Thesis_ywwu_2010
中文大学生版Buss—Perry攻击性量表的修订与信效度分析
模拟卷辽宁大学人文社会科学博士研究生论文写作格式【范本模板】
Using the research method of literature, means of observation, behavioral approach, conceptual analysis and the pattern of information—seeking of local and overseas were analyzed and compared，Basic pattern strategies of technology information-seeking辽宁大学人文社会科学博士研究生论文写作格式一、论文各项内容排序1．封面2．内封3．英文封面4．原创性声明5．学位论文版权使用授权书6．中文摘要及关键词7．英文摘要及关键词8．目录9．图表目录10．正文11．附录12．参考文献13．致谢14．攻读博士学位期间取得的科研成果如文中存在图表和附录，需设立第9项“图表目录”和第11项“附录”，否则可以不设立这两个项目。
二、论文章节形式论文的章节按照以下形式排列：第1章绪论1。
1 1。
1.1 1。
1.1.1 1.1.1.1。
1 …………….1.2 1.2.1 1.2。
1。
1 1.2.1.1。
1…………………1。
3 1.3.1 1。
3。
1。
1 1.3。
1。
1。
1……………………………………………………………………。
第2章…………………………………2。
1 2.1。
1 2.1 。
1。
1 2.1.1.1。
1………….2。
2 2.2.1 2.2。
1。
1 2。
2.1。
1.1 ……………2。
3 2。
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1 2.3。
1。
1 2.3.1.1.1……………。
…………………………………………….第3章……………………………………….3.1 3。
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1 3。
1.1.1 3。
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2 3.2.1 3.2.1。
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2012.2.22-系统评价-模糊评价法
模糊子集
有限论域上，模糊子集可写成 有限论域上，模糊子集可写成
A= %隶ຫໍສະໝຸດ 度=∑i =1 n
γ A (u1 ) γ A (u2 )
u1 + u2
+L +
γ A (un )
un
γ A (ui )
ui
U中的元素 上式不是分式求和， 上式不是分式求和，只是一种表示方法
A %
= 0.4/天气好+0.6/天气不好
–模糊数学与计算机的发展：模糊识别 –模糊数学仅适用于：
• 有模糊概念，但是可以量化的场合
评价原理 模糊子集
论域
U
上的一个模糊子集
都指定了一个数
γ A (U ) ∈ [0,1]
A %
是指， 是指，对于任意
u ∈U
,叫做 叫做
γ A 叫做 A %
的隶属函数。 的隶属函数。
的隶属程度， u 对 A 的隶属程度， %
综合评价结果
综合隶属度 S＝WFR ＝ 综合得分 μ＝WES
81.43
评价步骤
• 1.确定因素集F和评语集E
– 因素集F={fi}：{1.教学计划及教学内容安排，2.，3…} – 评语集E={ej}：{好，较好，一般，较差}
• 2.统计，确定单因素评价隶属度向量，形成隶属度矩阵R
– 隶属度：多个评价主体（学生）对某个评价对象在fi方面做出ej的评价的 可能性大小 – 归一化，总体为1 – R={0.36, 0.56 0.08 0…}
评价等级 WE
班级： 班级：
好 （ 100 ） 较好(85) 较好 一般（ ） 一般（70） 较差（ ） 较差（55）
评价项目及权重W 评价项目及权重 F
2000-2010年硕士毕业论文中英文目录汇总2010年
2000-2010年硕士毕业论文中英文目录汇总2010年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）1.高素娟黄明斌王占礼黄河中游多沙粗沙区坡面土壤侵蚀动力学过程试验研究Experimental Study of Dynamic Processes of SoilErosion on Hillslope in the Coarse Sediment Regionof the Yellow River Middle Reaches环境科学20102.王浩王文龙黄土高塬沟壑区沟坡道路侵蚀特征及植物路防蚀机理研究Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics ofearth road erosion and the mechanism of plant-coveredroad reducing the road erosion on the Loess Plateau土壤学20103.王卫锋张岁岐ZmPIPs在玉米幼苗短期水分胁迫及复水中的生理作用The physiological roles of ZmPIPs in young maizeresponses to short term water stress and rewater植物学20104.吴妍张岁岐水分胁迫及复水条件下外源Ca2+对玉米幼苗根系吸水能力的影响Effect of Calcium on Water Uptake by Root of MaizeSeedling under Water Stress and Rehydration Conditions植物营养学20105.陈玉华张岁岐不同栽培模式对旱作冬小麦根系生长及水分利用的影响Effect of Different Cultivation Patterns on Root Growthand Water Use of Winter Wheat in Dryland生态学20106.聂朝娟邓西平花后水分亏缺对不同生态型小麦光合特性和蔗糖代谢的影响Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic characteristicsand sucrose metabolism of different varieties wheat afteranthesis生态学20107.陈炜邓西平不同栽培模式下旱地小麦灌浆过程中同化物转运的研究Effect of different cultivating models on the assimilatetranslocation in dryland wheats植物学20108.伍小兵邓西平H2O2 对甘薯幼苗不定根的生长和植株抗冷性的影响Effect of H2O2 on the adventitious root growth andchilling resistance of sweetpotato seedlings植物学20109.黄洁李世清栽培条件对作物生长及根系提水作用的影响Effects of different growth conditions on plant groeth androot hydraulic lift生态学201010.宋淑英李世清不同供氮水平小麦/玉米幼苗生理特性对CO2浓度倍增的响应Responses of physiological characteristics of wheat/maizeseedling to elevated co2 concentration植物营养学201011.汪羽宁李世清控制灌溉的土壤水分探头合理埋设深度研究Sensor Placement for Precise Irrigation Scheduling Using植物营养学2010Soil Moisture Information12.王佩玲李世清CO2浓度倍增与介质施氮对冬小麦物质生产及氮素利用的影响Effects of CO2 concentration elevation and nitrogenapplication on dry matter production and nitrogenutilization in winter wheat生态学201013.邢顺林李世清青藏高原与黄土高原土壤氮素矿化过程对温度变化响应的比较研究Comparative Study of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and LoessPlateau Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Process Response toTemperatures Change生态学201014.徐洪敏李世清栽培模式对黄土高原南部旱作春玉米干物质累积及水、氮利用效率的影响Effects of different cultivation management practices ondry matter accumulation and water-nitrogen utilizationefficiency of spring maize on the Loess Plateau植物营养学201015.王禹杨明义137Cs和210Pbex复合示踪研究东北黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率Investigating the Soil Erosion Rates on the CultivatedSlopes in the Northeast Black Soil Region of China Using137Cs and 210PbexMeasurements土壤学201016.刘远利郑粉莉WEPP型（坡面版）在东北黑土区的适用性评价Assessment onWEPPModel (Hillslope Version)Applicability to the Black Soil Region in NortheastChina地图学与地理信息系统201017.余叔同郑粉莉黄土丘陵区坡沟系统沟蚀发育过程模拟与可视化Simulation and Visullization of gully erosion developmentprocess in hillyslope-gully system of loess hilly region地图学与地理信息系统201018.郭晓清郑粉莉陕西省土地荒漠化动态变化及其防治管理信息系统Dynamic change of land desertification And it’scombatting management Information system in shaanxiprovince地图学与地理信息系统201019.陈吉强郑粉莉黄土坡面沟蚀发育过程的模拟试验研究An experimental study on loessial hillslope gully erosiondevelopment process地图学与地理信息系统201020.李国辉安韶山郑粉莉黄土丘陵区典型植物根际与非根际土壤性质差异的比较研究A comparative study on the differences of soil Propertiesbetween rhizosphere and Non- rhizosphere of typical plantIn the loess hilly region水土保持与荒漠化防治201021.张博闻邵明安原油在土壤中入渗的试验研究Experiment on crude oil infiltration Into soils环境科学201022.赵梅邵明安黄土区土石混合土壤水分有效性研究Water availability in stony soil on the loess plateau土壤学201023.张超刘国彬黄土丘陵区撂荒演替中根际微生物特性演变特征生态学2010薛萐Evolution of rhizosphere microbial properties during vegetation succession on abandoned slope cropland inhilly Loess Plateau24.杨晓梅程积民子午岭天然柴松林碳储量与碳密度研究Natural Pinus shenkaneusis Forest Carbon Storage andDensity in Ziwuling Area of Loess Plateau生态学201025.韩娟娟程积民子午岭辽东栎林碳储量与土壤理化性质研究Analysis of soil physical&chemical properties &carbonstorage about liaotungensi coummnity in ziwuling草业科学201026.孟蕾程积民子午岭人工油松林碳储量与碳密度研究Carbon storage and density of artificial Pinustabulaeformis forest in Ziwuling area草业科学201027.胡秀娟程积民子午岭辽东栎、油松、柴松群落生长特征研究The growing characteristics of quercus liaotungensis、pinus tabulaeformis and pinus tabulaeformis f.shekannesisforests In ziwu region生态学201028.范文娟张继敏程积民子午岭森林群落草本植物的结构特征研究Investigation of structural charateristics of herbages underforest plantations in zi wu-ling植物学201029.夏晓娟马永清不同年份早酥梨叶片浸提液对几种套种作物的影响Allelopathic Effect of Extracts from Different Age’sLeaves of Zaosu Pear on some Intercropping Crops植物化感201030.齐治军许明祥黄土丘陵区小流域水土流失的尺度效应Effect of different cultivating models on the assimilatetranslocation in dryland wheats生态学201031.方磊刘文兆黄土高塬沟壑区砚瓦川流域径流对土地利用变化的响应研究地资源与空间信息技术201032.沈红刘文兆 GCMs在黄土高原的适用性评估土地资源与空间信息技术201033.武阿锋刘文兆长武塬区不同土地利用方式对土壤水分剖面分布的影响土壤学201034.于金凤刘文兆黄土塬区苹果树蒸腾及果园蒸散特征研究生态学201035.张盼刘文兆长武塬区地下水位变化特征研究土地资源与空间信息技术20102009年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）36.谭贞学王占礼黄土坡面细沟侵蚀动力学过程组合小区模拟试验研究Multi-plot-based experimental modeling of dynamicprocesses of rill erosion on loess hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200937.马春艳王占礼黄河班多水电站工程区主要地类坡面侵蚀动力学过程试验研究Study of main slope erosion dynamic processes on project水土保持与荒漠化防治2009area of Banduo hydropower station of Yellow River38.陈绍宇王文龙高塬沟壑区溯源侵蚀发生发育规律研究—以董志塬为例Study of the development law of head-cut erosion onLoess Plateau-taking Dongzhiyuan as an example土壤学200939.冉茂勇赵允格黄土丘陵区生物结皮土壤抗冲性试验研究Experimental study on nti-scourability of soil withbiological soil crusts in hilly loess plateau region水土保持与荒漠化防治200940.陈彦芹赵允格黄土丘陵区藓结皮人工培养方法试验研究Experimental research on artificial culture of mosses crustsin hilly loess plateau region水土保持与荒漠化防治200941.刘立生张岁岐不同倍性冬小麦对水分和密度的响应Response of different ploidy winter wheat to moisture anddensity conditions生态学200942.赵紫平邓西平灌浆期水分胁迫对不同倍性小麦光合和糖代谢的影响Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity andsugar metabolism of different ploidy wheat during grainfilling stage生态学200943.赵坤李世清扰动土与原状土间歇淋洗长期通气培养法反映黄土高原土壤供氮能力比较研究Comparative study of disturbing and undisturbing soillong-term alternate leaching aerobic incubation forestimating soil N supplying capacity on the Loess Plateau生态学200944.陶武辉李世清施肥对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区植物产量及土壤矿质氮、水溶性有机碳/氮的影响The effect of fertilizer on the plant yield, mineral nitrgen,DOC and DON in wind-water erosion crisscross region onthe loess plateau植物营养学200945.朱琳李世清栽培模式对黄土高原旱地春玉米养分累积规律及利用效率的影响The effects of different cultivation practices on the nutrientaccumulation and utilization efficiency of spring maize onthe Loess Plateau植物营养学200946.李 静 李世清 大气氨营养对小麦和玉米根冠特征及氮效率的影响Effects of atmospheric NH3 on root canopy characteristicsand nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and maize生态学200947.张 扬 李世清沈玉芳干旱胁迫及施肥对作物根系提水作用的影响Effects of drought stress and fertilizer application onhydraulic lift in crop root system生态学 200948.刘志强 杨明义 黄土高原137Cs背景值空间分布特征与影响因素研究The Spatial Distribution of 137Cs Reference Inventory andIts Influence Factors on the Loess Plateau土壤学 200949.王 彬 郑粉莉 东北典型薄层黑土区土壤可蚀性关键因子分析与土壤可蚀性计算Key factors and calculation of soil Erodibility in thetypical eroded Black soil area of northeast china水土保持与荒漠化防治200950.丁晓斌 郑粉莉 基于GIS的坡面水文—侵蚀预报模型初步研究Hillslope Hydrology-Erosion Prediction Model Based onGIS地图学与地理信息系统200951.崔艳平 郑粉莉 近地表土壤水文条件对坡面土壤侵蚀和氮、磷养分流失的影响研究Effect of near-surface soil hydrological conditions on soilerosion and nutrient losses At hillslopes水土保持与荒漠化防治200952.张会茹 郑粉莉 红壤坡面与黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程对比研究Comparitive study upon soil erosion processes on red soilhillslope and loess hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200953.白一茹 邵明安 水蚀风蚀交错带坡面土壤水分特性研究Study on soil water properties on slope in water-winderosion crisscross region on the loess plateau环境科学 20092008年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）54.龚家国王文龙黄土坡面浅沟侵蚀影响因素及水动力过程模拟试验研究Experimental study on Influencing Factors and dynamicprocess of ephemeral gully erosion on Losses slope土壤学 200855.徐龙江杨明义黄土高原小流域洪水泥沙来源的复合指纹分析法研究Study on the Composite Fingerprinting Flood SuspendedSediment Sources in the Catchment on the Loess Plateau土壤学 200856.王英黄明斌径流曲线法（SCS-CN）的改进及其在黄土高原的应用Optimizing and Improving SCS-CN Method in LoessPlateau土壤学 200857.王凯博上官周平子午岭植被演替过程中物种多样性研究Studies on the species diversity In vegetation succession Inziwuling area生理生态 200858.邓娟上官周平子午岭人工油松林自然发育过程及其特征研究Study of the natural development and the characteristics ofartificial pinus tabuleaformis forest in ziwuling region生理生态 200859.邵瑞鑫上官周平外源NO 对水分亏缺下小麦叶片光合能力的调控效应The effectsof exogenousnitricoxide on Regulatingphotosynthetic capacity of Wheatleaves under waterdeficit生理生态 200860.陈美玲上官周平子午岭林区植被群落植物优势种能量和养分特征研究Energy and nutrient characteristics of the dominant plantspecies in ziwuling forest of the loess plateau生理生态 200861.段军彪上官周平黄土高原小流域侵蚀预测与景观虚拟研究Research on Soil Erosion Prediction and Virtual RealityLandscape in Small Watershed of Loess Plateau计算机应用技术200862.李静上官周平黄土坡面水蚀模拟的关键技术研究Research of key technology of water erosion simulation inloess slope计算机应用技术200863.连振龙刘普灵黄土丘陵区典型流域植被恢复减沙效益研究Study on Effect of Vegetation Restoration on SedimentReduction in the Loess Hilly Region土壤学 200864.周小平张岁歧玉米根系生长、功能的基因型差异及其对水分利用效率的影响Root growth and function of different genotype maize andits effection on water use efficiency生态学 200865.黄传琴邵明安干湿交替过程中土壤胀缩特征的试验研究Experimental Study on Soil Shrinking and SwellingCharacteristics during the Alternative Drying and WettingProcesses土壤学 200866.王幼奇邵明安樊军水蚀风蚀交错带典型植被蒸散特征研究Study on evapotranspiration of vegetation in water-winderosion crisscross region on the loess plateau土壤学 200867.赵爱辉黄明斌黄土水力参数的测定与间接推求方法研究Hydraulic Parameters Measurements and Estimations forLoess Soils土壤学 200868.刘雨安韶山郑粉莉黄土高原丘陵沟壑区燕沟流域植被恢复对土壤质量的影响研究Effects of vegetation restoration on soil quality in yangoucatchment in hilly-gully region of the loess plateau水土保持与荒漠化防治200869.汪晓勇郑粉莉黄土坡面土壤侵蚀—搬运过程试验研究An experimental study on soil detachment and transportprocesses at loessial hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200870.张鹏郑粉莉沟蚀发育过程动态监测研究Monitoring of gully erosion development: Process anddynamics土地资源与空间信息技术200871.张长保李世清王全九樊军降雨条件下黄土坡面土壤养分迁移特征试验研究Loess slope nutrient migration experimental Study onrainfall condition植物营养学 200872.宋翔李世清王全九樊军黄土旱塬冬小麦产量与水氮及其耦合关系模型的研究Study on the relation between winter wheat yield andwater-nitrogen and its interaction modle on the LoessDryland植物营养学 200873.冯宏昭李世清降雨对玉米冠层磷素淋洗的研究Effect of rainfall on phosphorus leaching in maize conopy生态学 200874.党蕊娟李世清施氮对冬小麦/夏玉米光合调控的研究Study on photosynthesis regulation of winter wheat/summer maize by nitrogen applied植物营养学 200875.华瑞李世清介质供磷水平对冬小麦/玉米苗期生长过程的调控作用Regulation of phosphorus supplying rates on the WinterWheat-Maize seedling growthing process植物营养学 200876.闫登明李世清氮素形态和铁营养对几种作物同化过程及体内铁分布的影响Effec of nitrogen forms and iron nutrition on assimilation植物营养学 2008process and iron distribution of different crops77.穆晓慧李世清黄土高原农田土壤Cd和P形态分级及生物有效性研究Study on cd and p fractionation and bioavailability infarmland soil of the loess plateau农业环境保护与食品安全20082007年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）78.刘小芳张岁岐单根和细胞水平玉米根系吸水的杂种优势The Heterosis of Water Uptake by Roots of Maize atSingle Root and Cell Level生态学 200779.田风霞王占礼郑世清黄土山坡植物路防蚀效应模拟试验研究Experimental Modeling of Anti-erosion Benefits of PlantRoad on Loess Hillslope土壤学 200780.谭红朝李秧秧黄土丘陵区几种主要树木径向生长、液流及其与环境条件的关系The Radial Growth, Sap Flow of Several Trees and theirRelation with Environmental Factors in the Loess Hilly Area生态学 200781.周雪英邓西平不同倍性小麦对旱后复水的生理生态响应Physiological effects of post-drought And rewatering onwheat with different pliody生态学 200782.李建梅邓西平转Cu/Zn-SOD、APX基因甘薯对水分胁迫及复水的生理生化响应Physiological and biochemical responses of transgenicsweet potato expressing both cu/zn-sod and apx genes todrought and rewatering conditions生态学 200783.韦兰英上官周平黄土高原不同演替阶段草地植被细根分布及其生态特征研究Study on the vertical distribution and ecologicalcharacteristic of the fine root in different abandonded yeargrassland in loess plateau生态学 200784.刘勇上官周平子午岭典型森林群落生物量与土壤水分、养分的关系The relationship between community biomass and soilmoisture 、soil nutrient i n ziwuling typical forests生态学 200785.付晓莉邵明安土壤水分特征曲线测定过程中的压实效应研究Study on compaction effects during soil watercharacteristic Curve measurement环境科学 200786.丛 伟张兴昌重金属Se在土壤中的运移规律研究Solute transport regularity of se in soil土壤学 200787.张晋爱张兴昌黄土高原不同植被覆盖下土壤性质的时空变异特征Temporal and spatial variability of soil quality underdifferent vegetation covering on the loess plateau土壤学 200788.南维鸽李世清田间杂草对冬小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响The Effects of Weeds on the Winter Wheat Yield and theNitrogen Use Efficiency植物营养学 200789.金发会李世清黄土高原土壤供氮能力测定方法的比较研究Comparison of the methods of assessing soil n-supplyingcapacity on loess plateau植物营养学 200790.侯红乾李世清冬小麦-杂草氮素营养竞争研究Study on nitrogen competition between winter-wheat andweed植物营养学 200791.王锦峰李世清不同栽培模式和施氮水平对冬小麦籽粒产量及蛋白质形成的影响Effects of different cultivation mode and nitrogenprovision levels on construction of output and protien ofwinter wheat grains植物营养学 200792.张国桢李世清石灰性土壤硝化作用模型的研究S studing on the nitrification kinetic models In thecalcareous soil种植 200793.李小霞李世清栽培模式、施氮量和播种密度对冬小麦冠层及产量构成特征的影响The effect of cultivate mode, nitrogen fertilizer rate andplanting density on the winter wheat conpy and yieldcharacters作物生理生态200794.王建勋郑粉莉WEPP模型（坡面版）在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的适用性评价Assessment on WEPP Model Applicability（Hillslopeversion）to the Hilly-gully Region of the Loess Plateau水土保持与荒漠化防治200795.王志刚李靖郑粉莉不同近地表水文条件下紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程研究Study on Purple Soil Erosion Process at Sloping CultivatedField under Different Surface Hydrological Condition水土保持与荒漠化防治20072006年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）96.秦娟上官周平子午岭林区山杨－辽东栎混交林生理生态效应研究Eco-physiological Effect of Populus davidiana-Quercusliaotungensis Mixed Forests in Ziwuling Forest Area生态学 200697.吴安慧张岁岐玉米根系AQP表达的基因型差异及其与抗旱性的关系The expression differences of aquaporins genes in maizeroots among genotypes and its relation with droughtresistance生态学 200698.李筠邓西平水分胁迫对转Cu/Zn SOD 和APX基因甘薯抗氧化和叶绿素荧光的影响Effect of water stress on antioxidation and chlorophy Ⅱfluorescence of Cu/Zn SOD and APX gene transferredsweet potato生态学 200699.胡伟邵明安王全九黄土坡面土壤水分时空变异性研究Temporal-Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture on aSlope-land on the Loess Plateau生态学 2006100.牛振华王占礼坡面土壤侵蚀物理模型及其率定与验证Physically-based Model of Soil Erosion on Hillslope andIts Calibration and Validation土壤学 2006101.韩凤朋张兴昌黄土高原小流域不同尺度土壤养分的空间变异Spatial variability of soil nutrient on slope and watershedscale on the Loess Plateau土壤学 2006102.范亚宁李世清云雾山草地小尺度植物多样性及土壤-植物养分空间变异性研究Study on plant diversity and soil-plant spatial variability insmall scale in yunwu mountain grassland生态学 2006103.刘毅李世清黄土高原不同生境条件下土壤结构体分形及碳、氮分布Fractal dimensions of soil aggregates and istribution ofcarbon and nitrogen from different environments in theLoess Plateau植物营养学 2006104.吉春容李世清品种、种子大小和施肥对冬小麦生物学性状、光合-荧光特征和氮磷养分效率的影响Effect of variety, seed size and fertilization oncharacteristics of biological and photo synthesis-fluorescence, nutrition efficiency of n and p of winter wheat生态学 2006105.李紫燕李世清黄土高原典型土壤有机氮矿化及铵态氮对土壤氮素激发效应的研究Study on the primin effect caused by ammonium andMineralizaton of organic nitrogen in the typical soils onLoess Plateau植物营养学 2006106.刘殿红黄占斌保水剂对马铃薯生长效应及其机理研究A study on effect of aquasorb on growth of potato and itsacting mechanism生态学 2006107.李建玲黄占斌多功能保水剂对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率(WUE)影响研究Effects of multi-function aquasorb on yield and water useefficiency (WUE) of potatoes生态学 2006108.迟永刚黄占斌李茂松小麦进化过程中的光合生理特性研究Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat inprocess of evolution生态学 2006109.曾辰邵明安水蚀风蚀交错带不同植被覆盖条件坡面土壤水分循环的实验研究Study on the soil water cycle on slope with differentconditions of vegetation covering in water-wind erosioncrisscross region土壤学 2006110.刘春利邵明安水蚀风蚀交错带坡地土壤物理特性时空变异性研究Study on soil physical properties temporal-spatial variabilityof a slope in the wind-water erosion crisscross region生态学 2006111.史磊邓西平水分胁迫下不同基因型小麦光合特性的比较研究Photosynthetic characteristics of different wheat genotypesunder water stress生态学 2006112.申震洲谢永生刘普灵REE示踪研究坡面侵蚀过程及不同下垫面撂荒地的减沙效益Study on the processes of soil erosion using ree tracers onsloping land and the effect on reducing sediment ofdifferent underlying surfaces土壤学 2006113.刘力郑粉莉紫色土和黄土坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程对比研究Comparison study on purple soil and loess soil erosionprocesses at sloping cultivated field水土保持与荒漠化防治2006114.吕春花郑粉莉子午岭地区植被恢复对土壤质量的影响研究Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Quality in theZiwuling Area水土保持与荒漠化防治2006115.张锋郑粉莉子午岭地区植被破坏加速侵蚀对土壤质量退化过程的影响Effects of accelerated erosion caused by deforesation onsoil quality degradation process in the ziwuling area水土保持与荒漠化防治2006116.王振宇李凤民水分胁迫和断根对冬小麦根源信号、竞争能力及与产量形成的关系Root-sourced signals, competitive ablity and It’srelationship with yield of winter wheat Affected by rootexcision in a semiarid植物生理生态20062005年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）117.张煜邓西平水分胁迫对不同进化小麦抗氧化与叶绿素荧光的影响Effect of water stress on antioxidation and chlorophyllfluorescence of different evolutionary types of wheat生态学 2005118.王周锋张岁岐玉米根系水导差异的生理生态原因分析Analysis on physiological and ecological reason for lprdifference of root system of maize生态学 2005119.黄新会王占礼黄土区坡面水文模型研究Hydrology Prediction Model of Loess Hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治2005120.赵琳李世清氮肥和栽培模式对半湿润农田生态系统冬小麦个体-群体调控的研究The study of nitrogenous fertilizer and planting modesonthe relationship between individual and colony of winterwheat in the sub-humid area ecology system植物营养学 2005121.沈新磊李世清冬小麦源库大小改变对产量构成及产量的影响Effects of Winter Wheat Source-Sink Change on theYields and Yield Structures植物营养学 2005122.王瑞军李世清农牧交错带地膜春玉米生态特征及其氮肥效应的研究Study on ecological characteristics and nitrogen Effect ofplastic film-mulching spring corn in the Crisscross regionof agriculture-pasture植物营养学 2005123.张安邦上官周平李秧秧黄土高原半干旱区小流域生态水文效应及过程模拟Ecohydrological Effect and Hydrological Processes生态学 2005Simulation in the small catchment of the Loess Pleatu’ semiarid area124.薛晓辉张兴昌黄土高原植被恢复对土壤碳、氮养分的影响Effect of re-vegetation on soil carbon and nitrogen on theLoess Plateau土壤学 2005125.丁晋利郑粉莉7Be示踪坡面土壤侵蚀过程及机理研究Application of 7Be to Quantifying Soil Erosion Processand Mechanism at Hillslope土壤学 2005126.武敏郑粉莉坡面汇流汇沙与浅沟侵蚀过程研究Effects of Up-slope Runoff and Sediment on EphemeralGully Erosion Process at Loess Hillslopes水土保持与荒漠化防治20052004年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）127.潘成忠上官周平黄土区草地坡面侵蚀产沙过程的调控Grass vegetation influence on plot erosion sedimentproducing processes on loess area生态学 2004128.张亚丽张兴昌径流与土壤矿质氮素作用深度的确定Confirmation of the effective depth of interaction ofrunoff with soil mineral nitrogen土壤学 2004129.贾媛媛郑粉莉王占宏黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域分布式水蚀预报模型初步研究Distributed water erosion prediction model at smallwatershed scale in the loessial hilly-gully region水土保持与荒漠化防治2004130.王红闪黄明斌黄土沟壑区不同植被类型水文生态演变研究Study on hydroecological environmental changes underdifferent types of vegetation in the gully region of theLoess Plateau土壤学 2004131.辛小桂黄占斌保水剂及其功能复合材料对玉米生长和抗旱性的影响Effect of aquasorb and its compound materials withmulti-function on growth and drought resistance of maize生态学 2004132.袁永慧邓西平不同基因型小麦变水条件下的补偿效应研究Compensatory effect of different wheat genotypes underwater deficient and rewatering conditions生态学 2004133.薛亚洲刘普灵利用REE示踪技术研究黄土坡面土壤侵蚀演变过程Using rare-earth elements tracers technology to studyspatial and temporal processes of Soil Erosion on slopingland of the Loess Plateau水土保持与土壤侵蚀2004134.杨晓青梁宗锁张岁岐不同类型冬小麦品种根系特性及其与WUE的关系研究Study on relations between roots characteristics and WUEof different type winter wheat varieties植物水分生理生态2004135.朱元骏黄占斌保水剂模拟非均衡根土水环境下玉米生长和WUE研究Growth and WUE of maize in heterogeneous roots-soilwater environment simulated by aquasorb生态学 2004136.贾松伟贺秀斌黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀对土壤有机碳迁移的影响水土保持与2004陈云明The effect of soil erosion on soil organic carbon migrationin Loess hilly region of northwestern China荒漠化防治2003年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）137.张文菊吴金水三江平原典型湿地生态系统有机碳积累及影响机制研究Study on the accumulation of organic carbon and it’saffecting mechanism of typical wetland ecosystem insanjiang plain, north-east China土壤学 2003138.周印东吴金水子午岭植被演替过程中土壤有机碳积累与变化Study on the accumulation of soil organic carbon in thevegetation successions in Ziwuling region土壤学 2003139.方峰黄占斌大垄沟改良措施对玉米生长和WUE影响的研究Study on the effect of broad ridge improved measures tomaize growth and water use efficiency生态学 2003140.俞满源黄占斌保水剂与氮肥对马铃薯生长和WUE效应及其机制研究The response of growth and water use efficiency of potatoto aquasorb and nitrogen and it’s mechanism生态学 2003141.郭彦彪李占斌流域地貌形态与降雨侵蚀产沙关系研究Study on relationship between watershed topography andsediment yield by rainfall erosion in loess area水土保持与荒漠化防治2003142.郑良勇李占斌黄土地区陡坡水蚀动力过程试验研究Experimental study on dynamic process of soil erosion onloess slope水土保持与荒漠化防治2003143.毛明策史俊通上官周平黄土高原节水农业专家系统的研制The development of the water saving agricultural expertsystem of Loess Plateau作物栽培学与耕作学2003144.李立青刘普灵7Be和137Cs复合示踪坡耕地土壤侵蚀产沙的空间分布特征Use of 7Be and 137Cs measurements to study the patternof soil erosion on cultivated slope land土壤学 2003145.宋炜刘普灵利用REE示踪法研究黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程Using REE tracers to measure sheet erosion changing torill erosion on loess slope水土保持与荒漠化防治2003146.白登忠邓西平水分亏缺下番茄水分传输途径和根冠大小对蒸腾和WUE的调控Tomato transpiration and WUE regulated by water transportpath and size of shoot and root under water deficit生态学 2003147.黄明丽邓西平不同基因型小麦水分、养分利用效率的比较研究Comparison of water and nutrient use efficiencies indifferent wheat genotypes生态学 2003148.王生毅邓西平干旱胁迫对番茄根系水导的影响及液泡膜水通道蛋白表达量检测研究Research on water transportation of drought stressed tomatoroot systems and tonoplast aquaporins expression quantity生物化学与分子生物学2003149.王辉雷廷武径流含沙量与流量机电一体化测控系统研究及应用An automatically controlled system for measurement ofsediment and discharge rate of runoff and its applications水土保持与荒漠化防治2003150.冒建华雷廷武草地集中水流土壤侵蚀室内模拟试验及聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对草地出苗影响试验研究Laboratory simulation experiments on soil erosion fromgrass-covered surface under concentrated flow and theeffects of pam on the germination of Alfalfa水土保持与荒漠化防治2003151.张丽张兴昌水分-氮素-光照对玉米生长的互作效应Interactions of nitrogen, water with light on the growth ofmaize土壤学 2003152.何福红黄明斌党廷辉黄土高原沟壑区小流域水文性质的空间变异性Spatial variability of hydrological properties in acatchment of the gully region, the Loess Plateau土壤学 2003153.慕自新梁宗锁张岁岐玉米根系特征与其水分关系研究Studies on maize root traits and whole plant water relations植物学 20032002年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）154.景为邵明安推求土壤非饱和运动参数的方法Estimating Methods for Soil Hydraulic Properties土壤学 2002155.彭浩邵明安张兴昌黄土区土壤钾素径流流失规律研究Research on Soil Potassium Loss by Erosion in Loessial Area土壤学 2002156.卢金伟李占斌土壤团聚体水稳定性及其与土壤可蚀性之间关系研究Study on relation between water stability of soil aggregateand soil erodibility水土保持与荒漠化防治2002157.刘纪根雷廷武坡耕地施加PAM降雨入渗产流及侵蚀产沙规律试验研究Study on the Laws of Rainfall Infiltration Runoff andErosion Sediment on Slopeland Treated With PAM土壤学 20022001年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）158.郑纪勇邵明安土壤中溶质运移的边界层方法Boundary Layer Method for Solute Transport in Soils土壤学 2001159.肖培青郑粉莉上方来水来沙对坡面侵蚀过程影响的试验研究An Experimental Study on Effects of Up-slope RunoffandSediment on Down-slope Erosion Process水土保持与荒漠化防治2001160.张睛雯雷廷武细沟水蚀动力过程试验研究Study on the dynamic process of rill erosion土壤学 2001161.丁文峰李占斌黄土区坡面径流侵蚀的动力过程试验研究The experimental study on dynamic process of overlandflow on loess slope surface土壤学 2001162.张厚华黄占斌灌溉、覆盖对玉米生理及产量的影响生态学 2001。
Engineering Circuit Analysis-CH1-Full
1.1 Basic Concepts and Electric Circuits
Resistance: R = V/I, 1 =1V/A, ohm; Conductance: G = 1/R = 1A/V, siemens (S); 1S = 1A/V, i(t) = G × v(t);
Instantaneous current and voltage at time t;
1,0 t Example: Given function f ( wt ) during a period: 1, t 2
f (ω t )
For the example :
2
3
ωt
1 1 T A0 f t dt 2 T 0
Teaching Schedule
Weeks 1, 2 Chapters Basis concepts and laws of electronics References Hayt: Ch 1 2 5
3, 4
5 6, 7, 8 9 10, 11
Basis analysis methods to circuits
1.1 Basic Concepts and Electric Circuits The AM Radio System
Fourier Series: A Fourier series decomposes a periodic function (or signal) into the sum of a set of sines and cosines. Given function f(t) with angular frequency ω and period T, its Fourier series can be written as:
thesis
可口可乐的营销策略Marketing Strategy ofCoca-cola班级：05英商2班姓名学号1.金秀0593*******2.王荻0593*******3.鲁茜0593*******4.李妍0593*******5.莫克钦0593*******制作人：金秀2005年3月25日Key Words: History , Strategy , Comparison , Olympic【摘要】“可口可乐”——一个几乎全球人都知道的名字！这种风行世界一百余年的奇妙液体，以它不可抗拒的魅力征服了全世界数以亿计的消费者，成为“世界饮料之王”，它所带给我们的不仅是其产品饮用时的欢畅，更让我们见识到一个产品背后的经营理念及一个大品牌的崛起！1892年，商人“坎得勒”以二千三百美元买下可口可乐秘方的所有专利权，并创立可口可乐公司。
在他的领导下，不足三年便把可口可乐推广到全美各地。
Preface“C oc a-c ol a”-a n am e t ha t al m os t e ve r yo n e k no ws a r ou nd t h e w o rl d! T hi s m a gi c l i q ui d,w h i c h i s i n po pu l ar f o r m o r e t h a n h und r e d ye a r s,ha s c o nq u e re d bi l l i o ns of c on s u m er s i n t h e wo rl d wi t h i t s i r r es i s t i bl e f a s ci n at i on a nd b e co m e “K i n g o f t h e W o rl d B e v er a ge”, i t b ri n gs u s n ot o nl y t h e j o y w h e n w e d r i n k, bu t al so t h e b us i n e s s c on c ep t of a p r o d u ct a n d t h e gro w u p of a gr e a t b ra nd!In1892, a m e r ch an t n a m e d“C a nd l e r”①bo u ght t h e pa t e nt o f C o ca-c ol a’s s e c r et r e ci p e wi t h 23 m i l l i on o f d ol l a rs,a nd a l s o h e e s t a bl i sh e d C o c a-c o l a En t er p ri s e. Le d b y h i m,t he c om p an y m a d e C o ca-c ol a a r ou nd A m e ri c a l e s s t ha n 3ye a r s.[1]I. History of Coca-colaI-1. Establishment of Coca-Cola“C o ca-C ol a t r a c es i t s o ri gi ns t o 1886 w h e n J o hn P e m b e rt on②,w ho d e v el op ed p at e nt m e d i ci n e s, c r e at ed a d r i n k f r om c a rb on at e d w a t er, c an e s u ga r s yr u p,c a ff ei n e,a nd e x t r a c t s o f ko l a nu t s an d c o c a l e a v es”. P em b er t o n f ou nd t he d ri nk bot h m ed i c i n a l a nd r e fr e s hi n g, a n d h e s ou ght t o m a rk et i t.Hi s bo o kk e ep e r,F r a nk M.R o bi ns on,s u gge s t e d t h e n am e.C o ca-C ol a—af t er t h e t w o ex t r a ct s i n t h e i n gr e di e nt s—and a l s o w r ot e t h e p r od u ct’s n am e i n d i s t i n ct i v e s c ri pt.C o ca-C ol a h as u s ed t h at s am e l o go e v e r si nc e. P em be r t o n a nd R o bi n so n al s o c oi n ed t h e d ri nk’s fi rs t s l o ga n,“D el i ci o us an d R ef r e s hi n g.③”①in 1892 an entrepreneur named Isa ridge forced obtained “the Coca-Cola” the formula and the property rights②John Stith Pemberton:(1831.7-1888.8) an Atlanta pharmacist, produced the syrup for Coca-Cola③Coca-Cola Tin Sign ----This new, almost miniature tin sign only measures 9.5 x 9.5" which makes it the perfect tin sign for any space of your house or office. On the sign, it says "Delicious and Refreshing Drink Coca-Cola Sold Everywhere 5P em b er t o n, ho w e ver, w as i l l, a nd h e wo ul d n ot l i v e t o s ee hi s p ro du ct’s s u c c ess. In t h e i r f i r s t ye a r s e l l i n g C ok e, he an d h i s p ar t n e r s m a de o nl y $50. P em b e rt on s ol d t w o-t hi r ds o f hi s b us i n e-s s i n 1888 t o co v er h i s l o s s es a nd k e ep t h e b us i n es s a fl o a t. H e di ed l at e r t h at ye a r a n d A s a C a ndl e r, a n At l an t a w ho l es al e d r uggi s t,pu r c h as ed t ot al i n t e r e s t i n C oc a-C o l a f o r $2300 i n 1891. Th e n ex t ye a r C an dl e r an d h i s b r ot he r, J o hn;F r a n k R ob i n s o n;a n d t w o a s s o ci at e s fo rm e d t h e C o ca-C ol a C o.[2]I-2 . Development of Coca-ColaI-2-1. Early growthIn1893 C an dl e r r egi st e r e d C oc a-C ol a a s a p a t e nt e d t r ade m a rk. H e a l s o r e sp on d ed t o gr o wi n g co nc e r ns ov e r t h e d a n ge rs o f c oc a i n e b y r e d u ci n g t he am oun t o f co c a i n t h e dr i nk t o a t r a c e. H ow e v e r,h e k ep t s om e c o ca ex t r a ct i n C o ca-C ol a s o t he na m e w ou l d a c c ur a t el y d e s c r i b e t h e d ri n k.C a nd l e r o nl y h a d a p at en t o n t h e n am e, a nd n ot t h e dr i n k s yr u p—t h at i s, t h e d r i n k’s b as e, c on t ai ni n g al l t h e i n gr e di e nt s m i nus t h e c a r b on at e d w at e r. H e fi gu r ed t h a t ke ep i n g t h e c o ca i n h i s fo rm ul a wo ul d l e ga l l y a l l ow t h e co m p a n y t o d i s t i n gui s h i t s dr i n k fr om i m i t at i on s. Ot h er c o m p a ni es al so pro d uc e d s od a dr i n ks m ad e wi t h k ol a n ut ex t r a ct s.In p a rt i cul a r, t he P eps i-C o l a C o m p an y (s e e P e ps i C o, In c.)a n d i t s c ol a o f t h e s am e n a m e(or P ep si, f o r sh o rt)w o ul d b e com e C o ca-C o l a’s m a j o r c o m p et i t o r o v er t h e n ex t f e w d ec a d es.D u ri n g Wor l d War II (1939-1945),Wo od r u ff al so bo os t ed C ok e’s p o pul a r i m a ge i n t h e U ni t e d St at e s by p l e d gi n g t h a t hi s co m p a n y w o ul d p r ov i d e C o k e t o ev e r y U.S.s o l d i e r.T h e c om p an y d i d n ot l i m i t i t s el f, h o w ev e r,t o o nl y d oi n g b usi n es s t ha t w oul d i n c r ea s e i t s s u c c es s i n A m e ri c a.In t h e p e ri od l e ad i n g up t o t h e w ar, b et w e en1930a nd1936, i t cents."h a d s e t u p a d i vi s i o n of t h e c om pa n y i n G er m a n y,a n d i t c ont i n ue d t h at v e nt ur e d u ri n g t h e w a r.It r e c r e at e d i t s i m a ge a s a G er m an c om p a n y a n d a l l o w ed t h e Ge rm a ns t o p r od u c e a l l bu t t w o,s ec r e t,C oc a-C ol a i n gr ed i ent s i n t hei r ow n f a ct o ri e s. In1941 t h e G e rm a n com p an y’s p r e si d e nt, M ax Ke i t h,d e ve l o p ed Fa n t a o r an ge s od a us i n g o r an ge f l av o ri n g a nd al l t h e G er m an-m a de C ok e i n gr e di e nt s. T h e C o c a-C o l a C om pa n y’s w a rt i m e e ffo rt s h e l p ed i t ex p a nd i t s gl ob a l m a rk e t, o ft en wi t h t h e e c on om i c s up po r t of t h e e r nm e nt. B y t h e end of t h e w a r i n 1945, i t h ad e st a bl i s h ed64 ov e rs e a s bo t t l i n g pl an t s. Th at s am e ye a r t h e c o m p a n y r e gi s t er e d a p a t e nt o n C o c a-C ol a’s po pul a r ni c kn a m e, C o k e.I-2-2. Postwar GrowthIn1955R ob e rt Wo od r u ff r et i r e d a s t h e C o c a-C ol a C om p a n y’s p r e si d e nt. C a nd l er a n d Woo d ru ff a re r e m e m b e r ed as t he t w o m o s t i m p or t ant fi gu r e s i n t h e c om p an y’s e ar l y gr o w t h, b ot h fo r t h ei r c o nt ri bu t i o ns t o t he c om pa n y a n d t h ei r c on si d e r ab l e fo r t u n es d on at e d t o t h e ci t y o f A t l ant a.A f t e r Woo d ru ff’s d ep a rt ur e, t h e com p an y b e ga n t od i ve rs if y b y p r o duc i ng n e w p r od uc t s,a cq ui ri n g n ew bu s i n es s e s, a nde n t er i n g n ew i nt e rna t i on a l m a r k et s.In1960t h e C o c a-C o l a C o m p an y p u r c ha s e d t h e M i n ut e Ma i d C o r p., p r od u c er o f f ru i t j ui c es,an d b e ga n o ffe r i n g C o k e i n c a ns. B e t w e en 1960 a n d 1963 i t a l s o l a u n ch e d fo u r n e w s o ft d ri n ks i n t h e U n i t ed St at e s: F a n t a, a n or a n ge so d a;S p ri t e, a l e m on-l i m e s o d a;Tab, a di et c ol a;a nd F r e s c a, a di et gr a pe f r ui t-fl a vo r e d so da.I n1964 t h e com p an y a c q ui r ed t h e D un c a n Fo od s C o rp. In 1967 i t c r ea t e d t h e C o c a-C ol a F o o ds Di v i s i on (l at e r C o c a-C o l a F o o ds) b y m e rgi ng i t s Du n c an a nd M i nut e M ai d o p e r at i on s.In t h e l a t e 1960s, C o c a-C ol a f a c e d di ffi c ul t i e s i n s om e o f i t s f o r ei gnm a rk e t s. W h e n t h e c o m p a n y b u i l t a bot t l i n g p l ant i n Is r a e l at t he ou t s et o f t h e A r a b-Is r a e l i War,t he go v e rnm e n t s o f al l A r ab Le a gu e n at i o ns b a nn e d t h e p ro du ct i o n an d s al e of C ok e. A ye a r l a t er t h e c om p an y w i t hd r e w f rom i t s m ar k et s i n In d i a w he n t h at c ou nt ry’s go v e r n m e nt r e q u es t e d t h at C o c a-C ol a r e du c e i t s e qu i t y i n j oi n t v ent u re s t o 40 p er c e nt. T h e co m p a n y r e f u s ed t o r el i n qui sh s o m u c h co nt ro l o v e r t hos e o p e r at i on s.In1977C o c a-C ol a be ga n p a ck a gi n g C ok e a nd ot h e r d ri n ks i n t w o-l i t e r p l as t i c bo t t l e s. T h e p op ul a ri t y o f t h es e l a rge bo t t l e s gr e w o v e r t i m e, an d t h ei r s al es e a rn e d t h e c om p a n y n e w p ro f i t s,p ri m a ri l y i n s m al l s p e ci al t y a n d c on ve ni e n ce st o re s.In1982t h e c om p a n y i n t r od u ce d D i et C ok e, w h i c h so on b e c am e t h e b e s t-s el l i n g di e t s of t d ri n k i n t h e w o rl d.A l s o i n1982C o ca-C o l a p ur c h as ed t h e m o t i on-p i ct u r e c o m p a n y C ol um b i a P i ct ur e s In d u s t ri es,In c.,al s o k no w n as Tri-St a r P i ct u re s,f or a l m os t $700 m i l l i on. Tw o ye a r s l at e r, t h e c om pa n y s o l d off i t s C ol um bi a h ol di n gs an d o t h e r m e di a aq ui si t i o ns t o S o n y C o rp o r at i on fo r o v e r $1.5 b i l l i o n.B y 1984 P e ps i-C ol a h a d ga i n ed o n C o k e’s p r evi ou s d om i n at i o n o f t h e U.S.m a rk et t o t h e p oi nt t h at t he t w o ha d a l m o s t equ a l s al es. In a n a t t e m pt t o r e gai n m a rk e t do m i na nc e,t h e com p an y a t t e m pt e d t h e f i rs t-e v er r e vi s i o n o f t h e o ri gi na l C o k e re c i p e. T he Am e ri c a n pu bl i c l a rge l y r e j e c t e d N ew C ok e, an d s o t h e c om p a n y q u i ckl y r e t ur n ed t o a l s o p r od u ci n g t h e ol d re c i pe u nd e r t h e n am e C o c a-C ol a C l ass i c.I-2-3.Recent developmentsIn1986T he C o c a-C ol a C om pa ny c o n so l i d a t ed al l o f i t s n o nf r a nc hi s ed U.S. bo t t l i n g o p er a t i o ns as C o c a-C o l a E nt e rp r i s es, In c. T h e n ew c om pa n y b e gan a c qu i r i n g i n d ep e nd e nt bot t l i ng c om p an i e s, av e nt ur e t h at gr e w i n t o t h e wo rl d’s l a rge s t bot t l e r o f s of t d r i n ks b y 1988. W h i l e C o c a-C o l a E nt e r pr i s es d i s t r i bu t es o v er h a l f o f a l l C o c a-C o l a p r od u ct s i n t h e Un i t ed St at e s, s m al l f r an c hi s e bu s i ne s s e s co nt i nu e t o b ot t l e,c an, an d di st ri bu t e t h e c om p a ny’s d r i nk s wo r l d wi d e.In1987t h e C o ca-C ol a C om p a n y w a s l i st e d i n t h e pr e s t i gi ou s D ow J on e s In d u st ri al Av e r a ge s (s e e D o w J o n es Av e r a ge s)i nd ex of s t o ck m a rk e t p e rf o rm an ce(f o r t h e s e c on d t i m e, i t h a d a l s o b e en l i s t e d b ri e fl y i n t h e1930s). It s st o ck i s t r a d ed on t h e N e w Yo rk St o ck Ex ch a n ge.C o ca-C ol a a nd P e ps i C o p ro du c t s o cc up i ed ni n e o f t h e t op t e n s po t s i n t h e U.S. s o ft dr i n k m ar k et i n t h e m i d-1990s. Wo r l d wi de, C o c a-C ol a r an k ed f i rs t i n so ft d ri nk sa l es, a nd t h e com p an y e a r n e d al m o s t 80 p e r c en t o f i t s p r o fi t s f ro m i nt e rna t i on a l s a l es.[3]ⅡMaketing StrategyT h e C o c a-C o l a h as b e en pu bl i sh e d i n 1886. T h e re i s m o re t h an100 ye a r s h i st o r y.T h e C o ca-C ol a do es not f a d e b e s t-s el l i n g un t i l no w i n t h e w o rl d,a su bs t ant i a l r e as on i s t h at t hi s com p an y m a rk e t i n g st r at e g y s u c c ess.[4]T h e C o c a-C ol a, t h e m a rk e t i n g wo r k i s so s p l en di d, an d f o rm s t h e s o b i g c ont r a st w i t h t he d om es t i c d ri nk e nt e rp r i s e, w ha t ca use t hi s? A ft e r t o C o ca C ol a C om p any m a r k e t i n g w o rk t h o ro u gh i n v es t i gat i o n, an d s el l s b y t h e d om es t i c d ri nk e nt e rp ri s e w o rks wi t h i t co nt r ast,t h e s i n c e r es t f e e l i n g s a i d br o ad l y t h a t i s m a n y d o m e s t i c dr i n ks en t er p ri s es di d not t r ul y a d a p t s t h e m a r k et e co no m y w o r k c om p e t i t i o n,ev en no t t o cl a ri f y t h e pr i m e t a s k o f e c o no m i c al m ar k et r el a t e s t o t h e e nt e r p ri s e s u rv i v ald e v el opm e nt, ho w t o d o,t hi s i s t h e m a i n p r obl e m o f do m es t i c d ri n kse n t er p ri s e.Ⅱ-1 Analyzing of Markting AtrategyB e l i ev ed t h a t t h r ou gh t h eC o ca-C o l a m a rk et i n g op e r at i on i nv e s t i ga t i on w i l l en a bl e u s t o h av e a f e e l i n g t o b e c om e aw a r e.T h e m ar k et s ur v e y i s a s fo l l o w s:Ⅱ-1-1 Location GoodsTh e com m o di t y l o c al i z a t i o n,t he c om m od i t y c h a r a c t e ri s t i c,t h e C o ca-C ol a s yn t h esi z es o pi ni on f r om v a ri ou s st r at i fi c a t i o n i n o r de r t o r e c o gni z e t h at i t s dr i nk pr od u ct be l o ngs c o ol, t h e sui t abl e f o r s a l e sp a c e a n d t h e t i m e h o ri z on a r e bi g;B e l o n gs ex c i t ed l y,i s s ui t a bl e i n e a ch a ge, t h e pr o f ess i o n al c om m u ni t y a n d s o c i al l i f e a nd ea c h ki nd o f s i t u at i o n. Ex pe ns e ch a r a ct e ri s t i c,fi rs t fo r i m pu l si v e pu r c h as e;Af t e r t h e u s e, i f l e a ve s f av o r abl e i m p re s s i o n, t h e p eop l e wi l l re p e at ed l y pu r ch a s e;A ft e r t o b r an d d ee p en i ng i m p r es si o n,t h en t h e s el e ct i vi t y,t h e co ns t a n c y r e p e at e dl y p u r c h ase. T h e fo od a nd b ev e r a ge i n du s t r y, t he r e cr e a t i o n a r ea, t h e f am i l y,t he s c ho ol, t h e un i t p ur c ha s e h a ve f ew s e a s on a l i n fl ue n c e.Ⅱ-1-2. Market investigation and study and enter the communi ty.W h e n t h e C o c a-C ol a s al e c om p an y o r t h e b us i n es s o ffi ce i ni t i al l y c o ns t r u ct, t h e fi el d w o rk em pl o ys t he s t u d en t o r t h e sp e ci a l i z ed i nv e s t i ga t i on c om p a n y,h e r ea f t e r r ep r e s ent s(c l er k by t h e s er vi c e, s i m i l a r l y h e r e i na f t e r).D o es s om e l oc a l, s om e u r b an l a rge-s c a l e m a p f r om t he C oc a-C ol a m a r k et i n g d e pa rt m e nt,a c co rd i n g t o t h e c om m e r ci al a r e a s di vi s i o n, h an ds o v e r b y t h e i n v es t i ga t o r,fr om c o m m u ni t y,bi gs up e rm a r k et, gu e s t h o us e t o s m a l l s t o re, c on v en i e nt s h op, ev e n p os si bl y l i n ks t h e s ch oo l,t he i nst i t u t i on, t h e ho sp i t al,t h e s t at i on, t h e r e c r e at i on a r e a an d so o n,vi s i t s a l ot o f st r e et,t h e i nv e s t i ga t i on ob j e ct a nd t h e s u rv e y r e s ul t m a rk o n t he c h ar t,t h e r e c o rd on t h e q u est i o nn ai r e,wi l l r e t u r n t h e c om p an y t o com pi l e o n t i m e.Ⅱ-1-3. Market analysis and d iscrimination level.C ho i c e k e y,b a s e o n t h e ex h a us t i v e i n v es t i ga t i o n d at a t o an al yz e, a c c o rd i n g t o f a ct or s a nd p u rc h as i n g p o w er, m a r k et i n g a b i l i t y,m ar k et p ot e nt i al s ur v e ys t h e c om po s i t e i n dex.Fo r ex am p l e, t h e J i n a n b us i n es s o ff i c e i nv e st i ga t i on di s c ov e r ed t h at t h i s ci t y h a s d ri nk s a l e poi nt8000, t h ro u gh t h e an al ys i s,s e l e c t s2500 a ch i ev em e nt k e y,i s r e s po nsi bl e b y e a c h cl e rk t o at t a c k an d ca pt u re, i n o rd e r t o d et e r m i n e s t r at e g y, a c c o rd i n g t o di ff er e nt l oc a l, t h e di ff e r e nt s al es p l a c e, t h e di ff e re nt ex p en s e co m m u ni t y's a nd di ff e re nt c ust om, ch oo s es t h e bi g b ot t l e o r t h e s m al l o n e,t he gl as s j a r o r t h e pl a s t i c b ot t l e,b ot t l ed o r us e s t h e p r es e nt b e v e ra ge o r p ro vi de s fr e ez i n g d i s pl a y c a s e an d so o n.Ⅱ-1-4. The market subdivides potential and reality.S el l i n g p oi n t s q u an t i t y c o m pl et el y a c c o r di n g t o t h e t a rge t m ar k et, p o pul at i o n d e ns i t y a n d p u r ch a si n g p ow e r l ev el, s u rv e ys t hi s p ro du c t i n v a ri ou s r e gi on s' bi gge s t m a rk e t, pl us c on t r a st s, m a k e t h e m a rk et i n g m i ss i o n t o b e c l e a r f r om t h e o ve r al l t o e a c h m i n ut e r e gi on.Ⅱ-2. The Coca Cola Company separates the beverage into 4 kindsⅡ-2-1. Carbonic acid drink.( Coca Cola and sprite)Ⅱ-2-2. Mainly is the water drink.Ⅱ-2-3. Including caffeine and vitamin drink.Ⅱ-2-4. Is beneficial in the health and the nutrient fruit j uice and the milk.T h es e p r od uc t s h ave gl ob al l y u s e d m or e t h an230b r an ds. T hi s ki nd o f b ra nd st r at e gy, u s e s t h e C o c a-C o l a s t r on g b r an d as t h e co r e, t h e S p ri t e, t h e h ea l t h y C o c a-C ol a,t h e F a nt a a s i t s t w o wi n gs,ot h e r n at i v e pl a c e b r a nd i s t h e su ppl em e nt,c au s es t h e C o c a-C ol a t h e bi gge s t b ra nd f am i l y.Ⅱ-3. The Coca-Cola has used three kind of main sales operation pattern successively: Wholesale, direct sale, depth retailing.At t h e s am e t i m e, t h e C o c a-C ol a a l s o un c e as i n gl y u s es t h e n ew c h a nn el t o do s om e r e s e a r ch es,i n vi ew o f d i ff e r e nt l oc al,t he di ff e re nt t i m e's k e y c h a n n el, e st a bl i sh es t h e p rof e s s i o n al s e rv i c e gro u ps, en h an c e s t o t h e c us t o m e r s er v i c e l ev el. Al o n g wi t h t h e s up e rm a rk e t, t h e s c ho ol f a i r i s m at u r e gr a d u al l y;t h e C o c a-C ol a h as est a bl i s h e d t h e c o r r es po nd i n g p ro fe s si on al s e r vi c e gr o u ps i n v ar i o us a rea s.S p e ak i n g o f t h e p re s en t,C o c a-C ol a “d ep t h r e t ai l i n g co m bi n e di r e ct s al e”p a t t e rns ol v e t h e c on t ra di ct i o n o f “en h an c e d t h e pr od u ct co ve r a ge” a nd “re d uc e s s hi ps t h e co st”,and, w h en E l e c t r on i c A ge a r ri v al, t hi s ki n d o f p at t ern i s m o re ad v an t a ge o us t o b y B TO B t o t h e B TOC t r an s fo rm at i on.In a d d i t i o n,i n1995,t he C o c a-C o l a ch a n ge s i t s3A④s t r at e gi es t o 3P⑤. W ha t s o-c al l ed 3A r e f e rs t o i s l et s t h e co ns u m er w h en p u r ch a s e s t he C o ca-C ol a p ro du ct, c a n b u y, t o b e gl a d t o bu y, t o b e ab l e t o a ff o rd, wh a t b ut s o-ca l l ed3P r e f e r s t o i s i n u bi qu i t o us, t h e h e a rt fi rs t c hoi c e, r e s ou r c es ar e w e l l u s ed.Ⅱ-4.Advertisement strategy: Global unified standards and advertisement main tone, trademark marking.T h e a dv e rt i s em ent c on c r et e f o rm m a ni f es t s t h e n a t i o n al i t y d i ffe r e n ce:U S: C an’t be a t t h at f e el i n g.J a p an:I f e e l M a y h a p p y.(I f e e l c ol a)It a l y:U n i qu e f e el i n g.(Uni qu e s e ns at i o n)C hi l e:Li f e f e el i n g. (Th e fe e l i n g o f l i fe)C hi na:Mu st b y o n e s e l f.P a ys gr e a t at t ent i on t o t h e v i vi d ad ve r t i s em en t,but no t t o t he p ro du ct a d v e rt i se m ent:T h e a dv e rt i s em e nt s ub j ec t c h an ge s f r eq u en t l yP l e a s e dr i n k t h e C oc a-C o l aC a n n ot bl o ck f e el i n gIs h e a r t i l y s m oo t h es t,fo r ev e r i s t h e C o c a-C ol aE a c h qu a rt e r m a y b e h ap p y,C oc a-C ol a④Available ，Acceptable ，Acceptable⑤Pervasiveness，Preferece ，Price to value-h ol ds t hi s fe e l i n g-C o ca-C ol a h ol i d a y's t i m e ad ds h ap pi l y-Wat ch e s t h e s o c c e r, -r ef u el s t o get h e r,-d ri n ks t h e C o c a-C ol a-E a c h di r e ct i on t o go hom e h a s t h e C o ca-C o l a⑥-M us t b y o n e s el fⅢ.Comparison with PepsiE a c h c om p a n y's c re a t i v e m a r k et i n g s t r at e gi es an d e ff e ct i v en e s s w i l l u l t i m at el y d e ci d e w h o pr o fi t s an d cu s t om e r l o ya l t y i n t h e m a r k et i n g a s p e ct s o f t h e wi nn e r.C o c a-C ol a cu rr e nt l y i s l e ad i n g i n m an y a s p e ct s. T a k e1994,t h e C o c a-C ol a s of t d ri nk s m a rk et wi t h t he U ni t e d S t at es 42pe r c en t o f t h e m a r k et s h ar e, c om pa re d wi t h P e ps i at 32 p e r c en t.[5]Ⅲ-1 Statistics Coca Lola VS PepsiC o ca-C ol a an d P e p si b at t l e a l s o ex t en de d t o ot h e r t yp e s o f b e v e ra ge s. S p e e d t e a i n t h e m ar k et,t h e P ep si Li p t o n t o31% o f t h e m a rk e t s h a re l e ad er,a nd C o c a-C ol a N e st e a t o 21p e r c en t of t h e m ar k et s h a r e o f t h e t hi rd. In t h e s p o rt s d ri n ks m a rk e t co m p et i t i o n i s f i e r c e, C o ca-C ol a's P o w e rA d e t o10 p e r c en t o f t he m a rk e t s h a r e a s t h e s e c o nd. P e psi's t h i r d Al l sp o rt t o o c cu p y t h e i d e nt i t y o f a 5 pe r c en t m a rk e t s h a r e.Ⅲ-2 Differences between Coca Lola and Pepsi-⑥T h e v e r s i o n o f L i u X i a n g t o g o h o m e o n t h e S p r i n g F e s t i v a lT w o a r e b ot h s t r ong b r an ds, j us t s om e st at i st i c al f i gu re s c a n n ot be f u l l y d i s p l a ye d C oc a-C o l a an d P e ps i d i ff e r en t.'s a b ra nd al s o i n cl ud es m a n y a s p e c t s, s u ch a s: t h e b i r t h o f n ew m a r k et i n g s t r at eg y S p ok es m anⅢ-2-1 PartnerT h e r e i s n o di f f e r en c e be t w e e n P e ps i a n d C o c a-C ol a,P ep s i-C ol a's i nv e s t m e nt i n C hi na i s eq u al l y gr e a t, w h y P ep s i's m ar k et s h a r e ha s be e n l a ggi n g f a r b e hi nd?“S out h C hi n a Un i v e rs i t y o f T e c h no l o g y P r o f e s s o r o f C o c a-C ol a an d P e p s i i n t h e C hi n es e m a r k et a ft e r a c om p a r at i v e s t ud y o n t h e s t r at e g y t h i s co n cl usi on: C o k e's l e a di n g p a rt n e rs a nd t h e c hoi c e of a gr e a t r el at i o ns hi p”.F i r st,t h e c ho i c e o f t h e C o c a-C o l a C om p an y i s a n i nt e rn at i o n al p a rt n e rs hi p o f a hi gh e r d e gr e e o f co-o pe r a t i on wi t h a l o n ge r t i m e, s o t h e y i n t h e C h i n es e m a rk e t's l on g-t e rm s t r at e gi c go a l s an d s t rat e gi es t o h av e a m o re c on si s t ent und e r st an di n g,so t h at al l p a rt i e s a r e wi l l i n g t o gr e a t e r c o op e r at i o n i np ut.S e co nd, t h e C o c a-C ol a C om p an y d o es n ot n e ed a l ot o f i n v es t m e nt.T hi r d,t h e C o ca-C ol a C om pa n y l e s s ex p os ed t o t h e s t at e-o wn e d en t erp r i s e m a n a gem e nt s ys t e m, an d c on c e pt o f t h e r e st ri c t i o ns, b e c au s e h e B ot t l i n g P l a nt i s a j o i n t ve nt u re be t w e en s e ve r al p a rt n e rs, r at h er t h an as a o ne-o n-on e P e psi co op e r at i on.E vi d en t l y,t he C o ca-C ol a C om p a ny i n t he C hi n es e m a r k et m a k es i t a s t ra t e gi c c ho i ce t o r e c e i v e t h e fi rs t m o v e a dv a nt a ge.Ⅲ-2-2 Sprite roleC o ca-C ol a a nd P ep s i i n t h e ye a r s o f st r u ggl e,i t s s e co n d b r and "S p ri t e"pl a ye d a ve r y i m po rt a nt r ol e.A C N el so n l a t es t s t a t i s t i c s sh ow t h at i n t h e C hi n a m a r ke t o n t h e s al e s of S pr i t e an d P e ps i ha s b e en t h e sa m e. Th e l e m o n fl av o r s o ft d ri n ks10 ye a r s a go w h en, bec a u s e o f P e ps i's gro u p si m i l a r pr od u ct s "Qi x i" s i m i l ar c h a r a ct e ri st i cs t o o,h as be e n t en a c i ou s i n a w or l d of t h ei r o wn,No s p e ci al d ev e l o pm ent ex c el l e n ce. In 1993, C o c a-C o l a b e ga n t o ex p a nd a nd r e-p osi t i o ni n g S p ri t e c on t ent, t h e r e su l t o f t hi s ad j u st m e nt t o S p ri t e a c t ua l l y b e c om e t he f as t e st gr o wi n g so f t d ri nk s al e s fo ur ye a r s t ur n ed t ri pl e d.Ⅲ-2-3 The expansion of other productsIn a d d i t i o n t o S p r i t e,C o ca-C ol a i n r e c ent ye a r s i n ot h e r n o n-c a rb on a t e d b e ve r a ge p r od uc t s ex pa n si on i s a l s o v er y i m p r es s i v e. On t h e o n e h an d,w h en t h e m a r k et ex p ans i o n o f c ap a ci t y w h e n t h e m a rk et l e a de r i s o ft e n t h e b i gge s t b e ne f i c i ar y. On t h e ot h er h a nd, i n r ec e nt ye a r s c o m p a r ed wi t h ot h er c ar bo n at ed d ri nk s s o ft dr i n ks fo r m o re r api d gr ow t h. T h e r ef o r e,r e ga rd l es s o f m ot i v at i on and p r es s u r e f r om t he p oi nt o f v i ew o f t wo m ont hs, t h e C o ca-C ol a C o m p a ny’s m a r k et i n g s t r at e g y e d ge.H o w ev e r d ri n ks m a r k et gro wt h i n t he co ns um pt i on o f M ex i co i n t h e U n i t ed S t at e s Eu r op e an d J ap a n h av e s l o we d.S o C o c a-C ol a a nd P e ps i b a t t l e wi l l sw i t ch t o em e r gi n g m a rk et s.If C hi n a a nd R us s i a an d In d i a.C o ca-C ol a i n t h e s e e f f or t s h a s b e en m or e s u c c ess f ul. A p a rt f rom t h ec o m p et i t i on b et we en t h e t w o c om p ani e s t o t r y t o m a i n t ai n a sm al l s of td r i n k com p an i es t ake t h e l ea d.M ust a s s u m e r i s k, bu t t h e p ro fi t s a nd h a rm t h e i m a ge of t h e di s a s t ro us f ai l ure m u s t b e av oi d ed. A p r er e qu i s i t e f o r t h e su c c es s o f t h e c om p a n y i s t o i de n t i f y e n v i ro nm e nt a l ch a n ges, and t h en t h e d ev e l o pm e n t an d i m p l e m ent a t i on o f m ar k et i ng p ro c ed u r es t o m e et th e ch a n gi n g n e e ds o f c on s u m er s.[6]ⅣLocal Marketing“C o c a-C o l a C om p a n y ’s d e v e l o pm en t s t r at e g y i s l o ca l i z a-t i on s t ra t e g y i n C h i n a ”.⑦A t p r es en t,In C h i n a al l C o c a-C ol a bo t t l i n g p l an t s u s e c on c e nt r a t ed l i q ui d w e r e m a nu f a ct ur e d i n S h a n gh ai,98%of r a w m at e ri al s at t he l o c al p ro cu r em e nt i n C h i n a,t he an nu a l co st o f 800 m i l l i on US do l l a rs.C o ca-C ol a as s am e a s ac c e l e r at e d t h e p a c e o f l o c al i z a t i o n o n us e t al e nt a nd p ro m ot ed. Th e f i r st t i m e, t h e a p poi nt m e nt t h re e l o c al C hi ne s e a s d e pu t y ge n e r a l m a n a ge r In2002.S p ee d up i nt e rn al m a n a gem e nt f o r l oc a l i z at i o n at t h e s a m e t i m e.C o ca-C ol a's m a r k et i n g ef f o rt s i n t h e l o c al i z at i o n w o rk i s co ns t a nt l y s t re n gt h e ne d. P r e vi o us l y, C o c a-C ol a's l o c al i z at i o n s t r at e gy’s c o r e i s 2L, 3O t h at i s L o ng t er m , L o c al ,Opt i m i sm ,O pp or t un i t y , Ob l i gat i o n . T h es e i d e as a r e ba s e;C oc a-C o l a's l o c al i z at i on s t ra t e g y h a s be e n s u c c es s f ul.H o w ev e r, C o c a-C ol a d i d n ot cl i n g t h e s e p ri nc i p l e s,t he f i rs t pr op os e "T h i n k l o c al,A ct l o c a l" l o c al i z at i o n i d e a i n t h e w or l d,i t s m ai n poi nt s a r e t o b e r el e v an t t o t h e n e e ds o f l o ca l d e ci s i o ns. C oc a-C ol a c om p a n y t h er e a r e ab out230b r an ds, i t m ost o f t h e re gi on al b ra n ds.In In d i a C o ca-C ol a h as l a unc h e d l o ca l ch a r a ct er i st i cs o f Ic e Te a, i c e co ff e e, m i l k, m i n e r al w at e r a nd a s e ri e s o f j ui c e dr i nk s i n o rd e r t o en r i c h t h e l o c a l m a rk e t.Ⅳ-1 Local MarketingO n p r om ot i on s m et h o d, C o c a-C ol a h a s gr a d u al l y c h a n ge d i n t h e p a s t for t h e gl o b al un i fi c at i on o f t h e t ra di t i on a l,a dv e rt i s i n g, pr o m ot i o ns, an d⑦Coca-Cola China Limited company Chairman Mr. Chen Qiwei lectures。
PRA投稿TEX模板
I. FIRST-LEVEL HEADING: THE LINE BREAK WAS FORCED via \\
A.
Second-level heading: Formatting
This sample document demonstrates proper use of A REVTEX 4.1 (and L TEX 2ε ) in mansucripts prepared for submission to APS journals. Further information can be found in the REVTEX 4.1 documentation included in the distribution or available at / revtex4/. When commands are referred to in this example file, they are always shown with their required arguments, using normal TEX format. In this format, #1, #2, etc. stand for required author-supplied arguments to commands. For example, in \section{#1} the #1 stands for the title text of the author’s section heading, and in \title{#1} the #1 stands for the title text of the paper. Line breaks in section headings at all levels can be introduced using \\. A blank input line tells TEX that the paragraph has ended. Note that top-level section headings are automatically uppercased. If a specific letter or word should appear in lowercase instead, you must escape it using \lowercase{#1} as in the word “via” above.
最小割Stoer-Wagner-by GG
最小割Stoer-Wagner算法——buaagg读书笔记Stoer-Wagner算法用来求无向图G = (V, E)的全局最小割。
算法基于这样的一个定理，对于任意s, t ∈ V, 全局最小割，或者等于原图的s-t最小割，或者等于将原图进行Contract(s, t)操作所得的图的全局最小割。
算法框架：1.设当前找到的最小割MinCut为+∞2.在G中求出任意s-t最小割C，MinCut = min(MinCut, C)3.在G作Contract(s,t)操作，得到G’ = {V’, E’}，若|V’| > 1，则G = G’并转2，否则MinCut为原图的全局最小割一些约定:定义w(A, x) =∑{w(v, x) | v ∈ A}若不存在边(p, q)，则定义边(p, q)权值w(p, q) = 0若存在平行边，则简单将其权值相加；若存在自环，则忽略之Contract操作定义：Contract(a, b)：删掉点a, b及边(a, b)，加入新节点c，对于任意v ∈V，w(v, c) = w(c, v) = w(a, v) + w(b, v)求G=(V, E)中任意s-t最小割的算法1.令集合A = {a}, a为V中任一点2.选取V – A中的w(A, x)最大的点x加入集合A3.若|A| = |V|结束，否则转2令倒数第二个加入A的点为s，最后一个加入A的点为t，则s-t最小割为[V\{t} - {t}]任意s-t最小割的算法正确性证明：令C为任意一个s-t割，则我们只需证明w C≥w[V\{t} −{t}]设点加入A的顺序为v1,v2,…,v n定义一个点v=v i是关键点，当且仅当v i和v i−1在C的不同侧。
设i1<i2<…<i k为关键点的下标，其中k为关键点的个数。
则显然i k=n。
我们设集合A i=v1,v2,…,v i。
则显然有结论w[V\{t} − {t}]=w v ik ,A ik−1w C≥w v ij ,A ij−1\A ij−1−1kj=1(这里只取出C中的部分边)接下来我们只需证明w v ik ,A ik−1≤w v ij,A ij−1\A ij−1−1kj=1即可证得w C≥w[V\{t}−{t}]。
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
The following publication:Conrad Sanderson,“Automatic Person Verification Using Speech and Face Information”,PhD Thesis,Griffith University,Australia,August2002 (revised February2003),can be found at the Australian Digital Theses Program site:.auAbstract:Identity verification systems are an important part of our every day life.A typical example is the Automatic Teller Machine(ATM)which employs a simple identity verification scheme:the user is asked to enter their secret password after inserting their ATM card;if the password matches the one prescribed to the card,the user is allowed access to their bank account.This scheme suffers from a major drawback:only the validity of the combination of a certain possession(the ATM card)and certain knowledge(the password)is verified.The ATM card can be lost or stolen,and the password can be compromised.Thus new verification methods have emerged,where the password has either been replaced by,or used in addition to,biometrics such as the person’s speech,face image orfingerprints.Apart from the ATM example described above,biometrics can be applied to other areas,such as telephone&internet based banking,airline reservations&check-in,as well as forensic work and law enforcement applications.Biometric systems based on face images and/or speech signals have been shown to be quite effective.However,their performance easily degrades in the presence of a mismatch between training and testing conditions.For speech based systems this is usually in the form of channel distortion and/or ambient noise;for face based systems it can be in the form of a change in the illumination direction.A system which uses more than one biometric at the same time is known as a multi-modal verification system;it is often comprised of several modality experts and a decision stage.Since a multi-modal system uses complimentary discriminative information,lower error rates can be achieved; moreover,such a system can also be more robust,since the contribution of the modality affected by environmental conditions can be decreased.This thesis makes several contributions aimed at increasing the robustness of single-and multi-modal verification systems.Some of the major contributions are listed below.The robustness of a speech based system to ambient noise is increased by using Maximum Auto-Correlation Value(MACV)features,which utilize information from the source part of the speech signal.A new facial feature extraction technique is proposed(termed DCT-mod2),which utilizes polynomial coefficients derived from2D Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT)coefficients of spatially neighbouring blocks.The DCT-mod2features are shown to be robust to an illumination direction change as well as being over80times quicker to compute than2D Gabor wavelet derived features.The fragility of Principal Component Analysis(PCA)derived features to an illumination direction change is solved by introducing a pre-processing step utilizing the DCT-mod2feature extraction. We show that the enhanced PCA technique retains all the positive aspects of traditional PCA(that is,robustness to compression artefacts and white Gaussian noise)while also being robust to the illumination direction change.Several new methods,for use in fusion of speech and face information under noisy conditions, are proposed;these include a weight adjustment procedure,which explicitly measures the quality of the speech signal,and a decision stage comprised of a structurally noise resistant piece-wise linear classifier,which attempts to minimize the effects of noisy conditions via structural constraints on the decision boundary.Keywords:biometrics,face recognition,face verification,speaker verification,signal processing, image processing,speech processing,feature extraction,machine learning,pattern recognition, information fusion,noise resistance,gaussian mixture model.。
国立中山大学人力资源管理研究所教师TSSCI期刊论文一览表(1998~2009)
中山管理評論
社會科學
從人力資源管理探討家庭-工作衝突、工作衝突－家庭衝突、生活滿意度之相關研究
2002
溫金豐
正式名單
中山管理評論
社會科學
科技產業中，領導行為與組織公民行為之關係：檢驗督導信任的情境效應
2002
陳世哲
正式名單
中山管理評論(International Issue)
社會科學
The Moderating Effects of Product Market Competition on Executive Compensation
1999
黃英忠
觀察名單
亞太管理評論
社會科學
人力需求影響因素之研究—人力運用中介效果的探討：以高科技產業為例
1999
陳世哲
觀察名單
亞太管理評論
社會科學
競爭策略、人力資源管理系統與組織績效之研究
1998
陳世哲
觀察名單
交大管理學報
社會科學
影響組織內部勞動市場因素之研究
1998
趙必孝
正式名單
管理科學學報
社會科學
社會科學
企業組織支援系統對大陸台商幹部之工作-家庭衝突之研究
2004
陳以亨
正式名單
中山管理評論
社會科學
訓練移轉相關因素之研究
2004
陳世哲
正式名單
中山管理評論
社會科學
國內管理學專業期刊評比排序之研究
2004
趙必孝
正式名單
中山管理評論
社會科學
企業組織支援系統對大陸台商之工作－家庭衝突之研究
2002
陳以亨
已接受
2007
CNKI中国知网最新最全免费下载入口汇总【超有用】
中国知网最新最全CNKI免费下载入口汇总（可用的很多）有句老话说当你失去的时候才知道去珍惜，当年学校局域网的电子图书馆-中国知识资源总库（CNKI）、维普、万方等免费数据库就摆在面前，但是论文却没下两篇；现在上班了，无论在单位还是在家，想再进这些数据库查论文就太不容易了。
难道真的要缴纳昂贵的费用去下载论文？？抱着对免费资源的无比渴望，我熬了一个通宵整理了下面这些免费下载论文全文或者免费论文数据库帐号密码的途径和方法，大家用了好，记得给点掌声！1、免费知网、万方、维普论文数据库帐号密码：入口地址：帐号密码 whgl whgl ccbupt ccbupt 注册即可获取全文文献！！免费！/kns50/Navigator.aspx?ID=CJFD 知网镜像，有人数限制！:8080/kns50/single_index.aspx 有人数限制！大家用完自觉退出！/kns50/index.aspx cnki直接入口，直接登录，不用帐号！/kns50/ cnki直接入口，2002年后文献/kns50/classical/singledbindex.aspx?ID=9 教育期刊全文文献备注：由于免费资源公布后容易失效，我将在下面网址不定期更新帐号信息：免费论文下载/mianfei.html2、免费国外论文资源入口地址：帐号密码/pqdweb?RQT=341 proquestpe education https:///login jmittica Greenland/ 注：学术会议，国内外都有，要发论文的可以关注！/ SCI论文检索！/zwqk/ Internet免费全文科技期刊!/lists/freeart.dtlHighWire Press由斯坦福大学HighWire出版社提供，是世界最大的科学免费期刊库，目前可以提供免费全文期刊1000余种,100万多篇免费全文。
/ 免费期刊指南（Directory of Open Access Journals）共收录期刊近2000种，其中，500余种现期可以检索、浏览、下载全文，整库包含文章达80000篇(searchable on article level)。
东北师范大学研究生课程论文封面
论文题目隐马尔科夫模型在股票上的应用
课程名称模式识别
姓名韩雨晨学 号2017103158
专业软件工程年级2017
院、所信息科学与技术学院年月日2018/07/01
研究生课程论文评价标准
指标
评价内容
评价等级（分值）
得分
A
B
C
D
选题
选题是否新颖；是否有意义；是否与本门课程相关。
10-6
5-0
能力
是否运用了本门课程的有关理论知识；是否体现了科学研究能力。
20-16
15-11
10-6
5-0
评阅教师签名：
年月日
总分：
东北师范大学研究生院制
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้20-16
15-11
10-6
5-0
论证
思路是否清晰；逻辑是否严密；结构是否严谨；研究方法是否得当；论证是否充分。
20-16
15-11
10-6
5-0
文献
文献资料是否翔实；是否具有代表性。
20-16
15-11
10-6
5-0
规范
文字表达是否准确、流畅；体例是否规范；是否符合学术道德规范。
20-16
15-11
Thesis Design
Thesis Design Matthew MakaiVirginia TechM.S. ThesisTable of Contents1.Introduction (2)1.1.Thesis Design Introduction (2)1.2.Project Technologies (2)1.3.Acronym Table (2)er System Interaction Use Case (3)3.System Activities (4)3.1.High-level System Activity Diagram (4)3.2.Branch Coverage Testing Criteria-level Condition Statement Preparation Activities (5)4.Implementation Package Structure (6)4.1.Heuristics and Random Test Creation Packages (6)4.2.Generator Packages (6)5.Genetic Algorithm Component Classes (7)6.Test Case Generation Event Sequence (8)7.Release Schedule for Implementation (9)8.References (10)1.Introduction1.1.Thesis Design IntroductionThe purpose of this design document is to look at the thesis from a practical implementation perspective. Once a viable system is created based on the design described in this document, further extensions and modifications can be made to the automated test case generator for experimentation. This document does not lay out the theory behind genetic algorithms. Instead, it describes at the test case generation process from a pragmatic design standpoint and leaves the theory elaboration to other papers.1.2.Project TechnologiesThe automated test case generation system will be built with open source tools commonly used in Javadevelopment environments. These tools include:1.Java Enterprise Edition – programming language and related Application Programming Interfaces2.JBoss Application Server – runs the deployed automated test case generator application3.Jakarta Tomcat Servlet libraries – required for server-side web application programming4.Unified Modeling Language – used in the design of this automated test case generator and as designknowledge in the research study5.JUnit – test case format commonly used to unit test Java programs1.3.Acronym TableAcronym Name DescriptionJava EE Java Enterprise Edition Java Enterprise Edition includes all features found in thestandard Java edition as well as APIs relevant to creating webapplications. Version 5.x is used for the implementation of thisautomated test generator.GAs Genetic Algorithms The cardinal heuristic that will be used to automaticallygenerate test case data, which can be used to create test cases.EC EvolutionaryComputation Evolutionary computation is the superset of automated learning algorithms based on evolutionary processes that contains genetic algorithms as a subset.API ApplicationProgramming Interface Source code interface for a programming library that specifies appropriate external requests of that library.UML Unified ModelingLanguage Design language for any project, but most commonly used for visualizing computer software. More specifically, the 2.x specification is used for this thesis.er System Interaction Use CaseThere are four general use cases for the operation of the automated test case generator:1.Modify system properties – The system will allow for modification of various properties through XMLfiles, but they will remain static throughout the runtime of the application. A redeployment on theapplication server is required to reconfigure the application.2.Submit sequence diagrams – Sequence diagrams are required for incorporating design knowledge into theautomated test case generation sequence. For comparison purposes, the system will be able to generate testcases both with, and without, the sequence diagrams. The assumption is that with the sequence diagrams,there will be a corresponding increase in the percentage of branch coverage for unit tests.3.Submit program source code – In the initial release, the source code will only be submitted through single.java source files, but in a later release many .java files can be grouped together in a .jar file. A webbrowser is used as the interface for submitting source files.4.Obtain test cases – Test cases will be output either to a user’s email address, or directly downloadablefrom a webpage after submitting the source code and (optionally) the corresponding sequence diagrams.3.System Activities3.1.High-level System Activity DiagramFigure 2 describes the sequence of system events encompassing the three of the four primary use cases required for proper use of the automated test case generation system. The fourth use case that describes the modification of system properties is much simpler in scope and only indirectly impacts the use of the system.The activity diagram begins when the system administrator deploys the enterprise archive file on the JBoss application server. The system initializes itself by reading a standard properties.xml file in the ./cfg configuration subdirectory stored within the enterprise archive .ear file. The properties read from the XML initialization file are stored in a Singleton GenerationProperties object created as what is essentially a lookup table. At this point, the system waits for users to upload files through a web browser that connects to the JBoss application server.In the first version of the application, the user can only upload .java source files. In a future version, a group of .java files can be uploaded in a .jar file. With the file upload in place, the generator application reads the source file and stores it in a File object. In the case of a .jar file upload, the generator first extracts the individual files.The next step, applying testability transformations, is an optional, but very useful mechanism. Testability transformations are source-to-source transformations that are used in the process of generating automatic test data. Informally, they modify the code in some way, for example removing flag variable assignments, to smooth the search space for the heuristic generation process. Testability transformations are much too detailed to be described here, for a more thorough discussion, refer to [1], [2], and [3].After the optional application of the testability transformations to the source code, the generator will parse all branch conditions along with the code that affects their behavior. For example, if variable a is set during a method and it is compared in the branch (if a == b), that code is parsed. Throughout the parsing process, a list of Condition objects is created to store the branch statements that require the generation of test cases.Test case generation for all conditions is a parallelizable process and is covered in more detail in section 3.2. Afterwards, test case results are received by the generator and converted to the appropriate JUnit test case format for use by the developer.3.2.Branch Coverage Testing Criteria-level Condition Statement Preparation ActivitiesFigure 3 contains the activities required to create fitness functions for branch condition statements (if-else) that are stored in Condition objects. This is a subset of the “Generate test case for Condition #n” activity in figure 2. Comments in the diagram explain each step in further detail.4.Implementation Package Structure4.1.Heuristics and Random Test Creation Packages4.2.Generator Packages5.Genetic Algorithm Component ClassesThe components in the genetic algorithm package closely follow standard models for how GAs operate. For further reference on GAs, see [4] and [5]. The important aspect to note about this design model is that it allows for the creation of new implementations for individuals (including their chromosomes), selection operators, recombination, mutation, and evaluation, as long as the new implementations conform to their respective interfaces. This design decision increases modularity as it allows for compile-time modification of genetic algorithms. Run-time modification is a future design decision that is much easier to support as long as the interfaces are used for modularity.6.Test Case Generation Event SequenceThe System Administrator for the JBoss application server kicks off the overall success scenario for the operation of the automated test case generator. The generator initializes the properties stored in the properties.xml file, which creates a GenerationProperties object for further reference of those properties. The system then waits for a user to access the system through their web browser. When the file is uploaded, testability transformations are optionally applied and the interpreter parses through the branch conditions to create a list of Condition objects. This diagram does not include the genetic algorithm test case creation process, but the list of Condition objects are passed to that library and the feasible test cases are returned to the generator. Finally, the generator outputs the test cases to the user, not the system administrator, which is improperly labeled in this diagram.7.Release Schedule for Implementation8.References[1] Mark Harman , Lin Hu , Rob Hierons , Joachim Wegener , Harmen Sthamer , André Baresel , Marc Roper, Testability Transformation, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, v.30 n.1, p.3-16, January 2004, retrieved from /10.1109/TSE.2004.1265732 on July 20, 2007.[2] R. M. Hierons , M. Harman , C. J. Fox, Branch-Coverage Testability Transformation for Unstructured Programs, The Computer Journal, v.48 n.4, p.421-436, July 2005, retrieved from /10.1093/comjnl/bxh093 on July 20, 2007.[3] André Baresel , David Binkley , Mark Harman , Bogdan Korel, Evolutionary testing in the presence of loop-assigned flags: a testability transformation approach, Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Software testing and analysis, July 11-14, 2004, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, retrieved from/10.1145/1007512.1007527 on July 20, 2007.[4] A.E. Eiben and J.E. Smith, Introduction to Evolutionary Computing. Berlin: Springer, 2003.[5] Melanie Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.10。
利用VB开发通用读者证制作系统
利用VB开发通用读者证制作系统
范小华
【期刊名称】《现代图书情报技术》
【年(卷),期】1998(000)004
【摘要】介绍了利用VB制作机读读者证的详细过程,通过两种输出格式的实例介绍和两种制证方法的比较,说明了计算机制证比传统制证具有更大的优越性和灵活性.
【总页数】2页(P54-55)
【作者】范小华
【作者单位】西南农业大学图书馆,重庆,400716
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TP3
【相关文献】
1.基于Excel、VB的学生考试证制作系统的设计 [J], 宋云峰
2.在中利用ADO.NE对象开发通用数据控制窗体 [J], 郑珂;孙晓莹
3.利用VB的Binary方式开发通用串行通讯软件 [J], 王文峰;毕研秋;毕研霞
4.利用VB开发MIS的通用查询模块方法探讨 [J], 张群会;王建军;龚尚福
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因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
祝晶-西南交通大学人事处
第二
复旦大学
CSSCI
5
交际翻译在俄汉航空科技语篇翻译中的应用
译苑新谭
第4辑2012
独著
成都飞机设计研究所
杂志期刊
ISBN:9787220087028
5、科研项目:
项目时间
项目名称
项目类型
经费
参与状况（排序）
2011-2016年
俄罗斯功能语法理论与西方系统功能语言学对比研究
国家社科基金项目
2.结合使用了定性和定量研究、问卷调查和访谈调查等方法，并辅之以大量图表说明，从语义、形式、语用和习得四个方面对比分析了俄汉语中的比较范畴，并提出继续研究的建议；
3.从俄罗斯报刊媒体和书籍中对中国的“Поднебесная”（天朝）称呼一词出发，使用语料库定量分析的方法，以小见大剖析了俄罗斯政府和民众对中国的文化心理态度，也折射出了现代中国的发展情况和俄中之间的关系变化；
1基本情况性别国籍中国籍贯湖南岳阳现任专业技术职务在读博士研究生任职时间2014月至今出生年月1988现工作单位或人事关系所在部门复旦大学外国语言文学学院最后学位博士授予学位单位复旦大学最后学习阶段导师教授国内外主要学术及社会兼职从事专业外国语言学及应用语言学主要学术成绩创新成果及评价限800字以内参与了1项国家社科基金项目俄罗斯功能语法理论与西方系统功能语言学对比研对比分析了俄罗斯功能语法理论与西方系统功能语言学的系统和意义思想并提出了进一步研究的建议
西南交通大学关于2017年度公开招聘应聘人员情况
应聘人：祝晶应聘岗位：教师岗位
应聘单位：外国语学院应聘单位负责人签章:
1、基本情况
性别
女
国籍
中国
籍贯
湖南岳阳
现任专业
20110426大理学院毕业论文格式
大理学院毕业论文中文标题英文标题学院：体育科学学院项目组成员:指导教师：专业：体育教育年级（班级）：2008级(2）班起止日期：2011年8月24日——2012年3月20日制表日期: 2011年 8月20日（本页按要求做好、无页码）目录（黑体4号）（单独成页）摘要..................(宋体5号加粗） (1)关键.........（宋体5号加粗） (1)引言....................................宋体5号 (1)1。
运动员使用兴奋剂的动机............宋体5号 (3)2。
防止兴奋剂使用的相应策略..................宋体5号 (3)3。
结论...................................................宋体5号 (5)参考文献.................................宋体5号 (5)(本页按要求做好、无页码、目录相关页码要与文中相吻合）*****体育＊*＊＊＊（题目黑体3号加粗）（单独成页）摘要(黑体小4号）：内容＊＊＊＊***＊＊***＊(宋体5号）关键词(黑体小4号)：*＊** ；＊＊＊* ；**** ；＊* ＊＊（宋体5号 3—5个关键词)要求:按格式要求，完成中英文描述。
英文题目Abstract:Keywords:＊＊*＊＊体育＊*＊**（黑体3号加粗题名居中）（论文正文双面复印）1**＊＊＊****＊(黑体小4号加粗) Array 1。
1运动员＊＊***＊＊*(黑体小4号)运动能力………………兴奋状态.（宋体5号)1。
1。
1提高*＊*＊＊(黑体5号）在运动竞赛……等。
（宋体5号）2 ＊***＊＊***＊(同上）2.12.1。
13 结论（同上)3.13。
1.1（单独成页）参考文献:(黑体小4号)[1] 作者姓名.书名［M]。
地名:出版社.年:页码（— )。
［2] 作者姓名。
用VB编写自动评分程序
用VB编写自动评分程序
孙春美
【期刊名称】《电脑知识与技术-经验技巧》
【年(卷),期】2003(000)032
【摘要】我们学校经常举行各种各样的竞赛活动，比如优质大课竞赛、演讲比赛、歌唱比赛等，这样就涉及到评分的问题，为了节省人力物力，能更快速的亮出评委打出的分数并能快速的算出最后得分，于是我用VB编写了一个自动评分程序。
【总页数】2页(P39-40)
【作者】孙春美
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G434
【相关文献】
1.VB程序自动评分系统的分析与设计 [J], 刘瑞军
2.VB程序自动评分系统研究与设计 [J], 郑杰
3.用VB编写串口通讯程序实现应用程序与扫描器通讯 [J], 王成国;何勇
4.基于VBA的都江堰灌区蓄水量查询程序编写 [J], 徐兴文; 方可; 李鹏中; 陈小琳
5.VB编写自动处理程序在网刊建设中的应用 [J], 李金丽;杨海亮
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
宝鸡文理学院教师科研工作管理系统
毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：宝鸡文理学院教师科研工作管理系统
院（系）计算机科学与工程学院
专业软件工程
班级080607
姓名陈浩
学号08060710
导师乔奎贤
2012年3月5日
开题报告填写要求
1．开题报告作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。
此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成。
2．开题报告内容必须按教务处统一设计的电子文档标准格式（可从教务处网页上下载）填写并打印（禁止打印在其它纸上后剪贴），完成后应及时交给指导教师审阅。
3．开题报告字数应在1500字以上，参考文献应不少于15篇（不包括辞典、手册，其中外文文献至少3篇），文中引用参考文献处应标出文献序号，“参考文献”应按附件中《参考文献“注释格式”》的要求书写。
4．年、月、日的日期一律用阿拉伯数字书写，例：“2005年11月26日”。
PC内部资源的开发
PC内部资源的开发
王盛奎
【期刊名称】《青岛大学学报：工程技术版》
【年(卷),期】1998(013)004
【摘要】介绍利用ＰＬＣ内部富余资源对ＰＣ外部输入控制电器进行短路和开路故障检测。
给出了实际的控制电器短路和开路故障的检测梯形图。
【总页数】3页(P106-108)
【作者】王盛奎
【作者单位】青岛大学
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TP362.3
【相关文献】
1.人力资源开发与管理——知识视角下的人力资源内部化和外部化战略 [J], 程德俊
2.基于PCA的新农村建设与农村人力资源开发综合评价研究 [J], 邹永红;彭莉莎;姚晓红
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因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
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中国科学院硕士学位论文低光度II型甲醇脉泽多波段观测研究吴元伟(天体物理)指导教师:徐烨杨戟二〇一〇年五月A thesis presented for the degree of Master of PhilosophyMulti-wavelength Observation Study Towards Low-luminosity6.7-GHz MethanolMasersYuan wei Wu(Astrophysics)Directed by:Ye Xu Ji YangMay,2010摘要摘 要II型甲醇脉泽在银河系中分布广泛、数量众多，更重要的是，其仅与大质量恒星形成区成协，使其成为示踪正在形成中的大质量恒星的最有效手段之一。
光度是脉泽重要的内秉物理量。
现有的甲醇脉泽理论主要用于解释高光度的脉泽，对于低光度脉泽的性质，起源、与其相关的物理过程、以及与高光度脉泽的差异，虽然有被涉及，却没有被细致研究过。
为此我们专门选择了一个低光度6.7-GHz Class II甲醇脉泽样本，对其进行了多波段的观测研究。
本文中我们以脉泽光度作为样本选择和分类标准，选择了一个低脉泽光度6.7-GHz甲醇脉泽样本，对其进行了多条分子谱线的成图观测。
我们证认了20个致密云核，并得到了这些云核的温度、密度、尺度、质量等特征物理量。
我们同时还收集了一个高光度脉泽样本的分子谱线数据。
通过对高低光度脉泽区域分子谱线观测量与导出量的对比分析，我们得到了一系列有价值的发现：高光度脉泽区域NH3(1,1)激发温度低于低光度脉泽区域；高脉泽光度区比低脉泽光度区的柱密度更大，体密度更小；与高光度脉泽成协的云核具有更大的柱密度、更大的尺度、更大的质量和更小的密度；与高光度脉泽成协的外流比低光度脉泽区域外流具有更宽的线翼和更大的外流尺度；高光度脉泽区域的分子谱线线宽比低光度脉泽区域的大。
同时，我们还发现NH3(1,1)，(2,2)线线宽同脉泽光度在对数空间存在很强的正相关，表明与高光度脉泽成协的云核的内部湍动比与低光度脉泽成协的云核的内部湍动更剧烈。
关键词脉泽—星际介质：分子—星际介质：喷流与外流—恒星：形成-i-AbstractABSTRACTDirected by:Ye Xu Ji Yang Thesis by:Yuan wei WuClass II methanol masers are numerous and widely distributed in the Galaxy.More importantly,they are merely associated with high-mass star forming regions which make them to be one of the best signatures of ongoing massive stars.Luminosity is an important intrinsic quantity for masers.Current maser theory focus on high-luminosity masers.For the nature of low-luminosity masers,such as its origin,associated physical process and differences from high-luminosity masers,although there were involved,there are no studies specializing on this topic.To this end,we select a sample of low-luminosity6.7-GHz masers,and carry out a mult-wavelength observational study towards these sources.We use methanol luminosity as the sample selection and classification criteria and perform multi-wavelength molecular line mapping obser-vations towards a sample of low-luminosity6.7-GHz methanol masers. Totally,we identify20dense molecular cores and derive their character-istic physical quantities,i.e,temperatures,densities,sizes and masses. we also collect a sample of high-luminosity 6.7-GHz methanol masers with similar molecular line data.Through comparative analysis of both observed and derived quantities of low-and high-luminosity regions,we obtain a series of valuable discoveries:high-luminosity maser regions have lower NH3(1,1)excitation temperatures than that of low-luminosity maser regions；high-luminosity maser regions have larger column den-sities but smaller densities than that of low-luminosity maser regions; molecular cores associated with high-luminosity masers are more massive and larger than those associated with low-luminosity masers;outflows in high-luminosity maser regions have wider line wings and larger sizes than the outflows in low-luminosity maser regions;molecular line widths of high-luminosity regions are larger than that of low-luminosity regions.In-ii-Abstractaddition,strong positive correlations are found between6.7-GHz maser luminosity and line width of NH3(1,1)and(2,2),indicating that internal turbulence in high-luminosity maser regions is more powerful than that in low-luminosity maser regions.Keyword maser—ISM:molecules—ISM:jets and outflow—stars:formation-iii-目录目录第一章背景：脉泽与恒星形成 (1)1.1天体脉泽 (1)1.2星际脉泽 (2)1.2.1OH脉泽 (2)1.2.2H2O脉泽 (3)1.2.3CH3OH脉泽 (4)1.3恒星形成 (5)1.3.1小质量恒星形成理论 (6)1.3.2大质量恒星形成区的观测特征 (8)1.3.3大质量恒星形成的主要问题 (9)第二章研究动机与研究方法 (11)2.1研究动机 (11)2.2研究方法 (12)第三章样本与观测 (14)3.1样本选择 (14)3.2观测 (15)3.2.1氨分子谱线 (15)3.2.2CO、HCO+和N2H+谱线 (16)第四章观测结果 (18)4.1分子谱线 (18)4.1.1谱线探测率 (18)4.1.2谱线轮廓分析 (18)4.2积分强度成图 (20)4.3特征物理量 (21)4.4个体描述 (21)第五章讨论 (27)5.1光深与激发温度 (27)5.2运动学温度 (28)5.3谱线线宽 (28)5.4体密度与柱密度 (30)5.5云核尺度与质量 (31)5.6外流特征 (32)5.7距离效应 (34)5.8差异的由来 (35)-iv-目录第六章结论 (37)附录A公式 (38)§A.1光深与激发温度 (38)§A.2NH3转动温度与运动学温度 (38)§A.3密度与柱密度 (39)§A.3.1柱密度 (39)§A.3.2体密度 (40)§A.4尺度与质量 (40)§A.5T-检验 (41)附录B附表 (42)附录C附图 (47)参考文献 (63)攻读硕士学位期间的研究成果 (71)致谢 (74)-v-插图目录插图目录1-1脉泽时间轴 (4)1-2小质量恒星演化图 (7)4-1特征谱线 (19)5-1NH3(1,1)光深和激发温度随脉泽光度函数图 (27)5-2NH3(1,1)光深和激发温度箱式图 (28)5-3温度与脉泽光度函数图 (29)5-4运动学温度箱式图 (29)5-5线宽与脉泽光度函数图 (30)5-6线宽箱式图 (30)5-7密度与脉泽光度函数图 (32)5-8密度与柱密度箱式图 (33)5-9运动学温度和激发温度的距离分布 (35)3-1低光度样本谱线 (47)3-2低光度脉泽积分强度图 (51)3-3外流成图 (61)-vi-表格目录表格目录3-1低光度脉泽样本 (14)3-2高光度脉泽样本 (15)3-3高光度脉泽氨分子谱线参数 (16)3-4谱线及望远镜参数 (17)4-1谱线探测结果 (18)4-2光深与激发温度 (22)4-3低光度区域(柱)密度及分子丰度 (23)4-4低光度脉泽区云核物理量 (24)4-5高光度脉泽区云核物理量 (25)5-1外流线翼参数 (34)5-2外流特征物理量 (35)2-1N2H+谱线参数 (42)2-2HCO+谱线参数 (43)2-3CO谱线参数 (44)2-4NH3谱线参数 (45)2-5T-检验结果 (46)-vii-表格目录-viii-第一章背景：脉泽与恒星形成第一章背景：脉泽与恒星形成1.1天体脉泽脉泽(maser)，即微波受激辐射放大器(Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)首字母的音译词。