道桥专业英语第一课 英汉互译

一，Careers in Civil Engineering

Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized university education. Many government jurisdictions also have licensing procedures which require engineering graduates to pass an examination, similar to the examination for a lawyer, before they can actively start on their careers.

土木工程是一个意味着工程师必须要经过专门的大学教育的职业。许多政府管辖部门还有（一套）认证程序，这一程序要求工科毕业生在他们能积极地开始（从事）他们的事业之前，通过（认证）考试, 这种考试类似于律师职业里的律师考试一样。

In the university, mathematics, physics, and chemistry are heavily emphasized throughout the engineering curriculum, but particularly in the first two or three years. Mathematic is very important in all branches of engineering, so it is greatly stressed. Today, mathematics includes courses in statistics, which deals with gathering, classifying, and using numerical data, or pieces of information. An important aspect of statistical mathematics is probability, which deals with what may happen when there are different factors, or variables, that can change the results of a problem. Before the construction of a bridge is undertaken, for example, a statistical study is made of the amount of traffic the bridge will be expected to handle. In the design of the bridge, variable such as water pressure on the foundation, impact, the effects of different wind forces, and many other factors must be considered.

大学里, 工科课程中着重强调数学、物理, 和化学,尤其在开始的二到三年。在工科所有分支中，数学非常重要, 因此它被着重地强调。今天, 数学包括统计学中的课程主要涉及集合, 分类, 和使用数字数据, 或信息。统计数学的一个重要方面是概率, 它涉及当有改变问题的结果的不同的因素, 或变量时，可能会发生什么。例如，在承担桥梁的建设之前, 运用统计研究来预计未来桥梁期望承受的交通量. 在桥梁的设计中，(各种)变量如作用在基础上的水压, 碰撞, 不同的风力的作用, 以及许多其它因素必须考虑

Because a great deal of calculation is involved in solving these problems, computer programming is now included in almost all engineering curricula. Computer, of course, can solve many problems involving calculations with greater speed and accuracy than a human being can. But computers are useless unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information—in other words, a good program.

由于在解决这些问题涉及大量的计算, 现在几乎所有工科课程中都包括计算机编程。当然,计算机能比人类以更快的速度和准确性解决许多问题。但如果不给计算机清楚和准确指令和信息，换句话说，一个好程序，它也是无用的。

In spite of the heavy emphasis on technical subjects in the engineering curriculum, a current trend is to require students to take courses in the social science and the language arts. The relationship between engineering and society is getting closer; it is sufficient, therefore, to say again that the work performed by an engineer affects society in many different and important ways that he or she should aware of. An

engineer also needs a sufficient command of language to be able to prepare reports that are clear and, in many cases, persuasive. An engineer engaged in research will need to be able to write up his or her findings for scientific publications.

虽然，在工科课程中，对技术科目着重强调，但当前的趋势还是要求学生学习社会科学和语言艺术的课程。工程和社会间的关系变得更加紧密; 因此,再一次充分说明, 工程师负责（承担）的工程在许多不同和重要的方面影响社会,这些方面是他们所知道的。并且，工程师需要一种很肯定（自信）语言表达方式来准备报告，这个报告要清楚明了，且在多数情况下, 是令人信服的。参与研究的工程师要能为科学出版物详细描述他们的发现。

The last two years of an engineering program include subje cts within the student’s field of specialization. For the student who is preparing to become a civil engineer, these specialized courses may deal with such subjects as geodetic surveying, soil mechanics, or hydraulics.

最后两年的工科课程计划包括学生专业领域的学科。为准备使学生成为一名土木工程师, 这些专业课程可能会涉及诸如大地测量、土力学，或水力学。

Active recruiting for engineers often begins before the student’s last year in the university. Many different corporation and government agencies have competed for the services of engineers in recent years. In the science-oriented society of today, people who have technical training are, of course, in demand. Young engineers may choose to go into environmental or sanitary engineering, for example, where environmental concerns have created many openings; or they may choose construction firms that specialized in highway work; or they may prefer to work with one of the government agencies that deal with water resource. Indeed, the choice is large and varied.

学生在大学中的最后一年前常常就开始了频繁的工程师招聘。近年来，许多不同的公司和政府机构为争夺工程师而竞争。在今天这个重视科学技术的社会，受过技术训练的人当然是受欢迎的。年轻工程师也许选择进入环境或卫生工程领域工作, 例如, 在环境问题方面创造的许多机会; 或他们也许选择专门的高速公路工程的建筑公司; 或他们也许喜欢与政府机构当中处理水资源的机构之一共事。的确, 选择很多且多样。

When the young engineer has finally started actual practice, the theoretical knowledge acquired in the university must be applied. He or she will probably be assigned at the beginning to work with a team of engineers. Thus, on-the-job training can be acquired that will demonstrate his or her ability to translate theory into practice to the supervisors.

当年轻工程师最后开始了真正的实践, 必须要运用到大学中学到的理论知识。最初，他或她可能会被分配到与工程队合作。从而, 他们会得到在职的培训，这个培训将向管理人员证明他们将理论转化为实践的能力。

The civil engineering may work in research, design, construction supervision, maintenance, or even in sales or management. Each of these areas involves different