英语专业八级改错真题(1999-2009)

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英语专业八级的改错练习及参考答案

英语专业八级的改错练习及参考答案英语专业八级的改错练习及参考答案We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we ive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as __1__ to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular __2__ message: the English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a __3__ set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his __4__ thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English __5__ speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activetly and that which he recognises, increases in size as he grows old as a result of education and experience. __6__ But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another __7__ member of his linguistic community; he has to give the system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted two most __8__ common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are __9__ among most striking of human achievements. __10__答案：1. agreeing --------agreed2. ∧words----------these/those words3. in the disposal --------at the disposal4. enables--------enable5. “the” before “other English speakers”6. old------ older7. seen ------ perceived, understood, comprehended8. “it” before “for granted”9. And ----- Yet; However10. ∧most ------ the most striking。

专业英语八级真题1999年附答案详解

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1999)—GRADE EIGHTPAPER ONEPART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The technology to make machines quieterA. has been in use since the 1930's.B. has accelerated industrial production.C. has just been in commercial use.D. has been invented to remove all noises.2. The modern electronic anti-noise devicesA. are an update version of the traditional methods.B. share similarities with the traditional methods.C. are as inefficient as the traditional methods.D. are based on an entirely new working principle.3. The French company is working on anti-noise techniques to be used in all EXCEPTA. streets.B. factories.C. aircraft.D. cars.4. According to the talk, workers in "zones of quiet" canA. be more affected by noise.B. hear talk from outside the zone.C. work more efficiently.D. be heard outside the zone.5. The main theme of the talk is aboutA. noise-control technology.B. noise in factories.C. noise-control regulations.D. noise-related effects.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. Employees in the US are paid for their time. This means that they are supposed toA. work hard while their boss is around.B. come to work when there is work to be done.C. work with initiative and willingness.D. work through their lunch break.7. One of the advantages of flexible working hours is thatA. pressure from work can be reduced.B. working women can have more time at home.C. traffic and commuting problems can be solved.D. personal relationships in offices can be improved.8. On the issue of working contracts in the US, which statement is NOT correct?A. Performance at work matters more than anything else.B. There are laws protecting employees' working rights.C. Good reasons must be provided in order to fire workers.D. Working contracts in the US are mostly short-term ones.9. It can be assumed from the interview that an informal atmosphere might be found inA. small firms.B. major banks.C. big corporations.D. law offices.10. The interview is mainly about __________ in the USA.A. office hierarchiesB. office conditionsC. office rules.D. office life.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. Senator Bob Dole's attitude towards Clinton's anti-crime policy is that ofA. opposition.B. support.C. ambiguity.D. indifference.Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. Japan and the United States are nowA. negotiating about photographic material.B. negotiating an automobile agreement.C. facing serious problems in trade.D. on the verge of a large-scale trade war.13. The news item seems to indicate that the agreementA. will end all other related trade conflicts.B. is unlikely to solve the dispute once and for all.C. is linked to other trade agreements.D. is the last of its kind to be reached.Question 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. According to the news, the ice from Greenland provides information aboutA. oxygen.B. ancient weather.C. carbon dioxide.D. temperature.15. Which of the following statement is CORRECT?A. Drastic changes in the weather have been common since ancient times.B. The change in weather from very cold to very hot lasted over a century.C. The scientists have been studying ice to forecast weather in the future.D. The past 10,000 years have seen minor changes in the weather.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture once only. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Y our notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-takingANSWER SHEETAt present companies and industries like to sponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forward to explain this phenomenon. The first reason is that they get (1) throughout the world.The second reason is that companies and industries (2) money as they get reductions in the tax they owe if they sponsor sports or arts activities.As sponsorship is (3) careful thinking is required in deciding which events to sponsor.It is important that the event to be sponsored (4) the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right (5) and maximum product coverage must be guaranteed in the event.Points to be considered in sports sponsorship.Popularity of the eventInternational sports events are big (6) events, which get extensive coverage on TV and in press.Smaller events attract fewer people.Identification of the potential audienceAiming at the right audience is most important for smaller events.The right audience would attract manufacturers of related products like (7) , etc.Advantages of sponsorshipAdvantages are longer-term.People are expected to respond 8 to the products promoted and be more likely to buy them.Advertising is 9 the mind.Sponsorship is better than straight advertising:a) less 10b) tax-freePART ⅡPROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN. )Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET as instructed.The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric (1) __________human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing (2) __________with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modern hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed thatone-half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing, and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirds and (3) __________more of the hunter-gatherer's calories come from plants. Detailed studiesof the Kung by the food scientists at the University of London, showedthat gathering is a more productive source of food than is hunting. Anhour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories, (4) __________as an hour of gathering produces 240. (5) __________ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, (6) __________and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails, interestingly, if they escapefatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to oldages despite of the absence of medical care. They experience no obesity, (7) __________and no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, noheart disease, and their blood cholesterol level are very low (about half of (8) __________the average American adult. ) If no one is suggesting that we return to (9) __________an aboriginal life, we certainly could use their eating habitsas a model for healthier diet. (10) __________ PART ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION (40 MIN. )SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN. )In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple- choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions.TEXT ARicci's "Operation Columbus"1 Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English-language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.2 Ricci is so confident that he has christen quest "Operation Columbus" and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far- fetched. The Italian edition of FMR —the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci— is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest artmagazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US $ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over "an inferiority complex about their art". He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange — what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.3 To realize this version, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising — and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine-publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $ 5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 600% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporations. "To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors," reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. "We would like Italians."4 Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception, will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled —and won — on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-colour pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. "I don't expect that more than 30% of my readers.., will actually read FMR," he says. "The magazine is such a visual delight that they don't have to. "Still, he is lining up an impressive stable of writers and professors for the American edition, including Noam Chomsky, Anthony Burgess, Eric Jong and Norman Mailer. In addition, he seems to be pursuing his own eclectic vision without giving a moment's thought to such established competitors as Connosisseur and Horizon. "The Americans can do almost everything better than we can, "says Ricci," But we (the Italians) have a 2,000 year edge on them in art."16. Ricci intends his American edition of FMR to carry more American art works in order toA. boost Americans' confidence in their art.B. follow the pattern set by his Italian edition.C. help Italians understand American art better.D. expand the readership of his magazine.17. Ricci is compared to Columbus in the passage mainly becauseA. they both benefited from Italian sponsors.B. they were explorers in their own ways.C. they obtained overseas sponsorship.D. they got a warm reception in America.18. We get the impression that the American edition of FMR will probablyA. carry many academic articles of high standard.B. follow the style of some famous existing magazines.C. be read by one third of American magazine readers.D. pursue a distinctive editorial style of its own.TEXT BUncle Geoff1 My mother's relations were very different form the Mitfords. Her brother, Uncle Geoff, who often came to stay at Swinbrook, was a small, spare man with thoughtful blue eyes and a rather silent manner. Compared to Uncle Tommy, he was an intellectual of the highest order, and indeed his satirical pen belied his mild demeanor. He spent most of his waking hours composing letters to The Times and other publications in which he outlined his own particular theory of the development of English history. In Uncle Geoff's view, the greatness of England had risen and waned over the centuries in direct proportion to the use of natural manure in fertilizing the soil. TheBlack Death of 1348 was caused by gradual loss of the humus fertility found under forest trees. The rise of the Elizabethans two centuries later was attributable to the widespread use of sheep manure.2 Many of Uncle Geoff's letters-to-the-editor have fortunately been preserved in a privately printed volume called Writings of A Rebel. Of the collection, one letter best sums up his views on the relationship between manure and freedom. He wrote:3 Collating old records shows that our greatness rises and falls with the living fertility of our soil. And now, many years of exhausted and chemically murdered soil, and of devitalized food from it, has softened our bodies and still worse, softened our national character. It is an actual fact that character is largely a product of the soil. Many years of murdered food from deadened soil has made us too tame. Chemicals have had their poisonous day. It is now the worm's turn to reform the manhood of England. The only way to regain our punch, our character, our lost virtues, and with them the freedom natural to islanders, is to compost our land so as to allow moulds, bacteria and earthworms to remake living soil to nourish Englishmen's bodies and spirits.4 The law requiring pasteurization of milk in England was a particular target of Uncle Geoff's. Fond of alliteration, he dubbed it "Murdered Milk Measure," and established the Liberty Restoration League, with headquarters at his house in London, for the specific purpose of organizing a counteroffensive. "Freedom not Doctordom" was the League's proud slogan. A subsidiary, but nevertheless important, activity of the League was advocacy of a return to the " unsplit, slowly smoked fish" and bread made with "English stone-ground flour, yeast, milk, sea salt and raw cane-sugar."19. According to Uncle Geoff, national strength could only be regained byA. reforming the manhood of England.B. using natural manure as fertilizer.C. eating more bacteria-free food.D. granting more freedom to Englishmen.20. The tone of the passage can most probably be described asA. facetious.B. serious.C. nostalgic.D. factual.TEXT CInterview1 So what have they taught you at college about interviews? Some courses go to town on it, others do very little. You may get conflicting advice. Only one thing is certain: the key to success is preparation.2 There follow some useful suggestions from a teacher training course co-ordinator, a head of department anda headteacher. As they appear to be in complete harmony with one another despite never having met, we may take their advice seriously.3 Oxford Brookes University's approach to the business of application and interview focuses on research and rehearsal. Training course co-ordinator Brenda Stevens speaks of the value of getting students "to deconstruct the advertisement, see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each other's ". Finally, they role play interviewer and interviewee.4 This is sterling stuff, and Brookes students spend a couple of weeks on it. "The better prepared students won't be thrown by nerves on the day," says Ms. Stevens. "They'll have their strategies and questions worked out. "She also says, a trifle disconcertingly, "the better the student, the worse the interviewee. ' She believes the most capable students are less able to put themselves forward. Even if this were true, says Ms. Stevens, you must still make your own case.5 "Beware of informality," she advises. One aspirant teacher, now a head of department at a smart secondary school, failed his first job interview because he took his jacket off while waiting for his appointment. It was hot and everyone in the staffroom was in shirtsleeves but at the end of the day they criticized his casual attitude, which they had deduced from the fact that he took his jacket off in the staffroom, even though he put it back on for the interview.6 Incidentally, men really do have to wear a suit to the interview and women really cannot wear jeans, even if men never wear the suit again and women teach most days in jeans. Panels respond instantly to these indicators. But beware: it will not please them any better if you are too smart.7 Find out about the peope who will talk to you. In the early meetings they are likely to be heads of departments or heads of year. Often they may be concerned with pastoral matters. It makes sense to know their priorities and let them hear the things about you that they want to hear.8 During preliminary meetings you may be seen in groups with two or three other applicants and you must demonstrate that you know your stuff without putting your companions down. The interviewers will be watching how you work with a team.9 But remember the warning about informality: however friendly and co-operative the other participants are, do not give way to the idea that you are there just to be friends.10 Routine questions can be rehearsed, but "don't go on too long", advises the department head. They may well ask: "what have been your worst/best moments when teaching?" , or want you to "talk about some good teaching you have done". The experts agree you should recognize your weaknesses and offer a strategy for overcoming them. "I know I've got to work on classroom management. I would hope for some help," perhaps. No one expects a new teacher to know it all, but they hope for an objective appraisal of capabilities.11 Be warned against inexpert questioning. You may be asked questions in such a way that it seems impossible to present your best features. Some questions may be plain silly, asked perhaps by people on the panel who are from outside the situation. Do not be thrown, have ways of circumnavigating it, and never, ever let them see that you think they have said something foolish.12 You will almost certainly be asked how you see the future and it is important to have a good answer prepared. Some people are put off by being asked what they expect to be doing in five or ten year's time. On your preliminary visit, says the department head, be sure to give them a bit of an interview of your own, to see the direction the department is going and what you could contribute to it.13 The headteacher offers his thoughts in a eight-point plan.1. Iron the application form! Then it stands out from everyone else's, which have been folded and battered in the post. It gives an initial impression which may get your application to the top of the pile.2. Ensure that your application is tailored to the particular school. Make the head feel you are writing directly to him or her.3. Put yourself at ease before you meet the interviewing panel, if you are nervous, you will talk too quickly. Before you enter the room remember that the people are human beings too; take away the mystique of their roles.4. Listen. There is danger of not hearing accurately what is being said. Make eye contact with the speakers, and with everyone in the room.5. Allow your warmth and humanity to be seen. A sense of humour is very important.6. Have a portfolio of your work that can link theory to practice. Many schools want you to show work. Fora primary appointment, give examples from the range of the curriculum, not just art. (For this reason, taking pictures on your teaching practice is important. )7. Prepare yourself in case you are asked to give a talk. Have prompt cards ready, and don't waffle.8. Your speech must be clear and articulate, with correct grammar. This is important: they want to hear you and they want to hear how well you can communicate with children. Believe in yourself and have confidence. Some of the people asking the questions don't know much about what you do. Be ready to help them.14 Thus armed, you should have no difficulty at all. Good luck, and keep your jacket on!21. Ms Brenda Stevens suggests that before applying job applicants shouldA. go through each other's CVs.B. rehearse their answers to questions.C. understand thoroughly the situations.D. go to town to attend training courses.22. Is it wise to admit some of your weaknesses relating to work?A. Yes, but you should have ideas for improvement in the future.B. Yes, because it is natural to be weak in certain aspects.C. No, admitting weaknesses may put you at a disadvantage.D. No, it will only prompt the interviewers to reject you.23. The best way to deal with odd questions from the interviewers is toA. remain smiling and kindly point out the inaccuracies.B. keep calm and try to be tactful in your answers.C. say frankly what you think about the issues raised.D. suggest something else to get over your nervousness.24. The suggestions offered by the head teacher areA. original.B. ambiguous.C. practical.D. controversial.TEXT DFamily Matters1 This month Singapore passed a bill that would give legal teeth to the moral obligation to support one's parents. Called the Maintenance of Parents Bill, it received the backing of the Singapore Government.2 That does not mean it hasn't generated discussion. Several members of the Parliament opposed the measure as un-Asian. Others who acknowledged the problem of the elderly poor believed it a disproportionate response. Still others believe it will subvert relations within the family: cynics dubbed it the "Sue Your Son" law.3 Those who say that the bill does not promote filial responsibility, of course, are right. It has nothing to do with filial responsibility. It kicks in where filial responsibility fails. The law cannot legislate filial responsibility any more than it can legislate love. All the law can do is to provide a safety net where this morality provide insufficient. Singapore needs this bill not to replace morality, but to provide incentives to shore it up.4 Like many other developed nations, Singapore faces the problems of an increasing proportion of people over 60 years of age. Demography is inexorable. In 1980, 7.2% of the population was in this bracket. By the turn of the century, that figure will grow to 11%. By 2030, the proportion is projected to be 260%. The problem is not old age per se. It is that the ratio of economically active people to economically inactive people will decline.5 But no amount of government exhortation or paternalism will completely eliminate the problem of old people who have insufficient means to make ends meet. Some people will fall through the holes in any safety net.6 Traditionally, a person's insurance against poverty in his old age was his family. This is not a revolutionary concept. Nor is it uniquely Asian. Care and support for one's parents is a universal value shared by all civilized societies.7 The problem in Singapore is that the moral obligation to look after one's parents is unenforceable. A father can be compelled by law to maintain his children. A husband can be forced to support his wife. But, until now, a son or daughter had no legal obligation to support his or her parents.8 In 1989, an Advisory Council was set up to look into the problems of the aged. Its report stated with a tinge of complacency that 95% of those who did not have their own income were receiving cash contributions from relations. But what about the 5% who aren't getting relatives' support? They have several options: (a) get a job and work until they die; (b) apply for public assistance (you have to be destitute to apply); or (c) starve quietly.None of these options is socially acceptable. And what if this 5% figure grows, as it is likely to do, as society ages?9 The Maintenance of Parents Bill was put forth to encourage the traditional virtues that have so far kept Asian nations from some of the breakdowns encountered in other affluent societies. This legislation will allow a person to apply to the court for maintenance from any or all of his children. The court would have the discretion to refuse to make an order if it is unjust.10 Those who deride the proposal for opening up the courts to family lawsuits miss the point. Only in extreme cases would any parent take his child to court. If it does indeed become law, the bill's effect would be far more subtle.11 First, it will reaffirm the notion that it is each individual's — not society's — responsibility to look after his parents. Singapore is still conservative enough that most people will not object to this idea. It reinforces the traditional values and it doesn't hurt a society now and then to remind itself of its core values.12 Second, and more important, it will make those who are inclined to shirk their responsibilities think twice. Until now, if a person asked family elders, clergymen or the Ministry of Community Development to help get financial support from his children, the most they could do was to mediate. But mediators have no teeth, and a child could simply ignore their pleas.13 But to be sued by one's parents would be a massive loss of face. It would be a public disgrace. Few people would be so thick-skinned as to say." Sue and be damned. "The hand of the conciliator would be immeasurably strengthened. It is far more likely that some sort of amicable settlement would be reached if the recalcitrant Son or daughter knows that the alternative is a public trial.14 It would be nice to think that Singapore doesn't need this kind of law. But that belief ignores the clear demographic trends and the effect of affluence itself on traditional bonds. Those of us who pushed for the bill will consider ourselves most successful if it acts as an incentive not to have it invoked in the first place.25. The Maintenance of Parents BillA. received unanimous support in the Singapore Parliament.B. was believed to solve all the problems of the elderly poor.C. was intended to substitute for traditional values in Singapore.D. was passed to make the young more responsible to the old.26. By quoting the growing percentage points of the aged in the population, the author seems to imply thatA. the country will face mounting problems of the old in future.B. the social welfare system would be under great pressure.C. young people should be given more moral education.D. the old should be provided with means of livelihood.27. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Filial responsibility in Singapore is enforced by law.B. Fathers have legal obligations to look after their children.C. It is an acceptable practice for the old to continue working.D. The Advisory Council was dissatisfied with the problems of the old.28. The author seems to suggest that traditional valuesA. play an insignificant role in solving social problems.B. are helpful to the elderly when they sue their children.C. are very important in preserving Asian uniqueness.D. are significant in helping the Bill get approved.29. The author thinks that if the Bill becomes law, its effect would beA. indirect.B. unnoticed.C. apparent.D. straightforward.30. At the end of the passage, the author seems to imply that success of the Bill depends uponA. strict enforcement.B. public support.C. government assurance.D. filial awareness.SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING (10 MIN. )In this section there are seven passages with ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then answer the questions.。

大学英语专业八级改错经典试题

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英语专业八级改错（1）It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1__ "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__ personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__ to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__ adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__ pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United__6__States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical__7__ name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and since__8__American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__ the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was originated with President George Washington, who would__10__often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.英语专业八级（1）答案和解析:1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation2. it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain3. that—which4. sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词5. indicated—indicating 来源：考试大6. began—ended.根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。

历年英语专八改错真题.doc

历年英语专八改错真题.历年专八短文改错试题XXXX年英语专八改错真题答案Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisitio n(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s. Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions(a前面加also)havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:(possessed改为captured)Isitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacq uiresafirstlanguage?(one前面加as)Whatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(fact后面加that)moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?What motivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguages?Whatistheroleofthelanguag eteachinginthe(language前面去掉the)acquisitionofanadditionallanguage?Whatsocio-culturalfactors,ifany,ar erelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckofthelit eratureofthefielditisclearthatall(去掉the)theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingi ncommon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallangu ageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(attempts改为attempting)so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditionallan guage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(or改为and)focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinst-省略部分-6.___imitatingandpracticingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanym orehourspereverydaythanweeverhavetospend7.___learningevenourdifficu lt Englishspelling.Thisis…natural‟,8.___therefore,thatourspeech-soundssho uldbethoseofourimmediatecircle;afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesasa meansofholdingacommunity9.___andgivingasenseof'belonging'.Welearnq uiteearlytorecogniz ea…stranger‟,someonewhospeakswithanaccentofadiffer entcommunity-perhapsonlyafewmilesfar.10——1.【详细解答】前半句意为“发音是在无意识之中学成的”，后半句意为“拼写是有意识地学成的”，它们之间是对比关系，故应该用连词while 来连接。

专八改错历届真题及答案[1]

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以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案PART IV PROOFREADING&ERRORCORRECTION ［15 MIN］The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case， only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word，underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line。

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【精品文档】英语专业八级改错练习题与答案-实用word文档 (2页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英语专业八级改错练习题与答案Now, it is clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economical causes: it is not due simply to the bad __1__ influence of this or that individual writers. But an effect can become __2__ a cause, reinforce the original cause and producing the same effect __3__ in an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take drink __4__ because he feels himself to be a failure, and then fail all the most __5__ completely because he drinks. It is rather the same thing that is happening to the English language. It becomes ugly and inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the sloven of our language __6__ makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is that the process is irreversible. Modern English, especially written English, __7__ is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and think clearly is a __8__ necessary first step towards political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concerning __9__ of professional writers. I will come back to this present, and I hope__10__ that by that time the meaning of what I have said here will have become clearer.答案：1.economical－economic。

英语专业八改错真题1999-2009完整含答案版本

99年改错The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.______ human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2._____ with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter- gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that one half emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishing and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.______studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University of London, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.______ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.______Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6._______ diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, if they escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporary aborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care.7._______They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dental decay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their blood cholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8._______adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.________style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.________ healthier diet.2000改错The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different 1._______from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ lessmeaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2._______“empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary.3.________But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction.4._________Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5._________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning.6.________Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.________lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been “little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8._________distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.________from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.________when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.2001改错During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1._______they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2._______favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3._______not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.________were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5._______On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6._______ but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.______least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.______government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government appointed 9.______the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.______ buy, sell, and set prices.2002改错There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally”and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1__________ deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech 2._____________ sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock 3.__________when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we 4._________recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We begin the natural learning 5.__________of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6.____________practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our 7.______________difficult English spelling. This is “natural”, therefore, that our 8.______________speech-sounds should be those of our immediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding a community 9._______________and giving a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a “stranger”, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far.10.________________2003改错Demographic indicators show that Americans in the postwarperiod were more eager than ever to establish families. They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and broughtthe birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred (1)______years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom.” These young (2)_______adults established a trend of early marriage and relatively large families that Went for more than two decades and caused a major (3)_______ but temporary reversal of long-term demographic patterns. Fromthe 1940S through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate (4)________and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.(5)________Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women on who (6)________formed families between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the (7)________ divorce rate after a postwar peak; their marriages remained intact toa greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier as well(8)________as later decades. Since the United States maintained its dubious (9)___________distinction of having the highest divorce rate in the world, the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in (10)___________Europe. Contrary to fears of the experts, the role of breadwinner and homemaker was not abandoned.2004改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees- eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific (1)________ purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)________Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)________groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)_________and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)_________There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)_________committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)__________widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)__________to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (9)________Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)_________2005改错The University as BusinessA number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed becauseof a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing in common 1stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizesits net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the2outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable fromthose of 3business firms. The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economicuncertainty 4increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of beingin the school is foregoing income from a job (this is primarily a factorin 5graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one's job prospects,6the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more marketable.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students7include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving studentsa governance role, and eliminate required courses.8Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the9rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to themof theathletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so thebestathletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salariesearlierfrom professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrustauthorities,the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students,byagreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purelyof need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on theirbest 10customer.2006改错We use language primarily as a means of communication withother human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as 1-_______to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular2______message: the English speaker has in his disposal vocabulary and a3_______set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his4______thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English5_______speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses activelyand that which he recognizes, increases in size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. 6______But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another7_______member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two m ost8_______common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are9______among most striking of human achievements. 10_______2007改错From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1__ _records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2 _emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3_ ______originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4_necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries 5_than we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in 6_ other grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that 7 such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference 8________between these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, 9whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are10________wholly conventional.2008年改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one，and in result language has played a 1__________prominent part in national moves．Men have often felt the need 2__________ to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive 3____________from another race．whose hegemony they resent．At the time the 4.___________United States split off from Britain，for example，there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by 5.____________ the use of a different language from those of Britain．6.____________ There was even one proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew．Others favoured the adoption of Greek，though，as one man put it，things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to 7.____________ English and made the British learn Greek．At the end，as everyone 8.___________ knows，the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before．Since nearly two hundred years now，they have shown the 9.______________world that political independence and national identity can be 10.___________ complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language．2009年改错The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)_____between shcool lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2)_____has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. (3)_____ The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingIt may be something from twenty to seventy years. With the playground (4)_____lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on whtin the very hour (5)_____it is learnt; and in the general, it passes between children of the (6)_____ same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____ even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitting over and over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____ hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_____after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____original wording.2010年改错So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, every language appears to be as well equipped as any other to say the things its speakers want to say. It may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. But this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can speak about snow with a great deal more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled ’primitive’) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. This example does not bring to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected ’primitiveness’. The position is simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in different environments. The English language would be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinction important.Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed part of the Eskimos’ life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence ?答案部分改错部分:2009年1. 答案：the further--- a further2. 答案：when---until3. 答案：their---his4. 答案：something---anything5. 答案：therefore---however/nevertheless/yet6. 答案：删掉in the general中的the7. 答案：currently---current8. 答案：over and over ∧--- again9. 答案：live --- alive10. 答案：删掉to let alone中的to2008年1. 答案：in result--- in consequence2. 答案：moves---movements3. 答案：distinctive---distinct/different4. 答案：time ∧ --- when5. 答案：accepted--- acknowledged/confirmed/realized6. 答案：those---that7. 答案：删去on8. 答案：At---In9. 答案：carry ∧ with --- on10. 答案：Since---For2007年1. 答案：and – or2. 答案：show后面添加that或把show改成showing3. 答案：删去the4. 答案：and – but/whereas/while5. 答案：large – larger6. 答案：in – on7. 答案：return – in response/reaction/answer8. 答案：删去on9. 答案：增加a10. 答案：these – those2006年1. 答案：agreeing – agreed2. 答案：∧words – these3. 答案：in his disposal – at his disposal.4. 答案：enables – enable5. 答案：the other English speakers – other English speakers6. 答案：old – older7. 答案：seen – understood8. 答案：删去it9. 答案：And – But/Yet/However/Nevertheless10. 答案：most – the most2005年1. 答案：investing – invested2. 答案：irrespective ∧ - of3. 答案：those – that4. 答案：fact ∧ economic – that5. 答案：in the school －去掉the6. 答案：poor – poorer7. 答案：∧ which － in或把which改成that, 或删去which8. 答案：eliminate – eliminating9. 答案：shorten – lessen/reduce/minimize/weaken10. 答案：discount on – discount to2004年1. 答案：set ^for → up2. 答案：consisted → consisting/composed3. 答案：in → on4. 答案：rely ^ outside → on5. 答案：删去out6. 答案：its → their7. 答案：^ public → the8. 答案：nevertheless → therefore / thus9. 答案：interests → interest10. 答案：these → those2003年1. 答案：height → high2. 答案：a steady decline → steady decline3. 答案：went^ for → on或把went改成lasted4. 答案：high → higher5. 答案：Europe → European6. 答案：删去more7. 答案：把nevertheless 改成also,thus或therefore8. 答案：that → those9. 答案：Since → Although / While/though10. 答案：in → to2002年1. 答案：第二个and → while / whereas / but / yet2. 答案：with → of3. 答案：删去out4. 答案：firstly → first5. 答案：which → that6. 答案：went → go7. 答案：删去per或every8. 答案：This → It9. 答案：community ∧→ together10. 答案：far → away2001年1. 答案：in → with2. 答案：increasing → increasingly3. 答案：so → but4. 答案：删去soon或shortly5. 答案：just → only6. 答案：asked ∧→ for7. 答案：involving → involved8. 答案：life → living9. 答案：handle → deal 或删去with10. 答案：total → full/complete/absolute2000年1. 答案：删去 the2. 答案：but → and/thus3. 答案：in → to4. 答案：misled → misleading5. 答案：删去away6. 答案：single → only7. 答案：as → in8. 答案：mean → means9. 答案：∧ lexical → such 或在words后加such，或把改成like10. 答案：number → deal / amount1999年1. 答案：as → like2. 答案：supplementing → supplemented3. 答案：and → or4. 答案：in → on5. 答案：as → while / whereas6. 答案：删去 for，或改成about7. 答案：删去第一个of8. 答案：half ∧→ that9. 答案：if → While / Although / Though10. 答案：for ∧→ a（注：素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。

英语专业八级改错练习题

英语专业八级改错练习题英语专业八级改错练习题Humankind’s future safety and longevity of life on Earth largely depend on the environment which we live. Keeping the air we __1__ breathe free of pollution is a major priority towards making this earth a safe place. Other areas of concern are water, land, the ozone layer, and the preservation of flora and fauna of the planet.Every country has ecological issues to deal. In South America, __2__ the rain forests are rapidly disappearing as people burn and cut down trees to make for farmland. Many Middle-Eastern and Asian countries __3__ have a battle to fight with air, water, and land pollution. Lakes and swamps are spread with debris. __4__ Mass chemical spraying is used to kill pests on trees and plants. Abundant __5__ use of water in countries as China has caused major water shortage. __6__ Rivers become polluted by factories and the populations that live on their banks. Global warming is considered a major factor caused __7__ the droughts in eastern China, the Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya.The reduction of the ozone layer is blamed for the global warming trends in variant countries of this globe, and the spread of disease like skin __8__ cancer. Societies at large need to pay attention to the existing problems in order to get of the imminent danger of famine, drought and diseases __9__ that rise from the damage that pollution causes. __10__。

专业八级改错概述及真题

专业八级改错概述改错题属于主观题，考试大纲对改错部分的要求是：测试要求：能运用语法、词汇、修辞等语言知识识别所给短文内的语病并提出改正方法。

考试时间15分钟。

测试形式：本部分由一篇约250个单词的短文组成，短文中有10行标题号。

该10行内均含有一个语病。

要求学生根据―增添‖、―删除‖或―改变其中的某一单词或短语‖三种方法中的一种改正语病。

测试目的：检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力。

该项目考察学生的语法和词汇知识，但更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。

历年的改错题得分率偏低。

改革后的专八考试有10到改错题，每一题都设有错误，这实际上降低了改错的难度，因为改错题目的类型是比较固定的，每一行的单词数量有限，一筹莫展时可以对照常见错误类型进行排除，从而迅速找到答案。

标号行有且仅有一个错误；无标号行肯定正确。

三种改错方法：增词删词改词Proofreading and error correction (15 min)The passage contains ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of on error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a ―∨‖ sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash ―/‖ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.常见错误类型有以下几种：1.主谓一致2.动词时态3.动词语态：主动/被动语态4.连接词/并列句/从句5.比较级6.虚拟语气7.非谓语动词8.代词与先行词的一致9.倒装句语序10.赘述11.增添词12.易混淆的词（名词、动词、语法词等）第一章考察四种知识第二章三种改错方法第三章真题解析第一章考察四种知识篇章结构句法知识语法知识词汇知识I. 篇章结构1.浏览全文，抓住主题句（2009年真题）理解连接词的逻辑意义和句法结构。

专八改错习题及答案解析

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案解析（一）About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk __________________________________________________ 1 _____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking _________ 2 _____University.The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternalDeaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children __________ 3 _____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their __________ 4 ___families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by _______________________________________________________ 5 ____the United Nation?s Children?s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high _______________________________________________________ 6 _______risk categories.The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ___________ 7 ____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of _________ 8 ______pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the _________ 9 _______mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than _________ 10 ______two years apart.参考答案及解析:1将had used改为used。

改错

一．题型介绍校对与改错是英语专业八级考试的第四部分。

(研究生入学考试试卷第三题 proof reading and error correction 15points)答题要求部分规定了修改短文的三种方法：改词、加词和删词。

要求修改的短文长度为250个单词左右。

体裁和题材不限。

短文内含10个错误，错误都出现在标有题号的行内。

每行只出现一个错误，错误一般涉及单个词。

要求修改的单词既有功能词（如介词、冠词等），也有实义词（动词、名词等）。

错误既涉及句内也涉及句间。

校对与改错部分的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力以及语言文化科学等背景知识的积累。

该项目考查学生的语法和词汇知识,更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。

校对改错部分要求学生在15分钟内找出10个错误，并根据要求用三种方法之中的一种改正错误。

此题包括"标错"和"改错"两部分。

如果考生不重视第一步，没有在文中作标记，只在答题线上作改动，会导致最后完全被扣分；如果标错位置，改正正确，不得分；如果考生只是正确标出，而没有改正出来或改正错误，只能得0.5分。

Direction:The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word，underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word，mark the position of the missing word with a " A " sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.注：沈阳师范大学研究生入学考试试卷中此题为15个空，共15分二、常见错误类型改错与校对题目中常见的错误类型有四大类：词汇错误、语法错误、篇章理解错误及其他错误(一)词汇问题：词汇误用（冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词及副词、情态动词）搭配不当（与介、副词搭配居多，具有不可提高性）(二)语法知识1．从句（代词与先行词一致）2. 非谓语动词3. 时态、语态4. 主谓一致5. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级6. 虚拟语气7. 倒装（很少出题）（三）篇章结构问题（四）其他：赘述缺词三、常见改错方法及详解(一）词汇问题1.词汇误用A名词误用（单、复数词义差异、相同词形词词义辨析）例1 :He holds his "readiness-to-rise" post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozen at the get-ready moment. ( 1997年真题)例2：The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one，and in result language has played a prominent part in national moves. (2008年真题)例3：Congressional investigations therefore represent one important tool available to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.B.动词误用（主被动，及物非及物，时态《归类为语法》，搭配《归类为介、副词》）主、被动误用（高频）例1：On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become involving (involved), at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. 及物动词和不及物动词的误用（高频）例1：This is what his body wants to do, therefore (yet or but) his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him raise. (1997年真题)例2：Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. (1999年真题）例3 ：The fact that such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference between these noises and language proper. (2007年真题)C. 形容词、副词误用（多为搭配错误，后面会讲）形容词词义本身误用1. Men have often felt the need to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive from another race whose hegemony they resent. (2008年真题）形容词比较级误用（高频）1.The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.2.His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he recognizes,increases in size as he grows old as a result of education and experience.3.From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger agethan their Europe counterparts.冠词和不定冠词的误用（高频）例1 :If he were not hesitating, it would only last a fraction of the second. (1997年真题)例2：...if (while) no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. ( 1999年真题)例3：The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“less meaning”, and in fact some grammarians have called them“empty”words as opposed to the“full”words of vocabulary。

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案

英语专业八级改错练习题及答案英语专业八级改错练习题及答案「篇一」英语专业八级改错练习题Successful aging is a psychological feat. Fear for__1__death, for example, may sometimes oppress you。

even when this is successfully overcome, there is stillsomething for you to deal with-loneliness. Lonelinesscanspeed your demise no matter conscientiously __2__you care for your body. “We go through lifesurroundedby protective convoys of others,” says Robert Kahn, a psychologist of the Universityof Michiganwho studied the health effects of companio nship. “People __3__who manage to maintain a network of social support do best.” One study of elderlyheart-attack patientsfound that those with two or more close associations __4__enjoyed twice the one-year survival rate of those whowere completely alone。

Companionship aside, healthy oldsters seem toshare a knack for managing stress, poison that contributes __5__ measurably to heart disease, cancer and accidents。

历年专八英语试题改错练习及答案

你若盛开，蝴蝶自来。

历年专八英语试题改错练习及答案历年专八英语试题改错练习及答案胜利=艰苦劳动+正确方法+少说空话。

以下是我为大家搜寻整理的历年专八英语试题改错练习及答案，期望对正在关注的您有所帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!What is a black hole? Well, it is difficult to answer the question,as the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon __1__are adequate here. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is __2__a region of space which matter has fallen and from which nothing can __3__escapenot even light. But we cant see a black hole. A black hole __4__exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only spaceor thus we think. How can this happen? __5__The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point; they "collapse' and sometimes a supernova occurs.The collapse of a star may produce a "White Dwarf' of a "neutronstar'a star which matter is so dense that if continually shrinks by the force of __6___its own gravity. But if the star is very第1页/共3页千里之行，始于足下。

专八改错_(1999年-2011年)真题及答案

2000年-2011年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析By兰银清以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age,perhaps the age of five or six,I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer.Between the ages of about1__________seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea,but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that2___________soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.3___________I was the child of three,but there was a gap of five years4__________on either side,and I barely saw my father before I was eight.Forthis and other reasons I was somewhat lonely,and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my5_____________schooldays.I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons,and I think from6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of7________being isolated and undervalued.I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts,and I felt that this created8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure9________in everyday life.Therefore,the volume of serious—i.e.seriously10________intended—writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages.I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five,my mother taking it down to dictation.1，在grow后加up,考固定短语2，改consience为consciousness考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”,consiousness翻译为“意识”3，改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4，在child前加middle,考上下文理解。

2009年专八改错真题

2009年专八改错真题(有若干空模棱两可，注意咯！)The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference (1) ______between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learntin early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener (2) _____has grown up, and has their own, or even grand children. (3)______The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmittingit may be something from twenty to seventy years, with the playground (4)______lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour (5)_____it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children of the (6)______same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in agebetween playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playgroundrhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7)_____even just for fifty, it follows that it has been transmitted overand over; very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three (8)_____hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9)_____after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)______original wording.模拟1We live in a society which there is a lot of talk about science, but I would say _____1that there are not 5 percent of the people who are equipped with school, including college, to understand scientific reasoning. We are more ignorant of science as people _____2with comparable education in Western Europe.There are a lot of kids who know everything about computers—how to buildthem, how to take them apart, and how to write programs for games. So if you ask _____3them to explain about the principles of physics that have gone into creating the _____4 computer, you don’t have faintest idea. _____5The failure to understand science leads to such things like the neglect of human _____6creative power. It also takes rise to blurring of the distinction between science and _____7 technology. Lots of people don’t differ between the two. Science is the production of _____8new knowledge that can be applied or not, and technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products, machinery or the like. The two are really different, and people who have the faculty for one very seldom have a faculty for the others. _____9Science in itself is harmless, more or less. But as soon as it can provide technology,it’s not necessarily harmful. No society has yet earned to forecast the consequences _____10of new technology, which can be enormous.模拟2About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking University. ____2 The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4families to moderate size. This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Controlrespectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high risk categories. ____6 The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than two years apart.____10模拟3"Home, sweet home" is a phrase that expresses an essential attitudein the United States. Whether the reality of life in the familyhouse is sweet or no sweet. The cherished ideal of home has great S1.________ importance for many people.This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream,dramatized in the history of nineteenth-century European settlers of theAmerican West, was to find a piece of place, build a house for one's S2.________ family, and started a farm. These small households were portraits of S3.________ independence: the entire family--mother, father, children, evengrandparents—live in a small house and working together to support S4.________ each other. Anyone understood the life and death importance of family S5.________ cooperation and hard work.Although most people in the United States no longer live onfarms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as strong in the twentieth S6.________ century as it was in the nineteenth.When U.S, soldiers came home before World War II, for S7.________ example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families. But there S8.________ was a tremendous boom in home building. The new houses, typicallyin the suburbs, were often small and more or less identical, but it S9.________ satisfied a deep need. Many regarded the single-family house the basis of S10.________ their way of life.模拟4Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic.While experience taught him this was impossible, __1he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in __21000 B.C. there were weather seers in Babylon----and priestsclever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted __3the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used __4methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual __5factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals __6were sacrificed and their intestinespoked to find signs indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were __7predictions based on vegetation:"Onion's skin very thin ,mild weather coming in. Onion's skin thick and tough, coming weather is cold and rough." __8 Insects and animals were also favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his __9 lamp, then the air is always damp.""If spiders their cobwebs forsake, the weather will for certain break .""If frogs remained in pools , the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks, __10rain and cold were due." It's difficult to say whether this rhyme should be taken seriously : " Hark , I hear the asses bray. Me thinks we'll have some rain today ."模拟5It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people living on a patch of territory. It is easier to think of as a person. This is why we sometimes call Great Britain __1 "Britannia" and the United States "Columbia",and think of it as stately women. We also use masculine symbols in our __2__personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political satire in that the characters were supposed __3__to be typical members of different nationalities.The Englishman was John Bull. This name, which was sufficient flattering to be __4__adopted generally, combined the most common English first namewith a last name indicated strength. John Bull is usually __5__pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United __6States was known for "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical __7name associated with simple people from rural areas,and it seemed fitting since the United States is rural and unsophistcated, and since __8__ Americans considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to __9__the wickedness of European cities. It is possible,however, that the name was originated with President George Washington, who would __10_ often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan", referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.模拟6Middle age has its compensations. Youth is bound hand and foot with the shackles of public opinion. Middle age enjoys freedom.I remember that when i left the school i said to myself: __1 "Hence forward. I can get up when i like and go to bed when i like." That of course was an exaggeration, and i soon found that whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to achieve it. But by the time you have reached middle age you discovered how __2 much freedom it was worth to sacrifice in order to achieve any aim that __3you have on view. When i was a boy i was tortured by shyness, __4and middle age has to a great extent brought me a relief of this. I __5have now no such feeling and i save myself much discomfort. I always hated cold water, but for many years i bath in cold seas because __6i wanted to be like everybody. __7It was until quite late in life that i discovered how easy it was __8to say:"i don't know." i find with middle age no one expects me to walk twenty-five miles, or to play a scratch game of golf, or to dive from a height of thirty feet. This is all to the good and makes life pleasant, but i should no longer care if they do. That is what makes __9youth unhappy, the vehement anxiety to be like other people, and that is what makes middle age intolerable, the reconciliation with oneself.__10模拟7Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a __1fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimuli that __2produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not to be real: a __3mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, or will the sight of __4only one eye when the face is presented on profile. This attraction to __5eyes opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. __6In one study, when American four-year-old were asked to draw __7people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, and 99 percent __8of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, furthermore, where babies __9are carried on their mother's back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes like they do in other cultures. As a result, __10Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning.模拟8Humankind’s future safety and longevity of life on Earth largely depend on the environment which we live. Keeping the air we __1breathe free of pollution is a major priority towards making this earth a safe place. Other areas of concern are water, land, the ozone layer, and the preservation of flora and fauna of the planet. Every country has ecological issues to deal. In South America, __2the rain forests are rapidly disappearing as people burn and cut down trees to make for farmland. Many Middle-Eastern and Asian countries __3have a battle to fight with air, water, and land pollution. Lakes and swamps are spread with debris. __4Mass chemical spraying is used to kill pests on trees and plants. Abundant __5use of water in countries as China has caused major water shortage. __6Rivers become polluted by factories and the populations that live on their banks. Global warming is considered a major factor caused __7the droughts in eastern China, the Sudan, Ethiopia, and northern Kenya.The reduction of the ozone layer is blamed for the global warming trends in variant countries of this globe, and the spread of disease like skin __8cancer. Societies at large need to pay attention to the existing problems in order to get of the imminent danger of famine, drought and diseases __9that rise from the damage that pollution causes. __10模拟9 （比较难知识点比较细）You stare at a waterfall for a minute or two, then shift your gaze to its surrounding. What you now see appears to drift upward. You __1are board a train in a busy station when suddenly another train next __2to your starts moving forward. __3For a fraction of a second you feel that your train has lurched backward. These optical illusions occur because the brain is constantly matching its model of reality to signals from the body’s sensors and interpret what must be happening – that your train __4might have moved, not the other; that downward motion is now __5normal, so a change from it must be perceived as upward motion.The sensors that make this magic are two kinds. __6Each eye contains about 120 million rods, which provide somewhat blurry black and white vision. These are the windows of night vision; once adapted to the dark, they can detect a candle burnt __7ten miles away. Colorful vision in each eye comes from six to seven __8million structures called cones. Under ideal conditions, every cone can ―see‖ the entire rainbow spectrum of visible colors, but one type of cone is most sensitive to red, another to green, the third to __9blue. By monitoring how many wavelength of light affects the different cones, a connected ganglion cell can determine its ―color‖ and relay that data. Rods and cones send their messages pulsing on __10average 20 to 25 times per second along the optic nerve.模拟10DDT, the most powerful pesticide the world had ever known,exposed nature’s vulnerability. Unlike most pesticides, which effect- __1tiveness is limited to destroy one or two types of insects, DDT is __2capable of killing hundreds of different kinds at once. Developed in 1939, it first distinguished itself during the World War II, cleaning __3South Pacific islands of malaria-caused insects for U.S. troops, while __4in Europe being used as an effective delousing power. Its inventor was awarded by the Nobel Prize. __5When DDT became available for civilian use in 1945, there were only a few people who expressed the second thoughts about this __6new miracle compound. One was nature writer Edwin Way Teale,who warned, ―A spray as discriminate as DDT can upset the economy __7of nature as much as a revolution upsets social economy. Ninety percent of all insects are good, but if they are killed, things __8go out of kilter right away.‖ Another was Rachel Carson, who wrote to the Reader’s Digest to propose an article about series of __9tests on DDT being conducted not far from which she lived in Maryland. __10模拟11Transport can be a major expense for many companies,especially when cars have to be provided for both managerial and sale staff. __1As a result, it's important to keep a close eye at the many costs __2associated with company cars and how these different costs compare.The moment a new car is driven away from the showroom,its value will drop as much as 12 percent. This is what is __3 known as depreciation and is the largest single cost to thebuyer of a new vehicle. Depreciation is the highest in the __4first two years of a vehicle's life: at the end of that period a carcould be worth just the third of its brand new price. __5Although the rate of depreciation decreases as time goes by, it remains a major cost factor, as around 85 percent of company vehicles are brought brandly new. __6However, it is important to know that some carsdepreciate much more than others——regardless of price. This is often __7to do with rarity and prestige value. The more common the car,the more quickly, in general, it loses value. Exported __8models, which are restricted in number, can hold their valuebetter than those are produced domestically and widely available. __9In the same way, depreciation on a new model of a particular make may be low for the first few years after their launch. __10This happened when diesel cars were first introduced. They depreciated more slowly when they were rarely seen; now that they are relatively common, this is no longer true.模拟12The growth of the world’s population and its pressure to resources __1threaten to change the quality of life as we know it. It takes __2100,000 years of human existence for the world to reach its 1997 population of 5.85 billion people. The increase of 80 million people in 1996 alone is the equivalent of a new U.S population every 3.4years or new Canadian population every 138 days. The UN population Fund predicts that by the year 2050, the world population have __3exploded to 10 billion people. This would double in less than a century the already bulging population who existed when it reached __45 billion in 1987. The chemicals we spew into the air also cause disease.For example, they attack the Earth’s ozone layer, which helps shield the Earth away the Sun’s deadly ultraviolet rays. It is well established __5that the ozone layer has thinned considerably during recent decades.Concomitantly, the rate of new cases of the dead skin cancer, __6melanoma, has grown dramatically from 1,168 of each 100,000 __7Americans to 3,650. This 213 percent increase means that 40,300 Americans diagnosed with melanoma in 1997 and 3,650 died of the __8disease. There are some scientists who believe that pollution is even threatening the ability of humans to produce. Chemicals which are __9used to make pesticides, plastic, and other products are finding their ways into the human food chain through fish and even through __10breast milk.模拟13Something has been happening to the concept of "fiction",either in critical discourse and elsewhere. For a long time, __1this concept operated under common understood restrictions. __2It was used to refer to a certain genre of literature; a certain __3aspect of literature in general——the element of plot, action,or fable, including such constituents like character, setting, __4scene, and so on; and to any narrative or story contained __5a large element of invention. But recently, the concept of "fiction" has undergone an extension. Though still used to __6refer to the action or plot of literary work, it has come to __7be appllied to something more: to the ideas, themes, and beliefs that are being embodied in the action or plot. It is __8not only the events in literature that are regarded as fictive but the "message" or "world view" conveyed in the presentation of the events as well. And this is not the end of the matter.Gone a step further, critics now sometimes suggest, by a kind __9of tautology, that literary meanings are fictions although all __10meanings are fictions, this critical view asserts that "life" and "reality" are themselves fictions.模拟14Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated from London to New York City when she was ten year's old. One day, she decided that she wanted __1to be a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. Before writing __2many letters seeking an admission to medical school, she __3was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. Therefore __4determined she was that she taught in school and gave __5music lessons to earn money for her tuition.In 1849,until graduating from medical school, she decided __6to farther her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, __7but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.Upon returning to the US, she found difficult to start her __8own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, managed to open a new hospital,the first for woman and children. Besides being the first __9female physician and found her own hospital, she also __10established the first medical school for women.模拟15In department stores and closets all over the world, they are waiting. Their outward appearance seems rather appealing becausethey come in a variety of styles, textures, and colors.And they are ultimately the biggest deception that exists in the __2fashionable industry today. What are they? They are high heels __3--woman’s worst enemy ( whether she knows it or not). High heel __4shoes are the downfall of modern society. Fashion myths have led women to believe that they aremore beautiful or sophisticating __5for wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed on posing short as __6as well as long term hardships. Women should fight the high heel industry by refusing to use or purchase them in order to save the world of unnecessary physical and psychological suffering. __7 For the sake of fairness, it must be noted that there is a positive side to high heels. First, heels are excellent for aerating lawns.Anyone who has ever worn heels on grass know what I am talking __8about. A simple trip around the yard on a pair of those babies __9eliminates all needs to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides __10the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around.模拟16 (超级变态)The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The most developed a legal system becomes, the more __1societies takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment __2of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to dealing with __3an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personal carrying out judgment and punishment __4upon the person who did the offense. __5But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes personalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for __6protecting individuals from violence. In cases where he cannot be __7protected, the society is responsible for committing punishment. __8In a state controlling legal system, individuals are removed __9from the circle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the __10state assumes responsibility for their protection.模拟17The Seattle Times Company is one newspaper firm that has recognized the need for change and done something about it. In the newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity of the communities for which they provide information. It must __1reflect that diversity with their news coverage or risk losing their readers’ interest and thei r advertisers’ support. Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial minorities, the __2 paper has put into place polices and procedures for hiring and maintain a diverse workforce. The underlying reason for __3the change is that for information to be fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be reported by the same kind of population __4that reads it.A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and photographers meets regularly to evaluate The Seattle Times’ __5content and to educate the rest of the newsroom staff about diversity issues. In an addition, the paper instituted a content __6audit that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color inphotographs. Early audits __7showed that minorities were pictured far too infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate number of negative articles.The audit results from improvement in the frequency of __8majority representation and their portrayal in neutral or positive __9situations. And, with a result, The Seattle Times has improved __10as a newspaper. The diversity training and content audits helped. The Seattle Times Company to win the Personal Journal Optima's Award for excellence in managing change.模拟18A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handling, it may become a driving force. When __1the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any other competitor, given its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its __2scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies that the war had destroyed. __3It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans found __4 themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competition. Some __5huge American industries, such as consumer electronic, had shrunk __6or vanished in the face of foreign competition. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market and America’s machine-tool industry was on the rope. For a while it looked as __7though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and sat at the __8heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped talking prosperity for grant. They began to believe that their way of doing __9business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980 brought one inquiry after __10another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about growing competition from overseas模拟19What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it’s described like __1the personality of an organization, or simp ly as ―how things are done around here.‖ It guides what employees think, act, and feel. __2Corporate culture is a wide term used to define the unique personality __3or character of a particular company or organization, and include __4such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company’s mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration, by what people wear to work, by how people address to each other, and in the titles given to various __5employees. How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture after you have worked at the company for a number of months, __6but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with the research before __7the interview and ending with observation at the interview. The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time on the work environment- __8and to be happy, successful, and productive, you will want to be in a place where you fit for the culture, a place where you can have __9voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth. __10模拟20 (注意几个词的用法！)There are three main groups of oils: animal, vegetable and mineral.Great numbers of animal oil come from whales, those enormous __1creatures of the sea which are the largest remaining animals in the world. To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick cover of fat called blubber. When the __2whale is killed, the blubber is stripped off and boiled down, either board the ship or on shore. It produces a great quantity of oil which __3can be made into food for human consumption. A few other creatures yield oil, and none so much as the whale. The livers of the cod and __4the halibut, two kinds of fish, yield nourishing oil. Both cod liver oil and halibut liver oil are given to sick children and other invalids who need certain vitamins. These oils may be bought at any chemist. Vegetable oil has been known from antiquity. __5No household can not get on without it, for it is used in cooking. To __6the ordinary man, one kind of oil may be as important as another.But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, one almost always __7means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships,motor-cars and diesel locomotives; the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineries. This is the oil that has changed the life __8of the common men. To it we owe the existence of the motor-car, __9which has replaced the private horse-drawing carriage. __10模拟21Not too many decades ago it seemed ―obvious‖ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosed their responsibilities __1to kins (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place __2for superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. __3However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the ―obvious‖ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you if you are a resident of a smaller community. __4But, for the most part, this fact has a few significant consequences. __5It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.。

1999年专业英语八级考试真题(2)

1999年专业英语八级考试真题(2)b)tax-free改错Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.___human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2.___with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gatherers, including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate on fishingand only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.___studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.___edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.___Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6.___diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care.7.___They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average American 8.___adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life 9.___style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for 10.___healthier diet.阅读APart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min )In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen m ultiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT ARicci’s “Operation Columbus”Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plan s to market an English language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR , in the United States. Once again the skeptice are murmuring that the successfu l Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wr ong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbu s ” and has set his sights on discovering an American readershipof 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMR — the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci-is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US $ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after th e Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-langua ge edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get o ver “an inferiority complex about their art.” He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two -way cultural exchange —what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterpris ing —and expensive-promotional campaigns in magazine —publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a spe cial Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Co lumbus is a staggering US $ 5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporations.“ Toland in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one s entence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shor es. In Italy he gambled — and won — on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 fu ll-colour pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous e yeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable. “I don’t expect that more than 30% of my reader... will actually read FMR,” he says. “The magazine is such a visual delight that they don’t have to.” Still, he is lining up an impr es sive stable of writers and professors for the American edition , including Noam Chomsky, Anthony Burgess, Eric Jong and Norman Mailer. In addition, he seems to be pursuing his won eclectic vision without giving a moment’s thought to such e s tablished competitors as Connosisseur and Horizon. “The Americans can do almost everything better than we can,” says Rieci, “But we(the Italians)have a 2,000 year edge on them in art.”16. Ricci intends his American edition of FMR to carry more American art works in order to___.A. boost Americans’confidence in their artB. follow the pattern set by his Italian editionC. help Italians understand American art betterD. expand the readership of his magazine17. Ricci is compared to Columbus in the passage mainly because___.A. they both benefited from Italian sponsorsB. they were explorers in their own waysC. they obtained overseas sponsorshipD. they got a warm reception in America18. We get the impression that the American edition of FMR will probably ___.A. carry many academic articles of high standardB. follow the style of some famous existing magazinesC. be mad by one third of American magazine readersD. pursue a distinctive editorial style of its ownTEXT BMy mother’s relations were very different from the Mitfords. Her brother, Uncle Geoff, who often came to stay at Swimbrook, was a small spare man with th oughtful blue eyes and a rather silent manner. Compared to Uncle Tommy, he was a n intellectual of the highest order, and indeed his satirical pen belied his mil d demeanor. He spent most of his waking hours composing letters to The Times and other publications in which he outlined his own particular theory of the develo pment of English history. In Uncle Geoff’s view, the greatness of England had risen and waned over the centuries in direct proportion to the use of natural man ure in fertilizing the soil. The Black Death of 1348 was caused by gradual loss of the humus fertility found under forest trees. The rise of the Elizabethans tw o centuries later was attributable to the widespread use of sheep manure.Many of Uncle Geoff’s letters-to-the-editor have fortunately been preserv ed in a privately printed volume called Writings of a Rebel. Of the collection, one letter best sums up his views on the relationship between manure and freedom. He wrote:Collating old records shows that our greatness rises and falls with the li ving fertility of our soil. And now, many years of exhausted and chemically murd ered soil, and of devitalized food from it, has softened our bodies and still wo rse, softened our national character. It is an actual fact that character is lar gely a product of the soil. Many years of murdered food from deadened soil has m ade us too tame. Chemicals have had their poisonous day. It is now the worm’s t urn to reform the manhood of England. The only way to regain our punch, our char acter, our lost virtues, and with them the freedom natural to islanders, is to c o mpost our land so as to allow moulds, bacteria and earthworms to remake living s oil to nourish Englishmen’s bodies and spirits.The law requiring pasteurization of milk in England was a particulartarge t of Uncle Geoff’s. Fond of alliteration, he dubbed it “Murdered Milk Measure ”, and established the Liberty Restoration League,with headquarters at his house i n London, for the specific purpose of organizing a counteroffensive. “Freedom n o t Doctordom” was the League’s proud slogan. A subsidiary, but nevertheless imp or tant, activity of the League was advocacy of a return to t he “unsplit, slowly s m oked fish” and bread made with “English stone-ground flour, yeast, milk, sea s alt and raw cane-sugar.”19. According to Uncle Geoff, national strength could only be regained by ___.A. reforming the manhood of EnglandB. using natural manure as fertilizerC. eating more bacteria-free foodD. granting more freedom to Englishmen20. The tone of the passage can most probably be described as___.A. facetiousB. seriousC. nostal gicD. factual。