The Harm of Internet Use.D) The Fast Development of Internet Use.Passage 9The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term “computer virus” is the likeness between the biolo gical virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction The Adolescence of P-1written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program.Once attached to me host Program, the viruses then look for other programs to“infect”. In this way, the virus can spre ad quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi-user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So-called “benign”viruses might simply display a message, like the one tha t infected IBM’s main computer system last Christmas with a season’s greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.1. What results in the wide spread of computer viruses according to the passage?A) The overgrowth of computer.B) The likeness between the biological virus and evil program.C) The American science fiction The Adolescence of P-ID) The weak management of the government.2. What is computer virus in fact?A) A kind of biological virus.B) A kind of evil program.C) A kind of biological worm.D) Something that only exists in the fictions.3. What usually determines the variety of the virus attacks?A) The time the attack is made.B) The presence of a particular file.C) The security privilege level of the user.D) The different ways the virus was programmed.4. What is the harm of “benign” viruses according to the passage?A) “Benign” virus might wipe out data from the computer.B) “Benign” virus might de lete files.C) “Benign” virus might display a message.D) “Benign” virus might format the hard disk.5. Where does the term “computer virus” come from?A) It comes from a play.B ) It comes from a computer game.C) It comes from a science fiction.D) It comes from a news report.Passage 10Fast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a high in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things andspend more, analysts say.Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald’s to attract customers with a 55cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. 0’ Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant divi sion that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC. “It’s becoming harder a nd harder for these firms to grow,” said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. “I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation point becaus e of the number of competitors and the number of outlets.”Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 per cent in 1996, according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is a far cry from the levels of the 1970s and1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 per cent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 per cent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997.1. According to the passage, the following factors EXCEPT _____ lead to the slower growth of fast food industry.A) the tough competitionB) a richer populationC) the saturation of marketD) the lower quality of fast food2. Which of the following signs does NOT show that fast food industry is experiencinga hard time?A) Price-cutting by industry leaders.B) The leading role of fast food in the market of take-home foodC) The selling of KFC.D) The pulling out of some fast food restaurant.3. Who is a strong competitor to fast-food restaurants in the market take-home food according to the passage?A) Supermarkets. B) Chinese restaurants. C) Hotels. D) Groceries.4. What can be inferred from the passage?A) Fast-food restaurant revenues are declining.B) Fast food is very popular in the 1970s and the 1980s.C) The baby boom generation has never liked fast food.D) Rich people like fast food more.5. What is the passage mainly concerned about?A) The popularity of fast food.B) The disadvantage of fast food.C) The troubles of fast food.D) The advantages of fast food.。

美国总统克林顿【英文】

1992 Presidential Election
Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1992

Pushed for middle-class tax cuts and a national health-care
system
Relied on his wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, a top lawyer
Clinton presented himself as the protector of the middle class.
Clinton won 370 electoral votes to Bush’s 168, although Clinton won less than 50 percent of the popular vote.
At $248.2 billion for Canada and $163.3 billion for Mexico, they were the top two purchasers of US exports in 2010
At $276.4 billion for Canada and $229.7 billion for Mexico, they were the second and third largest suppliers of goods imports to the United States in 2010
The White House tried to pass a law to limit sexually explicit material, but the Supreme Court ruled that it violated the right to freedom of speech.