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小学朗文英语四年级上Chapter1-4复习

四年级上学期朗文 1-4 课复习题班级_______________ 姓名________________1.Look and write.看图写单词。

____________ ____________ ___________________________ ____________ _______________2.Choose the correct answers.选择填空。

1. ( ) _____ did people pay for things? They paid with silver.A: How B: What C: Where2. ( ) _______ did people live? They lived in villages.A: How B: What C: Where3. ( ) _____ did people travel? They traveled by sedan chair.A: How B: What C: Where4. ( ) ___did people go to school? They went to school on foot.A: How B: What C: Where5. ( ) _______ did people wear?A: How B: What C: Where3.Choose and write. 根据下列解释，把单词序号填在括号内。

A: firewood B: trainers C: letterD: camera E: credit card F: rickshaw1. ( )We use it to take photos.2. ( )People cooked with it five hundred years ago.3. ( )We use it like money to buy things.4. ( )They are in pairs. We wear them when we go jogging.5. ( )People write it and send it to our friends by post.6. ( ) People rode in it.4.Ask and answer the questions.选择正确的疑问词填空，并回答。

西方文化概论-Chapter 1 -7 (复习题)

1.The word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses: Excellenceof taste in the fine arts and humanities, also known as high culture. An integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning. The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.2.Some historians believe the West originated in the northern and easternMediterranean with ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Over time, their associated empires grew first to the east and south, conquering and absorbing many older great civilizations; later, they grew to the north and west to include Western Europe.3.Western culture is a term used to generally refer to most of the cultures ofEuropean origin and most of their descendants.4.Foundations of Western Culture are: ancient Greece (concretely Greekphilosophy), the Roman Empire (specifically Roman law), Catholic and Protestant Christianity.5.Western culture originates from 2 ancient cultures: Hellenistic culture （emphasizing rationality）and Hebraic culture （emphasizing virtue & discipline）6. 3 most noted achievements of ancient Greeks: Mythology; Architecture;philosophy.7.Greek Mythology, set of diverse traditional tales told by the ancient Greeksabout the exploits of gods and heroes and their relations with ordinary mortals.8.The Greek gods resembled human beings in their form and in their emotions.9.The Olympians refers to the twelve major gods and godd esses dwelling onMount Olympus.10.Zeus is the god of gods, the god of sky, the supreme god, the father of bothgods and men.11.Hermes (Mercury) is god of physicians and thieves; messenger of gods.12.Apollo is the sun god, the god of music, a god of prophecy.13.Dionysus is god of wine and ecstasy.14.Hephaestus is god of fire; celestial blacksmith.15.Athena is the goddess of war, wisdom and handicraft.16.Hera is queen of heaven and of the Olympians, the goddess of marriage andfamily, the protectress of married women and their legal children.17.Poseid on is the god of sea, the protector of seamen, the god of earthquakesand tsunamis.18.Had es is god of the und erworl d.19.Two of the most important of the semi historical myths involve the searchfor the Golden Fleece and the quest that led to the Trojan War.20.Aphrodite is the godd ess of l ove and beauty, the protectress of sailors.21.Heracles is a divine hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, stepson ofAmphitryon and great-grandson of Perseus, the greatest of the Greek heroes.22.The ancient Greek Olympic games was a religious rather than secular festival,celebrating the gods in general and Zeus in particular.23.The idiom “Pandora’s box” means the fountainhead of all evils.24.The idiom “Cupid’s arrow” signifies the magic power of love.25.“Tantalus’s torture” means permanent frustration by the sight of somethingdesired but inaccessible. It also means eternal thirst and hunger.26.The idiom “Sisyphean task” suggests everlasting fruitless hard labor.27.“The golden fleece” means very valuable thing which is rare an d verydifficult to get.28.“Golden touch” therefore refers to the magic power to change cheap metalsinto gold, or worthless junks into treasures.29.“The golden apple” or “the apple of discord” refers to the things that giverise to conflicts and strife.30.“A chilles’s heel” refers to the only part of the body that remains vulnerable.31.“Trojan horse”, or “the wooden horse” means a trap intended to underminean enemy, or subversion from inside.32.The term “Oedipus complex” was chosen by Sigmund Freud to designate ason’s feeling of love toward his mother and jealous hatred toward his father.33.“Narcissistic (personality) disorder” or “narcissism”, means the indulgencein self-admiration.34.“The sword of Damocles” on one hand signifies the impending danger, andon the other hand, indicates the precariousness of power and rank.35.Constellations: Aries (the Ram)白羊座, Taurus (the Bull)金牛座, Gemini (theTwins)双子座, Cancer (the Crab) 巨蟹座, Leo(the Lion)狮子座, Virgo (the Virgin)处女座, Libra (the Scales)天秤座, Scorpio (the Scorpion)天蝎座, Sagittarius (the Archer)射手座, Capricorn (the Goat)摩羯座, Aquarius (the Water Carrier)水瓶座, Pisces (the Fishes)双鱼座.36.Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are Classical Greek philosophers.37.Western culture originates from the Hebraic-Christian culture that isund oubtedly embodied in and found ed upon the Holy Bibl e.38.Christianity was the inheritor and the reformer of Judaism, and so theChristian Bibl e includ es the Ol d Testament and the New Testament.39.The Old Testament is the coll ection of books written prior to the life of Jesusbut accepted by Christians as scripture.40.The Torah, or "Instruction," is also known as the "Five Books" of Moses，includ es Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.41.The Torah contains the ten commandments, of God, reveal ed at Mount Sinai.42.Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings ofJesus as presented in the New Testament.43.God is the eternal being who created the universe and all there is have theproperties of holiness, justice, omnipotence, omniscience, omnibenevol ence, omnipresence and immortality.44.Christians call the message of Jesus Christ the Gospel ("good news").45.The central tenet of Christianity is the belief in Jesus as the Son of God andthe Messiah (Christ).46.Christians generally believe that Jesus is God incarnation and "true God andtrue man" (or both fully divine and fully human).47.Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born from the Virgin Mary.48.The Eucharist (called Holy Communion, or the Lord's Supper) is the part ofliturgical worship that consists of a consecrated meal, usually bread and wine.49.Christianity was l egalized in the 4th century, when Constantine I issued anedict of tol eration in 313. From at l east the 4th century, Christianity has played a prominent rol e in the shaping of Western civilization.50.Christianity may be broadly represented as being divid ed into five maingroupings: Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthod oxy, Oriental Orthod oxy, Protestantism, Restorationism.51.Food is important to keep traditions alive as they are part of our history andour culture.52.The multitud es of food styl es of the Western society mainly result from thehistory, heritage, and geographical differences.53.A full course dinner usually consists of multipl e dishes. Usually it is mad e upof three or four courses, such as appetizer, main course and d essert.54.At the end of the meal, napkin shoul d be l eft semi-fold ed at the l eft sid e of theplate.55.Celebrating birthdays became popular almost universally because birthdaysgive peopl e a reason to gather in friendly groups, share food, and enjoy kinship.56.In many portions of the worl d an individual's birthday is cel ebrated by a partywhere a specially mad e cake, usually d ecorated with l ettering and the person's age, is presented. The cake is traditionally stud d ed with the same number of lit candl es as the age of the individual.57.Religious symbolism suggests that lighting candl es opens a channel forprayers to the unseen worl d above. This concept has been borrowed to convey the id ea that blowing out birthday candl es sends a birthday wish to heaven.58.Baptism is consid ered to be a form of rebirth—"by water and the Spirit"—thenakedness of baptism (the second birth) parall eled the condition of one's original birth.59.The removal of cl othing represented the "image of putting off the ol d manwith his d eeds, so the stripping of the body before for baptism represented taking off the trappings of sinful self, so that the "new man," which is given by Jesus, can be put on.60.Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worl dwid e youth movementwith the stated aim of supporting young peopl e in their physical, mental and spiritual d evelopment, that they may play constructive rol es in society.61.If the coupl e of l overs are going into marriage, the man shoul d make aproposal by giving an engagement ring to the woman.62.The marriage will be recognized by: a marriage license and wed dingceremony.63.The reason why brid esmaids and groomsmen are need is that the evil spiritswoul d be confused by so many similarly dressed peopl e.64.A funeral is a ceremony for celebrating, sanctifying or remembering the life ofa person who has died.65.A funeral may take place at either a funeral home or church.66.Funeral services commonly includ e prayers; readings from a sacred text;hymns (sung either by the attend ees or a hired vocalist); and words of comfort by the cl ergy. Frequently, a relative or cl ose friend will be asked to give a eul ogy颂歌, which d etails happy memories and accomplishments; often commenting on the d eceased's flaws, especially at l ength, is consid ered impolite.67.Festivals are precious human heritage that links to religion, customs, historyand peopl e’s lifestyl es. Festivals, of many types, serve to meet specific needs, as well as to provid e entertainment.68.Though festivals many have religious origins, others involve seasonal changeor have some cultural significance.69.New Year’s Day is universally cel ebrated on the first day of the calendar,January 1.70.Chinese New Year is celebrated in many countries around the worl d, it is thefirst day of the lunar calendar.71.Valentine's Day is a holiday cel ebrated on February 14(in most countries).Love and affection are celebrated between l overs by sending greeting cards andgifts, dating.72.Mod ern Valentine's Day symbols includ e the heart-shaped outline, d oves, andthe figure of the winged Cupid.73.Passover is a Jewish holiday and festival. It commemorates the story of theExodus, in which the ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt. 74.Easter is the central feast in the Christian liturgical year, celebrating theresurrection of Jesus. According to the Canonical gospels, Jesus rose from thed ead on the third day after his crucifixion. His resurrection is celebrated onEaster Day or Easter Sunday (also Resurrection Day or Resurrection Sunday) .75.Easter egg is seen by foll owers of Christianity as a symbol of resurrection:whil e being d ormant it contains a new life sealed within it.76.Mother's Day is a cel ebration honoring mothers and celebrating motherhood,maternal bonds and the influence of mothers in society. It originated from an ancient Greek ritual which was to respect the Mother of Gods, Hera.77.Halloween is a yearly holiday observed around the worl d on October 31, thenight before All Saints’ Day, much like Day of the Dead celebrations.78.The American Thanksgiving Day is a traditional family feast with a traditionalturkey dinner, usually in the mid-afternoon. Typical Thanksgiving food also includ es sweet potatoes, pumpkins, cranberries, and fruit salads.79.Carnival typically involves a public cel ebration or parad e combining someelements of a circus, mask and public street party. Peopl e often dress up or masquerad e during the cel ebrations, which mark an overturning of daily life.80.The three very important European Film Festivals are Venice Film Festival,Cannes Film Festival, and Berlin International Film Festival.81.The Gold en Lion is award ed to the best film at Venice Film Festival.82.The Gold en Palm is the highest prize award ed at The Cannes InternationalFilm Festival.83.The Gol d en Bear is the highest prize award ed for the best film at the BerlinInternational Film Festival.1。

英语词汇学复习资料vs练习题chapter1

英语词汇学复习资料vs练习题chapter1《英语词汇学》复习资料Chapter 11. Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbi trary and conventional. E.g. ―woman‖ means ’Frau’ in German，’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand，the same sound /rait/ can mean right，rite and write，though denoting different things，yet have the same sound.3. The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.（At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns）a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language.b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spellingc）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500d）. Borrowing of foreign language4. V ocabulary —— V ocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect， a given book，a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history.The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words.5.Classification of Words—by use frequency，by notion，by origin1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary.1. all national character （most important）–natural phenomenamost common things and phenomena of the human body and relationsworld around us names of plants and animalsaction，size，domain，statenumerals，pronouns，prep. ，conj.2. stability – they donate the commonest thing necessary to life，they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative，some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow.e.g. arrow，bow，chariot，knight – past electricity，machine，car，plane —— now3. productivity – they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words，they can form new words with other roots and affixes.e.g. foot – football，footage，footpath，footer4. polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous.e.g. take to move or carry from one place to anotherto remove5. collocability – quite a number of set expressions，idiomatic usages，proverbial saying and otherse.g. heart – a change of heart， a heart of goldNon-basic vocabulary ——1. terminology – technical termsphotoscanning，hepatitis，indigestion，penicillin，algebra，trigonometry，calculus2. jargon – specialized vocabulary in certain professions.Bottom line，ballpark figures，bargaining chips，hold him back，hold him in，paranoid3. slang —— substandard words often used in informal occasionsdough and bread，grass and pot，beaver，smoky，bear，catch，holler，Roger，X-rays，Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage.4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groupscan-opener，dip，persuadercant，jargon ，argot are associated with，or most available to，specific groups of the population.5. dialectal words – only by speakers of the dialectbeauty，chook，cocky，station，auld，build，coo，hame，lough，bog6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems，legal document and religious writing or speech.7. neologism – newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics，futurology，AIDS，internet，E-mailold meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse，monitor2）. Content word （notional word）– denote clear notions.Functional word （empty word，form word）– do not have notions of their own，express the relation betweennotions，words and sentences.a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous.Functional words are in a small number.b. Content words are growing.Functional words remain stable.c. Functional words do far more work of expression than content words.3）. Native words – are words brought to Britain in the 15 century by the German tribes. Ango-Saxon Words，50000-60000 What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are1. neutral in style （not stylistical specific ）2. frequent in use （in academic fields and science French，Latin or Greek are used）（usage 70-90%）Borrowed words （loan words，borrowing）– words taken over from foreign language. 80%According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing，we can bring the loan words under 4 classes.1.Denizens – words borrowed early and now are well assimilated into English language.e.g. port from portus（L）shift，change，shirt，pork cup from cuppa（L）2.Aliens – retained their original pronunciation and spellinge.g. décor（F）blitzkreeg（G）emir，intermez，rowtow，bazaar，rajar，status quo3.translation loans – formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.1）. Word translated according to the meaninge.g. mother tough from lingua maternal（L）black humor from humor noirlong time no see，surplus value，master piece2）. Words translated according to the sounde.g. kulak from kyrak（Russ）lama from lama（Tib）ketchup tea4. Semantic loans – their meaning are borrowed from another languagee.g. stupid old dump new sassy dream old joy and peacepioneer old explorer/person doing pioneering work new a member of the young pioneerfresh old impertinent，sassy，cheeky英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of______C___construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.______C__ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ___A___ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different ___A______ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular_____B___ for special effectsA. situationB. contextD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a ____D___ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of __D_____ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. ____B______refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._____D____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of __B_____.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11._____D___ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in ___A______use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slight13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ___A___meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as______B___ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called ___C____words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and __usages___of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the __morphological____ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, __historical___development, formation and ___usages___.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, __Semantics____,etymology, stylistics, _Lexicography_______.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and __diachronic_____./doc/b17ce13ba300a6c30c229f39.html nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and__vocabulary_____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( G ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( F ) B. aught23. Jargon( A ) C. poor24. Argot ( H ) D. upon25.Notional words( C ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( E ) F. at heart本质上27. Aliens ( J ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( I ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( B ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( D ) J. emir埃⽶尔(对穆斯林统治者的尊称)IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( 1 ) 32 a change of heart ( 1 )33. can-opener 开罐器(⽩内障⼿术⽤)( 2 ) 34.Roger ( 2 )35. bottom line ( 2 ) 36.penicillin ( 2 )37. auld<苏格兰>⽼的；过去的( 2 ) 38. futurology ( 2 )39.brethren ( 2 ) 40. take ( 1 )V. Define the following terms.41. word42. Denizens43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language. 45. Semantic-loans: words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form but to the meaning.VI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.1.Fu nv in Chinese; woman in English2.live, have,true, ―e‖not pronounced.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.Rain, man, doglike,take, at heart,48.Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.Penicillin, Roger,dip,memoryVII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.(earth, cloud, run,walk,five,frequently, never, content words) (on, of, upon, the, a, but, be,functional words)50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirt Denizens: port shirtAliens:bazaarTranslation-loans:lama master-pieceSemantic-loans:pioneer kowtow dream。

英语词汇学试题复习参考（分章节）

英语词汇学试题复习参考（分章节）英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarilythrough the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. rootis traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. StylisticsEnglish is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semanticis the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. placeshares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policemanare words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology,______,etymology, stylistics, ________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______./doc/152063694.html,nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. uponwords( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) ( )35. bottom line ( ) ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loans VI. Answer the following Questionsthe relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. historical, usages 18. semantics, . vocabularyII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocabilitybasic word stock; argotword stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminologyword stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, whichcan be grouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in greatnumbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again byNorwegian and Danish Vikings. With theinvaders, many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modernEnglish.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continualflow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the lawcourts, and government and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which arederived from the dead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian allbelong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern EuropeanLanguages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or socialpower and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10th D. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) tothe present _____ language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be groupedinto an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words 2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( )22. religious ( )( ) C. Persian24. French ( )25. Old English ( ) E. abbot( ) F. skirtEnglish ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stemVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words50. How does the modern English vocabulary developKey to exercises:I.II. English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic (1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free rootroot( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,. astrobiology, greenrevolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; . Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; . felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, . consideration, carefulness; (2) semantic change, . Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;. tofu, gongful. Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locativeprefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locativeprefixesare contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________./doc/152063694.html,s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________./doc/152063694.html,s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student andcontra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________./doc/152063694.html,s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____., also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combiningparts of two words or a word plusa part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes ( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.) ( ) C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action, etc) （）D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes （）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( )27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( )29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45.suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds47. What are the main types of blendings48. What are the main types of compoundsVII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. AII. 16. derivation , compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau)III. 22. I 23. H 24. J. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonicand back clipping, influenzaclipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book). There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the humanmind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. relatedis a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexicalmeaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaningunstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because ina sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaningthe same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different wordsis the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific countryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______/doc/152063694.html,pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum totalof the morphemes combined.18. _______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the historyof the word explains the meaning of the word.20. Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( )28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordthe following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )III.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affective meaning IV.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference 47. What is concept 48. What is senseV.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:I. 1. CII.16. meanings motivation meaningIII.21. DIV.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VI.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by theconceptual meaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylisticfeatures, which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc.,all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thingin question. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones;notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation.In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and developmentof the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and thesecondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning ofa word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenationimportant criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and floweris _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, . bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms/doc/152063694.html,position and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employedin a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with onlyone meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their____, the second principal consideration is ________.17.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one ______whereas homonyms。

香港朗文版2A期末复习资料Chapter1___Chapter

香港朗文版2A期末复习资料Unit 1 Coming to School一、词汇1、会默写的单词bus minibus school bus ferry MTR LRT tram train pupil children Get into groups walk ask join minute taxi girl boy2、单词巩固练习bus ________________ 迷你巴士_______________地铁_______________ LRT_______________电车_______________ train_______________女孩_______________ 的士_______________ferry_______________ pupil ______________补全单词gr_u_p p_p_l fe___y a_k jo_nmin_te w_lk sc_ool L_T gi_l写一写group minute pupil school taxi girl二、句子要背诵的句子1、How do you come to school?2、I come to school on foot.3、I come to school by MTR.4、I walk to school.5、How many pupils come by car?6、One pupil comes by car.7、Seven pupils come by school bus.8、Then get into groups.9、Come on, Wendy.10、Ask your friends.句子练习连线题Ask your friends 然后组成小组Come on , Wendy 去问一下你的朋友们Then get into groups 来吧，WendyJoin a group 加入一个小组补全句子1 How do you ___________(come/ comes) to school?2 He ___________ (come/ comes) to school by bus.3 How mang ___________(pupil/pupils) ___________ (come/ comes) to schoolby minibus?4 Three ___________( pupil/pupils) __________(come/ comes) to schoolby minibus.Unit2 About Me一、会默的单词什么 ________________ sun _______________住__________________ 家__________________哪里________________ how old...?_________________班__________________ 的士____________________二、会背的句子What’s your name?My name’s Kitty./I’m Kitty.How old are you? I’m seven.Where do you live? I live in Wan Chai.What’s your telephone number?It’s 2323 4546 .Welcome to our class.三、练习，句子填空。

Chapter3习题集及答案

Chapter3习题集及答案Chapter 3 Foreign Currency Futures3.1 Multiple Choice and True/False Questions1) Financial derivatives are powerful tools that can be used by management for purposes ofA) speculation.B) hedging.C) arbitrage.D) A, B and C above.Answer: D2) A foreign currency ________ contract calls for the future delivery of a standard amount of foreign exchange at a fixed time, place, and price.A) futuresB) forwardC) optionD) swapAnswer: A3) Currency futures contracts have become standard fare and trade readily in the world money centers. Answer: TRUE4) The major difference between currency futures andforward contracts is that futures contracts are standardized for ease of trading on an exchange market whereas forward contracts are specialized and tailoredto meet the needs of clients.Answer: TRUE5) Which of the following is NOT a contract specification for currency futures trading on an organized exchange?A) size of the contractB) maturity dateC) last trading dayD) fixed gainsAnswer: D6) About ________ of all futures contracts are settled by physical delivery of foreign exchange between buyer and seller.A) 0%B) 5%C) 50%D) 95%Answer: B7) Futures contracts require that the purchaser deposit an initial sum as collateral. This deposit is called aA) collateralized deposit.B) marked market sum.C) margin.D) settlement.Answer: C8) A speculator in the futures market wishing to lock ina price at which they could ________ a foreign currency will ________ a futures contract.A) buy; sellB) sell; buyC) buy; buyD) none of the aboveAnswer: C9) A speculator that has ________ a futures contract has taken a ________ position.A) sold; longB) purchased; shortC) sold; shortD) purchased; soldAnswer: C10) Peter Simpson expects that the U.K. pound will cost $1.62/￡in six months. A 6-month currency futures contract is available today at a rate of $1.63/￡. If Peter was to speculate in the currency futures market, and his expectations are correct, which of the following strategies would earn him a profit?A) Sell a pound currency futures contract.B) Buy a pound currency futures contract.C) Sell pounds today.D) Sell pounds in six months.Answer: A11) Jack Hemmings bought a 3-month British pound futures contract for $1.6200/￡only to see the dollar appreciate to a value of $1.6118 at which time he sold the pound futures. If each pound futures contract is for an amount of ￡62,500, how much money did Jack gain or lose from his speculation with pound futures?A) $512.50 lossB) $512.50 gainC) ￡512.50 lossD) ￡512.50 gainAnswer: A12) Which of the following statements regarding currency futures contracts and forward contracts is true?A) A futures contract is a standardized amount per currency whereas the forward contact is for any size desired.B) A futures contract is for a fixed maturity whereas the forward contract is for any maturity you like up to one year.C) Futures contracts trade on organized exchanges whereas forwards take place between individuals and banks with other banks via telecom linkages.D) All of the above are true.Answer: D13) Which of the following is a difference between a currency futures contract and a forward contract?A) The futures contract is marked to market daily whereas the forward contract is only due to be settled at maturity.B) The counterparty to the futures participant is unknown with the clearinghouse stepping into each transaction whereas the forward contract participantsare in direct contact setting the forward specifications.C) A single sales commission covers both the purchase and sale of a futures contract whereas there is no specific sales commission with a forward contract because banks earn a profit through the bid-ask spread.D) All of the above are true.Answer: D14) As a general statement, it is safe to say that businesses generally use the ________ for foreign currency forward contracts, and individuals and financial institutions typically use the ________for foreign currency futures contracts.A) exchange markets; over-the-counterB) over-the-counter; exchange marketsC) private; government sponsoredD) government sponsored; privateAnswer: B15) All exchange-traded futures are settled through a clearing house but over-the-counter forwards are not and are thus subject to greater ________ risk.A) exchange rateB) countryC) counterpartyD) none of the aboveAnswer: C16) When reading the futures quotation in the financial section of the newspaper, the column heading indicating the number of contracts outstanding is called ________.A) contracts outstandingB) settleC) open interestD) short positionsAnswer: CTable 3.1Use the below mentioned table to answer following question(s). December 17, 2009, British Pound futures Prices for 2010 (US dollars per pound, 62,500 pound contracts).Maturity Open High Low Change Settle Volume March 10 1.6315 1.6333 1.6071 -0.0155 1.6146 127,234 June 10 1.6315 1.6323 1.6065 -0.0155 1.6137 14517)Refer to Table 3.1. What was the contract price ofthe British pound, if you need to lock the value of GBP for your GBP receivables in 3-month period?A) $1.6146/￡B) ￡1.6146/$C) $1.6315/￡D) ￡1.6315/$Answer: A18) Refer to Table 3.1. The price of ________ making you taking a short position to sell two pounds futures contracts have maturity date in June 10, 2010 has a total contract value of ________.A) ￡1.6137/$, ￡201,712.50B) $1.6137/￡, $201,712.50C) $1.6146/￡, $100,912.50D) ￡1.6146/$, $100,912.50Answer: B19) Refer to Table 3.1 and question 19. If the spot exchange rate of British pound proves to be $1.6128/￡in June 10, 2010, what is your gain or loss for your short position?A) $112.50 gainB) $112.50 lossC) $56.25 gainD) $56.25 lossAnswer: A20) Andrea Lee is a currency speculator who enjoys "betting" on changes in the foreign currency exchange market. Currently the spot price for the Japanese yen is ￥90.870/$ and the 6-month futures contract price is ￥90.530/$. Andrea thinks the yen will move to ￥90.120/$ in the next six months. Andrea should ________ at the futures price to profit from changing currency values.A) buy yenB) buy dollarsC) sell yenD) There is not enough information to answer this question.Answer: A3.2 Essay Questions1) Why are foreign currency futures contracts more popular with individuals and banks while foreign currency forwards are more popular with businesses? Answer: Foreign currency futures are standardizedcontracts that lendthemselves well to speculation purposes but less so for hedging purposes. The standardized nature of the futures contract makes it easy to trade futures and to make bets about general changes in the value of currencies. Forward contracts are better for hedging in that they are tailored to meet the specific needs of the client, typically a business, and can be quite useful in reducing exchange rate risk. Banks are involved in the foreign currency futures market in part to offset positions that they may have taken in the forward markets as dealers.2) How do currency forward and futures contracts differ with respect to maturity, settlement, and the size and timing of cash flows?Answer: see p36-37, Table 3.73) What is the primary role of the exchange clearinghouse?Answer: see p14-15※4) Draw and explain the payoff profile associated with a currency futures contract.Answer: refer to chapter 8。

复习chapter2

Chapter21. I don’t think your hairstyle ______ you.A. suitB. suitsC. is suitD. suits to2. They became _____ because they heard that_____ news.A. exciting, excitingB. excited, excitedC. exciting, excitedD. excited, exciting3. We all know that a person’s thoughts ____his behavior.A. decideB. are decided byC. depend onD. are depend on4. The boss said he wouldn’t make the workers___ for such a long time again.A. workB. workedC. to workD. working5. —Are the beds ______?—Yes, but the problem is that we didn’t have ___.A. soft enough; beds enoughB. soft enough; enough bedsC. enough soft; beds enoughD. enough soft; enough beds6．.— Why is short hair a ___ hairstyle for me?— Because your face is round, and this hairstyle makes your face ___ longer.A. suitable; lookingB. suit; lookC. suitable; lookD. suit; to look7.— Do you know ___?— Yes. She lives in the building across the street.A. where Miss Green livesB. where does Miss Green liveC. where Miss Green livedD. where did Miss Green live8. I don’t think your hairstyle ______ you.A. suitB. suitsC. is suitD. suits to2. They became _____ because they heard that _____ news.A. exciting, excitingB. excited, excitedC. exciting, excitedD. excited, exciting3. We all know that a person’s thoughts ____ his behavior.A. decideB. are decided byC. depend onD. are depend on4. The boss said he wouldn’t make the workers ___ for such a long time again.A. workB. workedC. to workD. working5. —Are the beds ______?—Yes, but the problem is that we didn’t ha ve ______.A. soft enough; beds enoughB. soft enough; enough bedsC. enough soft; beds enoughD. enough soft; enough beds6. My car is broken. I must have it _____ now.A. repairB. to repairC. repairedD. repairing7. —Would you mind my using your dictionary?—______A. No. I’m using it now.B. No. Here it is.C. Yes. You can use it.D. Yes. It’s here.8. —I want to talk to Mr. Smith.—So I have to make an appointment _____, don’t I?A. to himB. with youC. for himD. for you4. Lily fell ___ her bike ___ the way to school.A. out; onB. out; inC. off; onD. off; in5. I did a survey ___ water pollution ___ our school newspaper.A. about; forB. on; toC. for; inD. with; on)1. To keep you ____, you need to take____ as much as possible.A. health; exerciseB. healthy; exercisesC. healthy; exerciseD. health; exercises( )2. —How much did you ___ for the book?—It _____ me $12.A. cost; paidB. pay; costC. cost; costD. pay; paid( )3. —Jane, I bought a dress last week. Is it _____?—Yeah, it’s lovely, and the colour of it _____ you very well.A. nice enough; to suitB. enough nice; suitsC. nice enough; suitsD. enough nice; to suit( )4. Thomas is very busy, but he promises ___ me French when he is ____.A. to teach; freelyB. teaching; availableC. teaching; freelyD. to teach; available( )5. _____ in the middle of every month, the moon we see is clean and _____.A. Round; aroundB. Around; roundC. Round; roundD. Around; around( )6. —I will try my best to prepare for the coming exam.—_____. Let’s study hard together.A. I will doB. So do IC. So will ID. I will so( )7. Don’t worry! We can ___ him ___ help. Everything will go well.A. depend; onB. depend on; forC. depend; forD. depend on; on( )8. The West Lake in Hangzhou is _____ nice place. It would be pleasing _____ us to live there.A. such a; ofB. so a; forC. so a; ofD. such a; for( )9. —Lily, why do you _____ music so much?—Because I feel _____ top of the world when listening to it.A. care of; inB. care for; onC. care for; inD. care of; on( )10. I don’t like reading outside the classroom, because it is _____.A. not enough quietB. enough quiet notC. not quiet enoughD. enough not quiet( )12. At ____, everything must be clean. So the cleaner cleans very hard to make things in the room ____.A. the doctor; shinyB. the doctor’s; shinesC. the doctor’s; shinyD. the doctor; shines14. As his car ____, David was going to have it ____.A. broke down; repairingB. breaking down; repairedC. broke down; repairedD. breaking down; repairing15. —_____ picture! You’re really an expert _____ drawing.—Thank you. I am glad you like it.A. How a wonderful; atB. How wonderful; withC. What a wonderful; atD. What wonderful; with1. The firemen arrived ____ to put out the fire.A. there enough quicklyB. there quickly enoughC. enough quickly thereD. quickly enough there3. She told us ____ story that we all forgot about the time.A. such an interestingB. such an interestedC. so an interestingD. so an interested4. —How did you like the film?—I like it very much. It was ____ than you could imagine.A. far more interestingB. far more interestedC. so more interestingD. so more interested5. I don’t think the holiday is ____ to visit Europe.A. long enough for youB. enough long for youC. long enough of youD. enough long of you2. He had never spent a ____ day.A. more worryB. most worryingC. more worryingD. most worried( )3. —What makes you feel ____ before exams?—_____ a walk before going to bed.A. relaxed; TakenB. relaxing; TakenC. relaxing; TakingD. relaxed; Taking( )4. Mark got _____ in a heavy rain, but he was ____ to catch a cold.A. catch; strong enough notB. caught; not enough strongC. catch; not strong enoughD. caught; strong enough not( )8. My mother bought an almost ______ bread on her way _____ home yesterday.A. brown 40 cm long; toB. 40 cm long brown; /C. brown 40 cm long; /D. 40 cm long brown; to( )9. —Would you mind _____?—I am sorry, it’s not good ___ in public.A. me smoking; smokeB. me to smoke; to smokeC. me smoking; to smoke( )10. —Lily, I am not feeling well. Can you ___ the doctor?—Sure, but I need to ring him to _____ an appointment for you.A. call from; makeB. call in; keepC. call from; keepD. call in; makeD. me to smoke; smoke)13. ____ money couldn’t prevent the scientist ______ studying further about the unknown.A. Lack of; fromB. Lacking of; fromC. Lack of; offD. Lacking of; off( )14. _____ a delicious dinner for the coming new year, the family _____ hours in cooking.A. To make; costB. Making; costC. To make; spentD. Making; spent( )15. Three more patients need _____. So we send one more nurse for you to _____.A. to look after; workB. looking after; work withC. to look after; work withD. looking after; work按要求改变下列句子。

复习题chapter1

Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet1．The ( ) is a worldwide computer network, that is, a network that interconnects millions of computing devices throughout the world.ppt3A public Internet 公共网络B Intranet 企业内部互联网C switch net 交换网D television net 电视网2．Which kind of media is not a guided media(引导媒体)? ( )A twisted-pair copper wire 双绞线铜线B a coaxial cable 同轴电缆C fiber optics 纤维光学D digital satellite channel 数字卫星频道3．Which kind of media is a guided media? ( )A geostationary satellite 地球同步卫星B low-altitude satellite 低空卫星C fiber optics 纤维光学D wireless LAN 无线局域网4．The units of data exchanged by a link-layer protocol are called ( ).A FramesB SegmentsC DatagramsD bit streams5．Which of the following option belongs to the circuit-switched(电路交换) networks? ( )A FDMB TDMC VC networksD both A and B6．( )makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms the other side by sending too many packets too fast.A Reliable data transferB Flow controlC Congestion controlD Handshaking procedure8．Datagram networks and virtual-circuit networks differ in that ( ).A datagram networks are circuit-switched networks, andvirtual-circuit networks are packet-switched networks.B datagram networks are packet-switched networks, andvirtual-circuit networks are circuit-switched networks.C datagram networks use destination addresses and virtual-circuitnetworks use VC. numbers to forward packets toward theirdestination.D datagram networks use VC. numbers and virtual-circuit networksuse destination addresses to forward packets toward their destination. 9．In the following options, which one is not a guided media? ( )A twisted-pair wireB fiber opticsC coaxial cableD satellite10．Processing delay does not include the time to ( ).A examine the packet’s headerB wait to transmit the packet onto the linkC determine where to direct the packetD check bit-error in the packet12．The Internet’s network layer is responsible for moving network-layer packets known as ( ) from one host to another.A frameB datagramC segmentD message13．The protocols of various layers are called ( ).A the protocol stackB TCP/IPC ISPD network protocol14．There are two classes of packet-switched networks: ( ) networks and virtual-circuit networks.A datagramB circuit-switchedC televisionD telephone15．Access networks can be loosely classified into three categories: residential access, company access and ( ) access.A cabledB wirelessC campusD city area18．In the Internet, the equivalent concept to end systems is ( ).A hostsB serversC clientsD routers19．In the Internet, end systems are connected together by ( ).A copper wireB coaxial cableC communication links 通信链路D fiber optics20．End systems access to the Internet through its ( ).A modemsB protocolsC ISP 网络运营商D sockets121．End systems, packet switches, and other pieces of the Internet, run ( ) that control the sending and receiving of information within theInternet.A programsB processesC applicationsD protocols22．There are many private networks, such as many corporate and government networks, whose hosts cannot exchange messages withhosts outside of the private network. These private networks are often referred to as ( ).A internetsB LANC intranetsD WAN23．The internet allows ( ) running on its end systems to exchange data with each other.A clients applicationsB server applicationsC P2P applicationsD distributed applications24．The Internet provides two services to its distributed applications: a connectionless unreliable service and () service.A flow controlB connection-oriented reliableC congestion controlD TCP25．It defines the format and the order of messages exchanged between two or more communicating entities, as well as the actions taken on thetransmission and/or receipt of a message or other event. The sentence describes ( ).A InternetB protocolC intranetD network26．In the following options, which does not define in protocol? ( )A the format of messages exchanged between two or morecommunicating entitiesB the order of messages exchanged between two or morecommunicating entitiesC the actions taken on the transmission of a message or other eventD the transmission signals are digital signals or analog（模拟）signals27．In the following options, which is defined in protocol? ( )A the actions taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message orother eventB the objects exchanged between communicating entitiesC the content in the exchanged messagesD the location of the hosts28．In the following options, which does not belong to the network edge?( )A end systemsB routersC clientsD servers29．In the following options, which belongs to the network core? ( )A end systemsB routersC clientsD servers30．In the following options, which is not the bundled with the Internet’s connection-oriented service? (在下面选择，哪一个不是捆绑了互联网的面向连接的服务？)A reliable data transferB guarantee of the transmission timeC flow controlD congestion-control31．An application can rely on the connection to deliver all of its data without error and in the proper order. The sentence describes ( ).A flow controlB congestion-controlC reliable data transferD connection-oriented service32．It makes sure that neither side of a connection overwhelms the other side by sending too many packets too fast. The sentence describes ( ).A flow controlB congestion-controlC connection-oriented serviceD reliable data transfer33．It helps prevent the Internet from entering a state of gridlock. When a packet switch becomes congested, its buffers can overflow and packetloss can occur. The sentence describes ( ).A flow controlB congestion-controlC connection-oriented serviceD reliable data transfer34．The Internet’s connection-oriented service has a name, it is ( ).A TCPB UDPC TCP/IPD IP35．In the following options, which service does not be provided to an application by TCP?( )A reliable transportB flow controlC video conferencing 视频会议2D congestion control36．The Internet’s connectionless service is called ( ).A TCPB UDPC TCP/IPD IP37．In the following options, which does not use TCP?( )A SMTPB internet telephoneC FTPD HTTP38．In the following options, which does not use UDP?( )A Internet phoneB video conferencingC streaming multimediaD telnet39．There are two fundamental approaches to building a network core(有2个基本方法建立一个网络核心)，（）and packet switching.A electrical current switchingB circuit switchingC data switchingD message switching40．In ( ) networks, the resources needed along a path to provide for communication between the end system are reserved for the duration of the communication session.A packet-switchedB data-switchedC circuit-switchedD message-switched41．In ( ) networks, the resources are not reserved; a session’s messages use the resources on demand, and as a consequence, may have to wait for access to communication link.A packet-switchedB data-switchedC circuit-switchedD message-switched44．( )（是指交换机必须接收整个数据包之前就可以开始传递的第一位的数据包上出站链接。

Chapter1复习

Chapter 1Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer RelationshipsMultiple Choice1.Marketing seeks to create and manage profitable customer relationships by delivering_____ to customers.petitive pricesb.superior valuec.superior serviced.superior promotion(b; Easy)2.The marketing manager at Sunshine Car Washes is holding a training session for newemployees. She stresses that perhaps the most important concept of modernmarketing is _____.a.customer relationship managementb.e-mail advertisingc. a quality Web sited.properly trained sales people(a; Moderate)3.This business is now the best-known name on the Net.a.Barnes and Nobleb.Microsoftd.America Online(c; Easy)4.Jeff Bezos, founder of , wants to deliver a _____ to every customer.a.special experienceb.superior valuec.wide selection of productsd.none of the above(a; Easy) delivers all of the following benefits except one. Choose it.a.huge selectionb.good valuec.convenienced.no refund, credit only policy(d; Challenging)6.Selling on the Web presents serious challenges. has made large initialinvestments in computer systems, distribution centers, and _____.a.customer acquisitionb.inventoryc.employee trainingd.employee benefits(a; Moderate)7.Many experts predict that the future will belong to retailers who offer both “clicks”and _____.a.major discountsb.bricksc.superior locationsd.superior promotion(b; Easy)8.You have learned at work that today’s successful companies at all levels have onething in common: they are strongly customer focused and heavily committed to _____.a.obtaining the best CEOsb.increasing wealth to stockholdersc.marketingd.employee motivation(c; Moderate)9._____ is managing profitable customer relationships.a.Managementb.Controlc.Marketingd.Human Resources(c; Easy)10.The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superiorvalue and to _____.a.keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfactionb.keep and grow current customers by delivering competitive pricingc.keep and grow current customers by delivering friendly serviced.all of the above(a; Challenging)11.Highly successful companies know that if they take care of their customers,_____ will follow.a.frequent word of mouthb.market sharec.profitsd.market share and profits(d; Moderate)12.Marketing is more than _____ and advertising.a.distributionb.promotionc.sellingd.customer service(c; Easy)13.Today, marketing must be understood in terms of making a sale and _____.a.satisfying customer needsb.understanding customer valuec.customers’ self imagesd.brilliant advertising(a; Easy)14.Marketing is not only an exchange and managerial process, it is a _____.a.numbers gameb.social processc.cultural processd.subcultural process(b. Moderate)15.You have learned from experience as well as from this course that the most basicconcept underlying marketing is that of _____.a.selling and advertisingb.customer satisfactionc.retaining customersd.human needs(d; Easy)16.As a new assistant marketing manager trainee, you learn in an orientation meetingthat _____ are the form human needs take as they are shaped by culture andindividual personality.a.wantsb.demandsc.self conceptsd.desires(a; Moderate)17.Tommy Wang now has the buying power to purchase the computer system he haswanted for the last six months. Tommy’s want now has become a _____.a.needb.necessityc.demandd.none of the above(c; Easy)18.What do companies call a set of benefits that they promise to consumers to satisfytheir needs?a.marketing offerb.value propositionc.demand satisfactiond.need proposition(b; Moderate)19.You are preparing a combination of products, services, information, and experiencesto a market to satisfy needs and wants. What are you preparing?a.value propositionb.demand satisfactionc.tactical pland.marketing offer(d; Challenging)20.We must learn a valuable lesson in marketing. Many sellers make the mistake ofpaying more attention to the specific products they offer than to the _____ produced by those products.a.benefitsb.experiencesc.benefits and experiencesd.value satisfaction(c; Moderate)21.Smart marketers look beyond the attributes of the products and services they sell.They create brand _____ and brand _____ for consumers.a.awareness; preferenceb.recognition; preferencec.meaning; preferenced.meaning; experiences(d; Challenging)22.By orchestrating several services and products, companies can create, stage, andmarket brand _____.a.meaningb.experiencesc.awarenessd.preferences(b; Moderate)23.The difference between customer value and customer satisfaction is that value is thedifference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a product and the _____.a.costs of delivery of the productb.cost of obtaining the productc.cost of competing productsd.cost of the lost experience(b. Moderate)24.We can safely say that when a customer’s purchase lives up to his or her expectations,the customer is experiencing this state of being.a.customer valueb.self-esteemc.self-actualizationd.customer satisfaction(d; Moderate)25.At work, customers decide to satisfy needs and wants through exchange. Whatoccurs at this point?a.sellingb.customer servicec.marketingd.transaction marketing(c; Challenging26.Marketing consists of actions taken to build and maintain desirable _____ with targetaudiences involving a product, service, idea, or other object.a.exchange transactionsb.exchange relationshipsc.exchange processesd.exchange communications(b; Easy)27.This group of buyers share a particular need or want that can be satisfied throughexchange relationships.a.segmentb.target marketc.marketd.buying group(c; Easy)28._____ means managing markets to bring about profitable exchange relationshipsby creating value and satisfying needs and wants.a.Sellingb.Promotingc.Marketingd.Relationship marketing(c; Easy)29.Li Wei has an interesting job. He is involved in getting, keeping, andgrowing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superiorcustomer value. What is his job?a.general managerb.supervisorc.marketing managerd.sales manager(c; Challenging)30.Marketers are not concerned with serving all customers in every way. Rather, theywant to serve selected customers that they can serve_____.a.profitablyb.with superior customer servicec.welld.well and profitably(d; Moderate)31.Marketing managers are concerned with ways to deal with demand. They may needto find, increase, _____, or even _____ demand.a.avoid; slowb.change; reducec.maximize; changed.change; modify(b; Challenging)32.The five alternative concepts under which organizations conduct their marketingactivities include the production, _____, selling, marketing, and societal marketing concepts.a.promotionb.pricingc.distributiond.product(d; Moderate)33.We have learned by sad experience that the product concept can lead to marketing_____.a.failuresb.myopiac.problemsd.incongruences(b; Moderate)34.Jolene’s firm believes that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s productsunless the firm undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Jolene’s firm is practicing the _____.a.production conceptb.marketing conceptc.selling conceptd.relationship concept(c; Easy)35.Most firms practice the selling concept when they face _____.a. a crisisb. a recessionc.fierce competitiond.overcapacity(d; Moderate)36.To practice the marketing concept, an organization must deliver the _____ better thancompetitors.a.desired satisfactionsb.attractive pricesc.level of serviced.advertising campaign(a; Moderate)37.Jonathan Nonis works in sales for a telemarketing firm. His firm uses the sellingconcept which takes a (an) _____ approach.a.outside-inb.myopicc.inside-outd.marketing concept(c; Easy)38.Herb Kelleher of Southwest Airlines uses the marketing concept in his successfulorganization. His perspective of having a customer department uses a (an) _____ perspective.a.outside-inb.externalc.inside-outd.modern(a; Challenging)39.Customer-driven marketing usually works well when _____ and when customers_____.a. a clear need exits; are easy to identifyb.customers know what they want; can afford itc. a firm can deliver the goods desired; are thoroughly researchedd. a clear need exists; know what they want(d; Challenging)40.Mary Tanaka enjoys her work at Times Designs, Pte Ltd. Her organizationunderstands customer needs even better than customers themselves do and creates products and services that will meet existing and latent needs, now and in the future.Mary’s firm practices _____ marketing.a.customer-drivenb.customer-drivingc.relationshipd.none of the above(b; Challenging)41.Now many companies are beginning to think of _____ interests as well as their owncustomers’ needs.a.society’sb.stockholders’c.investors’d.lenders’(a; Easy)42.The societal marketing concept seeks to establish a balance between consumer short-run wants and consumer_____.a.short-run costs and profitsb.short-run ethicsc.long-run welfared.health(c; Moderate)43.You find yourself in a new job. Your marketing manager is heavily involved in theprocess of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Your manager is concerned with which one of the following?a.database managementb.Web site hitsc.relationship managementd.customer relationship management(d; Moderate)panies today face some new marketing realities that mean there are fewercustomers to go around. Changing demographics, _____, and overcapacity in many industries are great concerns.a.more sophisticated competitorsb.higher unemploymentc.slowing incomesd.9/11(a; Challenging)45._____ is an important concept when we realize that losing a customer means losingmore than a single sale. It means losing the entire stream of purchases that thecustomer would make over a lifetime of patronage.a.Heuristics profitc.Customer lifetime valued.Relationship marketing(c; Moderate)46.Experience has taught us that the key to building lasting customer relationships is tocreate superior customer value and _____.a.satisfactionb.great servicepetitive pricesd.long-term relationships(a; Easy)47.Customers buy from stores and firms that offer the highest _____.a.value for the dollarb.customer perceived valuec.level of customer satisfactiond.both b and c(b; Challenging)48.Since customers tend to act on perceived values, they often do not judge productvalues and costs _____.a.reliablyb.accuratelyc.objectivelyd.accurately or objectively(d; Moderate)49.Tommy Gray attempts to deliver customer satisfaction every day in his AudioExpressions installation business. He is a smart operator who knows that the key to this goal is to match _____ with _____.a.customer expectations; competitive pricespany performance; competitive pricesc.customer expectations; company performancepany performance; unique products(c; Moderate)50.All of the following are associated with highly satisfied customers except one.a.They are less price sensitive.b.They remain loyal for a longer period.c.They spend a higher percentage of their discretionary income on personal items.d.They talk favorably to others about the company and its products.(c; Moderate)51.Shania works hard with her Internet customers to create an emotional relationship forher customers with the products and services she and her staff sell. She and her staff have created _____.a.customer delightb.customer satisfactionc.customer valued.customer loyalty(a; Challenging)52.Beyond simply retaining good customers, marketers want to constantly increase their“share of customer.” Describe what this means in marketing terms.a.Marketers want to increase their market share.b.Marketers want to increase the share they get of the customer’s purchasing intheir product categories.c.Marketers want to increase the profit margin with this target market.d.none of the above(b; Challenging)53._____ is one of the best ways to increase share of customer.a.Selling uping bait and switchc.Cross sellingd.Relationship selling(c; Easy)54.Karrie Romanov wants to capture the full essence of customer relationshipmanagement. Which of the following will Karrie take into consideration?a.own the customers for lifeb.capture their lifetime valuec.build overall customer equityd.all of the above(d; Moderate)55.Is the following statement true? Clearly, the more loyal the firm’s customers, thehigher the firm’s customer equity.a.nob.yesc.maybed.cannot tell accurately(b; Easy)56.Surveys show that in markets with few customers and high margins, sellers want tocreate _____ with key customers.a.basic relationshipsb.relationship marketingc.extreme partnershipsd.full partnerships(d. Moderate)57.Some firms find themselves in markets with many low-margin customers. AsAssistant Marketing Director, what type of relationship would you develop with these customers?a.full partnershipsb.basic relationshipsc.relationship marketingd.key customer marketing(b; Challenging)58.Many organizations today realize that in addition to providing financial benefits tocustomers, they must also add _____ benefits.a.socialb.emotionalc.rationald.psychographic(a; Easy)59.By supplying customers with special equipment or computer linkages that help themmanage their orders, payroll, or inventory, a business marketer would be building customer relationships by adding _____.a.greater customer serviceb.partnership marketingc.structural tiesd.none of the above(c; Moderate)60.You have just read a report in a leading business magazine. It states that the majormarketing developments as we enter the new millennium can be summed up in what single theme?a.relationship marketingb.connectingc.partneringworking(b; Challenging)61.You will learn that marketing ultimately involves attracting, keeping, and _____profitable customers.a.trackingb.placing in a databasec.growingd.none of the above(c; Moderate)62.We can say that the major force behind the new “connectedness” is explosiveadvances in information, transportation, and _____.puter telecommunicationsb.improved market researchc.better-trained marketing departmentsd.Web sites(a; Easy)63.A tremendous advantage of modern communication and advertising tools is thatmarketers can zero in on selected customers with carefully _____.a.selected customer profilesb.customized productsc.flexible pricing rangesd.selected targeted messages(d; Moderate)64.You have just been told by your supervisor at work that a New Economy hasemerged. What is the technology behind this new force?a.the Internetb.Web sitesc.voice maild.cell phones(a; Easy)65.Pete Santina has just realized something that he needs to tell his marketing manager atwork. Pete knows that today few firms still practice true _____.a.production orientationb.sales orientationc.mass marketingd.market segmenting(c; Moderate)66.Many marketers use a concept today to determine which customers can be servedprofitably and which ones cannot. They target the winning ones for pampering.What is this concept called?a.selective relationship managementb.target marketingc.market segmentingd.selective targeting(a; Challenging)67.There is a trend today to do away with unprofitable customers. This ends upimproving the _____ of the firm.a.databaseb.profitabilityc.imaged.customer relationships(b; Moderate)68.In addition to connecting more deeply with customers, many companies are alsoconnecting more _____.a.directlyb.frequentlyc.inexpensivelyd.none of the above(a; Easy)69.Suzie Chan strengthens her company’s connections with partners all along the supplychain. What type of management is she using?a.outside partneringb.supplier connectingc.channelingd.supply chain(d; Easy)70.Most companies realize that they need partners to go beyond supply chainmanagement. What do we call this association?a.strategic alliancesb.strategic planningc.partneringd.mutual reciprocity(a; Moderate)71.Today, in countries around the world, managers are going beyond a local view of thecompany’s industry and competitors. _____ opportunities are becoming morecommon.a.Globalb.Ethnicc.Subculturald.Internal(a; Easy)72.Your authors have expressed that in the next century winning companies may well bethose that have built the best _____.a.channels of distributionb.sales forcec.global networksernmental relations(c; Moderate)73.Many firms today are taking a proactive orientation by becoming more socially and_____ responsible.a.environmentallyb.financiallyc.ethicallyd.all of the above(a; Challenging)74.Today, which of the following types of organizations use various marketing strategiesin addition to larger corporations?a.small businessesb.minority owned businessesc.not-for-profit organizationsd.all of the above(d; Easy)ernmental agencies are becoming more involved in marketing as the years pass.When a local government advertises keeping the area’s streams and water supply cleaner, it is involved in _____.a.green marketingb.social marketing campaignsc.demarketingd.environmental marketing(b; Challenging)76.Is it true that every type of organization can connect through marketing?a.yesb.noc.maybed.cannot be determined(a; Easy)77.A more modern view of marketing is that it has evolved from customer acquisition tocustomer _____.a.involvementb.carec.exploitationd.service(b; Easy)78.The old marketing view emphasized trying to make a profit on each sale rather thantrying to profit by managing what value?a.customer lifetime valueb.customer satisfaction indexc.cognitive dissonanced.all of the above(a; Challenging)79.Which word is missing from the following statement? Marketers need to _____,create, communicate, and deliver real value to customers.a.findb.understandc.explored.seek(b; Easy)80.Modern companies are improving their customer knowledge and customer _____.a.appreciationb.awarenessc.connectionsd.none of the above(c; Easy)True – False81.It is safe to say that today’s most important marketing concept is customerrelationship management.(True; Easy)82.The best-known dot com business name in the world is Ebay.(False; Moderate) is an outstanding marketing company. The key to its future is itsrelationships with its customers.(True; Easy)’s unique blend of benefits includes huge selection, good value,convenience, and customer satisfaction.(False; Moderate)85.Internet-based companies tend to spend tremendous outlays on customer acquisition. (True; Moderate)86.Like , today’s successful companies at all levels have one thing incommon – they are strongly supplier focused and heavily committed to cost savings. (False; Challenging)87.The simplest definition of modern marketing is managing profitable customerrelationships.(True; Easy)88.A thorough definition of marketing tells us that it is a business and managerialprocess by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.(False; Moderate)89.The difference between human needs and wants is that needs are states of feltdeprivation.(True; Easy)90.Harry Porter is addressing customer needs by putting forth a set of benefits hepromises to consumers to satisfy them. Harry is concerned with valueproposition.(True; Moderate)91.Smart marketers look beyond the attributes of the products and services they sell.They create brand meaning and brand experiences for consumers.(True; Moderate)92.Customer value in relation to a purchase depends on how well the product’sperformance lives up to the customer’s expectations.(False; Moderate)93. Marketing management is interested in serving all customers in every way toremain competitive in today’s markets.(False; Moderate)94. At times it becomes necessary to reduce demand for some products and services.When the government tries to reduce smoking of tobacco products, it adds more tax to the products and is practicing demarketing.(True; Easy)95. Aminah’s law office has developed a new format and wording for wills. The staffbelieves they offer the most in quality, performance, and innovative features. Her law office is practicing the production concept.(False; Moderate)96. The selling concept holds that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’sproducts unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort. (True; Easy)97. Your department holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowingthe needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfaction better than competitors do. Your department is practicing the selling concept. (False; Moderate)98. We say that the selling concept is an inside-out perspective.(True; Challenging)99. The major difference between customer-driving marketing and customer-drivenmarketing is that the former considers existing and latent needs, now and in thefuture.(True; Easy)100. The societal marketing concept questions whether the pure marketing concept overlooks possible conflicts between consumer short-run and long-run welfare. (True; Moderate)101. One Asian company, Kao, Japan’s largest toiletries group ‘wants to make a larger contribution to society to make life easier for people’. This firm practices societal marketing.(True; Moderate)102. Your supervisor is concerned with the entire stream of purchases each customer makes over the lifetime of his or her patronage. We call this customer lifetimevalue.(True; Easy)103. Customers buy from businesses that offer the highest customer perceived value. (True; Easy)104. A smart company tries to delight customers by promising more than it can deliver and delivering more than it promises.(False; Moderate)105. Loyal customers must be more than satisfied, they must be highly satisfied. (True; Easy)106. To increase their “share of customer”, a firm concentrates on retaining as many customers as possible over their lifetimes.(False; Challenging)107. To practice customer equity, a company must be concerned with the total combined customer lifetime values of all major purchasers of its products. (False; Challenging)108. In order to develop full partnerships with key customers, firms should add financial and social benefits to customer purchases.(True; Moderate)109. The major marketing development of our day is summed up in a single theme called “connecting.”(True; Moderate)Essay110. Define marketing in more than one way.In its simplest definition it is managing profitable customer relationships. It alsomeans satisfying customer needs. Marketing is applied as a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.(Easy; pp. 4 and 5)111. How do marketers differentiate between needs, wants, and demands?Marketers realize that humans have needs when they are in a state of feltdeprivation. These needs take on the form of wants as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. When backed by buying power, wants becomedemands. Companies research demands and supply the needs that drive them. (Easy; p. 5)112. Explain marketing management in today’s terms.Marketing management is the art and science of choosing target markets andbuilding profitable relationships with them. This involves getting, keeping, andgrowing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superiorcustomer value. Thus, marketing management involves managing demand, which in turn involves managing customer relationships.(Moderate; p 10)113. Distinguish between value proposition and marketing offer.Companies address needs by putting forth a value proposition, which means a set of benefits that they promise to consumers to satisfy their needs. It is fulfilledthrough a marketing offer which offers some combination of products, services,information, or experiences to satisfy needs and wants in the market. (Challenging; p. 6)114. Describe the five marketing management orientations.The production concept holds that consumers will favor products that areavailable and highly affordable. The product concept holds that consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, performance, and innovativefeatures. Those who follow the selling concept hold that consumers will not buy enough of the firm’s products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling andpromotion effort. Using the marketing concept means that achievingorganizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target marketsand delivering satisfactions better than competitors do. The societal marketingconcept holds that the firm should determine the needs, wants, and interests oftarget markets.(Challenging: pp. 10 - 12)115. Explain customer relationship management.Customer relationship is no longer defined as a customer database managementactivity. It is now the overall process of building and maintaining profitablecustomer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction.(Easy; p. 13)116. Discuss strategies for building lasting customer relationships.Determining the customers’ lifetime values is the place to start. Next, customerperceived value and satisfaction must be built and delivered. When a firm builds customer loyalty and retention, it grows its share of customers and its “share ofcustomer” through customer relationships and equity(Challenging; pp. 13 - 16)117. Analyze the major challenges facing marketers heading into the new “connected”millennium.Marketers must connect faster and better with customers. The latest technologies must be used to ensure delivery of time-based competition. Web sites and e-commerce must be fine-tuned to connect with more carefully selected customers.Many companies are connecting directly with customers to customize their mix of products and services. Partnership relationship and supply chain managementmust be built with strategic alliances to make those domestic and globalchallenges.(Challenging; pp. 17 - 22)118. Explain why is such a successful company. uses the latest in Web technology to build strong, one-to-onecustomer relationships based on creating genuine customer value. It turns a long-term profit as a result. This company has amassed 35 million customers by being relentlessly customer driven. A special experience is delivered to every customer to build customer loyalty.(Moderate; pp. 3 and 4)21。

朗文5A-Chapter-2复习题要

朗文5A Chapter Two复习提要Part A and BNew words and phrases （要求：知道中文意思，会读，会拼写。

）competition 名词，竞争，比赛，竞赛 (注意发音)。

mark 名词，(考试的)分数，可数。

course 名词，1.科目，课程; 2.一道菜 the main course 主菜(4B)。

weight 名词，重量。

hard 它是个多义词，在本课中是个副词，意为“努力地”；比较级harder，更加努力地。

turn over a new leaf 它是英文中的习惯表达，类似汉语中的成语，意为“重新开始，改过自新，翻开新的一页”。

wishing tree 许愿树make plans for...为...制定计划the new school year 新学年want to do sth. 想要做某事win the swimming competition赢得游泳比赛get high marks 取得高分 put on weight发胖，增重practise swimming harder更加努力地练习游泳take a Japanese course 攻读一个日语课程join the Cubs加入幼童军Sentences （要求：会读，知道其中文意思，会拼，会写，会运用。

）本部分学习so作为连词的用法，在句中意为“所以，因此”What do you want to do? 你想要做什么？I want to win the swimming competition so I’m going to practise swimming harder. 我想要赢得游泳比赛，因此我计划更加努力地练习游泳。

句中用一般现在时描述目标，运用短语want to do sth. so后面连接计划、打算，用be going to一般现在将来时表达。

2. What do you want to do? I want to improve my English so I’m going to read more English books. 我想要提高英语，所以我计划读更多英文书。

Chapter12复习

Chapter 12Pricing StrategiesMultiple Choice1.According to an analyst, in manufacturing, you can focus on cutting ______, butwhen you are trying to sell something, it’s much harder to cut _____ without hurting your brand.a.cost, expensesb.expenses, costsc.price, costsd.price, expenses(a; Easy)2. A company sets not a single price, but rather a _____ that covers different items in its line that change over time as products move through their life cycles.a.pricing rangeb.pricing structurec.pricing loopd.pricing cycle(b; Moderate)3. Companies bringing out new products face the challenge of setting prices for thefirst time. In addition to market-skimming pricing, what is the other alternative?a.market-level pricingb.market-competitive pricingc.market-penetration pricingd.market-price lining(c; Easy)4. Valeo Fashions has just introduced a new line of fashion dresses for teens. Theywill enter the market initially at high prices in a _____ pricing strategy.a.market-penetrationb.market-skimmingpetitive marketd.psychological(b; Moderate)5.Which of the following does not support a market-skimming policy for a newproduct?a.The product’s quality and image must support its higher price.b. Enough buyers must want the products at that price.c. Competitors should not be able to undercut the high price.d. Competitors should be allowed to enter the market easily.(d; Challenging)6.The purpose of _____ pricing is to set a low initial price in order to attract a largenumber of buyers quickly and win a large market share.a.market-skimmingb.market-penetrationc.below-marketd.leader(b; Easy)7.All of the following conditions support market-penetration pricing except one.a.The market must be highly price sensitive.b.Production and distribution costs must fall as sales volume increase.c.The product’s quality and image must support the price.d.The low price must help keep out the competition.(c; Challenging)8.Pricing is difficult because the various products have related _____ and costs,and face different degrees of _____.a.demand; product modificationsb.demand; competitionpetition; obsolescenced.substitutes; customer loyalty(b; Moderate)panies usually develop _____ rather than single products.a.product familiesb.product groupingsc.product linesd.product brands(c; Easy)10. A marketer must be familiar with the five major product mix pricing situations.Which of the following is not one of them?a.product line pricingb.optional-product pricingc.captive-product pricingd.unbundled product pricing(d; Moderate)11. A challenge for management in product line pricing is to decide on the price stepsbetween the ______.a.various products in a lineb.product mixesc.product groupingsd.product lines(a; Moderate)12.When Circuit Town Electronics sets their televisions at three price levels of$699, $899, and $1099, it is using _____.a.price pointsb.tier-level pricingc.market-penetration pricingd.none of the above(a; Easy)13.When using price points, the seller must establish perceived ______ that support theprice differences.a.nonprice competitionb.quality differencesc.service levels associated with eachd.all of the above(b; Challenging)14. A general practice when using captive-product pricing is to set the price of the mainproduct _____ and set _____ on the associate’s supplies.a.low; low markupsb.high; low markupsc.low; high markupsd.high; high markups(c; Moderate)15.When Kodak sets the general price range of its cameras low and its related film highit is practicing _____.a.market-penetration pricingb.market-skimming pricingc.product line pricingd.captive-product pricing(d; Challenging)16. Hotline Long Distance Service uses captive-product pricing for its phone callcharges. Since this is a service, the price is broken into a fixed rate plus a _____.a.fixed rate usageb.variable usage ratec.flexible usage rated.volume usage rate(b; Challenging)17. When amusement parks and movie theaters charge admission plus fees for food andother attractions, they are following a(n) _____ pricing strategy.a.by-productb.optional-productc.captive-productd.skimming(c; Challenging)18. When management at Yamaha Motorcycles makes decisions on which type ofsaddlebags, handle bars, and seats for its bikes, they become engaged in ______.a.product line pricingb.optional-product pricingc.captive-product pricingd.by-product pricing(b; Challenging)panies that have a problem of deciding which items to include in the base priceand which to offer as options are engaged in ______ pricing.a.product bundleb.optional-productc.captive-productd.by-product(b; Moderate)20.What will by-product pricing allow a seller to do? Keep in mind that the seller mustsell the by-products at a price that covers more than the cost of storing anddelivering them.a.increase the main product’s priceb.make extra profitc.reduce the main product’s priced.none of the above(c; Challenging)21. Sometimes, companies don’t realize how _____ their by-products are.a.costlyb.time consumingc.valuabled.unnecessary(c; Easy)22. Upon what is product bundle pricing based? Sellers can combine several productsand offer the bundle _____.a.as a working unitb.at a reduced pricec.as a complete self-service packaged.any of the above(b; Moderate)23. Latest Flicks offers weekly movie tickets for $15 and season tickets for $150. Thistheater is offering _____ pricing.a.by-productb.captive-productc.product bundlingd.discounted(c; Challenging)24. What is a major advantage of product bundle pricing?a.It can promote the sales of products consumers might not otherwise buy.b.It offers consumers more value for the money.c.It combines the benefits of the other pricing strategies.d.It provides a more complete product experience for consumers.(a; Moderate)25. Service Industries, Inc. plans to offer a price-adjustment strategy in the near future.Which of the following would management not consider?a.discount and allowance pricingb.segmented pricingc.physiological pricingd.promotional pricing(c; Challenging)26. A manufacturer gives 3/07, net 30 terms to a wholesaler for a recent purchase. Thewholesaler may deduct _____ percent if the bill is paid within _____ days.a. 7; 30b. 7; 3c. 3; 30d. 3; 10(d; Moderate)27. Discounts and allowances are price adjustments to the basic price to rewardcustomers for all of the following except _____.a. early payment of billsb. off-season buyingc. accepting early deliveryd. volume purchases(c; Easy)28. Quantity discounts are a legal form of price discrimination. A quantity discountis a price reduction to buyers who purchase _____.a.frequentlyrge volumesc.close outsd.inferior merchandise(b; Easy)29. Walsh Supply Company wants to improve its cash situation, reduce bad debts, andreduce credit-collection costs. Management might consider this form of pricing.a. by-productb. inflation-adjustedc. discount and allowanced. captive-product(c; Challenging)30. Quantity discounts must be offered equally to all customers and must not exceed theseller’s _____ associated with selling large quantities.a. cost savingsb. standard markupc. promotional costsd. losses(a; Moderate)31. Why do companies offer functional discounts to channel members? It is becausethey _____.a. perform certain marketing functionsb. perform certain jobs that save them moneyc. function better as resellersd. none of the above(a; Moderate)32. When a firm or store offers a price reduction to customers who buy during off-peakperiods during the year, we say the firm is giving a(n) _____ discount.a.functionalb.seasonalc.annuald.allowance(b; Easy)33. When General Motors provides payments or price reductions to its new car dealersas rewards for participating in advertising and sales support programs, it is granting a(n) _____.a. trade discountb. functional discountc. allowanced. promotional allowance(d; Easy)34. Discounts provide an incentive to the customer to buy_____.a. more products or servicesb. less from another competitorc. more from one given seller, rather than from many different sourcesd. more than he or she needs(c; Moderate)35. Vac ‘N’ Sew will give anyone $100 for the family’s old vacuum cleaner, regardlessof condition, when purchasing a new vacuum or sewing machine. The end result is essentially reducing the price by $100. What is this type of discount called?a. functional discountb. captive-productc. seasonal discountd. trade-in allowance(d; Easy)36. By definition, this type of pricing is used when a firm sells a product or service attwo or more prices, even though the difference in prices is not based on differences in cost.a. segmented pricingb. variable pricingc. flexible pricingd. cost-plus pricing(a; Moderate)37. The New Age Art Gallery has three admission prices for students, adults, andseniors. All three groups are entitled to the same services. This form of pricing is called _____.a. time pricingb. location pricingc. customer-segmented pricingd. revenue management pricing(c; Challenging)38. Superior Tool Company prices its most expensive electric drill at $99.95, which is$21.00 more than its next most expensive drill. It only costs a few dollars more to make the most expensive drill. Superior is using _____ pricing.a. segmentedb. product-formc. skimmingd. penetration(b; Challenging)39. Busch Stadium in St. Louis charges different prices for seats in different areas of theballpark, even though their costs are the same. What is this form of pricing called?a. locationb. skimmingc. segmentedd. flexible(a; Moderate)40. When a firm varies its price by the season, month, day, or even hour, it is using_____ pricing.a. revenue managementb. penetrationc. variabled. time(d; Easy)41. Airlines, hotels, and restaurants call segmented pricing _____.a.time pricingb.yield managementc.location pricingd.segmented(b; Easy)42. Which of the following conditions should exist for segmented pricing to be aneffective strategy?a. The market must be segmentable.b. The segments must show different degrees of demand.petitors can’t undersell in the segment being charged the higher price.d.All of the above(d; Challenging)43. Which of the following conditions should exist for segmented pricing to be aneffective strategy?a. It must be legal.b. The costs of segmenting should exceed the extra revenue obtained.c. Prices should reflect real differences in customers’ perceived value.d. All of the above(d; Challenging)44. Consumers usually perceive higher-priced products as _____.a. out of reach for most peopleb. having higher qualityc. having high profit marginsd. exclusive brands(b; Easy)45. Price is used less when judging the quality of a product when consumers _____.a. lack informationb. lack skills to use itc. have experience with itd. none of the above(c; Moderate)46. John and Susan own fur coats and are currently shopping for two new ones. Theyboth have prices in mind and refer to them when shopping. They are termed _____.a. psychological pricesb. reference pricesc. comparison pricesd. price points(b; Moderate)47. When consumers cannot judge quality because they lack the information or skill,price becomes _____.a. less importantb. insignificantc. an important quality signald. any of the above(c; Easy)48. Which of the following is not a typical way a reference price might be formed in abuyer’s mind?a. noting current pricesb. remembering past pricesc. assessing the buying situationd. comparing to a new product(d; Easy)49. When using promotional pricing, companies will temporarily price their productsbelow list price and sometimes _____ to create buying excitement and urgency.a. below costb. above list pricec. below competitors’ pricesd. well below cost(a; Moderate)50.When a store reduces the price of several items in the hope that customers will buyother items at normal markups, the store is using this type of pricing.a.promotionalb.list pricec.loss leadersd.psychological(c; Easy)51. Although it actually does not reduce the price of an item, some manufacturers offerone of these to “reduce the consumer’s price.”a. longer warrantiesb. free maintenancec. low-interest financingd. all of the above(d; Moderate)52. Promotional pricing can have adverse effects. Which of these is not one of them?a. create deal-prone customersb. erode the brand’s value in the eyes of customersc. give pricing secrets away to competitorsd. become addicting to both the customer and business(c; Challenging)53. The frequent use of promotional pricing can lead to industry _____.a. lossesb. price warsc. erosiond. competition(b; Moderate)54. When customers buy products from manufacturers’ dealers within a specified time,the manufacturer sends the customer a check called a _____.a. cash rebateb. discountc. dealer reductiond. promotional pricing reward(a; Easy)55.Kmart’s mishandling of promotional pricing started a price war that _____.a.boosted the industryb.it could never winc.drove out competitiond.decreased its stock price(b; Moderate)56. Wake Forest Landscaping ships its products to 28 different states. The owners arereconsidering how to price many products for customers located in different parts of the country. The owner must now deal with _____ pricing.a. zoneb. geographicalc. uniform-deliveredd. FOB-origin(b; Moderate)57. When a company charges the same price plus freight to all customers, regardless oflocation, it is using what form of pricing?a. FOB-originb. geographicalc. uniform-deliveredd. zone(c; Easy)58. Meldanado Equipment Company charges all customers within a given geographicalarea a single total price—the more distant the area, the higher the price. What is it called?a. geographicalb. zonec. uniform-deliveredd. FOB-origin(b; Moderate)59. Using this form of pricing, the seller selects a given city as a basing point andcharges all customers the freight cost from that city to the customer location,regardless of the city from which the goods are actually shipped.a. zone pricingb. geographicc. uniform-deliveredd. basing-point(d; Easy)60. Using this pricing strategy, the seller “eats” part or all of the actual freight chargesin order to get the desired business.a. FOB-originb. freight-absorptionc. basing-pointd. loss leader(b; Easy)61. Freight-absorption pricing is used for _____ and _____.a. market penetration; higher profitsb. holding on to increasingly competitive markets; higher profitsc. market penetration; holding on to increasingly competitive marketsd. generating temporary higher profits; discouraging competitors(c; Moderate)62. The price that a company should charge in a specific country depends on manyfactors, including all of the following except one. Please locate it.a. economic conditionsb. competitive situationsc. laws and regulationsd. development of the manufacturing infrastructure(d; Easy)63. The price that a company should charge in a specific country depends on manyfactors, including all of the following except one. Which is it?a. development of the wholesaling and retailing systemb. consumer perceptionsc. educational influenced. consumer preferences(c; Moderate)64. Johnson Boats wants to introduce a new model of boat into mature markets inhighly developed countries with the goal of quickly gaining mass-market share. Asa consultant, you would recommend a _____ pricing strategy.a. skimmingb. penetrationc. zoned. loss-leader(b; Moderate)65. When pricing internationally, most companies adjust their prices to reflect _____.a. local market conditionsb. cost considerationsc. local laws and regulationsd. both a and b(d; Easy)66.Price escalation in international markets may result from differences in marketconditions or _____.a.cultural preferencesb.selling strategiesc.regional tastesd.currency instability(b; Moderate)67. Price escalation in foreign markets can result from all of the following conditionsexcept one. Your job is to locate the one.a. the additional costs of product modificationsb. the additional costs of shipping and insurancec. the additional costs of import tariffs and taxesd. the additional costs of improving a country’s infrastructure(d; Challenging)68. Price escalation in international markets may result from three of these fourmarketing conditions. Which one will have little effect?a. the additional costs of physical distributionb. exchange-rate fluctuationsc. market stabilityd. higher costs of selling(c; Easy)69. Over the years Imperial Imports has found it desirable to initiate price cuts and priceincreases because of competition. In both cases, management considered possible competitor and _____ reactions.a. supplierb. customerc. governmentd. employee(b; Moderate)70. Several situations may lead a firm to consider cutting its price. Rule out theincorrect reason.a. excess capacityb. falling market share in the face of strong price competitionc. a drive to dominate the market through lower costsd. monopolistic competition(d; Challenging)71. Through your studies of market conditions, you learn that two major factors thatinfluence price increases are over-demand and _____.a. cost inflationb. surplus of raw materialsc. government interventiond. foreign competition(a; Moderate)72.When a company cannot supply all of its customers’ needs, it can follow two of thefollowing strategies.a.raise prices or buy from competitionb.raise prices or ration products to customersc.ration products to customers or buy from competitiond.ask for U.S. Small Business Administration’s help or raise prices(b; Easy)73. Prices can be raised almost invisibly by dropping discounts and _____.a. increasing advertising and promotionb. adding higher-priced units to the linec. eliminating couponsd. none of the above(b; Moderate)74. Natural Cereals, a regional company that makes cereals from many different grains,has lowered prices in the past because of competition. Competition has lessened during the past quarter and management has decided to increase prices. Asuccessful price increase can _____.a. turn customers awayb. greatly increase profitsc. reduce competitiond. draw ICC attention(b; Challenging)75. Wherever possible, a company should consider ways to meet higher costs ordemand without raising prices. Three of the following will work. Which one would be a poor choice?a. shrink the product size or weightb. produce the product more cost effectivelyc. bundle or group related productsd. substitute less expensive ingredients(c; Challenging)76. Competitors are most likely to react to a price change when _____.a. the number of firms involved is smallb. the purchase is uniformc. the buyers are well informedd. all of the above(d; Moderate)77. A price increase, which would normally lower sales, may have some _____forbuyers.a. positive meaningb. negative messagec. both a and bd. none of the above(a; Easy)78. When a competitor changes prices, which of the following questions would yourfirm not ask?a. Was it to take more market share?b. Was it to use excess capacity?b.Was it a personal move due to management’s personality?c.Is the price temporary?(c; Moderate)79. When a competitor changes prices, which of the following questions would your firmnot ask?a. Is the price change permanent?b. Are other companies going to respond?c. What will competitors’ reactions be?d. Will company layoffs occur?(d; Easy)80. When anticipating a price increase, your company must consider a broader view.Which consideration below is not a common one?a. its own product’s stage in the life cycleb. the product’s importance in the company’s product mixc. the intentions and resources of the suppliersd. the intentions and resources of the competitor(c; Challenging)81. To prevent profit loss in the short run due to a forced price cut, a company mightemploy one of these strategies. Which one?a. increase the product qualityb. reduce standard servicesc. increase marketing communicationsd. reduce the workforce(b; Easy)82. Which one of the following is a typical reaction to a competitor’s price reduction?a. reduce the price to match competitionb. raise the perceived quality of the productc. improve the quality and raise the price of the productd. All of the above can work.(d; Easy)83. When a firm improves the quality and increases the price of a product in a reactionto a competitor making a price reduction, the firm in essence is _____.a. moving its brand into a more competitive positionb. adversely positioning its productc. moving its brand into a higher-priced positiond. wasting its time(c; Challenging)84. When would a company consider launching a low-price fighting brand in responseto a competitor reducing prices?a. The market segment being lost is price sensitive.b. The market segment being lost is not price sensitive.c. The market segment being lost responds to arguments of higher quality.d. The market segment being lost no longer demands the product.(b; Challenging)85. In setting prices, companies are not usually free to charge whatever prices they wish. Choose the typical influence on pricing that management must consider.a. broad societal pricing concernsb. federal lawsc. state or local lawsd. all of the above(d; Easy)86. Price-fixing, predatory pricing, retail price maintenance, discriminatory pricing, anddeceptive pricing are examples of _____.a. common pricing policiesb. major public policy issues in pricingc. common pricing strategiesd. pricing policies that should never be used(b; Moderate)87. When sellers set prices without talking to competitors, thus preventing collusion, they are refraining from engaging in _____.a. predatory pricingb. discriminatory pricingc. price fixingd. all of the above(c; Easy)88.An established store in town starts selling numerous items below cost with theintention of punishing small competitors and gaining higher long-run profits byputting them out of business. This store is guilty of _____.a.price collusionb.price fixingc.predatory pricingd.discriminatory pricing(c; Challenging)89.The Robinson-Patman Act seeks to prevent unfair _____ by ensuring that sellersoffer the same price terms to customers at a given price level.a.monopoliesb.price discriminationpetitiond.price collusion(b; Moderate)90. A manufacturer cannot require dealers to charge a specified retail price for itsproduct. If it does, then it is guilty of _____.a.price fixingb.retail price maintenancec.price discriminationd.price collusion(b; Moderate)91._____ results when Import Novelties employs pricing methods that make it difficultfor consumers to understand just what price they are really paying.a.Scanner fraudb.Deceptive pricingc.Price confusiond.Misleading pricing(c; Easy)92.The most common complaint about abuse of scanner-based computer checkouts is_____.a.failure to provide the correct priceb.overcharging customersc.wasting time in line arguing about pricesd.none of the above(b; Easy)True – False93.Pricing strategies tend to remain stable as the average product passes through its lifecycle.(False; Easy)panies tend to set a pricing structure, rather than a single price, that coversdifferent items in its line.(True; Moderate)panies that set a low initial price in order to get their “foot in the door” quicklyand deeply, to attract a large number of buyers quickly, and win a large marketshare practice market-skimming pricing.(False; Easy)96. Pricing is often difficult because the various products have related demand andcosts, and face different degrees of competition.(True; Moderate)97. When Water Light Fishing Boats commercializes its new product ideas, the company will probably introduce single products one at a time. Later, management will advertise these products as a product line.(False; Challenging)98. Melt-In-Your-Mouth Candy Stores prices its candy displays at ten different price levels, ranging from $.99 per pound to $4.95 per pound. This is an illustration of price points.(True; Moderate)99.When a major moving van company sells accessory products that must be used inmoving a household’s furniture, it is practicing captive-product pricing.(True; Easy)100.Some industries commonly use two-part pricing, where the price is broken down into a fixed fee and a fixed usage rate.(False; Moderate)101.When a manufacturer seeks a market for by-products and accepts a price that covers more than the cost of storing and delivering them, it is able to reduce the mainproduct’s price to make it more competitive.(True; Moderate)102.All companies today now realize how valuable their by-products are for resale. (False; Easy)103.When using product bundle pricing sellers combine several of their products and offer the bundle at an increased price for increased profit.(False; Moderate)104.The six major price-adjustment strategies include discount and allowance pricing, segmented pricing, psychographic pricing, promotional pricing, geographicalpricing, and international pricing.(False; Moderate)105.The difference between a discount and an allowance is that a discount is in its simplest terms a reduction in price.(True; Easy)106.A recent trade publication article called price reductions on off-peak merchandise seasonal discounts.(True; Easy)107.Manufacturers may offer different functional discounts to different trade channels because of the varying services they perform, and they can offer different functional discounts within each trade channel.(False; Challenging)108.The basic difference between customer-segment pricing and product-form pricing is that the latter offers different versions of the product that are priced differently, but not according to differences in their costs.(True; Moderate)109.Segmented pricing is known by other names. Two of the most common are revenue distribution and yield control.(False; Easy)110.For segmented pricing to be effective, certain conditions must exist. The market must be segmentable and the segments must show different degrees of demand.Segmented prices should reflect real differences in customers’ perceived value. (True; Challenging)111.Psychological pricing is based on the concept that sellers consider the psychology of prices, as well as the economics, wherein consumers usually perceive higher-priced products as having higher quality.(True; Moderate)112.To deal effectively with consumer reference prices, a retailer could display its products next to more expensive ones in order to imply that it belongs in the same class.(True; Easy)113.Rebate pricing has only a temporary effect and should be discontinued when sales begin to decrease.(False; Moderate)114.The frequent use of promotional pricing can lead to industry price wars that usually play into the hands of every competitor in that particular industry.(False; Challenging)115.The FOB-origin pricing strategy means that the goods sold are placed free on boarda carrier. At that point the title and responsibility pass to the customer, who paysthe freight from the factory to the destination.(True; Challenging)116.Zone pricing falls between FOB-origin pricing and basing-point pricing. (False; Easy)。

Chapter8复习

Chapter 8Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning: Building the Right Relationships with the Right CustomersMultiple Choice1.Unilever has identified at least three important soap segments in South Asia.Different ______ are designed to meet the special needs of each segment.sb.brandsc.benefitsd.soaps(b; Moderate)2.By _____ the market and having several soap brands, Unilever hasan attractive offering for consumers in all key preference groups.a.dividingb.researchingc.segmentingd.understanding(c; Easy)3.When a company identifies the parts of the market it can serve best and mostprofitably, it is practicing _____.a.concentrated marketingb.mass marketingc.targeted marketingd.segmenting(d; Moderate)4.Jolene Enterprises mass produces an all-purpose floor cleaner, mass distributes it,and mass promotes it. This firm uses _____ marketing.a.segmentedb.massc.traditionald.none of the above(b: Easy)5.Research has shown that practicing mass marketing today is limited because theworld’s mass markets have slowly splintered into a profusion of _____.a.unidentifiable marketsb.confused marketsc.small segmentsd.international markets(c; Easy)6.Al Moline and his staff have decided to use target marketing to reach their salesgoals. Identify their three steps (in order) to target marketing.a.market segmentation, market positioning, target marketingb.market positioning, market positioning, market segmentationc.market segmentation, target marketing, market positioningd.market alignment, market segmentation, market positioning(c; Challenging)7.Even though several options are available at any one time, there is _____ to segmenta market.a.one single best wayb.no single wayc.the most effective wayd.the least-cost way(b; Moderate)8.Your firm has decided to localize its products and services to meet local marketdemands. A good approach to use would be _____ segmentation.a.geographicb.benefitc.end used.customer(a; Easy)9.Pamper Pet Supplies divides the pet market according to the owners’ race,occupation, income, and family life-cycle. What type of segmentation doesPendergraff use?a.VALSb.Benefitc.end used.demographics(d; Moderate)10.Through talking to numerous competitors at a regional trade show, you learn thatmost of them use the most popular base for segmenting markets. What is it?a.demographicb.genderc.psychographicd.behavioral(a; Easy)11.When Burger King targets different groups—from children and teens to adults andseniors—with different ads and media, it is practicing _____ segmentation.a.demographicb.age and life-cyclec.psychographicd.behavioral(b; Moderate)12.Marketers must be careful to guard against _____ when using age and life-cyclesegmentation.a.underestimatingb.stereotypingc.traditional marketingd.cultural bias(b; Moderate)13.When Positive Image, Inc. caters to clothing, cosmetics, and toiletries markets, it isprobably using this type of segmentation.a.age and life-cycleb.genderc.behaviorald.psychographic(b; Easy)14.As a business consultant, what type of segmentation would you suggest to marketersof automobiles, boats, financial services, and travel?a.age and life-cycleb.genderc.incomed.behavioral(c; Challenging)15.Income segmentation is used to target the _____.a.affluentb.middle classc.lower income classd.all of the above(d; Moderate)16.As a business consultant, what type of segmentation would you suggest tomarketers who cater to people of certain social classes, lifestyles, and personality characteristics?a.behavioralb.genderc.psychographicd.age and life-cycle(c; Moderate)17.Kathleen Ong divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes,uses, or responses to a product. Kathleen is obviously using _____ segmentation.a.behavioralb.psychographicc.age and life-cycled.demographic(a; Easy)18.This type of segmentation centers on the use of the word “when,” such as whenconsumers get the idea to buy; when they actually make their purchase; or when they use the purchased item. What do marketers call this?a.behavioralb.psychographicc.occasiond.impulse(c; Moderate)19.Your current assignment at York Foods is to find the major benefits people lookfor in product classes; the kinds of people who look for each benefit; and the major brands that deliver each benefit. What is this segmentation method called?a.benefitb.behavioralc.age and life-cycled.psychographic(a; Easy)20.Shampoo marketers rate buyers as light, medium, or heavy products users. This is_____.er statusage ratec.benefitd.behavioral(b; Easy)21.Markets can be segmented into groups of nonusers, ex-users, potential users, first-time users, and regular users of a product. This method of segmentation is called _____.er statusage ratec.benefitd.behavioral(a; Easy)22.Consumers can show their allegiance to brands, stores, or companies. Marketerscan use this information to segment consumers by _____.er statusb.loyaltyc.store typed.brand preference(b; Moderate)23.By studying its less loyal buyers, a company can detect which brands are most_____ with its own.petitiveedc.often overlookedd.similar(a; Easy)24.Many firms are making an effort to identify smaller, better-defined target groups byusing _____.er ratesb.loyalty segmentationc.multiple segmentation basesd.positioning(c; Moderate)25.Consumer and business marketers use many of the same variables to segmentmarkets. In addition, business marketers use all of the following except one.a.operating characteristicsb.purchasing deadlinesc.situational factorsd.personal characteristics(b; Challenging)26.By going after segments instead of the whole market, companies have a muchbetter chance to receive maximum rewards for close attention to consumer needs and to _____.a.deliver value to consumersb.increase market sharec.develop greater customer loyaltyd.offer lower prices(a; Moderate)27.Within its own industry, Hershey Chocolate Company can further segment bycustomer size or _____.age ratesb.loyaltyc.geographic locationd.benefits sought(c; Challenging)28.The owner of Riviera Apartments, a complex of 60 buildings with 3100 apartmentsin Arizona, believes that the best bases for segmenting business markets are benefits and _____.a.demographicsb.psychographicsc.VALSd.buying behavior(d; Challenging)29.When Pacific Fisheries groups its customers as countries by regions such as Asia,Australia, or New Zealand, it is using which segmenting base?a.economic factorsb.political and legal factorsc.geographic locationd.benefits sought(c; Easy)30.International Drilling Company segments its foreign markets by their overall levelof economic development. This firm segments on what basis?a.political factorsb.legal factorsc.benefits soughtd.economic factors(d; Moderate; p. 202)31.Doreal Machinery International forms segments of consumers who have similarneeds and buying behavior even though they are located in different countries.What is this form of segmentation called?a.political and legalb.cross culturalc.effectived.intermarket(d; Easy)32.When the size, purchasing power, and profiles of business market segments can bedetermined, they are said to possess the requirement of being _____.a.measurableb.accessiblec.substantiald.actionable(a; Moderate)33.When a business market segment is large or profitable enough to serve, it is termed_____.a.measurableb.accessiblec.substantiald.actionable(c; Easy)34.You have discovered that effective programs can be designed for attracting andserving your chosen segments. This segmenting requirement is called _____.a.accessibleb.measurablec.reachabled.actionable(d; Challenging)35.The markets you have chosen to serve in four Western states can be effectivelyreached and served. You would tell the marketing manger that these segments are _____.a.measurableb.accessiblec.substantiald.actionable(b; Easy)36.It is now time to evaluate the different market segments your company is serving.You would look at all of these factors except one.a.segment sizeb.segment growthc.structural attractivenesspany values and mission(d; Challenging)37.Barney Ho has compiled a list of things that make segments attractive. One ofthem is an error. Please locate it.a.relative power of buyersck of powerful suppliers to control the channelc.few substitute productspetition with superior resources(d; Challenging)38.In general, a company should enter only segments in which it can _____ and _____.a.offer lower prices; ship fasterb.offer superior value; gain advantages over competitorsc.offer superior value; ship fasterd.gain advantages over competitors; get coop advertising(b; Moderate)39.The 50-year old baby boomers share common needs in music and performers.When a company can serve this group, it is reaching a _____.a.market segmentb.target marketc.well-defined marketd.lucrative market(b; Easy)40.Mass marketers, such as Target and Venture Stores ignore market segmentdifferences and target the whole market with one offer. What is their approach to segmenting?a.undifferentiated marketingb.differentiated marketingc.target marketingd.blanket marketing(a; Easy)41.When NewPort Shipping uses segmented marketing, it targets several segments anddesigns separate offers for each one. This approach is called _____ marketing.a.undifferentiatedb.differentiatedc.multi-segmentedd.mass(b; Moderate)42.Developing a stronger position within several segments creates more total sales than_____ marketing across all segments.a.undifferentiatedb.differentiatedc.massd.target(a; Challenging)43.ByWay Ventures uses a differentiated marketing strategy. The company mustweigh _____ against _____ when selecting this strategy.a.extra research; costsb.sales analysis; salesc.increased sales; increased costsd.benefits; costs(c; Moderate)44.Sanguine Services practices a marketing strategy where its limited resources areused to go after a large share of two small niches. Sanguine practices which one of these strategies?a.undifferentiatedb.differentiatedc.massd.concentrated(d; Challenging)45.Niching offers smaller companies an opportunity to compete by focusing theirlimited resources on serving niches that may be _____ or _____ larger companies.a.unimportant to; unwanted byb.unimportant to; overlooked byc.too small; undesirable tod.none of the above(b; Moderate)46.Today, the low cost of setting up shop _____ makes it even more profitable to serveseemingly miniscule niches.a.in malls in major citiesb.in mail-order catalogsc.on the Internetd.near major competitors(c; Easy)47.Which of the segmenting strategies carries higher-than-normal risks in consumermarkets?a.concentratedb.nichec.differentiatedd.undifferentiated(a; Moderate)48.As You Like It, Inc. customizes its offers to each individual customer. Thispractice of tailoring products and marketing programs to suit the tastes of specific individuals and locations is referred to as _____ marketing.a.nicheb.microc.differentiatedd.mass(b; Moderate)49. A segmenting approach that has been around for a long time that can be veryeffective —_____ — tailors brands and promotions to the needs and wants ofspecific cities, neighborhoods, and even specific stores.a.micromarketingb.differentiated marketingc.niche marketingd.local marketing(d; Easy)50.Jay Bee Promotions tailors its advertising and promotional services to the needs andpreferences of individual customers. Which of the following does not apply to this type of marketing?a.one-to-oneb.customizedc.markets-of-oned.concentrated(d; Moderate)51.When a company interacts one-to-one with large numbers of customers to createcustomer-unique value by designing products and services tailor-made to individual needs, it is following _____.a.individual marketingb.mass marketingc.mass customizingd.differentiated marketing(c; Challenging)52.One of the following is not a drawback of local marketing. Can you locate it?a.It can drive up manufacturing costs.b.It can drive up marketing costs by reducing economies of scale.c.It can create logistics problems.d. A brand’s overall image might be diluted with too frequent use.(d; Challenging)53.Under what circumstances can local marketing be quite effective?a.when pronounced regional differences in demographics and lifestyles arepresentb.when pronounced local differences in demographics and lifestyles are presentc.when pronounced regional and local differences in demographics and lifestylesare presentd.when regional and local differences in demographics and lifestyles are similar (c; Challenging)54.The latest marketing report published by Current Data intrigues you. It states, “Themove toward individual marketing mirrors the trend in consumer _____.”a.self-imagingb.self-marketingc.customizingd.tastes(b; Easy)55.Which of the following is not a reason for marketers to reconsider influencing thebuying process in new ways?a.More consumers are looking up consumer reports.b.More consumers are joining Internet product discussion forums.c.More consumers are turning to Home TV Network shopping.d.More consumers are placing orders via phone or online.(c; Moderate)56.When companies combine operationally driven mass customization withcustomized marketing to empower consumers to design products and services to their own preferences, they are practicing _____.a.niche marketingb.customerizationc.customizingd.individual marketing(c; Challenging)57.When choosing a target marketing strategy, many factors need to be considered.Which of the following was not mentioned as important in your text?pany resourcesb.degree of product variabilityc.product life-cycled.market stability(d; Moderate)58.When competitors use differentiated or concentrated marketing, _____ marketingcan be suicidal.a.differentiatedb.undifferentiatedc.concentratedd.customized(b; Easy)59.When competitors use undifferentiated marketing, a firm can gain an advantage byusing differentiated or _____ marketing.a.undifferentiatedb.customizedc.concentratedd.individual(c; Moderate)60.Target marketing sometimes generates controversy and concern. Issues usuallyinvolve the targeting of _____ consumers with _____ products.a.elderly; expensiveb.young; appealingc.vulnerable; potentially harmfuld.vulnerable or disadvantages; controversial or potentially harmful(d; Challenging)61.It is considered socially irresponsible when the marketing of adult products spillsover into the _____ segment.a.elderlyb.childc.animald.minority(b; Easy)62.Cigarette, beer, and fast-food marketers have generated much controversy in recentyears by their attempts to target _____.a.teensb.the poorc.inner-city minoritiesd.the poor in foreign markets(c; Moderate)63.In spite of problems with marketers targeting children and minorities, most attemptsprovide _____ to target customers.a.benefitscationc.experienced.major sales(a; Easy)64.In market targeting, the issue is not really who is targeted, but rather ___ and for_____.a.why; whatb.how; whatc.why; how longd.none of the above(b; Moderate)65.This group determines a product’s position relative to competing products.a.manufacturesb.wholesalersc.retailersd.consumers(d; Easy)66.In order to make positioning effective, the brand’s _____ and _____ must beimplanted in customers’ minds.a.uniqueness; benefitsb.unique benefits; differentiationc.differentiation; equityd.price; competitiveness(b; Moderate)67.As marketing manager of Swiss Chalets, a mountain and lakeside resort, youdiscover that consumers position products and services _____.a.after marketers put marketing mixes in placeb.generally after consulting friends who use themc.with or without the help of marketersd.rather reluctantly(c; Challenging)68.Choose the incorrect item below in the list of positioning tasks.a.Identify a set of possible competitive advantages upon which to build a position.b.Survey frequent uses of the product.c.Select an overall positioning strategy.d.Effectively communicate and deliver the chosen position to the market.(b; Moderate)69. A company or store gains a _____ by understanding customer needs better thancompetitors do and delivering more value.petitive advantageb.positioning advantagec.cost advantaged.efficiency advantage(a; Easy)70. A company or market offer can be differentiated along the lines of product, image,services, channels, or _____.a.pricesb.nonprice factorsc.peopled.customer service(c; Moderate)71.In addition to differentiating a company or market, companies can differentiate theirproducts on several attributes. One of the following is not a common attribute.a.consistencyb.durabilityc.reliabilitypatibility(d; Challenging)72.Firms gain this type of advantage through the way they design their distributioncoverage, expertise, and performance.a.services differentiationb.channel differentiationc.people differentiationd.product differentiation(b; Easy)73.Jaygo Food Stores hires better employees than the competition by conductinglengthy searches and interviews. Management also trains employees much better than competitors. Jaygo has gained a strong competitive advantage through thistype of differentiation.a.imageb.peoplec.servicesd.product(b; Moderate)74.Ford Motor Company emphasizes “quality first—Ford tough” in its truck products.The company has developed a differentiation strategy based on _____.a.peopleb.imagec.productsd.services(b; Moderate)75.When firms use symbols, colors, or characters to convey their personalities, they areusing this type of differentiation.a.imageb.peoplepanyd.reputation(a; Easy)76.Find the group of the three major positioning errors.a.under, over, nonb.under, over, confusingc.over, confusing, nond.none of the above(b; Moderate)77.Ad man Rosser Reeves believes that firms should develop a USP for eachbrand and stick to it. For what does USP stand?a.unique selling productb.unique services practicec.unique sales pitchd.unique selling proposition(d; Challenging)78. A difference to promote is worth establishing to the extent that it satisfies all of thecriteria except one.a.importantb.distinctivec.divisibled.affordable(c; Moderate)79.When competitors cannot easily copy this difference to promote, we say we have a_____ difference.a.distinctiveb.profitablec.preemptived.superior(c; Easy)80.You have just created the “perfect” ad. It communicates the full mix of benefitsupon which the brand is positioned. This full positioning is called _____.a.value propositionb.AIDAc.capturing the consumers’ attentiond.value profiling(a; Moderate)81.The answer to the customer’s question, “Why should I buy your brand?” is found inthe _____.a.quality imageb.customer servicesc.value propositiond.pricing and promotion structure(c; Challenging)82.Neiman Marcus claims superior quality, performance, and style. The ownersprovide the most upscale products and services and charge a higher price to cover the higher costs. What type of positioning does Neiman Marcus use?a.more-for-the-sameb.more-for-morec.repositioningd.the-same-for-less(b; Challenging)83.This positioning strategy is very competitive. It can attack a more-for-more strategyby introducing a brand offering with comparable quality but at a lower price.a.more-for-the-sameb.more-for-lessc.same-for-lessd.less-for-much-less(a; Moderate)84.This positioning strategy offers consumers a “good deal” by offering equivalent-quality products or services at a lower price. Choose it below.a.more-for-the-sameb.more-for-lessc.same-for-lessd.less-for-much-less(c; Easy)85.Few people can afford the best in everything they buy. At times everyone needs aproduct with less quality or performance with a correspondingly lower price. In this case a consumer would purchase a product positioned with a _____ strategy.a.more-for-the-sameb.more-for-lessc.same-for-lessd.less-for-much-less(d; Easy)86.Lowe’s Home Improvement Stores, the nation’s second largest home improvementchain, claims to offer better products at lower prices. This ultimate winning value proposition is called _____.a.more-for-the-sameb.more-for-lessc.same-for-lessd.more-for-more(b; Moderate)87.Which positioning strategy is very difficult to use when pursuing “best-of-both”positioning?a.more-for-the-sameb.more-for-lessc.same-for-lessd.more-for-more(b; Moderate)88.Superior Auto Sales, a chain of high-end used car dealerships, wants to sum up itscompany positioning and brand positioning in a formal way. Superior’smanagement would use a _____.a.mission statementb.vision statementc.position statementd.positioning statement(d; Challenging)89.This statement first states the product’s membership in a category and then showsits point-of-difference from other members of the category.a.mission statementb.vision statementc.position statementd.positioning statement(d; Moderate)90.Once it has chosen a position, a company must take strong steps to deliver andcommunicate the desired position to target consumers. Locate the step below that is not correct.a.The company’s marketing mix efforts must support the positioning strategy.b.Positioning the company calls for concrete action, not just talk.c.Designing the marketing mix involves working out the strategic details of thepositioning strategy.d.Its service personnel, retailers, and advertising messages must match correctly. (d; Challenging)True – False91.Today, most companies have moved away from mass marketing and are being morechoosy about the customers with whom they wish to build relationships.(True; Moderate)92.For most of the past century, major consumer products companies held fast to massmarketing.(True; Easy)93.At this point, your company wants to move away from mass marketing and engagein target marketing. The three steps to take, in order, are market segmentation,market positioning, and target marketing.(False; Moderate)94.Each firm should be able to find a single way to segment each market.(False; Easy)95.Bombay Gifts divides its markets into units of nations, regions, and cities. Bombayuses geographic segmentation.(True; Easy)96.This type of segmentation uses different marketing approaches for different timeperiods of peoples’ lives and different family situations. This segmentation method is called demographic.(False; Moderate)97.Gender segmentation has long been used in clothing, cosmetics, toiletries, andmagazines.(True; Easy)98.Shopping For The Rich and Famous is a buying service that helps wealthy clientsfind the best buys in exclusive clothing, high-end cars, travel, and financial services.This firm would use income segmentation.(True; Easy)99.Your assignment at work is to divide buyers into different groups based on socialclass, lifestyle, and personality characteristics. After a planning session with themarketing and sales staff, you issue a memo to upper management recommending psychographic segmentation. You are right on target.(True; Challenging)100.Many marketers believe that behavior variables are the best starting point for building market segments.(True; Moderate)101.Behavioral segmentation requires finding the major advantages or features people look for in the product class; the kinds of people who look for each advantage orfeature; and the major brands that deliver each advantage or feature.(False; Challenging) Grange Florists segments markets into groups of nonusers, ex-users, potential users, first-time users, and regular users of its flowers and services. This firm uses usage rate as the segmentation approach.(False; Moderate)103.Research and planning for loyalty status as a segmentation approach is generally not useful or practical for most firms.(False; Easy)104.For simplicity’s sake, most marketers generally limit their segmentation analysis to one or a few variables.(False; Moderate)105.Segmenting business markets goes beyond consumer market variables. Operating characteristics, purchasing approaches, situational factors, and company culture may also be considered.(False; Challenging)106.A growing number of U.S.-based companies have developed the resources and the will to operate in many foreign companies. International segmenting of markets has become quite popular.(False; Challenging)107.Because there is such variation among the economies of countries around the world, it is not practical to segment international markets on the basis of economic factors. (False; Moderate)108.Karyn Caudill, marketing director for a major hospital in Houston, Texas, sees the growing number of ethnic groups and subcultures in her area. She has discovered that for market segments to be useful they must be measurable, accessible,substantial, differentiable, and attainable.(False; Challenging)109.In evaluating different market segments, a firm must look at three factors: segment size and growth, segment structural attractiveness, and company objectives andresources.(True; Moderate)110.At a recent marketing seminar, the featured speaker stated that a target market consists of a set of buyers who share common needs or characteristics that thecompany decides to serve. You believe this is a correct definition.(True; Easy)111.Developing a stronger position within several segments creates more total sales than undifferentiated marketing across all segments.(True; Moderate)112.Since Cruise Ships International currently has limited financial and personnel resources, it should avoid concentrated or niche marketing until resources are again substantial.(False; Moderate)113.Niche marketing offers smaller companies an opportunity to compete by focusing their limited resources on serving niches that may be unimportant to or overlooked by larger companies.(True, Easy)。

生化复习题(6-10chapter)

第六章脂类代谢一. 选择题:A型题:1.脂肪细胞合成甘油三酯所需的α-磷酸甘油主要来自:A.糖代谢B.脂肪动员C.磷脂分解D.甘油磷酸化E.氨基酸转化2.合成甘油三酯能力最强的组织是A.肝脏B.脂肪组织C.小肠D.肾脏E.肌肉组织3.脂肪动员的限速酶是A.甘油三酯脂肪酶B.甘油二酯脂肪酶C.甘油一酯脂肪酶D.腺苷酸环化酶E.蛋白激酶A4.不是脂解激素的是A.肾上腺素B.胰高血糖激素C.促肾上腺素皮质激素D.胰岛素E.促甲状腺素5.脂肪动员产生游离脂肪酸在血液中运输时A.同清蛋白结合B.同球蛋白结合C.同载脂蛋白结合D.不与蛋白质结合E.以上都可.对脂酰辅酶A进入线粒体的速度起关键作用的因素是A.线粒体内膜上肉碱的存在B.肉碱-脂酰转移酶Ⅰ活性C.肉碱-脂酰肉碱转位酶活性D.肉碱-脂酰转移酶Ⅱ活性E.饥饿7.肌肉组织内一摩尔软脂酸完全氧化分解时,可产生A.46H2O+16CO2+129A TPB.4H2O+2CO2+131A TPC.39H2O+16CO2+129A TPD.4H2O+2CO2+12A TPE.7H2O+7CO2+96A TP8.合成酮体的限速酶是A.乙酰乙酰辅酶A裂解酶B.HMG-CoA合酶C.HMG-CoA裂解酶D.β-羟丁酸脱氢酶E.HMG-CoA还原酶9.肝脏组织不能利用酮体是因为其缺乏A.乙酰乙酸硫激酶B.乙酰辅酶A转硫酶C.乙酰乙酸硫解酶D.HMG-CoA裂解酶E.HMG-CoA合酶10.乙酰辅酶A羧化酶变构激活剂是A.柠檬酸B.cAMPC.辅酶AD.A TPE.长链脂酰辅酶A11.软脂酸合成时A.碳链延长都是直接加上乙酰辅酶AB.H214CO3的14C,出现在软脂酸的每个碳原子上C.14CH3CO~SCoA中14C只出现在软脂酸的第一个碳原子上D.14CH3CO~SCoA中14C只出现在软脂酸的偶数碳原子上E.14CH3CO~SCoA中14C只出现在软脂酸的奇数碳原子上12.乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和丙酮酸羧化酶的共同点是A.受柠檬酸的调节B.受乙酰辅酶A的调节C.辅酶都是NAD+D.辅酶都是CoA-SHE.以生物素为辅基13.当丙二酸单酰辅酶A浓度增高时,可抑制A.乙酰辅酶A羧化酶B.HMG-CoA合酶C.乙酰辅酶A合成酶D.脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶E.肉碱脂酰转移酶Ⅰ14.下列哪种物质与酮体利用有关A. CoA-SHB.维生素B6C.生物素D.NADPH+H+E.维生素B1215.下列哪一化合物不参与甘油三酯合成A.α-磷酸甘油B.磷脂酸C.CDP-甘油二酯D.脂酰辅酶AE.甘油二酯16.酰基载体蛋白是A.载脂蛋白B.含辅酶A的蛋白质C.脂肪酸合成酶复合体的核心D.带有酰基的载脂蛋白E.存在于脂肪酸合成酶复合体表面的蛋白质17.下列甘油三酯降解和氧化的产物可转化为糖的是A.硬脂酸B.乙酰辅酶AC.酮体D.丙酰辅酶AE.乙酰乙酸18.软脂酰辅酶A经一次β氧化且其产物经三羧酸循环及氧化磷酸化后可产生A TP的摩尔数A.5B.17C.16D.15E.12919.肝脏内合成乙酰乙酸的直接前体物质是A.β-羟丁酸B.β-羟丁酰辅酶AC.乙酰乙酰辅酶AD.甲羟戊酸E.HMG-CoA20.食物中最主要的必需脂肪酸是A.软脂酸B.油酸C.亚油酸D.亚麻酸E.花生四烯酸21.下列代谢中需要生物素和维生素B12的代谢过程是A.乙酰辅酶A→软脂酸B.软脂酸β氧化→乙酰辅酶AC.偶数碳原子的脂肪酸完全氧化分解D.奇数碳原子的脂肪酸完全氧化分解E.以上都没有22.肝外组织利用乙酰乙酸时首先生成的是A.HMG-CoAB.乙酰乙酰辅酶AC.丁脂酰辅酶AD.丙二酸单酰辅酶AE.乙酰辅酶A23.脂肪酸合成酶系只能直接合成A.硬脂酸B.14碳脂肪酸C.不饱和脂肪酸D.软脂酸E.15碳脂肪酸24.由甘油和脂肪酸合成甘油三酯时,消耗的高能磷酸键数目为A.4B.7C.8D.5E.125.在人体内由葡萄糖合成脂肪酸的直接中间产物是A.3-磷酸甘油醛B.丙酮酸C.草酰乙酸D.乙酰辅酶AE.磷酸二羟丙酮26.合成前列腺素前体的脂肪酸是A.软脂酸B.硬脂酸C.花生四烯酸D.亚油酸E.亚麻酸27.不经过磷酸化可被脂肪酸酯化的物质是A.甘油B.2-甘油一酯C.甘油三酯D.脂酰辅酶AE.以上都不是28.在胞浆中,下列哪种酶可催化生成乙酰辅酶A,并用于合成脂肪酸A.乙酰辅酶A合成酶B.乙酰辅酶A羧化酶C.丙酮酸脱氢酶系D.A TP-柠檬酸裂解酶E.丙酮酸羧化酶29.乙酰基从线粒体基质进入胞浆内通过A.柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环B.苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭C.嘌呤核苷酸循环D.Cori's循环E.葡萄糖-丙氨酸循环30.奇数碳原子脂肪酸分解产生丙酰辅酶A彻底氧化分解时,需首先转变为A.琥珀酰辅酶AB.丙酮酸C.乙酰辅酶AD.酮体E.苹果酸31.胰岛素作为抗脂解激素,主要作用是抑制了A.磷酸二酯酶B.磷脂酶C.甘油二酯脂肪酶D.甘油三酯脂肪酶E.腺苷酸环化酶32.脂肪酸β-氧化之前活化的原因是A.产生的脂酰辅酶A的水溶性增加B.有利于肉碱的转运C.活化后的产物可作为肉碱脂酰转移酶的激活物D.活化后的产物可作为脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶的底物E.活化后的产物可作为β-烯脂酰辅酶A水化酶的底物33.脂酰辅酶A在肝脏内β-氧化的顺序是A.脱氢,再脱氢,加水,硫解B.硫解,脱氢,加水,再脱氢C.脱氢,加水,再脱氢,硫解D.脱氢,脱水,再脱氢,硫解E.加水,脱氢,再脱氢,硫解34.有关酮体的描述不正确的是A.主要在肝内合成B.主要成分是乙酰乙酸C.只能在肝外组织利用D.合成酮体的酶系分布于肝细胞的线粒体内E.除丙酮外,均是酸性物质35.不参与脂肪酸的β-氧化的酶是A.α,β-烯脂酰辅酶A水化酶B.脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶C.β-羟脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶D.β-酮脂酰辅酶A硫解酶E.β-酮脂酰辅酶A硫激酶36.不是脂肪酸β-氧化所需的物质是A.NAD+B.NADP+C.FADD.肉碱E.CoA-SH37.脂肪酸β-氧化中,以FAD为辅基的酶催化的反应是A.还原不饱和脂肪酸B.β-羟脂酰辅酶A脱氢C.脂肪酸活化D.脂酰辅酶A脱氢E.以上都不是38.胰岛素可促进脂肪合成的原因中,不正确的是A.可诱导脂肪酸合成酶系的合成B.可诱导A TP-柠檬酸裂解酶的合成C.促进磷脂酸的合成D.使乙酰辅酶A羧化酶磷酸化E.促进游离脂肪酸进入脂肪组织39.下列脂类中不含有甘油的是:A:卵磷脂B:心磷脂C:脑磷脂D:磷脂酰肌醇E:鞘磷脂40.合成卵磷脂时,胆碱的活性供体是:A:磷酸胆碱B:ADP-胆碱C:UDP-胆碱D:CDP-胆碱E:CTP-胆碱41.体内合成胆碱和乙醇胺时其原料是:A:Met B:SAM C:Ser D:Gly E:Lys42.从3-磷酸甘油开始合成磷脂酰丝氨酸及磷脂酰乙醇胺,下列描述不正确的是: A:是两条不同的合成途径B:都需要消耗A TP,CTPC:甘油三脂为其共同中间产物D:都需要脂酰辅酶AE:后者中的乙醇胺可被Ser替代直接转变为前者43.下列哪一物质是磷脂酶C水解甘油磷脂后的产物:A:脂肪酸B:甘油二酯C:溶血磷脂1 D:溶血磷脂2 E:甘油44.哪一物质合成时不需要丝氨酸:A:卵磷脂B:脑磷脂C:神经鞘磷脂D:鞘糖脂E:心磷脂45.用14C标记乙酸的两个碳,以此为原料在体外温育合成胆固醇,结果是:A:胆固醇分子中所有的碳原子都有14C标记B:只有胆固醇的母核上的碳原子有标记C:胆固醇分子的侧链上有标记D:胆固醇分子中相间隔的碳原子有标记E:以上都不对46.合成胆固醇的限速酶是:A:HMG-CoA合酶B:HMG-CoA裂解酶C:HMG-CoA还原酶D:硫解酶E:羧化酶47.下列对胆固醇的合成调节的描述错误的是:A:胆固醇的合成具有周期节律性B:HMG-CoA还原酶的活性有周期性的改变C:胞液内依赖AMP蛋白激酶使HMG-CoA还原酶磷酸化而失活D:甲状腺素可促进胆固醇的合成,故甲亢时患者血浆中的胆固醇升高E:增加食物中的胆固醇含量,可抑制体内胆固醇的合成48.胆固醇在体内的最主要的去路是:A:合成类固醇激素B:氧化分解C:转变成维生素D3D:转变为胆汁酸E:转变为粪固醇排出体外49.本身具有激素的活性且是合成肾上腺皮质激素的重要中间产物的为:A:孕酮B:睾丸酮C:雌酮D:雌二醇E:醛固酮50.合成皮质激素时都需要:A:NADH+H++O2 B:NADPH+H++O2 C:FADH2+O2D:NADPH+H+ E:NADH+H+51.血浆脂蛋白聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳时泳动速度最快的是:A:β-脂蛋白B:前β-脂蛋白C:α-脂蛋白D:CM E:α1-球蛋白52.IDL的密度是介于:A:CM和VLDL之间B:VLDL和LDL之间C:LDL和HDL之间D:HDL2和HDL3之间E:LDL和HDL2之间53.合成HDL的部位是:A:肝细胞B:血浆C:小肠粘膜细胞D:肝细胞和小肠粘膜细胞E:以上都可54.在肝细胞内合成的血浆蛋白有:A:CM,VLDL B:VLDL,LDL C:VLDL,HDLD:VLDL,LDL,HDL E:CM,HDL,LDL,HDL55.下列血浆脂蛋白中蛋白质含量最高、最低的分别是:A:CM,VLDL B:VLDL,HDL C:LDL,HDLD:HDL,CM E:CM,HDL56.下列血浆脂蛋白中胆固醇含量最高、最低的分别是:A:CM,VLDL B:VLDL,HDL C:LDL,HDLD:HDL,CM E:CM,HDL57.下列血浆脂蛋白中甘油三脂含量最高、最低的分别是:A:CM,VLDL B:VLDL,HDL C:LDL,HDLD:HDL,CM E:CM,HDL58.下列物质中不是血浆脂蛋白的组成的是:A:蛋白质B:甘油三脂C:磷脂D:胆固醇及其酯E:游离脂肪酸59.下列物质中不是双亲媒性分子的是:A:游离胆固醇B:载脂蛋白C:磷脂D:胆固醇脂E:胆汁酸60.激活LPL必需的载脂蛋白是:A:ApoCⅡB:ApoCⅢC:ApoAⅠD:ApoAⅡE:ApoAⅣ61.能够激活LCA T的载脂蛋白是:A:ApoE B:ApoD C:ApoAⅠD:ApoAⅡE:ApoB62.空腹12小时--24小时后,血浆中已消失的血浆脂蛋白是:A:CM B:VLDL C:LDLD:HDL2 E:HDL363.CM的代谢中需要:A:LCA T+ApoCⅡB:LCA T+ApoCⅠC:LPL+ApoCⅡD:LPL+ApoCⅠE:LCA T+ApoAⅡ64.有关血浆脂蛋白的描述正确的是:A:CM在脂肪组织中合成B:HDL是从LDL中转变来C:VLDL可转变成LDL :HDL和LDL竞争肝外受体E:HDL运输胆固醇到肝外利用65.不能由胆固醇转变的是:A:鹅脱氧胆酸B:睾酮C:甘氨胆酸D:1,25-(OH)2-D3 E:胆红素66.LPL作用是催化:A:脂肪细胞内甘油三脂水解B:肝细胞内甘油三脂水解C:CM中的甘油三脂水解D:LDL中的甘油三脂水解E:HDL中的甘油三脂水解67.内源性胆固醇主要由哪种物质运输:A:HDL B:LDL C:VLDLD:CM E:清蛋白68.合成卵磷脂所需活性胆碱是:A:ADP-胆碱B:GDP-胆碱C:TDP-胆碱D:UDP-胆碱E:CDP-胆碱69.在细胞内催化脂酰基转移到胆固醇生成胆固醇脂的酶是:A:LCA T B:ACA T C:PLCD:PLD E:,肉碱脂酰基转移酶70.肝病患者血浆胆固醇脂降低的原因是:A:胆固醇脂酶活性增高B:LPL活性增高C:胆固醇合成减少D:胆固醇脂分解增加E:LCA T合成减少71.下列哪种物质可作为卵磷脂和脑磷脂合成中共同的原料:A:Gly B:SAM C:Ser D:Thr E:UTP72.人的LDL生成部位是:A:肝脏B:小肠粘膜C:红细胞D:血浆E:脂肪组织73.家族性高胆固醇血症的主要原因是:A:肝内HMG-CoA还原酶缺乏反馈抑制B:由VLDL生成LDL增加C:缺乏ApoB D:ACA T活性降低E:细胞质膜LDL受体缺陷74.下列化合物中不含有环戊烷多氢菲骨架的是:A:睾酮B:胆汁酸C:前列腺素D:皮质醇E:胆固醇75.磷脂酶A2作用于磷脂酰丝氨酸的产物是:A:磷脂酸B:溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸C:SerD:1,2-甘油二酯E:磷脂酰乙醇胺76.Ⅱa型高脂蛋白血症是指空腹血浆:A:CM增高B:VLDL增高C:LDL增高D:LDL,VLDL增高E:CM,VLDL增高77.Ⅳ型高脂蛋白血症是指空腹血浆:A:CM增高B:VLDL增高C:LDL增高D:LDL,VLDL增高E:CM,VLDL增高78.ApoAⅠ主要存在于:A:LDL B:VLDL C:CMD:血浆E:HDL79.高β脂蛋白血症病人,血浆脂蛋白含量测定可出现:A:甘油三脂明显增高,胆固醇正常B:胆固醇明显增高,甘油三脂正常C:甘油三脂明显增高,胆固醇明显增高D:甘油三脂明显增高,胆固醇轻度增高E:甘油三脂轻度增高,胆固醇轻度增高80.我国大多数冠心病患者常见于:A:高CM血症B:高β-脂蛋白血症C:高β-,前β-脂蛋白血症D:高CM,前β-脂蛋白血症E:高前β-脂蛋白血症81.高胆固醇饮食,血浆胆固醇浓度增高可使:A:小肠粘膜细胞中HMG-CoA还原酶的合成减少B:肝细胞内HMG-CoA还原酶合成减少C:肝细胞内HMG-CoA合酶活性降低D:小肠粘膜细胞中HMG-CoA合酶活性降低E:硫解酶活性降低82.抗动脉粥样硬化因子是:A:LDL B:CM C:VLDLD:IDL E:HDL83.有关HDL的描述错误的是:A:HDL是ApoCⅡ的储存库B:HDL2比HDL3的密度大C:HDL2中胆固醇含量比HDL3高D:HDL主要在肝脏中降解E:HDL逆向转运胆固醇时,需要LCA T,ApoAⅠ及CETP84.合成胆固醇的酶系分布于:A:细胞液B:细胞液+线粒体C:细胞液+内质网D:高尔基器E:细胞液+线粒体+内质网85.下列哪种物质与血浆游离脂肪酸运输有关:A:CM B:VLDL C:HDLD:血浆清蛋白E:载脂蛋白86.下列载脂蛋白(Apo)的种类与功能哪项不对:A:Apo有A、B、C、D、E五类,有的还有亚类Ⅰ、ⅡB:Apo主要功能是促进脂蛋白溶于血浆和稳定其结构C:有些脂蛋白并不含Apo只含普通血浆蛋白D:ApoB100有辨认LDL受体和促进其进入细胞E:ApoAⅠ能激活LCA T,促进游离胆固醇酯化87.关于脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)下列哪项是错误的:A:是细胞外酶B:水解CM和VLDL中TGC:从脂肪组织动员脂肪D:受ApoCⅡ的激活E:在肌和脂肪细胞内合成移行于毛细血管上皮表面88.以下关于磷脂的描述不正确的是:A:主要的甘油磷脂是卵磷脂和脑磷脂B:甘油的2位C常结合多不饱和脂酸C:磷脂酶A2作用于卵磷脂产生溶血卵磷脂D:磷脂不溶于水只在有机溶剂中溶解E:磷脂是构成细胞膜液晶态的主要因素X型题:1.营养必需脂肪酸包括A.亚麻酸B.花生四烯酸C.γ-亚麻酸D.亚油酸2.小肠粘膜细胞吸收脂类后,将其转入血液循环中的形式有A.游离脂肪酸+甘油B.乳糜微粒C.VLDLD.混合微团3.在脂肪组织内,合成脂肪所需的α-磷酸甘油可来自A.甘油B.磷酸二羟丙酮C.3-磷酸甘油醛D.1,3-BPG4.脂肪动员后的终产物有A.游离脂肪酸B.α-磷酸甘油C.甘油D.磷酸5.有关脂肪酸活化的描述正确的有A.脂肪酸活化在线粒体内进行B.活化时需要泛酸C.活化后的产物水溶性增加D.每活化一摩尔脂肪酸需要一摩尔的高能磷酸键6.脂酰CoA进入线粒体基质过程中,需要的物质有A.肉碱B.肉碱-脂酰转移酶ⅠC.肉碱-脂酰转移酶ⅡD.肉碱-脂酰肉碱转位酶7.脂肪酸β-氧化不包括A.加氢B.加水C.硫解D.裂解8.脂肪酸β-氧化所需的维生素包括A.维生素B1B.维生素ppC.泛酸D.维生素B29.下列反应中,每产生一摩尔的底物可消耗两个高能磷酸键的有A.脂肪酸→脂酰辅酶AB.1-磷酸葡萄糖→UDPGC.氨基酸→氨基酰tRNAD.瓜氨酸+天冬氨酸→精氨酸代琥珀酸10.脂肪酸β-氧化所需的酶A.对所有进入线粒体内的脂酰辅酶A均可进行β-氧化B.仅对偶数碳原子的脂肪酸发挥作用C.过氧化酶体内也存在D.参与脂肪酸β-氧化的酶构成一个多酶复合体11.下列有关脂肪酸β-氧化描述错误的是A.相同摩尔数软脂酸和葡萄糖在体内完全氧化分解时,其能量利用效率相等B.不饱和脂肪酸β-氧化过程与饱和脂肪酸β-氧化过程完全相同C.不饱和脂肪酸完全氧化后产生的能量与相同碳原子数饱和脂肪酸完全氧化后产生的能相比,前者少D.极长链脂肪酸氧化分解时,首先在过氧化酶体内降解,再进入线粒体内进行β-氧化12.下列哪些物质可转变为琥珀酰辅酶AA.支链氨基酸B.MetC.ThrD.奇数碳原子脂肪酸β-氧化后的产物13.乙酰辅酶A的主要去路是A.合成酮体B.合成脂肪酸C.合成胆固醇D.合成葡萄糖14.酮体包括A.β-羟丁酸B.丙酮C.丙酮酸D.乙酰乙酸15.肝脏组织不能利用酮体,是因为缺乏A. HMG-CoA合成酶B.乙酰乙酸硫激酶C.HMG-CoA脱氢酶D.琥珀酰辅酶A转硫酶16.有关酮体的正确描述是A.是肝脏输出的能源形式之一B.正常情况下,血液中不存在酮体C.合成酮体时不需要消耗A TPD.长期饥饿时,酮体是脑组织的主要能源物质17.在胞液内产生NADPH的反应有A.苹果酸→丙酮酸B.葡萄糖→葡萄糖酸C.异柠檬酸→α-酮戊二酸D.L-Glu→α-酮戊二酸18.能使酮体合成增加的是A.饥饿B.肝糖原量增加C.肝细胞胞液内丙二酸单酰辅酶A增加D.胰岛素分泌不足19.脂肪酸合成时A.需要NADPHB.需要生物素C.丙二酸单酰辅酶A为活性中间代谢物D.反应在线粒体内进行20.HMG-CoAA.可在细胞液内合成B.可在线粒体基质内合成C.是合成酮体的中间代谢物D.是合成胆固醇的中间代谢物21.动物体内脂肪酸的去饱和作用发生在A.细胞核B.胞液C.内质网D.线粒体22.饱和脂肪酸转变为不饱和脂肪酸时涉及到A.脱氢作用B.NADPH参与C.细胞色素P450参与D.O2参与23.胰岛素抗脂解作用的原因是A.抑制腺苷酸环化酶B.使HSL活性降低C.使细胞内的cAMP减少D.激活细胞内的磷酸二脂酶24.延长软脂酸碳链的酶分布于A.胞液B.高尔基复合体C.内质网D.线粒体25.线粒体脂肪酸碳链延长的酶系和内质网脂肪酸碳链延长的酶系A. 均需NADPH+H+供氢B.在线粒体内延长时需乙酰辅酶A为二碳单位供体B. 内质网内延长时需丙二酰辅酶A为二碳单位的供体D.均需ACP作为酰基的载体6.有关脂肪酸合成的描述正确的是A.18碳以上的饱和脂肪酸都由软脂酸经改造生成的B.软脂酸合成时各步反应都是在ACP辅基上进行C.合成软脂酸时,每消耗一摩尔丙二酸单酰辅酶A可延长三个碳原子D.动物体内合成脂肪酸的酶系分布于线粒体,内质网,胞液中27.胆固醇在人体内可转变为:A:维生素D B:胆汁酸C:雌激素E:胆红素28.合成甘油磷脂最活跃的组织是:A:肾组织B:脑组织C:肝组织D:肠道组织29.合成卵磷脂时,需消耗的能量形式有:A:GTP B:CTP C:A TP D:UTP30.合成胆碱时所需要的氨基酸是:A:Ser B:Met C: Gly D:Ala31.从葡萄糖开始合成磷脂酰肌醇及脑磷脂时共同的中间产物是: A:3-磷酸甘油B:磷脂酸C:1,2-甘油二酯D:CDP-胆碱32.可水解卵磷脂第一位酯键的酶是A:磷脂酶A1 B:磷脂酶A2C:磷脂酶B1 D:磷脂酶B233.能产生溶血卵磷脂的酶是:A:磷脂酶A1 B:磷脂酶A2 C:磷脂酶B1 D:磷脂酶C34.脑磷脂完全水解的终产物有:A:脂肪酸B:甘油C:磷酸D:乙醇胺35.下列脂类中含有甘油的有:A:TG B:磷脂酰肌醇C:脑磷脂D:鞘脂36.生物合成鞘氨醇所需的基本原料是:A:软脂酸B:Ser C:甘油D:Met37.合成鞘氨醇时所需的维生素是:A:维生素PP B:维生素B1C:维生素B2 D:维生素B538.下列哪些叙述为载脂蛋白所特有:A:由肝及小肠粘膜细胞合成的特异球蛋白B:是均一的单体C:不仅是脂类的载体还有其它特殊功能D:可被脂蛋白酯酶水解39.乳糜微粒中含有:A:甘油三脂B:胆固醇C:蛋白质D:甘油40.血清脂蛋白琼脂糖凝胶电泳由(-)→(+)的电泳图谱顺序是:A:CM→前β→β→αB:CM→α→前β→βC:β→CM→前β→αD:CM→β→前β→α41.脂类在血液中的主要运输形式是:A:VLDL B:CM C:LDL D:HDL42.LDL受体:A:遍布于全身各组织、细胞膜上B:能特异地识别含ApoB或ApoE的脂蛋白C:LDL通过其载脂蛋白与受体结合D:LDL主要由清除细胞清除43.含甘油三脂较多(55%以上)的脂蛋白有:A:CM B:HDL C:IDL D:VLDL44.关于载脂蛋白错误叙述是:A:是由肝及小肠粘膜细胞合成的特异球蛋白B:ApoB、D激活卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶C:在乳糜微粒中不含有ApoED:ApoB在VLDL中的含量最大45.各类Apo具有的特殊功能:A:ApoA1为LCA T激活物B:ApoC2可激活LPLC:ApoE促进CM残体进入肝细胞D:CM,VLDL的廓清依赖ApoA246.游离胆固醇在调节胆固醇代谢中的作用是:A:抑制细胞内胆固醇的合成B:抑制LDL受体的合成C:被细胞质膜摄取,构成膜成分D:抑制细胞内ACA T活性47.组成VLDL的化合物有:A:TG B:磷脂C:胆固醇,胆固醇脂D:ApoAI 48.同动脉粥样硬化形成有关的血浆脂蛋白有:A:VLDL B:LDL C:CM D:HDL49.通常在高脂蛋白血症中下列哪种脂蛋白可能升高?A:CM B:VLDL C:HDL D:LDL50.空腹12小时后血浆胆固醇主要分布在:A:CM B:VLDL C:LDL D:HDL51.空腹血浆TG含量显著升高见于:A:LCA T活性降低B:LPL活性降低C:ApoAⅠ减少D:ApoCⅡ缺乏52.禁食12小时后,正常血浆中TG主要分布于:A:CM B:VLDL C:LDL D:HDL53.新生HDL可来源于:A:肝脏B:小肠C:CM,VLDL的代谢D:外周组织54.参与胆固醇逆向转运的有:A:ApoAⅠB:ApoCⅡC:HDL D:LCA T55.ApoB存在于:A:LDL B:VLDL C:HDL2 D:HDL356.影响食物中胆固醇吸收的主要因素有A:植物固醇B:纤维素C:胆汁酸D:肠道pH值57.LDL受体A:广泛分布于全身各组织细胞膜上B:只特异地与含ApoB的LDL结合C:可特异地识别含ApoB或ApoE的脂蛋白D:参与全部血浆LDL的降解58.当肝细胞缺乏ApoE受体时,哪些脂蛋白代谢受影响:A:CM残体B:VLDL C:HDL D:LDL 59.下列对胆固醇的描述哪些是正确的:A:主要在肝内合成B:主要在肝内转化为胆汁酸C:血浆中70%胆固醇存在于LDL中D:饱和脂肪酸可促进胆固醇生物合成60.下列对胆固醇合成的描述正确的是:A:肝脏是合成胆固醇的主要场所B:磷酸戊糖途径旺盛时,可促进胆固醇的合成C:在胞浆和内质网中合成D:限速酶是HMG-CoA合酶61.导致脂肪肝的原因有:A:脂蛋白的合成障碍B:Met缺乏C:卵磷脂缺乏D:胆碱及其合成原料缺乏62.以HMG-CoA为共同中间合成产物的有:A:血红素B:脂肪酸C:酮体D:胆固醇63.神经鞘磷脂合成时需要的辅助因子有:A:磷酸吡哆醛B:NADPH+H+ C:CDP D:FAD64.合成神经节苷脂需要的物质有:A:神经酰胺B:CMP-NANA C:UDP-乙酰半乳糖胺D:UDP-Gal65.下列脂肪降解或氧化产物中,可转化为糖的是:A:酮体B:甘油C:乙酰CoA D:丙酰CoA66.下列化合物生物合成时需要CO2参与的有:A:尿素B:嘧啶C:嘌呤D:脂肪酸67.ACP含有:A:磷酸B:泛酸C:巯基乙胺D:脂肪酸68.乙酰辅酶A的来源有:A:由脂肪酸分解产生B:由糖转变来C:由胆固醇裂解产生D:由某些氨基酸代谢转变来69.乙酰辅酶A可用来合成:A:胆固醇B:酮体C:脂肪酸D:柠檬酸70.哪些物质合成时需要NADPH+H+:A: 胆固醇B:胆汁酸C:脂肪酸D:肾上腺皮质激素71.可以改变LPL的活性的载脂蛋白是:A:ApoCⅡB:ApoCⅢC:ApoAⅠD:ApoCⅣ72.ApoA对哪些酶具有调节作用:A:LPL B:LCA T C:HL D:ACA T二. 填空题:1.营养必需脂肪酸包括_________ _____________ 和_________,它们是__________、_______ 和_______等生理活性物质的前体.2.胰液中消化脂类的酶有_________、_________、__________ 和__________。

Chapter6复习

Chapter 6Consumer Markets and Consumer Buyer BehaviorMultiple Choice1.What is the name of the company that is the top-in fast food.?a.Kentucky Fried Chickenb.Wendy’sc.Burger Kingd.McDonald’s(d; Easy)2.McDonald’s had attracted Hong Kong customers who were ______.a.old peopleb.young peoplec.middle-aged peopled.retired people(b; Moderate)3.What is McDonald’s well publicized formula?a.ABCDb.QCSVc.PDCAd.ASQC(b; Easy)4.McDonald’s in Asia is an intereting example of segmentation by _____.a.time of dayb.age groupc.personalityd.income(a; Challenging)5._____ is never simple, yet understanding it is the essential task of marketingmanagement.a.Brand personalityb.Consumption pioneerc.Early adopterd.Consumer buyer behavior(d; Challenging)6.Most large companies research _____ buying decisions to find out what they buy,where they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy.a.marketb.permanentc.consumerd.social(c; Easy)7.How do consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use?The starting point is the _____ of a buyer’s behavior.a.beliefb.subculturec.postpurchase feelingd.stimulus-response(d; Challenging)8.Marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps. Which is not one of these Ps?a.productb.politicalc.priced.promotion(b; Moderate)9.Which is not a part of the buyer’s black box?a.observable buyer responsesb.product choicec.need recognitiond.dealer choice(c; Challenging)10.The marketer wants to understand how the stimuli are changed into responses insidethe consumer’s _____, which has two parts. First, the buyer’s characteristicsinfluence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. Second, the buyer’sdecision process itself affects the buyer’s behavior.a.cultureb.black boxc.beliefd.lifestyle(b; Moderate)11.The marketer needs to understand the role played by all of the following except_____.a.the buyer’s cultureb.the buyer’s subculturec.the weatherd.the buyer’s social class(c; Easy)12._____ is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behavior.a.Cultureb.Brand personalityc.Cognitive dissonanced.New product(a; Moderate)13.With the recent economic recovery from the _______crisis in 1998, Asia iscommonly regarded as the most attractive consumer market in the world.a.environmentalb.technologicalc.politicald.fincancial(d; Challenging)14.Understanding _______ is an essesntial task of marketing management.a.Individual behaviorb.buying behaviorc.group behaviord.market behavior(b; Challenging)15.Each culture contains smaller _____, or groups of people with shared value systemsbased on common life experiences and situations.a.alternative evaluationsb.cognitive dissonancesc.subculturesd.motives(c; Moderate)16.Three important Asian subcultures mentioned by the author include all except_____.a.Chineseb.Malaysc.Indiansd.Hispanics(d; Challenging)17.Western regions Chinese tend to follow the _______trend when making purchases.a.currentb.pastc.futured.important(a; Challenging)18.The majority of Beijing consumers will buy a watch to replace the broken one,They shop for the ______of the watch.a.rarityb.collectibilityc.styled.functionality(d; Moderate)19.This group are the social elite. Who are they?a.Upper uppers.b.Lower uppers.c.Upper middles.d.Middle class.(a; Moderate)20._____ are society’s relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose membersshare similar values, interests, and behaviors.a.Social classesb.Purchase decisionsc.Perceptionsd.Attitudes(a; Easy)21.What is one way that a social class is not measured?a.occupationcationc.incomed.number of children in the family(d; Easy)22._____ are ones to which the individual wishes to belong, as when a teenagebasketball player hopes to play someday for the Los Angeles Lakers.a.Membership groupsb.Aspirational groupsc.Reference groupsd.Leisure groups(b; Easy)23._____ are people within a reference group who, because of special skills,knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exert influence on others.a.Opinion leadersb.Habitual buyersc.Charismatic personalitiesd.Perceptionists(a; Easy)24._____ marketers are now taking to the streets, as well as cafes, nightclubs, and theInternet, in record numbers. Their goal: to seek out the trendsetters in eachcommunity and subtly push then into talking up a specific brand to their friends and admirers.a.Familyb.Buzzc.Personalityd.Opinion(b; Easy)25.The _____ is the most important consumer buying organization in society.Marketers are interested in the roles and influence of the husband, wife, andchildren on the purchase of different products and services.a.familyb.social classc.opinion leaderrmation search(a; Easy)26. A _____ consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to thepersons around them.a.motiveb.rolec.lifestyled.perception(b; Easy)27.People often buy the kind of clothing that shows their _____ in society.a.attitudeb.statusc.learningd.motive(b; Easy)28. A buyer’s decisions also are influenced by _____ such as the buyer’s age and life-cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, and personality and self-concept.a.personal characteristicsb.learningc.habitual buying behaviord.variety-seeking buying behavior(a; Moderate)29.People change the goods and services they buy over time because of two importantfactors. These are _____.a.belief and attitudeb.perception and personalityc.age and life-cycle stage.d.groups and learning(c; Moderate)30.Sony recently overhauled its marketing approach in order to target products andservices to consumers based on their life stages. It created a new unit called theConsumer Segment Division, which has seven life-stage segments. Which of the following is not one of these segments?a.gen Yb. D.I.N.K.sc.opinion leadersd.zoomers(c; Easy)31.In Asia, credit card companies are known to develop different card types that targetdifferent _____.a.personalitiesb.professionalsc.culturesd.motivations(b; Easy)32._____ is a person’s pattern of living as expressed in his or her psychographics.a.Personalityb.Culturec.Lifestyled.Motive(c; Challenging)33.All of the following make up a person’s lifestyle except _____.a.AIO dimensionsb.interestsc.dissonance-reducing buying behaviord.opinions(c; Moderate)34.Several research firms have developed lifestyle classifications. The most widelyused is the _____.a.VALSb.AIOc.CIAd.B2B(a; Challenging)35._____ are people with so many resources that they can indulge in any or allconsumer self-orientation.a.Habitual buyersb.Actualizersc.Brand personalitiesd.Subcultures(b; Moderate)36._____ refers to the unique psychological characteristics that lead to relativelyconsistent and lasting responses to one’s own environment. It is usually described in traits such as self-confidence, dominance, sociability, autonomy, defensiveness, adaptability, and aggressiveness.a.Alternative evaluationb.Beliefc.Cultured.Personality(d; Moderate)37.Researchers found that a number of well-known brands tended to be stronglyassociated with one particular trait, such as Levi’s with “ruggedness.” What is the name of the term that means a specific mix of human traits that may attribute to a particular brand?rmation searchb.social classc.brand personalityd.new product(c; Easy)38.Many marketers use a concept related to personality—a person’s self-concept. Thebasic self-concept premise is that people’s possessions contribute to and reflect their identities; that is, “we are what we have.” This leads consumers to _____.a.buy books to support their self-imagese brand personalitiesc.begin habitual buying behaviord.begin variety-seeking buying behavior(a; Challenging)39. A person’s buying choices are further influenced by four major psychologicalfactors. Which is not one of these factors?a.motivationb.perceptionc.habitual buying behaviord.learning(c; Moderate)40. A _____ is a need that is sufficiently pressing to direct the person to seeksatisfaction.a.lifestyleb.motivec.cultured.personality(b; Easy)41.The term _____ refers to qualitative research designed to probe consumers’ hidden,subconscious motivations.a.social classb.opinion leaderc.motivation researchd.need recognition(c; Easy)42.Maslow’s theory is that human needs are arranged in a _____ from the mostpressing at the bottom to the least pressing at the top.a.social classb.culturec.perceptiond.hierarchy(d; Easy)43.Maslow has a list of human needs from the most pressing to the least pressing. Theyinclude all of the following except _____.a.physiological needsb.safety needsc.need recognitiond.self-actualization(c; Moderate)44._____ is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information toform a meaningful picture of the world.a.Personalityb.Perceptionc.Selective groupd.Habitual behavior(b; Moderate)45.People can form different perceptions of the same stimulus because of threeperceptual processes. All of the following name these processes except _____.a.selective attentionb.selective distortionc.selective attituded.selective retention(c; Challenging)46._____ is the tendency for people to screen out most of the information to which theyare exposed.a.Selective distortionb.Selective attitudec.Selective retentiond.Selective attention(d; Moderate)47._____describes the tendency of people to interpret information in a way that willsupport what they already believe.a.Selective distortionb.Selective attitudec.Selective retentiond.Selective attention(a; Challenging)48.People will forget much that they learn. They tend to retain information thatsupports their attitudes and beliefs. This is called _____.a.selective retentionb.selective distortionc.selective attituded.selective attention(a; Challenging)49._____ advertising is when consumers are affected by marketing messages withouteven knowing it.a.Alternative evaluationb.Subliminalplexd.Motive(b; Easy)50._____ describes changes in an individual’s behavior arising from experience.a.Lifestyleb.Learningc.Perceptiond.Cognitive dissonance(b; Easy)51.Learning occurs through the interplay of all of the following except _____.a.drivesb.stimulic.cuesd.dissonance behavior(d; Challenging)52._____ are minor stimuli that determine where, when, and how a person responds topurchasing an item.a.Cuesb.Drivesc.Messagesd.Personalities(a; Challenging)53.If the experience is rewarding, she will probably use the camera more and more.Her response to cameras will be _____.a. a learning experienceb. a beliefc.reinforcedd. a dissonance experience(c; Easy)54.The practical significance of _____ for marketers is that they can build up demandfor a product by associating it with strong drives, using motivating cues, andproviding positive reinforcement.a.alternative evaluationb.social classesc.learning theoryd.subcultures(c; Challenging)55. A _____ is a descriptive thought that a person has about something.a.lifestyleb.motivec.beliefd.habitual behavior(c; Easy)56._____ describes a person’s relatively consistent evaluations, feelings, andtendencies toward an object or idea.a.Lifestyleb.Motivec.Habitual behaviord.Attitude(d; Moderate)57. A person’s attitudes fit into a pattern, and to change one attitude may requiredifficult adjustments in many others. Thus, a company should _____ try to fit its products into existing attitudes rather than attempt to change attitudes.uallyb.notc.once in a whiled.seldom(a; Easy)58.Consumers undertake _____ when they are highly involved in a purchase andperceive significant differences among brands.a.postpurchase behaviorplex buying behaviorc.opinion leadersd.dissonance(b; Challenging)59._____ occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive, infrequent, orrisky purchase but see little difference among brands.a.Brand personalityb.Dissonance-reducing buying behaviorplex buying behaviord.Consumer market(b; Challenging)60.After a purchase, consumers might experience _____ when they notice certaindisadvantages of the purchased carpet brand and hear favorable things about brands not purchased.a.postpurchase cultureb.perceptionc.postpurchase dissonanced.purchase decision(c; Moderate)61._____ occurs under conditions of low consumer involvement and little significantbrand difference. Consumers have little involvement in this product category – they simply go to the store and reach for a brand.a.Alternative evaluationb.Habitual buying behaviorc.Brand personalityd.Opinion leader(b; Moderate)62.All of the following are part of habitual buying behavior except which one?a.Consumers search extensively for information about the brands.b.Consumer behavior does not pass through the usual belief – attitude – behaviorsequence.c.Ad repetition creates brand familiarity rather than brand conviction.d.The buying process involves brand beliefs formed by passive learning.(a; Challenging)63.With habitual buying behavior, buyers are not highly committed to any brands;marketers of low-involvement products with few brand differences often use _____ and _____ promotions to stimulate product trial.a.belief; attitudeb.learning; attitudec.price; salesd.culture; learning(c; Challenging)64.Consumers undertake _____ in situations characterized by low consumerinvolvement but significant perceived brand differences. In such cases, consumers often do a lot of brand switching.a.dissonance buying behaviorplex buying behaviorc.need recognition behaviord.variety-seeking buying behavior(d; Challenging)65.Which of the following does not encourage habitual buying behavior?a.dominating shelf spaceb.running frequent reminder advertisingc.keeping shelves fully stockedd.putting out new products(d; Easy)66.What is one thing that challenger firms do not do to encourage habitual buyers to trytheir products?a.They offer lower prices.b.They advertise special deals.c.They put their products high on the shelf to be above all the others.d.They give out coupons and free samples.(c; Easy)67.The buyer decision process consists of five stages. Which of the following is notone of these stages?a.need recognitionrmation searchc.variety-seeking buying behaviord.purchase decision(c; Challenging)68.The buying process starts with _____— the buyer recognizes a problem or need.a.need recognitionrmation searchc.evaluation of alternativesd.purchase decision(a; Easy)69.If the consumer’s drive is strong and a satisfying product is near at hand, theconsumer is likely to buy it then. If not, the consumer may store the need inmemory or undertake a(n) _____.a.brand personalityb.alternative evaluationc.postpurchase behaviorrmation search(d; Challenging)70.The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. Which is notone of these sources?a.personalmercialc.attituded.public(c; Moderate)71.The most effective source that consumers obtain information from is _____ becauseit legitimizes or evaluates products for the buyer.mercialb.publicc.experimentald.personal(d; Challenging)72.What is the only promotion method that is of consumers, by consumers, and forconsumers?a.public sourcesb.word-of-mouth sourcesmercial sourcesd.subculture sources(b; Moderate)73.The marketer needs to know about _____— that is, how the consumer processesinformation to arrive at brand choices.a.alternative evaluationb.opinion leadersc.lifestyled.habitual buying behavior(a; Moderate)74.Consumers arrive at attitudes toward different brands through some evaluationprocedures. Which describes how this happens?a.Consumers use careful calculations and logical thinking.b.Consumers sometimes do little or no evaluating; instead they buy on impulseand rely on intuition.c.Sometimes consumers turn to friends for advice.d.All of the above apply.(d; Easy)75.Generally, the consumer’s purchase decision will be to buy the most preferredbrand, but two factors can come between the purchase intention and the purchase decision. What is one of these factors?a.postpurchase behaviorb.attitude of othersc.cognitive dissonanced.habitual buying behavior(b; Challenging)76.The marketer’s job does not end when the product is bought. After purchasing theproduct, the consumer will be satisfied or dissatisfied and will engage in _____.a.habitual buying behaviorb.alternative evaluationc.postpurchase behaviord.variety-seeking buying behavior(c; Easy)77.What determines whether the buyer is satisfied or dissatisfied with a purchase? Theanswer lies in the relationship between the consumer’s expectations and theproduct’s _____.a.perceived performanceb.brand personalityc.recognitiond.consumer market(a; Easy)78.Almost all major purchases result in _____, or discomfort caused by postpurchaseconflict.a.opinion leadersb.cognitive dissonancec.purchase decisionsplex buying behavior(b; Moderate)79._____ is a key to building lasting relationships with consumers.a.Personalityb.Alternative evaluationc.Need recognitiond.Customer satisfaction(d; Moderate)panies should set up systems that _____ customers to complain.a.discourageb.encouragec.do not allowd.none of the above(b; Easy)81. A new product is a good, service, or idea that is perceived by some potentialcustomers as new. Our interest is in how consumers learn about products for the first time and make decisions to buy them. This is called the _____.a.new product recognitionb.adoption processc.variety-seeking buying behaviorrmation search(b; Moderate)82.Which is not one of the stages that customers go through in the process of adoptinga new product?a.awarenessb.interestc.evaluationd.culture(d; Easy)83.Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, divisibility, and communicability arecharacteristics of _____.a.alternative evaluationb.dissonance-reducing buying behaviorc.influence of product on rate of adoptiond.habitual buying behavior(c; Challenging)True – False84.Mcdonald’s has not performed better than its global competitors like KentuckyFried Chicken, Burger King and Wendy’s.(False; Easy;)85.Mcdonald’s in Asia is an interesting example of segmentation by time of day. (True; Moderate)86.Children and young people are the only segments the McDonald’s serve in Asia. (False; Easy)87.Consumer buying behavior refers to the buying behavior of businesses.(False; Easy)88.The central question for marketers is: How do consumers respond to variousmarketing efforts the company might use? The starting point is called the stimulus-response of buyer behavior.(True; Moderate)89. A dissonance-reducing buying behavior is designed to probe consumers’ hidden,subconscious motivations.(False; Challenging)90.Each culture contains smaller cognitive dissonance, or groups of people with sharedvalue systems based on common life experiences and situations.(False; Moderate)91.Consumers’ behavior is also influenced by the demographic segment.(True; Easy)92.Younger consumers are better off financially than mature consumers. They are theideal market for exotic travel, restaurants, high-tech home entertainment products, and leisure goods and services.(False; Easy)93.Social classes are society’s relatively permanent and ordered divisions whosemembers share similar values, interests, and behaviors.(True; Easy)94.Social classes are now taking to the streets, as well as cafes, nightclubs, and theInternet, in record numbers. Their goal: to seek out the trendsetters in eachcommunity and subtly push them into talking up a specific brand to their friends and admirers.(False; Moderate)95.Lifestyle is a person’s pattern of living as expressed in his or her psychographics. (True; Easy)96. A belief is the specific mix of human traits that may be attributed to a particularbrand.(False; Moderate)97. A person’s buying choices are further influenced by four major psychologicalfactors: motivation, perception, learning, and beliefs and attitudes.(True; Easy)98. A motive occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive,infrequent, or risky purchase but see little difference among brands.(False; Easy)99.Maslow’s theory is that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy. They includephysiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. An unsatisfied need motivates one to take action to satisfy it.(True; Moderate)100.Alternative evaluation is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world.(False; Challenging)101.Consumers undertake complex buying behavior when they are highly involved in a purchase and perceive significant differences among brands.(True; Easy)102.Dissonance-reducing buying behavior occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive, infrequent, or risky purchase but see a lot of difference among brands.(False; Challenging)103.Alternative evaluation is how the consumer processes information to arrive at brand choices. Consumers do not use a simple and single evaluation process in all buying situations.(True; Moderate)104.The consumer’s purchase decision will be to buy the most preferred brand, but two factors can come between the purchase intention and purchase decision. The first factor is need recognition.(False; Moderate)105.After purchasing the product, the consumer will be satisfied or dissatisfied and will engage in postpurchase behavior.(True; Easy)106.Almost all major purchases result in cognitive dissonance, or discomfort caused by postpurchase conflict.(True; Easy)107.When a consumer learns about a new product for the first time and makes a decision to try it, it is called the alternative evaluation process.(False; Moderate)108.People differ greatly in their readiness to try new products. In each product area, there are “consumption pioneers.” They are also called laggards.(False; Challenging)109.Early adopters are guided by respect—they are opinion leaders in their communities and adopt new ideas early but carefully.(True; Moderate)110.The early majority are deliberate—although they rarely are leaders, they adopt new ideas before the average person.(True; Moderate)111.The late majorities are skeptical—they adopt an innovation only after their friends have tried it.(False; Challenging)112.In general, innovators tend to be relatively older, more mature, and have a lower income than late adopters.(False; Challenging)113.Five characteristics are especially important in influencing an innovation’s rate of adoption. Two of these are relative advantage and compatibility.(True; Moderate)114.Other characteristics influence the rate of adoption, such as postpurchase behavior. (False; Easy)115.Although consumers in different countries have different values, attitudes, and behaviors, the products they buy are very similar to each other.(False; Challenging)Essay116.What is McDonald’s well publicized formula?.McDonald’s well publicized formula is QCSV, that is, quality (of its food),cleanliness (of its dining environment), service (of its responsiveness and quality staff) and value (i.e. price value of its meals).(Challenging; p. 138)117.Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behavior. The marketer needs to understand the role played by the buyer’s culture, subculture, and social class. Describe the differences between culture, subculture, and social class.Answer: Culture is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behavior. Eachculture contains smaller subcultures, or groups of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations. Subcultures include nationalities, religions, racial groups, and geographic regions. Social classes are society’srelatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members share similar values,interests, and behaviors.(Challenging; pp. 139-142)118.A consumer’s behavior also is influenced by social factors, such as the consumer’s small groups, family, and social roles and status. Explain the differences between these social factors.Answer: Small groups to which a person belongs have a direct influence on what a person buys. Reference groups serve as direct (face-to-face) or indirect points of comparison or reference in forming a person’s attitudes or behavior. Anaspirational group is one to which the individual wishes to belong. Referencegroups expose a person to new behaviors and lifestyles, influence a person’sattitudes and self-concept, and create pressures to conform that may affect theperson’s product and brand choices. Opinion leaders are also included in reference groups. The family is the most important consumer buying organization in society.Marketers are interested in the roles and influence of each member. Social roles and status—Anna Flores plays the role of a daughter and a wife, and in her company she plays the role of a brand manager. A role consists of the activities people areexpected to perform according to the persons around them. Anna will buy the kind of clothes that reflect her role and status.(Moderate; pp. 143-146)119.Lifestyle segmentation can also be used to understand Internet behavior. Forester developed its “Technographics” scheme, which segments consumers according to motivation, desire, and ability to invest in technology. Name three of thesesegments, and tell what they mean.Answer: 1) Fast Forwards: the biggest spenders on computer technology. FastForwards are early adopters of new technology for home, office, and personal use.2) New Age Nurturers: also big spenders but focused on technology for home uses,such as a family PC. 3) Mouse Potatoes: consumers who are dedicated tointeractive entertainment and willing to spend for the latest in “technotainment.” (Challenging; pp. 150)120.Each person’s distinct personality influences his or her buying behavior.Personality is usually described in terms of traits. What are these traits, and how do they affect the way people purchase items?Answer: Personality is described in terms of traits such as self-confidence,dominance, sociability, autonomy, defensiveness, adaptability, and aggressiveness.Personality can be useful in analyzing behavior for certain products. For example, coffee marketers have discovered that heavy coffee drinkers tend to be high onsociability.(Easy; p. 150)121.A brand personality is the specific mix of human traits that may be attributed to a particular brand. One researcher identified five brand personality traits. Name three of these traits, and tell about them.Answer: 1) Sincerity (down-to-earth, honest, wholesome, and cheerful). 2)Excitement (daring, spirited, imaginative, and up-to-date). 3) Competence (reliable, intelligent, and successful). 4) Sophistication (upper class and charming). 5)Ruggedness (outdoorsy and tough).(Moderate; pp. 150)122.The market leader will try to encourage habitual buying behavior by dominating shelf space, keeping shelves fully stocked, and running frequent reminderadvertising. What are three things that challenger firms will do to encouragevariety-seeking behavior by consumers?Answer: 1) Offer lower prices. 2) Offer special deals. 3) Offer coupons. 4) Offer free samples. 5) Run advertising that presents reasons for trying something new. (Easy; p. 157)21。

朗文英语六上chapter1复习.doc

朗文6A Chapter One 学习提要亲爱的同学们，学习了这个章节后，请按照要求检测你的学习结果吧～～Part A and BNew words and phrases（要求：知道中文意思，听懂，会读，会拼写。

）grow up 长大dream job 梦想职业(a) dentist 牙医(an) engineer 工程师(a) vet 兽医(a) fashion designer 时装设计师(an) astronaut 宇航员(an) inventor 发明家(a) pilot 飞行员(a) film director 电影导演explore space 探索太空look after animals 照顾动物fly planes 开飞机make films 拍电影build and repair things 建造、修理东西think up new things 想出新事情(事物)design new styles of clothes 设计新款服装take care of people’s teeth 爱护(呵护)人们的牙齿the winner of a drawing competition 绘画比赛获胜者（以下词汇要求：知道意思，会读，听得懂）theme 主题Sentences （要求：会读，知道其中文意思，会拼，会写，会运用。

）1.What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后想要做什么？2.I want to be an engineer. Engineer s build and repair things.我想做一名工程师。

工程师建造和修理东西。

3.I want to be a dentist. Dentist s take care of people’s teeth.我想成为一名牙医。

牙医爱护人们的牙齿。

4.I want to be an astronaut. Astronaut s explore space.我想做一名宇航员。

Chapter（9-13）复习题

Chapter（9-13）复习题Chapter（9－13）复习题1. Accounts receivable information for specific customers is important because it reveals:A. How much each customer has purchased on credit.B. How much each customer has paid.C. How much each customer still owes.D. The basis for sending bills to customers.E. All of these.2. The interest accrued on $6,500 at 6% for 60 days is:A. $ 36.B. $ 42.C. $ 65.D. $180.E. $420.3. The buyer who purchases and takes ownership of another company's accounts receivable is called a:A. Payer.B. Pledgor.C. Factor.D. Payee.E. Pledgee.4. The matching principle requires:A. That expenses be ignored if their effect on the financial statements is unimportant to users' business decisions.B. The use of the direct write-off method for bad debts.C. The use of the allowance method of accounting for bad debts.D. That bad debts be disclosed in the financial statements.E. That bad debts not be written off.5. The amount of bad debt expense can be estimated by:A. The percent of sales method.B. The percent of accounts receivable method.C. The aging of accounts receivable method.D. All of these.E. Only B and C.6. Failure by a promissory note's maker to pay the amount due at maturity is known as:A. Protesting a note.B. Closing a note.C. Dishonoring a note.D. Discounting a note.E. Depreciating a note.7. A company factored $45,000 of its accounts receivable and was charged a 3% factoring fee. The journal entry to record this transaction would include a:A. Debit to Cash of $45,000, a debit to Factoring Fee Expense of $1,350, and credit to Accounts Receivable of $43,650.B. Debit to Cash of $45,000 and a credit to Accounts Receivable of $45,000.C. Debit to Cash of $43,650, a debit to Factoring Fee Expense of $1,350, and a credit to Accounts Receivable of $45,000.D. Debit to Cash of $46,350 and a credit to Accounts Receivable of $46,350.E. Debit to Cash of $45,000 and a credit to Notes Payable of $45,000.8. MixRecording Studios purchased $7,800 in electronic components from TechCom. MixRecording Studios signed a 60-day, 10% promissory note for $7,800. If the note is dishonored,what is the amount due on the note?A. $130B. $7,800C. $7,930D. $8,050E. $8,1309. Plant assets are:A. Tangible assets used in the operation of a business that have a useful life of more than one accounting period.B. Current assets.C. Held for sale.D. Intangible assets used in the operations of a business that have a useful life of more than one accounting period.E. Tangible assets used in the operation of business that havea useful life of less than one accounting period.10. Depreciation:A. Measures the decline in market value of an asset.B. Measures physical deterioration of an asset.C. Is the process of allocating to expense the cost of a plant asset.D. Is an outflow of cash from the use of a plant asset.E. Is applied to land.11. Plant assets include:A. Land.B. Land improvements.C. Buildings.D. Machinery and equipment.E. All of these.12. Revenue expenditures:A. Are additional costs of plant assets that do not materiallyincrease the asset's life or its productive capabilities.B. Are known as balance sheet expenditures.C. Extend the asset's useful life.D. Substantially benefit future periods.E. Are debited to asset accounts.13. A company used straight-line depreciation for an item of equipment that cost $12,000, had a salvage value of $2,000, and had a five-year useful life. After depreciating the asset for three complete years, the salvage value was reduced to $1,200 and its total useful life was increased from 5 years to 6 years. Determine the amount of depreciation to be charged against the machine during each of the remaining years of its useful life:A. $1,000.B. $1,800.C. $1,467.D. $1,600.E. $2,160.14. A company purchased property for $100,000. The property included a building, a parking lot, and land. The building was appraised at $62,000; the land at $45,000, and the parking lot at $18,000. Land should be recorded in the accounting records with an allocated cost of:A. $ 0.B. $ 36,000.C. $ 42,000.D. $ 45,000.E. $100,000.15. An asset's book value is $18,000 on June 30, 2008. The asset is being depreciated at an annual rate of $3,000 on the straight-line method. Assuming the asset is sold on December 31,2009 for $15,000, the company should record:A. A loss on sale of $1,500.B. A gain on sale of $1,500.C. Neither a gain nor a loss is recognized on this type of transaction.D. A gain on sale of $3,000.E. A loss on sale of $3,000.16. A company purchased a mineral deposit for $800,000. It expects this property to produce 1,200,000 tons of ore and to have a salvage value of $50,000. In the current year, the company mined and sold 90,000 tons of ore. Its depletion expense for the current period equals:A. $ 15,000.B. $ 60,000.C. $150,000.D. $ 56,250.E. $139,500.17. The characteristics of a liability include:A. A past transaction or event.B. A present obligation.C. A future payment of assets or services.D. Both (a) and (b).E. All of these.18. Known liabilities:A. Include accounts payable, notes payable, and payroll.B. Are obligations set by agreements, contracts, or laws.C. Are measurable.D. Are definitely determinable.E. All of these.19. Unearned revenue is initially recognized with a:A. Credit to unearned revenue.B. Credit to revenue.C. Debit to revenue payable.D. Debit to revenue.E. Debit to unearned revenue.20. Uncertainties such as natural disasters:A. Are not contingent liabilities because they are future events not arising from past transactions or events.B. Are contingent liabilities because they are future events arising from past transactions or events.C. Should be disclosed because of their usefulness to financial statements.D. Are estimated liabilities because the amounts are uncertain.E. Arise out of transactions such as debt guarantees.21. On December 1, Martin Company signed a 90-day, 6% note payable, with a face value of $5,000. What amount of interest expense is accrued at December 31 on the note?A. $0B. $25C. $50D. $75E. $30022. On November 1, Carter Company signed a 120-day, 10% note payable, with a face value of $9,000. What is the maturity value of the note on March 1?A. $9,000B. $9,100C. $9,150D. $9,200E. $9,30023. A company sold $12,000 worth of trampolines with an extended warranty. It estimates that 2% of these sales will result in warranty work. The company should:A. Consider the warranty expense a remote liability since the rate is only 2%.B. Recognize warranty expense at the time the warranty work is performed.C. Recognize warranty expense and liability in the year of the sale.D. Consider the warranty expense a contingent liability.E. Recognize warranty liability when the company purchases the trampolines.24. Maryland Company offers a bonus plan to its employees equal to 3% of net income. Maryland's net income is expected to be $960,000. The amount of the employee bonus expense is estimated to beA. $27,961B. $28,800C. $29,000D. $29,691E. $30,00025. Bonds with a par value of less than $1,000 are known as:A. Junk bonds.B. Baby bonds.C. Callable bonds.D. Unsecured bonds.E. Convertible bonds.26. Promissory notes that require the issuer to make a series of payments consisting of both interest and principal are:A. Debentures.B. Discounted notes.C. Installment notes.D. Indentures.E. Investment notes.27. A disadvantage of bonds is:A. Bonds require payment of periodic interest.B. Bonds require payment of principal.C. Bonds can decrease return on equity.D. Bond payments can be burdensome when income and cash flow are low.E. All of these.28. When a bond sells at a premium:A. The contract rate is above the market rate.B. The contract rate is equal to the market rate.C. The contract rate is below the market rate.D. It means that the bond is a zero coupon bond.E. The bond pays no interest.29. On January 1 of Year 1, Drum Line Airways issued $3,500,000 of par value bonds for $3,200,000. The bonds pay interest semiannually on January 1 and July 1. The contract rate of interest is 7% while the market rate of interest for similar bonds is 8%. The bond premium or discount is being amortized at a rate of $10,000 every six months.The amount of interest expense recognized by Drum Line Airways on the bond issue in Year 1 would be:A. $132,500.B. $225,000.C. $265,000.D. $245,000.E. $280,000.30. On January 1 of Year 1, Drum Line Airways issued $3,500,000 of par value bonds for $3,200,000. The bonds pay interest semiannually on January 1 and July 1. The contract rate of interest is 7% while the market rate of interest for similar bonds is 8%. The bond premium or discount is being amortized using the straight-line method at a rate of $10,000 every six months. The life of these bonds is:A. 15 years.B. 30 years.C. 26.5 years.D. 32 yearsE. 35 years.31. A company issued 5-year, 7% bonds with a par value of $100,000. The company received $97,947 for the bonds. Using the straight-line method, the amount of interest expense for the first semiannual interest period is:A. $3,294.70.B. $3,500.00.C. $3,705.30.D. $7,000.00.E. $7,410.60.32. A company issues at par 9% bonds with a par value of $100,000 on April 1, which is 4 months after the most recent interest date. How much total cash interest is received on April 1 by the bond issuer?A. $ 750.B. $5,250.C. $1,500.D. $3,000.E. $6,000.33. Short-term investments:A. Are securities that management intends to convert to cash within the longer of one year or the current operating cycle, and are readily convertible to cash.B. Include funds earmarked for a special purpose such as bond sinking funds.C. Include stocks not intended to be converted into cash.D. Include bonds not intended to be converted into cash.E. Include sinking funds not intended to be converted into cash.34. A company paid $37,800 plus a broker's fee of $525 to acquire 8% bonds with a $40,000 maturity value. The company intends to hold the bonds to maturity. The cash proceeds the company will receive when the bonds mature equal:A. $37,800.B. $38,325.C. $40,000.D. $40,525.E. $43,200.35. Accounting for long-term investments in equity securities with controlling influence uses the:A. Controlling method.B. Equity method with consolidation.C. Investor method.D. Investment method.E. Consolidated method.36. An investor purchased $75,000 Cort's 8%, three-year bonds payable on April 1, 2008. The bonds pay interest semiannually on June 1 and December 1. Cort plans to hold thebonds until they mature. When the bonds mature, Cort should prepare the following journal entry:A. debit Long-Term Investments–HTM, $75,000; credit Cash, $75,000.B. debit Cash, $6,000; credit, Unrealized Gain-Equity, $6,000.C. debit Cash, $75,000; credit Long-Term Investments—HTM, $75,000.D. debit Unrealized Gain-Equity, $6,000; credit Cash, $6,000.E. debit Cash, $75,000; credit Long-T erm Investments—AFS, $75,000.37. On July 31, Beatrice Co. purchased 2,000 shares of SimmTech stock for $16,000. This investment is considered to be an available-for-sale investment. On October 31, which is Beatrice's year-end, the stock had a market value of $20,000. Beatrice should record a:A. Credit to Unrealized Gain-Equity for $4,000.B. Credit to Market Adjustment –Available-for-Sale for $4,000.C. Credit to Investment Revenue for $4,000.D. Debit to Investment Revenue for $4,000.E. Debit to Unrealized Gain-Equity for $4,000.38. Clark Corporation purchased 40% of IT Corporation for $125,000 on January 1. On May 20 of the same year, IT Corporation declared total cash dividends of $30,000. At year-end, IT Corporation reported net income of $150,000. The balance in Clark Corporation's Long–Term Investment in IT Corporation account as of December 31 should be:A. $ 77,000.B. $125,000.C. $173,000.D. $197,000.E. $370,000.39. Everrine Corporation owns 30% of JRW Corporation. Everrine Corporation received $9,000 in cash dividends from JRW Corporation. The entry to record receipt of these dividends is:A. Debit Cash, $9,000; credit Long-Term Investments, $9,000.B. Debt Long-Term Investment, $9,000; credit Cash, $9000.C. Debit Cash, $9,000; credit Interest Revenue, $9,000.D. Debit Unrealized Gain-Equity, $9,000; credit Cash, $9,000.E. Debit Cash, $9,000; credit Unrealized Gain-Equity, $9,000.40. Long-term investments can include:A. Held-to-maturity debt securities.B. Available-for-sale debt securities.C. Available-for-sale equity securities.D. Equity securities giving an investor significant influence over an investee.E. All of these.41. Investments can be classified as:A. Trading securities.B. Held-to-maturity debt securities.C. Available-for-sale debt securities.D. Available-for-sale equity securities.E. All of these.。

各章练习与参考答案 chapter4

各章练习及参考答案Chapter 4. British Economy课堂练习句子翻译1.作为一个重要的贸易实体、经济强国和世界金融中心，英国是全球最富裕、经济最发达和生活水平最高的国家之一。

As an important trading entity, economic power and financial center, Britain is one of the world’s most wealthy and economically developed countries with th e highest living standards.2.英国的农业以高效率著称。

它高度集约化和机械化，只用约1%的劳动人口就能满足大约60%的食品需要。

Britain’s agriculture is renowned for efficiency. It is highly intensive and mechanical, producing about 60% of food needs with about 1% of its labor force.3.英国首都伦敦是全球两大国际金融中心之一，和纽约齐名。

它拥有现代化的金融服务体系，从事跨国银行借贷、国际债券发行、基金投资等业务。

London, the capital city of the UK, is one of the two global financial centers, alongside New York. It has a modern system of financial services, conducting business in international banking intermediation, international bond issues, fund investment, etc.课后练习I.1.retain2.radiating3.notable4.hub5.accountable6.tackling7.congestion8.adequate9.exchange10.significanceII.1. F2.T3. F4.T5.TIII.1.外汇交易2.由…主导3.总值4.超过5.服务业6.financial intermediation7.real estate and letting8.property investment9.wholesale and retail trade10.exchange rate。