修辞学期末论文

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修辞学论文

The use of hyperbole and understate经管学院0703 向阳学号：2007102040345 Hyperbole and understate are be used in literature broad.we should grasp this two kinds of rhetorical devices and can use them skillfully in our writing.They can let our article become more attractive.The definition of hyperbole is the extravagant exaggeration of fact or of possibility according to which a person or thing is depicted as being better or worse or larger or smaller that is actually the case. It may be used either for serious or ironic or comic effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. About hyperbole a recognized figure of rhetoric, meaning an extravagant statement or assertion, which, when used for conscious effect, is not to be taken too seriously or too literally. Yet the hyperbole is often used unconsciously by the men of vivid yet unbalanced imagination whom the world sometimes calls liars and sometimes fools.But understatement is a form of speech which contains an expression of less strength than would be expected. This is not to be confused with euphemism, where a polite phrase is used in place of a harsher or more offensive expression.Hyperbole is the polished mirror into which the black imagination gazes with every other rhyme, laughing as it sees itself refracted and distorted in a phantasmagorial kaleidoscope. The language of hyperbole amplifies reality by carrying us beyond the boundaries of rational thought .there are some examples about hyperbole:These books weigh a ton. (weigh a great deal)I could sleep for a year. (for a long time)I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse. No really, I could eat a whole live horse. I am hungry. (eat a lot)I'm doing like 15 million things right now. (busy)Boston State-House is the hub of the solar system. (an important place)"Ladies and gentlemen, I've been to Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan, and I can say without hyperbole that this is a million times worse than all of them put together." (using hyperbole to illustrate the use of hyperbole) (-Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., "The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table," Ch. 6)These images defy rational understanding and a square, sane conception of space; but they convey, in no uncertain terms, the absolute absence of height. Hyperbole makes extraordinary demands on the imagination.Your mama's hair is so short she could stand on her head and her hair wouldn't touch the ground. . . .Your father is so low he has to look up to tie his shoes.You're so low down you need an umbrella to protect yourself from ant piss.The trick to effective hyperbole is to give an original twist to obviously fanciful overstatement. For example ,i had walk a million miles for one of your smiles' would no longer impress Mammy, but Raymond Chandler's 'She was blonde enough to make a bishop kick a hole through a stained-glass window' still has that crisp crunch offreshness."Understatement is a staple of humor in English-speaking cultures, especially in British humor. For example, in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life, a suburban dinner party is invaded by Death, who wears a long black cloak and carries a scythe. He is the Grim Reaper; the party is over; the guests must all go with him. "Well," says one party guest, "that's cast rather a gloom over the evening, hasn't it?" In another scene, an Army officer has just lost his leg. When asked how he feels, he looks down at his bloody stump and responds, "Stings a bit" there are some examples about use of understatement :•"It's just a flesh wound."(Black Knight, after having both arms cut off, in Monty Python and the Holy Grail)•"The grave's a fine and private place,But none, I think, do there embrace."(Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress")•"I am just going outside and may be some time."(Captain Lawrence Oates, Antarctic explorer, before walking out into a blizzard to face certain death, 1912)•"A soiled baby, with a neglected nose, cannot be conscientiously regarded as a thing of beauty."(Mark Twain)•"This [double helix] structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest."(J. Watson and F. Crick)•"I have to have this operation. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain."(Holden Caulfield in The Catcher In The Rye, by J. D. Salinger)•"The new EU member states of Poland and Lithuania have been arguing this week for the summit to be called off, and criticizing the German preparations. For historical reasons, the east Europeans are highly sensitive to any sign of Germany cutting deals with Russia over their heads."(The Guardian, May 17, 2007)•"Well, that's cast rather a gloom over the evening, hasn't it?"(Dinner guest, after a visit from the Grim Reaper, in Monty Python's The Meaning of Life)Hyperbole means exaggeration-going over the top .Understate is just the opposite-toning down the situation.To practice hyperbole,take a few common actions,people or things and make them much more than they really are . Such as; atoll man , a deep pool,a firm handshake,a pleasant song .You can compare the item to something else.For example,he is as big as a elephant's rear.otherwise ,you also can increase its size or number.If there are five ants crawling in your desk, you can exaggerate by saying there are one thousand .Whereas hyperbole take something ordinary and exaggerates it ,understatement can take something outrageous and make it seem ordinary .For instance,if you were standing on the deck of the Titanic as it was sinking ,and said "well this is a bit of bad luck "you would be understating a very serious situation.。

修辞学论文

摘要:反语，我们通常所说的“说反话”，是一种话语的显义与隐义或命题内容与实际内容相反的修辞格。

主要分为言语反语，戏剧性反语和情景反语。

反语在我们生活中的运用随处可见。

当你想要直接表达禁止和压制时，可以用反语表达正面的意思。

当你面对荒谬，不硬加驳斥，而是谬上加谬使其荒诞之处极端放大而达到归谬目的。

当你正面语言难以表达强烈情绪之时，反语的表达可以加强效果。

也可以运用反语颠覆既定习惯，产生幽默的效果。

关键字：言语反语戏剧性反语情景反语一，言语反语（verbal irony）言语反语，即用与真正想要表达的意思相反的措辞来表达说话人意思。

如：Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act. (盗窃寡妇的存款真是够高尚的了)。

这里的noble实指mean,是对盗窃行为的讽刺。

另一方面，言语反语也可通过某些程度副词really, indeed, sure 等词来体现。

如：Jerry, failed in his exams for several courses . One of his classmates said to others :“He is really a genius.”不言而喻，从常理分析，谁都不会认为多门功课不及格的人是天才。

从句式来看，言语反语除了用陈述句外还可通过感叹句或修辞问句来体现。

如：a: A fine daughter you raised. (你可养了个好闺女)b: Why do you come so soon? (你怎么来的这么早)c: If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarette, don’t listen to it .They are probably trying to trick you into living.(如果有人苦口婆心的劝你戒烟，不要理他们，他们大概是想骗你活的长久些)d:当天气阻碍了你的出行，我们通常说“What a fine day!”这里所说的fine实际上是想说“bad”“awful”“abominable”（一）通过否定话语间接表达喜爱或赞扬等肯定态度或善意的幽默亲人和朋友之间常会用一些反语来表达一种唯有亲人朋友才能体会到的真实情感，达到意想不到的真实效果。

修辞学论文

修辞学论文浅谈《红楼梦》诗词中的引用修辞修辞学是一门门语言修辞的学问，修辞加强言辞或文句效果的功能需要通过比喻、排比、引用等具体的修辞手法来体现。

其中，引用作为修辞手法中非常重要的一类，在文学作品中有大量的应用。

《红楼梦》被称为我国封建社会的百科全书，不论是其本身的文学价值还是其中诗词歌赋、市井文化、中医养生都给后代留下了很大的研究空间。

曹雪芹在《红楼梦》中所写的诗词，有的出于仙道之口，有的出于大家闺秀之口，还有的出于纨绔子弟之口，各具情态，所用的修辞更是数不胜数，引用便是出现多次的一种。

引用，引用是指写文章时，有意引用现成语、诗句、格言、典故等，以表达自己的思想感情，说明自己对新问题、新道理的见解，这种修辞手法叫引用。

引用又分为很多种类。

根据作者引用的意图可以分为正引和反引。

正引又称“正用”，就是引用者对所引用的语句持肯定的态度，用在引文与原文意思相一致的场合。

正引一般是用来印证自己的观点，表达自己的思想感情。

它既可以是明引，也可以是暗引。

反引又称“反用”，就是引用者对所引用的语句加以评判，持否定的态度，即所使用的意思与原来的意思是相反的，以达到标新立异，或起到讽刺的作用。

反用从形式上还可以分为三类。

第一类是照录原文，然后对原文加以否定或修正;第二类是直接改动原文，使本文所用的意思与原文相反;第三类是引出原文的大意，然后再提出异议。

而根据作者引用的方式可以分为直接引用和间接引用。

直接引用多见于专著、论文集、学位论文、报告和论文集中的析出文献等。

此外，根据所引出处是否明示而言，有明引与暗引之别;按照所引文字与原文有无差异来说，有直引与意引之分;凭依所引出处或主旨正确与否立论，有确引与讹引之异。

要论《红楼梦》中的才女，就不得不提黛玉。

曹雪芹对林黛玉这一形象的塑造在一开篇就已明写出她从小就已经受到良好的教育这不同于同时代的其他女性，甚至不同于同是书中人物的贾府四春。

贾雨村也正是因为是林黛玉的老师才得到林如海的引荐，包括托付送黛玉进贾府。

修辞学论文 (最终版)

现代汉语修辞学期末论文题目：论“轻语言”中的“双关”修辞*****学院：人文学院系：中文系汉语言年级：2012学号：**************2014 年 5月论“轻语言”中的“双关”修辞摘要：由于现代媒体的不断发展和普及，小说、散文、戏曲等传统文体已渐渐淡出我们的生活，取而代之的是新媒介带来的新语体。

无论是在电视上、电脑上还是手机上，我们的每天的生活都被大量的广告、短信或者评论充斥着，我暂且称这些新语体为“轻语言”。

“轻语言”的发展不仅体现了时代的进步，还体现了语言修辞方面的革新。

尤其是“双关”修辞的运用最为广泛，收到接受者和传播者的双重青睐。

本文将从“轻语言”角度，并结合“双关”修辞的相关定义来阐述三个问题：1、“轻语言”中“双关”修辞的运用有哪些？具体包括“双关”理论的阐述及其分类。

2、“双关”修辞的作用以及为何受到大众青睐？3、“双关”修辞将何去何从？4、“谐音双关”与“同音仿词”之间的差别？希望本文对“双关”修辞的论述能加深我们对现行双关语的认识，而且能更好的运用双关语。

第一节“轻语言”简介“轻语言”是“轻小说”的结构变体，但其意义是相对于小说、散文等传统文体提出的概念，是当下流行于大众媒体中的广告语、短信语、评论语、标语等一类新兴的语体的总称。

从字面意思上看，“轻语言”有轻视语言的意义，但实际上是相对于传统的以书面传播为主、篇幅较大的文体而言的一种文体，“轻语言”的特点有，以现代媒介传播为主、篇幅较小、语体修辞较丰富多样、受当代大众喜爱、流传较快较广的一种文体。

“轻语言”包括，广告语、短信语、标语、评论语等语体。

第二节“双关”修辞概况一、“双关”的概念“双关”顾名思义就是使语句同时兼有双重意义，达到一箭双雕的效果。

关于“双关”的概念，各大家对其释义有些差别。

我们可以总结为几点：1、传统释义：双关是一种富有技巧性和创造性的修辞手段，它是一个具有表层含义和深层含义的词句，其中深层含义是主要表达的含义。

修辞学论文

课程名称：修辞学院系：外语学院翻译系班级：13级4班姓名：蒋亦文学号：13350211676/2/2015Peer PressureWhen it comes to peers, especially peers among children, things have changed over the decades. Harmony has been replaced by struggles just as kindness has been replaced by competition.Admittedly, [1] t oday’s society is a dog-eat-dog battlefield(Metaphor暗喻), and w hat’s worse，a lot of us are in favor of such pressure and take it for granted without self-consciousness. For my part, I firmly against peer pressureand I think the reasons I maintained my position can be best understood by examining the arguments that are most frequently heard in opposition.1.The so-called “strawberry generation” needs to grow up.It is widely accepted that the offspring of Chinese is growing weaker and weaker, [2]in fact (Expletive), [3] children today are just like the strawberries. (Simile明喻) [4]They are extremely tender-hearted and easy to squeeze and unable to conquer hardships in their daily life.( Polysyndeton连词叠用) So thosewho think that peer pressure is good for children’s growth must consider it one of the most effective ways to enhance children’s competition. To some extent, it is true, but not completely. Children should grow mature through their own experiences instead of being forced to grow mature by such pressure,just as one sentence from the composition of my sister’s committed to my memory, [5]“Growth is such sweet pain for me, (Oxymoron 矛盾形容法，逆喻)[]and it seems that I am spending all my time learning. (Hyperbole 夸张)[6] I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry(Climax层进法anti-climax), but I really do not like study. I am tired of going to school every day [7] dressed in uniform and managed smile.(Zeugma軛式搭配法，用一个动词或形容词勉强修饰两个形容词，其中所修饰或支配的只有一个是合乎逻辑的) ”And parents are not qualified enough if they failed to bring happiness to their children’s childhood, because that is extremely unhealthy for their children’s psychological development.2.Peer pressure is good to strengthen the average level of teenagers. Admittedly, to some extent, this statement is reasonable, however, [8]hasthis ever occurred to you what if all the children followed the stereotype and became complete clones of each other? (Hypophora设问)[9]It ispeer pressure that kills individuality and diversity(Personification拟人).In order to live up to their parents’ and teachers’ expectations, they can’t be capricious and follow their hearts todo the things they really want. For example, a six- year-old boy is weak at studying but does well in playing the piano, however, in Chinese history, whether in ancient or current times, studying is always the first choice for a child, and[4]I can imagine that the boy’s mother would yell and scold andadvise him to give up playing that instrument (Polysyndeton), [9]“that stupid piano”(Personification), she would say, in fact,anything that has nothing to do with study is considered nonsense in our culture. It is a common practice for the boy’s mother to advise him spare more time s tudying instead of playing the piano. Maybe even, she would owe h er son’s weakness in study to the piano. In this way, without self-consciousness, the mother may destroy the next Mozart.3.Peer pressure can expose children to our society earlier. Yes, that is true, but when our society has become a battlefield, our children being exposed to it too early won’t get them anywhere. Because under pee r pressure, they had no choice but to compete against each other, we can imagine that during students’ growing periods, certain defects in psychological and physical would arise sooner or later. In this respect, they are not fully developed. So as teachers and parents, if you want to toughen them, it is better to ask your children to accomplish things alone, like to be volunteers or to go travelling on their own. All in all, it is the last choice for you to compare them with the other children because their opinions and values can be easily twisted through comparing. Please do not allow peer pressure to be the cause of children’s miseries in their childhood.Peer pressure set me thinking, wondering why we human beings [10]who claimed ourselves to be the most brilliant, industrious, and sensitive creatures(parallel structure平行结构)that are in possession of so many deep thoughts are losing our humanity and changing ourselves into completely fierce animals at certain time and circumstance. I think that we should always bear it in mind that[11]we are the people who once observe the traditional Chinese philosophy of co-existence, we are the people who saw to it that The Doctrine of Mean never went out of print (Anaphora首语重复法，指同一单词或短语出现在连续数句的开头).Above all, I think peer pressure does [12]no good(Litotes反叙法)to students and certain changes must take place to alter the current situation. I invite family and schools and society to fight together and shoulder your responsibilities andto create a better environment for our children to grow up in and I believe in that way we’ll cultivate a lot of [13]great minds (Synecdoche提喻法)to serve the mankind.Analysis :Throughout the passage, I developed 13 English rhetoric devices, they are helpful in making our language more vivid and keeping our reader’s attention.Firstly, metaphor is like a simile making a comparison between two unlike elements,and this comparison is implied rather than stated. Then comes the use of expletive, it is for the emphasis of the tone.Polysyndetonis a figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions not normally found in successive words, phrase or clauses, and greatly enriched the essay’s expressions. Oxymoron is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory terms, and then I used hyperbole, which is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis and polish the paragragh.Climax implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almostuniform rate of significance or intensity and helps to create the most excellent part. Zeugma is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, with properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses.Hypophora is a figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and the answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to his own questions. Personification gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions. Parallel structure is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. Anaphora is the device which successive clauses or sentences start with the same words.Euphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. Litotes is a figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its oppose. Lastly, Synecdoche is some kind of generalization or specification that involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part, “great minds” ref er to people who are cultivated and civilized and are able to serve our planet.That’s all for my analysis, hope you like it！。

修辞学论文

试析口语词汇在报刊语言中的修辞效果关键词：口语报刊语言修辞报刊语言是我们经常接触的一种语言，虽然它有很强的政治色彩，但是它的主要功能在于感染大众，把信息传达给人们，因此在报刊语言中我们会接触到一些口语词汇。

而这些口语词会达到作者想要表达的意思和效果，也会有一些修辞效果。

本文收集一些在报刊语言中使用的口语词汇，试图分析一下这些词汇所传达出的修辞效果。

语言是交际的工具，交际功能是语言的首要功能，要达到交际目的，必须了解词汇运用的情况，根据交际的需要分别选用。

为了使我们的语言能切合主题，恰当地传情达意，不仅需要语音、词汇、语法知识，还应研究语言单位的各种附加意义，了解不同交际领域的语言运用规律。

而这些问题恰恰是修辞学研究的范畴。

修辞学就是研究标准语语言手段的修辞性能以及根据题旨情境使用语言规律的一门语言学科。

报刊语言作为一种重要的语言形式为大众所熟知。

报刊语言以广大读者、听众为交际对象。

为了达到交际目的，在内容上要适合大众的接受水平。

因此，报刊语言比较大众化。

报刊中的词汇除了包括书面语，也运用大量的口语甚至是俗语，这是为了达到特殊的修辞效果。

因此，报刊语言中渗透了大量的口语。

在社会迅速发展、信息大爆炸的今天，报刊作为一种重要的传播媒介也紧跟时代，大量吸收口语和俚语词汇。

一些口语词汇用到报刊当中会使报刊语言产生简短灵活、形象生动、生活气息浓厚和感情丰富等语言特征。

这一语言现象充分体现了各语体相互交叉的原则和语言的经济原则。

在俄罗斯报刊上，使用口语俗语词汇频率极高，他们用来提高报刊语言的表现力，使之更具感染力。

本文将从动态的角度考虑报刊语言中的口语词汇。

1 使报刊语言具有通俗易懂、无拘无束的言语情调。

报刊语言，为了内容和语言的大众化，大量使用通俗活泼的日常口语词汇。

如：И вот сейчас меня мучает совесть.Незаслуженно получаю 86 рэв месяц,я уже “съел” таким образом более тысяч народных рублей. (《Учительская газета》)口语词рэ (р-рубль)生活气息很浓。

修辞学论文赵本山小品修辞手法分析

修辞学论文班级：A1012 姓名：饶莎学号：31A Rhetorical Analysis of Zhao Benshan’s Comic SketchesAbstract: Zhao Benshan, a brilliant comic sketch artist, has impressed and overwhelmed hundreds of millions of television audience with his unique sense of humor, most of his roles being a typical peasant in Northern China. Knowing the ropes of delivering the punchline, he put his interpretation of life and society into comic sketch, thus creating his individual style. The great popularity of his works occurs For many reason. For one thing , their focus on things from everydaylife panders to the public's taste and refresh their aesthetic experience. On the other hand, it illustrates some simple and obvious truths in our life either in an exaggerated way or via soft irony which initiate reflections from the audience While they are all infected bythe vivid and excellent performance. In addition, the vivid and humorous language applied is of clear-cut catchy and rhythm,many of which turnout to become social catchwords. All these actually are closely linkedto the language skills within, which become the most appealing and outstanding part of his works. Looking into the language part, we find that he manages an comprehensive application of rhetorical devices, to name a few, antithesis, parallelism and so on, to organize his humorous lines. Remarkable mastering in language skills as well as experienced employment of rhetorical skills highlight the humor to the most ideal result. This paper aims to explain the unique glamour of rhetoric in performing humor through detailed analysis of elaborately chosen language in Zhao Benshan's sketches .Key words: comic sketch ; language ; humor; rhetorical devices .I IntroductionAs one of the most influential successors of comic sketch withlocal characteristic in Northeast China, Zhao Benshan has made his unique humor style sweep the whole country with his stepping onto stage of the Spring Festival , upgrading its initial regional popularity. Since Zhao Benshan brought his comic sketch on that stage in 1990, it had ranked top of the excellent shows For three consecutive years and remained its fantastic popularity in the next decade among the audience.MeanWhile, his humor had gradually moulded out with steadystyle called Zhao's humor. It is without doubt that language plays an important role in displaying the artistic charm of comic sketch. Comic sketch is short and refined, embodying certain mental philosophy and subtle comedy, both of which involved in that mere ten-minute show, which entails careful and repeated selection on words . In order to make the audience laugh from the heart , every single dialogue has to go through repeated deliberation.Centering on Zhao Benshan’s comic sketches,this paper lists substantial examples to appreciate linguistic humor from the perspective of rhetoric .II Rhetorical devices and case study in Zhao Benshan’s comic sketchesThere are many rhetorical devices used in Zhao Benshan’s comic sketches, but I just want to illustrate four of them, antithesis, parallelism, pun and parody, For all of the four constitute the commonly applied figures of speech in his works and thus play crucial roles .1. AntithesisIn the comic sketch Yesterday Today Tomorrow played in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala of 1999, a few lines are approximately equal to neater regulated verse in modern style .Black（黑土）(played by Zhao Benshan): 改革春风吹进门，中国人民抖精神。

语言修辞论文总结范文

摘要：本文旨在探讨语言修辞在文学作品中的运用及其产生的艺术效果。

通过对几部经典文学作品的分析，总结出语言修辞在塑造人物形象、营造氛围、表达主题等方面的作用，并探讨其在现代文学创作中的重要性。

一、引言语言修辞是文学创作中不可或缺的技巧，它通过对语言文字的精心雕琢，使作品更具艺术感染力。

在文学作品中，修辞手法不仅能够丰富语言表达，还能增强作品的艺术效果。

本文将从以下几个方面对语言修辞在文学作品中的运用进行总结和分析。

二、语言修辞在塑造人物形象方面的作用1. 比喻：比喻是语言修辞中常用的一种手法，通过将两个事物进行类比，使人物形象更加鲜明。

如《红楼梦》中，将贾宝玉比作“顽石”，既突出了他的性格特点，又暗示了其身世之谜。

2. 借代：借代是指用一种事物代替另一种事物，使人物形象更加生动。

如《水浒传》中，将梁山好汉称为“好汉”，既表达了他们的英雄气概，又突显了他们的身份地位。

3. 拟人：拟人是将人的特征赋予非人物，使人物形象更加丰满。

如《三国演义》中，将曹操称为“奸雄”，既描绘了他的狡诈多疑，又彰显了他的野心。

三、语言修辞在营造氛围方面的作用1. 排比：排比是一种修辞手法，通过将几个结构相同、语气一致的句子并列，增强语言的表现力。

如《平凡的世界》中，通过对家庭生活的描写，运用排比手法，营造出温馨、和谐的气氛。

2. 设问：设问是一种反问的修辞手法，通过提问引起读者的思考，增强作品的思想深度。

如《围城》中，通过对主人公方鸿渐的设问，揭示了人性的复杂与矛盾。

3. 比拟：比拟是一种将两个事物进行对比的修辞手法，使读者在对比中感受到作品的氛围。

如《骆驼祥子》中，通过对祥子与骆驼的比拟，展现了祥子坚韧不拔的精神风貌。

四、语言修辞在表达主题方面的作用1. 对比：对比是一种将两个事物进行对比的修辞手法，使作品的主题更加鲜明。

如《红楼梦》中，通过对贾宝玉与林黛玉、薛宝钗之间的对比，揭示了封建社会的虚伪与丑恶。

2. 比喻：比喻是一种将两个事物进行类比的修辞手法，使作品的主题更加深刻。

修辞学小论文

修辞学小论文：浅析网络流行语以及其发展趋势自从上个世纪九十年代，网络传入中国之后，短短的二十年间，网络在我们的生活当中，充着越来越重要的角色。

网络不仅仅丰富了我们的生活，让我们的生活更加地多姿多彩，还缩短了人与人之间的时间空间距离，让朋友跟朋友，亲人跟亲人的联系更加方便。

所有的事情都是有利有弊的，在网络发达的今天，走在街头，越来越多的“低头族”，中小学里面，越来越多带眼镜的学生。

网络发达的今天，运用应该要慎重。

在这里，我们要讨论的是在网络发达之下的衍生物————热门网络流行语以及其发展趋势。

对于网络流行语，每天都在运用网络（有些朋友甚至是严重依赖）的我们并不陌生。

近几年来，先是QQ，再到微博、微信等通讯软件的兴起，网络流行语也应运而生。

在我的记忆当中，中国大陆最早的网络流行语应该就是“火星文”吧。

“火星文”源自台湾，随着《劲舞团》等网游在大陆的流行，这一潮流随着网游等渠道进入大陆，一部分网友开始延续这种独特的文字，并自创了适合简体中文发挥的输入方式，比如“劳エ”(老公)、“侽喷叐”(男朋友)、“蒶ロ耐·”（很可爱），迅速在当时的游戏玩家中兴起来，当时作为青少年的80后是这一网络流行语的主要传播者，通过当时最热门的通讯软件，迅速在少年群体当中热起来。

纵观近几年的网络流行语，跟网络前期发展时期的不一样，所用的群体不再单一化，整个受众各个职业，各个年龄段的都有，并且，网络用语的主题不再是拗口难懂的文字，有些甚至是声情并茂的，带有音调语调的。

现在的网络流行语随着网络传播的越来越完善，传播的速度极其迅速，例如：网络流行语“DUANG”，意思是“加特效”，含戏虐性“很好玩”味道。

2015年2月24日前后，一部由成龙代言的曾被工商部门打假的广告再次被网友们挖出来进行了新一轮恶搞。

而这次恶搞的主要内容则是将成龙和庞麦郎的《我的滑板鞋》进行了神一般的同步成《我的洗发水》，一句“Duang”成了网络上最新最热门的词语。

英语修辞学期末小论文

英语修辞学期末小论文Where Do We Go From Here (Original Text, Abridged)Martin Luther KingSo, I conclude by saying again today that we have a task and let us go out with a "divi ne dissatisfaction." Let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a high blo od pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic wa lls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Let us be dissati sfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope are brought into the metropolis of da ily security. Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history, an d every family is living in a decent sanitary home. Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem b ut as an opportunity to participate in the beauty of diversity. Let us be dissatisfied unti l men and women, however black they may be, will be judged on the basis of the cont ent of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin. Let us be dissatisfi ed. Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses a governor who will do justly , who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a m ighty stream. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. And every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Let us be dissatisfied. And men will recognize that out of one blood God ma de all men to dwellupon the face of the earth. Let us be dissatisfied until that day whe n nobody will shout "White Power!" - When nobody will shout "Black Power!" - But everybody will talk about God's power and human power.Let this affirmation be our ringing cry. It will give us the courage to face the uncertain ties of the future. It will give our tired feet new strength as we continue our forward st ride toward the city of freedom. When our days become dreary with low hovering clo uds of despair, and when our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us r emember that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigan tic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. Let us realize the arc of the moral universe is l ong but it bends toward justice.Appreciation of the Rhetorical Devices Using in Where Do We Go From HereAs we all known that the speeches of Martin Luther King are studied by English-learners all over the world, because the using of rhetorical devices makes his speeches vivid, attractive and with the power of encouraging people’s spirit. I choose two typical paragraphs of his famous speech where do we go from here to analysis and appreciate the skillful using of his rhetorical devices and the effect they made.In this speech, the author writes that let us be dissatisfied until America will no longer have a blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. This sentence is the typical use of metaphor. Metaphor is a linguistic process used to make comparisons between the attributes of one thing and something else, and the more complex form of metaphor, embedded metaphor is used inthis sentence. The tenor is creeds and deeds, while blood pressure and anemia are used to describe the behaviors of white people. The authorities of America are good at making promise to black people, but fail to realize their commitment, and the black people still can’t get the equity and civil power which are guaranteed by the American charter. We can find that the ironical effect is very significant. He uses blood pressure to describe white people’s emotional and enthusiastic in making commitments to black people, which is more attractive and vivid. Blood pressure and anemia are easily understood by ordinary people, which arouse listeners’ sympathy to his idea.The using of transferred epithet is also a bright spot in this speech. The author writes that let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty. Transferred epithet means that an adjective or descriptive phrase is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really apply or belong. We all know that there are two special kinds of transferred epithet, synaesthesia and empathy. Empathy is employed here, because the word tragic is used to describe the suffering that separation brought to black people, but in here it used to describe the wall. Transferred epithet is a charming rhetorical device, for it seems that the adjective is wrongly used, but it actually constitutes a special and active context. For instance, in this sentence, we can feel the strong rage and disappointment of Martin Luther King and mass black people. The gap between the poverty of black people and the comfort of white people is dramatic. Tragic thing is not the wall but the unfair situation toward black people, and the situation can’t be improved in a short time. Transferred epithet can make ourlanguage delicate, which may not common used as metaphor and simile, but it can strengthen the profundity of our passage and we should learn to use it freely.Another special rhetorical device synecdoche is employed by author: let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall…. Synecdoche may not be familiar to many learners. It uses a part of one thing to represent the whole, or uses the whole to represent a part. Here a part for the whole is used. We know that city hall is a building where municipal government lies: it’s the best symbol of municipal government. By using this method the la nguage of this speech is become charming and lively. It’s more close to our everyday life, which is the demand of a high-value speech. Synecdoche is widely used in passages. For example, in the New Testament there is asentence, Silver and gold have I none. Here silver and gold are used to represent fortune, which is very vivid. In speech and oral language this rhetorical device is especially highly valued.Simile may be the most often used rhetorical device in our writings. We can find plenty of similes in King’s speech, which directly enhance the liveliness of his language. Just set this sentence as example; let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like water and righteousness like a mighty stream. Simile is a way of comparing one thing with another by showing how it is similar to another thing. It explicitly signals itself in a text, with the words as or like. In this sentence, the tenor is justice and righteousness; the vehicle is water and stream; the corresponding is like, and the ground tremendous figure of both. The author expresses his hope to let real equity and civil right come to mass black people. This kind of equity is constrainted so long and just let it blast like water and mightystream. The advantage and effect of the using of simile are apparent; for it makes a picture in listeners’ mind and makes them have the interest to concentrate their attention.Allusion is also a rhetorical device appreciated by King, and he used this device in many places in his speech. For example, let us be dissatisfied until that day when lion and the lamb shall lie down together, and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Allusion is references to well-known persons, things, or events that writers assure are familiar to their readers. The phrase, lion and lamb lie down together, and vine and fig tree are all come from the Bible. By this way, King describes an ideal world for the struggling black people. Bible is familiar and authoritative to Western people, which increases the convincing of his language at the same time. The stories in allusion usually have some deep meaning or historical origin. It needs college students to understand the related knowledge and then master the use of allusion.In addition, the rhetorical device, antithesis is also easily found in King’s speech. Let us look at this sentence, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. The phrase dark yesterdays and bright tomorrows form the antithesis. By this way the structure is well-organized and the rhythm is formed. Bright and dark, yesterday and tomorrow are totally antonyms, which form a bright picture in listeners’ mind and let them believe that tomorrow is not far away. It also reminds black people they are still in the severe situation and their distance to their dreams. They need to fight bravely for their final ambition. King’s convincing idea is become prominent through antithesis. Antithesis is a comparatively easy device to master by collegestudents, and it’s common used in Chinese language as well.In all the paragraphs above I choose the rhetorical devices metaphor, transferred epithet, synecdoche, simile, allusion and antithesis as example to appreciate and analysis the language using in where do we go from here. In fact, King used a number of rhetorical devices in his speech in addition to these six ones. All these rhetorical devices, along with his delicate language, make his speech attractive and convincing, which has inspired American black people from generation to generation, and worthwhile our English-learners to learn from him.。

修辞学论文

其中，引用作为修辞手法中非常重要的一类，在文学作品中有大量的应用。

《红楼梦》被称为我国封建社会的百科全书，不论是其本身的文学价值还是其中诗词歌赋、市井文化、中医养生都给后代留下了很大的研究空间。

引用又分为很多种类。

根据作者引用的意图可以分为正引和反引。

正引又称“正用”，就是引用者对所引用的语句持肯定的态度，用在引文与原文意思相一致的场合。

正引一般是用来印证自己的观点，表达自己的思想感情。

它既可以是明引，也可以是暗引。

反用从形式上还可以分为三类。

第一类是照录原文，然后对原文加以否定或修正；第二类是直接改动原文，使本文所用的意思与原文相反；第三类是引出原文的大意，然后再提出异议。

而根据作者引用的方式可以分为直接引用和间接引用。

直接引用多见于专著、论文集、学位论文、报告和论文集中的析出文献等。

此外，根据所引出处是否明示而言，有明引与暗引之别；按照所引文字与原文有无差异来说，有直引与意引之分；凭依所引出处或主旨正确与否立论，有确引与讹引之异。

要论《红楼梦》中的才女，就不得不提黛玉。

曹雪芹对林黛玉这一形象的塑造在一开篇就已明写出她从小就已经受到良好的教育这不同于同时代的其他女性，甚至不同于同是书中人物的贾府四春。

贾雨村也正是因为是林黛玉的老师才得到林如海的引荐，包括托付送黛玉进贾府。

修辞学结课论文

浅谈修辞手段在基础英语中的应用—以“Another School Year—What For?”为例学院：师范学院专业：英语班级：20111班学号：2011501282姓名：刘梦军浅谈修辞手段在基础英语中的应用—以“Another School Year—What For?”为例摘要：《现代大学英语精读》教材是英语专业学生夯实基础英语的重要学习教材，从修辞手段的角度来探索其在基础英语中的作用，去学习英语课文,去发现去领略名家作品之美,不仅能在欣赏中学习知识,又能在欣赏中提高能力。

关键词：修辞手段基础英语功能和作用《现代大学英语精读》教材是英语专业学生夯实基础英语的重要学习教材，其地位和作用历来为教学工作者所公认。

该教材中课文编排内容具有新颖性，创新性和科学性。

修辞学是以存在于各种语体之中的修辞现象为研究对象。

因此，从修辞手段的角度来探索其在基础英语中的作用，去学习英语课文,去发现去领略名家作品之美,不仅能在欣赏中学习知识,又能在欣赏中提高能力。

“Another School Year—What For”是基础英语2中一篇以说明文为题材的文章，作者以一个教育者的视角,通过自己教学的切身经历的对比，讲述了对当代大学意义真正所在的看法，文章深刻透彻，意义深远。

其中修辞手段的妙用更使文章显得鲜明和生动。

以下为语篇手段和修辞手段的两个方面——修辞布局和修辞辞格——在本文中运用的分析。

一、语篇布局作者以自己的初次教学经历开篇，展开了对大学教育现状的描写，思考和反思。

此文篇首第一句就点明了整篇的写作基调：“Let me tell you one of the disasters in my career as a teacher.”接着作者讲述了他作为一个新老师踏入教堂，对新学生的描写，从而解释了大学教育的现状和自我心理的发展：“New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. ”随之，“Fourteen years later I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the college…”两句形成对比，很好地承接了作者态度的变化，使文章篇章布局更有条理性和层次感。

现代语言修辞论文修辞学论文

现代语言修辞论文修辞学论文中国古代的酒令与汉字修辞摘要：酒令是人们饮酒时劝酒佐兴的游戏，酒令文化中蕴含着丰富的辞格。

本文从汉字修辞的角度讨论了我国古代酒令中所运用的汉字修辞方式：拆字与并字；增笔与减笔；联边。

关键词：酒令文化汉字修辞运用酒令，是古代人们在宴饮和交游中助兴取乐的游戏，是我国古代社会文人雅士、市井游民追求“闲情雅致”的产物。

它的出现可追溯到酿酒初期，是祭祀活动中的一种礼序，被称为“酒礼”，后来逐渐演化成饮酒助兴和劝酒、罚酒的一种手段。

纵观漫长的中国古代酒令发展史，我们可以看出：酒令萌生在周代，变化于秦汉，成熟于魏晋，繁荣于唐宋，至明清两代发展到颠峰状态，成为中国民族文化中的一枝奇葩。

洒令的形式多种多样，有俗有雅，随饮者的身份、文化水平和趣味的不同而不同，大致可以分为游戏令、赌赛令和文字令三种，都可以即兴创造和自由发挥。

其中文字令比较文雅，它是一种以字词诗赋的巧变应对为内容的酒令，需要具有相当高的文化水准方能自如运用。

我们在阅读一些古代典籍或小说时，常常会看到一些情趣古雅的酒令，特别是出自文人之手的文字令。

“文字令”，故名思义，它是一种以汉字作为行令对象的酒令，作为一种书面语言系统交际的符号，汉字从诞生之日起，始终伴随着汉民族的文化进程，在履行语言交际职能的同时，又以其独特的表意特征和内部构成形式，承载了极其丰富的历史文化。

汉字的结构是点画成文，合文为字，组装灵活，变化多样，这种结构模式，使汉字增添了许多非语言性独特功能。

因此，人们常常在文本中运用汉字的形体来传道、领会或说明积淀在字形中的生活经验、人生哲理和文化心态，这就是修辞学中所说的汉字修辞。

汉字修辞，简言之，就是以汉字的形体为依托进行的修辞。

它是汉语修辞的一个分支，也是最具中华文化特征的修辞。

由于汉字形体结构的特点，以及受拆解字体风气的影响，人们在利用汉字形体进行交际的实践中，发现汉字修辞手段在文学艺术、民俗游艺等众多领域都具有特殊的价值，引发出种种具体文化现象，酒令中的文字令即是其中之一。

浅论汉语修辞学.

信阳职业技术学院学生毕业论文浅谈汉语修辞学院部专业语言与传媒学院语文教育班级年级11 普专语教班姓名学号郝素萍 11001101021指导老师曾召玉完成日期2013年12月26日目录摘要 (2)前言 (4)一、修辞及修辞学概述 (5)二、口语表达的修辞特点（一）选词方面 (6)（二）用句方面 (7)三、修辞学教学的发展和问题 (8)四、修辞语言的污染及对策 (11)结语 (14)参考文献 (15)致谢 (16)摘要修辞是对语言进行综合的艺术加工。

我们用语言交流思想、传递信息，不仅要表达的准确无误、清晰明白，还应该力求生动形象、妥帖鲜明、连贯得体、新颖独特，尽可能给人以深刻的印象和语言的美感。

由于运用语言的方法、技巧和规律与积极调整语言的行为两者是你中有我、我中有你统一于一体的，所以修辞是在适应表达内容和语言环境的前提下积极调动语言因素、非语言因素，为获取最理想的表达效果而对语言所进行的加工。

关键词：汉语修辞学形象化规范化口语表达AbstractRhetoric is the art of language processing and comprehensive, we use language to exchange ideas, convey information, not only to express the accurate, clear, vivid image, should also strive to secure decent, distinct, coherence is novel and unique, impressive and language beauty as much as possible. The method of using the language skills and rules, and actively adjust the language behavior, you two are united in one, so the rhetoric is the precondition expression in content and language environment to mobilize linguistic, non linguistic factors, for processing to obtain the language of expression to the best effect..Keywords: Chinese rhetoric image normalization of oral expression of broadcasting前言汉语修辞学是提高语言表达效果的方法和技巧的一门学科，是由语言本体的交际功能所决定的，并贯穿语言运用的全过程的一门实用性很强的学科。

修辞学论文

就希特勒入侵苏联而发表的演说——修辞赏析本文是英国前首相丘吉尔在德国人入侵苏联后发表的广播演讲，号召英国人民摒弃前嫌，团结一切可以团结的力量，共同抗击法西斯。

在演讲中，丘吉尔使用了大量的排比句式，同时还有发文等修辞手段，时演讲富有感染力，号召力。

本文将会从不同的修辞手法出发，对本文进行一个系统的修辞分析，以求尽己所能对文章加以分析研究使大家对本文有更加深刻的认识。

Parallelism：〔排比〕In grammar, parallelism is a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses. The application of parallelism in sentence construction improves writing style and readability. Parallelism may also be known as parallel structure or parallel construction. In English, parallelism of the predicate provides for one of the few structural situations in which the subject for each verb does not need restatement.排比是一种修辞手法，利用三个或三个以上意义相关或相近，结构相同或相似和语气相同的词组〔主谓/动宾〕或句子并排，到达一种加强语势的效果。

它可使文章的节奏感加强，条理性更好，更利于表达强烈的感情。

在本文中，丘吉尔运用了大量的排比句式来支撑他的观点，这些排比句式使内容集中，增强气势；叙事透辟，条分缕析；节奏鲜明，长于抒情。

In t his text, the sentences as follows are all parallelism structure:1.The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.2.I see,...I see...I see…3.the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector.4.We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him i n the air5.Any man or state... Any man or state...6.Let us... Let us…在这一部分中，丘吉尔使用的排比句式有很大的不同，部分选用句子排比，部分选用词语排比，部分选用了短语上的排比，通过使用这一系列的排比句式，可以说在语言感染力的表达上远胜于了空洞的说教和吟唱！此外，在他的演讲中，这种形式的排比句式屡见不鲜，但是却让人读起来琅琅上口，层次选用较为分明，并不是毫不逻辑的生拉硬套。

【妙用修辞文生辉_语文论文】修辞学论文

【妙用修辞文生辉_语文论文】修辞学论文古人说话讲究辞令，写文章讲究文采，其中很有道理。

子曰：言之无文，行而不远，是十分中肯的意见。

一部《论语》，不但是儒家思想学问所在，其语言之精炼、优美、含蓄，堪称古文学典范。

刘勰在《文心雕龙·情采》中也说：言以文远。

大意是说，文章因有文采，才能流传千古。

这些，都说明了文采对于写作的重要性。

但是，现在有些人写文章不太重视文采，他们的笔下只有抽象的道理，缺少具体的形象；只有甲乙丙丁的描述，没有鲜明生动的论证，效果当然不会好。

俗话说：三分姿质，七分打扮。

写作文也是如此，只要经过事事四五通的装扮，何愁它不精妙世无双？装扮的手段很多，而最重要、最有效的手段就是使用辞格。

如朱自清在《荷塘月色》中曾这样来描绘月下的荷花：层层的叶子中间，零星地点缀着些白花，有袅娜地开着的，有羞涩地打着朵儿的；正如一粒粒的明珠，又如碧天里的星星，又如刚出浴的美人。

连用了拟人、比喻，袅娜写出了荷花柔软妩媚；羞涩写出荷花含苞待放的忸怩之态。

这两词把荷花写活了，可谓形神兼备物性人情统一。

刚出浴的美人，既写出了纤尘不染，使人想到清水出芙蓉，天然去雕琢、出淤泥而不染，濯清莲而不妖、可远观而不可亵玩，从而想到荷花的质朴、清新、纯洁、淡雅和高贵。

又使人想到水中月、雾中花，灯下观美人那种朦胧美的意境。

总之，经过多次比喻、拟人，这荷花就仿佛对着读者巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。

巧妙运用各种修辞格式，会使你的作文语言文采焕然，瑰丽多姿。

常用的效果明显的修辞格式有比喻、排比、引用、拟人、仿拟等。

一、可巧用比喻。

比喻，用在记叙、说明、描写中，能使事物生动、形象、具体，给人以鲜明的印象；用在议论文中，能使抽象道理变得具体，使深奥的道理变得浅显易懂。

如2001年高考一安徽考生的作文《诚信归去来》中有这样一段话：诚信是一轮金赤朗耀的圆月，惟有与高处的皎洁对视，才能沉淀出对待生命的真正态度；诚信是一枚凝重的砝码，放上它，生命摇摆不定，天平立即稳稳的倾向一端；诚信是高山之巅的水，能够洗尽浮华，洗尽躁动，洗尽虚诈，留下启悟心灵的妙谛。

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【妙用修辞文生辉_语文论文】 修辞学论文

【妙用修辞文生辉_语文论文】修辞学论文