2016年职称英语《卫生类》概括大意练习题

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职称英语试题《卫生A》概括大意练习题

职称英语试题《卫生A》概括大意练习题Things to Know about the U.K.(1) From Buckingham Palace to Oxford, the U.K. is loaded with wonderful icons (标志) of past eras. But it has also modernized with confidence. It's now better known for vibrant (充满活力的) cities with great nightlife and attraction. Fashions, fine dining, clubbing, shopping—the U.K. is among the world's best.(2) Most people have strong preconceptions about the British. But if you're one of these people,you'd be wise to abandon those ideas. Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities, a football match, or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable. It's certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers, sports supporters, pet owners and gardeners than the U.K.(3) Getting around England is pretty easy. Budget (廉价的) airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically. Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another. Long distance express buses are called coaches. Where coaches and btises run on the same route,coaches are more expensive (though quicker) than buses. London's famous black cabs are excellent but expensive. Minicabs are cheaper competitors, with freelance (个体的) drivers.But usually you need to give a call first. London's underground is called the Tube. It's veryconvenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.(4) The U.K. is not famous for its food. But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods. The most famous must be fish and chips. The fish and chips are deep fried in flour.English breakfast is something you need to try. It is fried bacon, sausages, flied eggs, black pudding, flied tomatoes, flied bread and baked beans, with toast and a pot of tea. Other things like shepherd's pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.(5) Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife, especially for the young. Pubbing means going to a pub with friends, having drinks, and chatting. Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub, or a place of music, or a bar, or any other places to gather with friends.Clubbing can be found everywhere. Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing, such as no jeans, no sportswear, or smart clubwear, while pubbing is much more casual.23. Paragraph 2__________24. Paragraph 3 __________25. Paragraph 4 __________26. Paragraph 5 __________A. EducationB. PeopleC. TransportD. DrinksE. FoodF. Nightlife27. The U.K. is a country that is __________.28. The British people are __________.29. Coaches in the U.K. are__________.30. Fish and chips are__________.A. faster but more expensive than busesB. both ancient and modemC. humorous and hospitableD. cheap and efficientE. traditional and famousF. clever and hardworking答案及解析23.B。

职称英语卫生类C级概括大意考题和答案下

职称英语卫生类C级概括大意考题和答案下以下是笔者为大家整理的关于职称英语等级考试的文章，供大家学习参考！Friendly Relations with the People Around1 You depend on all the people closely around to give you the warm feeling of belongingness (归属) that you must have to feel secure. But， in fact， the members of all the groups to which you belong also depend on you to give that feeling to them. A person who shows that he wants everything for himself is bound (一定的) to be a lonely wolf.2 The need for companionship is closely related to the need for a sense of belongingness. How sad and lonely your life would be if you had no one to share your feelings and experiences. You may take it for granted that there always will be people around to talk to and to do things with you and for you. The important point， however， is that keeping emotionally healthydoes not depend so much upon having people around you as upon your ability to establish relationships that are satisfying both to you and to them.3 Suppose you are in a crowd watching a football game. Yo u don’t know them. When the game is over， you will all go your separate ways. But just for a while you had a feeling of companionship， of sharing the feelings of others who were cheering for the team you wanted to win.4 An experience of this kind gives the clue (线索) to what companionship really is. It depends upon emotional ties of sympathy， understanding， trust，and affection. Companions become friends when these ties are formed.5 When you are thrown in a new circle of acquaintances (熟人)， you may not know with whom you will make friends， but-you can be sure that you will be able to establish friendships if you show that you really like people.1 Paragraph 22 Paragraph 33 Paragraph 44 Paragraph 5A Making friends with new acquaintancesB Close link between companionship and belongingnessC How to satisfy other people’s needsD An example of a satisfying relationshipE Difficulties in establishing friendshipsF What companionship really is5 If you had no one to share your feelings， your life would be6 The warm feeling of belongingness may give you7 The ability to establish fine relations with others will keep you8 You will find it hard to make friends with peopleA without pityB sad and lonelyC emotionally healthyD without real love for themE a sense of securityF a lonely wolf【参考答案】1. B2. D3. F4. A5. B6. E7. C8. D。

职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(4)

职称英语考试/模拟试题2016年职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(4)2015职称英语卫生类考试概括大意习题(4)The Meaning of dreams1.Dreams play an important role in our lives.If they can be correctly explained,we can come to understand ourselves better.Here,we look at four common dreams and what they potentially symbolize.2.I can see their laughing faces…laughing at me.But they aren't as smart.If they were,they'd be up here flying with me! This dream has bothpositive and negative connotations(涵义).On the positive side,the dream may express a strong desire to travel and get away from everyday routine.It can be interpreted as a powerful desire to achieve.On the other hand,this dream can mean the person has a problem or is afraid of something and they wish to escape.The dream could represent an inferioritycomplex(自卑情结),which the dreamer attempts to escape from by putting themselves up above others.3.I'm moving from fast now,but it's still behind me.Doesn't matter how fast I go,I stillcan't escape.Although this is a traditional symbol of health and vitality(生命力) like the otherone,it can also suggest the dreamer is trying to escape from ually,fear is prominent emotion.By running hard,the dreamer can possibly escape the threat.However,they can also stumble(蹒跚) or worse still stop moving altogether.This makes dream even more terrifying(恐怖的).One possible interpretation suggests that the dream is under pressure in their everyday life…4.I'm sweating and my heart is beating.I'm trapped in my own bed.In this dream,the person is often standing on a high,exposed place such as on the top of a tower,or on the edge of a cliff.The overwhelming(强烈的) feeling changes from anxiety to loss of control.There is nothing to stop the person,and the feeling as they go over the edge canbe horrifyingly(恐怖地) real.Fortunately,just before hitting the ground,the dreamer awakens with a sense of enormous relief.This dream suggests that the dreamer is afraid of losing control and has a fear of failure or even death.5.The wind is pushing me and I slip.There's nothing I can do...nothing I can hold on to.This symbol is associated with fear: suddenly the dreaming loses all power of movement.They try hard to move their arms and legs,but they simply cannot.Frozen in a terrifying situation with no escape,they became more and more terrified as the seconds go by.Another frequent context for this dream is failing to do something in Public,often something which you are normally very good at,such as your job.Not only is this extremely embarrassing,but it also shows a deep-seatedphobia(恐惧) of losing a job and a livelihood.23.Paragraph 2________24.Paragraph 3________25.Paragraph 4________26.Paragraph 5________A Dream of climbing treesB Dream of diving into the waterC Dream of running hardD Dream of falling downE Dream of being pushed awayF Dream of flying into the air27.If a person puts himself up above others in the dream,he may____.28.If a person dreams of being chased by others,he may ____.29.If a person dreams of going over the edge ofa cliff,he may ____.30.If a person dreams of failing to do something in public,he may _ ___.A be afraid of losing his job in real lifeB feel inferior in realityC feel lonely in everyday lifeD feel tired in real lifeE be under pressure in everyday lifeF be afraid of losing control in real life参考答案：FCDEBEFA2016年职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(4).doc [全文共1809字] 编号：6356971。

2016年职称英语（卫生类）教材概括大意文章及练习（8）

Lung Cancer1. The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years. It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts. There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy. Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air （smoke particles,smog,exhaust fumes）,and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.2. Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits. Among heavy smokers —21 to 30 cigarettes per day —the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers. It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.3. Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an x-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis. Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation1 from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an early diagnosis of lung cancer. Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained2. Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger,at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.34. A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma4,so-called because the malignancy originates in5 a bronchus. The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off6 the supply of air to that lung. The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become infected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess. Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes7 of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body. The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to remove the lung completely. This operation is called pneumonectomy.5. Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland8 and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths.词汇：blameworthy 该受责备的 bronchus.⽀⽓管irritant刺激物；adj.有刺激性的 smog烟雾secretion .分泌（作⽤）；分泌物 fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟；⽓pneumonia .肺炎 correlation 相关，关联abscess 脓肿 mortality 死亡率pneumonectomy 肺切除术 tuberculosis 结核病malignant 恶性的，有害的注释：1.exposure to radiation：接触放射线2.if any possibility of cure is to be maintained：如果想要保持治愈的可能性的话。

职称英语卫生类考试题及答案（2）

职称英语卫生类考试题及答案（2）2016职称英语卫生类考试题及答案二、概括大意Stanford UniversityStanford University, famous as one of northern California’s several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called "the Harvard of the West." The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan flavor.The students are enrolled mainly from the western United State. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.Not only because of the high caliber of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to its faculty some of the world’s most respected scholars. The university staff has included many Nobel Prize winners such as Dr. Felix Bloch, Dr. Robert Hofstadter, and Dr. William Shockley in physics, Dr. Author Kornberg and Dr. Joshua Lederberg in medicine, and Dr. Paul J. Flory and Dr. Linus Pauling in chemistry. The Russian novelist Aleksander Solzhenistsyn has been in residence. Stanford’s und ergraduate school of engineering and its graduate schools of business, law, and medicine are especially well-regarded.What is student life like on "The Farm"? Culturally, the campus is a magnet for both students and citizens of nearby communities. Plays, concerts, and operas are performed in theuniversity’s several auditoriums and in its outdoor theater, where graduations are also held. Several film series are presented during the school year. Guest lecturers from public and academic life frequently appear on campus. In the evenings, many students gather to socialize in the Student Union’s coffee house; here the beverages an the atmosphere both have a decidedly European flavor. For the sports-minded, the Stanford campus offer highly developed athletic facilities. Team sports, swimming, and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. So are bicycling and jogging.In addition to financial support from alumni, Stanford receives grants from the government and from private philanthropic foundations. In recent years, government grants have made possible advanced studies in the fields of history, psychology, education, and atomic energy. At presents Stanford is carrying out an ambitions building program, financed in part by the Ford Fou ndation’s 25 million grant. Recently added to the campus are a new physics building, new school of business, new graduate school of law, new student union, and undergraduate library.EXERCISE:1. Paragraph 2______2. Paragraph 3______3. Paragraph 4______4. Paragraph 5______A Colorful life on the campusB Intelligent student bodyC School administrationD Distinguished facultyE Substantial financial supportF The Harvard of the west1. Paragraph 12. Paragraph 33. Paragraph 44. Paragraph 65. Those high school graduates who can enter Stanford University ______.6. Many professors like to teach in this university partly because here _____.7. On the faculty of the university there are ______.8. Financial support from both private organizations and the government has made possible _____.A they can find the best studentsB the university’s academic advancement and physical extensionC some of the most distinguished scholars of the worldD where a sports meet is held every yearE must have been the top students in their classF must be hardworking参考答案：B D A E E A C B三、补全短文The influence of televisionAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York city when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table.__________(46) At one poin t the woman asked :”So, how have you been? ”And the boy? who could not have been more than seven or eight years old? replied. ” Frankly, I ‘ve been feeling a little depressed latterly. ”This incident stuck in my mind deeply.___________ (47) As far as I ca n remember. My friends and I didn’t find out we were“depressed ”until we were in high school.The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years._________(48) Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to .Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different .Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why?Human development is based not only on innate biological states ,but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from on social tote (生搬硬套) to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status.._____________(49) Traditionally ,we tell sixth grades things we keep hidden from fifth graders.In the last 30 years , however ,a secret??revelation machine has been installed in 98 percent of the American homes._____________ (50) Television passes information ,and indiscriminately , to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn attention from printed texts to the less challenging ,more vivid moving pictures.Actually , communication through print allows for great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Children must read simple books before thy can read complex materials.A. it conformed my growing belief that children are changing.B. Children nowadays are influenced by television.C. I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation.D. Children have always bee taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages.E. Children don’t seem childlike anymore.F. It is called television. 参考答案：C A E D F。

职称英语卫生类概括大意专项练习题

职称英语卫生类概括大意专项练习题职称英语卫生类概括大意专项练习题饭可以一日不吃，觉可以一日不睡，书不可以一日不读。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的职称英语卫生类概括大意专项练习题，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!第一篇Music Used as a Healing Therapy1 Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems. In 400BC, its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently, in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy (疗法) with people suffering from trauma (外伤). Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer, and it has also been used by patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.2 There is growing evidence that music can cause physical changes to the body which can improve our health. In the Welcome Trust Study, which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London, patients were asked to listen to musical performances. As a result, it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced, recovery times were improved, and fewer drugs were needed.3 These very positive results are partly due to general well-being (良好的健康状况). It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life. They are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.4 However, not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects whichhave not yet been understood. According to Professor Robertson, a scientist and musician, some effects of music are mysterious and are, therefore, being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.5 Science, however, demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music, since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even "prescribe" (开处方) music, but that could be a long time in the future.1. Paragraph 1 __________2. Paragraph 2__________3. Paragraph 3 __________4. Paragraph 4 __________A. Potential dangers of music therapyB. Increase in general well-beingC. History of music therapyD. Other mysterious effects of musicE. Positive physical changes caused by musicF. Music and your body5. Researchers have found that patients' stress levels decrease when they __________.6. Music can treat patients partly because __________.7. Those who always look on the bright side of life are more likely to __________.8. Many doctors don't believe that music can treat diseases because __________.A. recover from disease quicklyB. there is not enough hard evidenceC. use their minds activelyD. it improves general well-beingE. listen to musical performancesF. it brings many other benefits第二篇Anti-Aging Secrets: Four Ways to Stay Young1 The aging process is not easy for anyone. While some people accept getting older and do everything within their power to keep the mind and body active, others adopt a negative attitude and give in to the effects of aging. However, the key to feeling young is maintaining a young mental state. Moreover, simple lifestyle changes can make you feel years younger.2 Keeping the mind active is the best medicine against aging. Studies have shown that persons who remain active following retirement live longer. Brainpower and physical fitness go hand-in-hand. When minds are sharpened or active, we are more likely to be physically active.Even if aging results in slight memory loss or a little confusion, brain exercises such as crossword puzzles (填字字谜) can improve memory.3 Some persons are naturally introverted (内倾性格的) or shy, which can result in isolation. If you want to live a long life, avoid isolation. Maintaining healthy relationships has lasting benefits. Establishing strong relationships could lower blood pressure, promote relaxation,ease pain, and may even strengthen the immune system (免疫系统).4 Too much stress can quickly age people. Completely ridding (使摆脱) our lives of stress is impossible. On the other hand, we can adopt simple techniques for better coping withlife's problems, including reducing chaos, setting realistic goals, and relaxing.5 If you think that you are old, you feel old. Try to be cheerful and avoid developing a negative attitude towards life. Sometimes, this involves changing our association.Surrounding yourself with complainers will start to influence your attitude to life. We all experience hardships. Rather than focusing on the unpleasant, reflect on the positive things about life.1. Paragraph 2__________2. Paragraph 3__________3. Paragraph 4 __________4. Paragraph 5 __________A. Avoid IsolationB. Adopt a Positive Attitude to LifeC. Keep Your Mind ActiveD. Maintain BalanceE. Accept FailureF. Reduce Stress5. There is no better medicine against aging than __________.6. Isolation may keep a person from __________.7. Relaxation is one of the techniques for better __________.8. It is wise of us to avoidA. dealing with life's problemsB. keeping the mind activeC. changing our associationD. living a long lifeE. setting realistic goalsF. focusing on the unpleasant第三篇The Drink Your Body Needs Most1 Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.2 We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches,and constipation (便秘) A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3 A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need.For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day.If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water.When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4 It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don'tneed.1. Paragraph 1 __________2. Paragraph 2 __________3. Paragraph 3 __________4. Paragraph 4 __________A. Ounces of water needed per dayB. Importance of waterC. Composition of waterD. Signs of dehydrationE. Supply of waterF. Necessity for bringing a bottle for water5. You can't live6. Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water__________.7. The amount of water your body needs per day is closely related __________.8. Don't forget to drink enough water evenA. in your bodyB. without waterC. before longD. for a changeE. on a busy dayF. to your weight答案与解析第一篇1. C。

年职称英语考试卫生类概括大意检测练习

年职称英语考试卫生类概括大意检测练习20XX年职称英语考试卫生类概括大意检测练习When it es to family, we are all still children at heart. No matter how old we get,we always need a place to call home.以下是为大家搜索的20XX年卫生类概括大意检测练习，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person‘s behavior may be the main cause of a health problem， but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes， the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child， and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services， but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of this is immunization (免疫)： scientists have made many vaines (疫苗) to prevent diseases， but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health， prevents illness， cures disease， and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals，families， groups， organizations， and munities are at theheart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education， but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources， effectiveness of munity leadership， social support from family members，and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is inplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also， in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families， munities， and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.1 Paragraph 2.2 Paragraph 3.3 Paragraph 4.4 Paragraph 5.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting FactorsB Importance of ImmunizationC Relationship with Other Health ServicesD Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy BehaviorE Encouraging Unhealthy BehaviorF Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health5 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of.6 Immunization helps to.7 Health education cannot take the place of.8 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for.A many vainesB prevent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behaviorF other health services23. C 24. F 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. F 30. D。

2016年职称英语卫生类a级概况大意真题及答案

2016年职称英语卫生类a级概况大意真题及答案第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23——30题，每题1分，共8分) 题目暂无下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2——5 段每段选择1个标题;(2)第27——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。

SleepWell to Be Well1 Doyou often feel tired in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven oreight hours the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much asyou think you are. In other words, your sleep efficiency is not that good.2 Sleepexperts define “sleep efficiency”as the percentage of time lying down that youare actually sleeping. According to explanatory journalism website , thescience of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no specific number forefficiency that’s been proven as linked to poorhealth. However, according to aNew York Times report about sleep quality, some experts estimate a roughballpark (范围) of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.3 Shortwavelength blue light, emitted (放出) by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smartphones,stops production of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin (褪黑素) andmakes you feel more alert. Blue light tells your brain it’s daytime. Expertssuggest turning off your computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30minutes before bed.4 Goto bed and wake up at the same time, or relatively the same time, every day.Avoid binge sleeping (狂睡) on the weekend. Consistency is key to a good night’s sleep,especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time,your brain acclimates to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparationfor you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time.5 Oneof the biggest peaks in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm timeframe, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If youaren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel anoverwhelming desire to sleep in the afternoon. When thishappens, you’re betteroff taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than resorting to caffeine orstrong tea to keep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need toget through the rest of the afternoon, and you’ll sleep much better in theevening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 5A. Definethe sleep related termsB. TakenapsC. Turnoff the devices emitting blue lightD. Keepa consistent sleep scheduleE. Improvesleep qualityF. Avoidblue light at night27. The tiredness in the morning even aftermany hours in bed is due to28. Sleeping less than 85% of the timespent lying in bed might cause29. A lower production of the hormone melatoninis due to30. A strong desire to sleep in theafternoon is the result ofA. along afternoon napB. thepeak production of melatoninC. poorhealthD. lowsleep efficiencyE. goodsleep efficiencyF. exposureto blue light。

职称英语卫生类概括大意练习

职称英语卫生类概括大意练习Ward off Travel Bugs1 As the holiday season approaches, so does the prospect of jet lag, an upset stomach or sunburn2. With care and some help from natural sources, however, it is quite possible to avoid these problems.2 You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable, but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus andbifidobacteria3, you can reduce the likelihood of succumbing to4 poisoning brought on5 by food or water tainted with unfamiliar bacteria.3 By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract, you crowd out the pathogenic bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold.6 The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics in your gut.4 In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics： drink bottled water, avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene is adequate. If you do succumb to food poisoning, drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and see a doctor. However，if you detect diarrhea early enough, you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes, which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.5 Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel7 can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses，allowing them to be safely passed outof the gut. When you pack, include grapefruit-seed extract8, which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial, anti- parasitic，anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.6 Your flight can also be made more pleasant.Peppermint oil and ginger capsules9 ward off motion sickness，but a more delicious option is to nibble on crystallized ginger. If you tend to get earache on take-off and landing，you can use special earplugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.7 The greatest concern is “economy class syndrome”,the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis, which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs, heart or brain. To reduce this, you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated, and avoid alcohol.8 You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin10. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduceprickly heat.9 Finally, if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas, you should see a doctor.练习：1.Paragraph 1 ________.2.Paragraph 4 ________.3.Paragraph 5 ________.4.Paragraph 6 ________.A Basics of What to Eat and DrinkB Medicine Against Bacteria and VirusesC Avoiding Holiday TroublesD Basics of Having a Pleasant FlightE A Teaspoonful of Helpful SilicolF Preparations Against Food Poisoning5.Food-poisoning may pose a problem ________.6.Special earplugs can make you feel better ________.7.It is important to drink a lot of water ________.8.Don’t forget to bring necessary medicine ________.A when your plane is about to landB when you are taking tabletsC when you suffer from food-poisoningD when you are travellingE when you are packing for your tourF when you are having a cold答案与题解：1.C 实际上，这段也点明了全文的中心思想。

职称英语考试《卫生类》概括大意练习题附答案

你若盛开，蝴蝶自来。

职称英语考试《卫生类》概括大意练习题附答案职称英语考试《卫生类》概括大意练习题附答案Messages from the Media1. The weather forecast,a story about the candidates in an election,and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium,of which the plural （复数的）form is media,is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television,radio,newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.2. It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements,for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages,even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products.3. Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think,for a moment,about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media?What about international news?What is the most important source of information for you?People who are asked this question usually answer,Television.4. Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast,or maybe you read第1页/共3页千里之行，始于足下。

历年职称英语卫生A概括大意练习题

历年职称英语卫生A精选概括大意练习题历年职称英语卫生A精选概括大意练习题A child is not a vase to filled but a fire to be lit.以下是为大家搜索的历年卫生A精选概括大意练习题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!Sometimes we say that someone we know is a "square peg in a round hole"(1). This simply means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He may be a bookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately, many people in the world are "square pegs"; they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing, for one reason or another. As a result they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude test, interview with specialists, and study of books in our field of interest.There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science. Then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists, or biologists. Maybe our interests take us into the business world and such work as aounting, personnel management or public relations. Many persons findtheir place in government service. Teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering---these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training.1. Paragraph 1.2. Paragraph 2.3. Paragraph 3.A) Job choices for the talentedB) Importance of finding the right jobC) Result of taking the wrong jobD) Variety of jobs open to all4. A person who is not doing the right job cannotexpect to .5. To find the job most suitable for yourself, you should first of all .6. There are actually various kinds of jobs we all can .7. There are numerous ways to find out .A) spend more time in schoolB) what job suit you bestC) choose fromD) do it well and feel fortable in itE) find out what your talents are。

职称英语卫生类概括大意与完成句子练习(1)

职称英语卫生类概括大意与完成句子练习(1)Smoke gets in your mind1. Lung cancer, hypertension, heart disease, birth defects – we are all too familiar with the dangers of smoking. But add to that list a frightening new concern. Mental illness. According to some controvesial new findings, if smoking does not kill you, it may, quite literally, drive you to despair.2. The tobacco industry openly pushes its product as something to lift your mood and smoothe anxiety. But the short-term feel-good effect may mask the truth: that smoking may worsen or even trigger anxiety disorders, panic attacks and depression, perhaps even schizophrenia.3. Cigarettes and mental illness have always tened to together. An estimated 1.25 billion people smoke worldwide. Yet people who are depressed or anxious are twice as likely to smoke, and up to 88 precent of those with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are smokers. A recent American survey concluded that around half of all cigarettes burn in the fingers of those with mental illness.4. But the big question is why? The usual story is that the illness comes first. Mentally ill people take up smoking, or smoke more, to alleviate some of their distress. Even when smoking seems to start before the illness, most doctors believe that early but invisible symptoms of the desire to light up. But perhaps something more sinister.5. A growing number of researchers claim that smoking is the cause, not the consequence of clinical depression and several forms of anxiety. “we know a lot ab out the effects of smoking on physical health, and now we are also starting to see the adverse effects in new research on mental illness ,” says Naomi Breslau, director of research at the Henry Ford Health Care System in Detroit.6. Breslau was one of the first to consider this heretical possibility. The hint came from studies, published in 1998, which followed a group of just over 1,000 young adults for a five-year period. The 13 percent who began the study with major depression were around three times more likely to progress from being light smokers to daily smokers during the course of the study, though there was no evidence that depression increased the tendency to take up smoking. But a history of daily smoking before the study commenced roughly doubled the risk of developing major depression during the five-year period. Smoking, it seems, could pre-date illness.7. At first Breslau concluded that whatever prompts people to smoke might also make them depressed. But as the results of other much larger studies began to back the statistical link, she became more convinced than ever that what she was seeing were sings that smoking, perhaps the nicotine itself, could somehow affect the brain and cause depression.8. One of these larger studies was led by Goodman, a paediatrician. She followed the health of two groups of teenagers for a year. The first group of 8704 adolescents were not depressed, and might or might not have been smokers, while the second group of 6947 were highly depressed and had not been smokers in the past month. After a year her team found that although depressed teenagers were more likely to have become heavy smokers, previous experimentation with smoking was the strongest predictor of such behaviour, not the depression itself. What is more important is that teenagers who started out mentally fit but smoked at least one packet per week during the study were four times more likely to develop depression than their non-smoking peers. Goodman says that depression does not seem to start before cigarette use among teens. “Current cigarette use is, however, a powerful determinantof developing high depressive symptoms”.9. Breslau, too, finds that smokers are as much as four times more likely to have an isolated panic attack and three times more likely to develop longer-term panic disorder than non-smokers. It’s a hard message to get across, because many smokers say they become anxious when they quit, not when they smoke. But Breslau says that this is a short-lived effect of withdrawal which masks the reality that, in general, smokers have higher anxiety levels than non-smokers or ex-smokers.1. Paragraph 3____________.2. Paragraph 4____________.3. Paragraph 6____________.4. Paragraph 8____________.A. Doubt about the usual beliefB.Researcher’s opinions dividedC.Positive effects of smoking as advertisedD.close association between depression and smokingE.Breslau’s conclusion supported by another larger studyF.Effect of smoking on mental health initially proved标准答案：C,A,F,E19、5. Nowadays many doctors have become aware that smoking is not only a Hazard to people’s physical health _______.6. The cigarette ads which claim that smoking can help soothe anxiety _______.7. Bresl au’s study ______ than Goodman’s but lasted longer.8. To contradict Breslau’s conclusion, many smokers say that they are less anxious when they smoke ________.A.have been proved to be misleadingB.but to their mental health as wellC.taking up smokingD.involved fewer peopleE.they started to smoke at an early ageF.But their level of anxiety increases when they quit smoking 标准答案：B,A,D,F。

职称英语考试卫生类B概括大意训练题

XX年职称英语考试卫生类B概括大意训练题xx年职称英语考试卫生类B概括大意训练题不少考生开始备考xx年考试，为了帮助大家更好地备考职称英语考试，网为大家提供了相应的练习题，以下是xx年职称英语考试卫生类B概括大意训练题，供大家练习。

【】1.Our bodies are estimated to be about 60% to 70% water. Blood is mostly water and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygento our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.2.We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration ( 呼吸 ), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptomsof mild dehydration (脱水) include chronic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches,and constipation(便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water.Thirst is all obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty.3.A good rule of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need.For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day.If you exercise you should drink another 8-ounce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane.4. It may be difficult to drink enough water on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar or artificial sweeteners that you don't need.23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A. Ounces of water needed per dayB. Importance of waterC. Composition of waterD. Signs of dehydrationE. Supply of waterF. Necessity for bringing a bottle for water27. You can't live28. Dehydration may our if there is a shortage of water29. The amount of water your body needs per day isclosely related30. Don't forget to drink enough water evenA. in your bodyB. without waterC. before longD. for a changeE. on a busy dayF. to your weight23.B。

职称英语卫生类概括大意练习试题

职称英语卫生类概括大意练习试题更多精彩内容请及时____应届毕业生考试网!阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的'6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

概括大意与完成句子题ZYBAN Tablets(药片)1 ZYBAN is a prescription (处方) medicine to help people quit smoking. Studies have shown that more than one third of people quit smoking for at least one month while taking ZYBAN. For many patients, ZYBAN reduces withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾过程中产生的病症) and the strong wish to smoke.4 It takes about 1 week for ZYBAN to reach the right levels in your body to be effective So, to increase your chance of quitting as much as possible, you should not stop smoking until you have been takingZYBAN for 1 week. You should set a date to stop smoking during the second week you're taking ZYBAN.5 The side effects (副作用) associated with ZYBAN are generally mild and often disappear after a few weeks. The most mon side effects are dry mouth and difficulty in sleeping. If you have difficulty sleeping, avoid taking your medicine too close to bedtime1 Paragraph 2__________ .2 Paragraph 3__________ .3 Paragraph 4__________ .4 Paragraph 5__________ .A How should I take ZYBAN?B What is ZYBAN?C What are the side effects of taking ZYBAN?D Who invented ZYBAN?E How long should I take ZYBAN?F How long does it take for ZYBAN to work?5 For the first 3 days, ZYBAN should betaken__________ .6 To quit smoking for good, you should take ZYBAN for__________ .7 The time it takes for ZYBAN to be effectiveis__________ .8 The side effects of taking ZYBAN often goaway__________ .A only once a dayB around 8 hoursC at least 7 to 12 weeksD on the fourth dayE about 1 weekF after a few weeks【参考答案】1. A2. E3. F4. C5. A6. C7. E8. F。

职称英语考试卫生C概括大意练习题

最新职称英语考试卫生C概括大意练习题更多精彩内容请及时____应届毕业生考试网!阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第1-4题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1-4段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5-8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。

概括大意与完成句子题Health Education1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper useof these services. One exle of this is immunization (免疫): scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and munities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicinghealth education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of munity leadership, social supportfrom family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methodsto help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Healtheducation is inplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, munities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.1 Paragraph 2_________ .2 Paragraph 3_________ .3 Paragraph 4_________ .4 Paragraph 5_________ .A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting FactorsB Importance of ImmunizationC Relationship with Other Health ServicesD Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy BehaviorE Encouraging Unhealthy BehaviorF Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health5 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of_________.6 Immunization helps to _________.7 Health education cannot take the placeof_________ .8 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _________.A many vaccinesB prevent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behaviorF other health services【参考答案】1. C2. F3. A4. D5. C6. B7. F8. D。

职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(6)

职称英语考试/模拟试题2016年职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(6)Old Man Myths and Realities1.When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially,of course,it's when we reach retirement age.But,as we all know,this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making.As life expectancy (预期寿命) increases,retirement planning needs to be changed.This is because being an old man today is very different from what it was a generation or so ago.2.Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man.These days people are talking about the young-old,that is ages 70-75,and those over 75 as the old-old.The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family.The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.3.Although men are living longer,there arestill more old women than old men.This fact alone should arouse interest as to why.Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man.Sure,we are aware that the old man experiencesanxiety,financial problems,loneliness,etc,butthat's really about all we know.4.It is usually believed that the old man often complains about their health.In fact,most ratetheir health as good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.1.Paragraph 1_________.2.Paragraph 2_________.3.Paragraph 3_________.4.Paragraph 4_________.A.New definitions of the old manB.Changing concept of the old manC.Health of the old manD.Happy old man and sad old manE.Limited knowledge of the old man's experiencesF.Contempt for the old man5.Nowadays men generally live longer than_________.6.A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as_________.7.More research should be done on the experiences of_________.8.Most old men consider themselves to be_________.A.in good healthB.in the pastC.in the wrongD.the old manE.a middle-aged manF.a young man参考答案：23.B .24.A.25.E.26.C 27.B28.E.29.D.30.A2016年职称英语卫生类考试概括大意练习题(6).doc [全文共1126字] 编号：6356989。

职称英语卫生类B级考试概括大意练习(4)

职称英语考试/模拟试题2016年职称英语卫生类B级考试概括大意练习(4)Recreation and Sports"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" is a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are going to maintain good health and enjoy life. Good physical and mental health in fact enables us to work more efficiently.Everyone has his own way of relaxing .Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individual sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, siding and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people wholike to be outdoors. Chess, card-playing , anddancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people.Not everyone who enjoys sporting events likes to participate in them. Many people prefer to be spectators, either by attending the games in person, watching them on television, or listening to them on the radio. When there is an important baseball game or boxing match, it is almost impossible to get tickets; everyone wants to attend.It doesn’t matter whether we play a fast game of ping-pong, concentrate over the bridge table, or go walking through the woods on a brisk autumn afternoon. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time and enjoy some form of recreation.练习:1. Paragraph 2____________.2. Paragraph3____________.3. Paragraph4____________.A) The important of having recreationB) The recreation centersC) Type of sportsD) Fun of being spectators4. To keep fit and enjoy life , all of us must have____________.5. Participating in door sports or outdoor sports is a good way___________.6. Many people prefer watching gamesto__________.7. It is generally believed that those who work all the time and do not know how to relax_______.A) must be very boringB) some kind of recreationC) participating in themD) to relax oneselfE) to choose one’s own way of relaxingKeys: CDABDCA2016年职称英语卫生类B级考试概括大意练习(4).doc [全文共1112字] 编号：6373525。

职称英语卫生类A级概括大意强化试题及答案

xx年职称英语卫生类A级概括大意强化试题及答案Radio and TelevisionThere are few homes in Britain today that do not have either a radio or television set. Both of them have bee an essential part of our life， keeping us informed of the news of the day， instructing us in many field ofinterest， and entertaining us with singing， dancing and acting.Marconi， the Italian inventor who gave us the radio，probably didn’t realize what effects his great invention would have on the world in the years to e. Radio has，perhaps， had as much influence on the world as any other munications device. Events of universal interest can be reported to the entire globe a few seconds after they happen. Explorers in remote areas， ships at sea， even astronauts circling the earth are able to keep in touch with civilization by means of radio.Television is another major instrument of munication，permitting us to see as well as to hear the performer. Since its appearance， TV has had a tremendous effect on the daily life of people everywhere.Improvements of all kinds are constantly being made in television so that reception will be as close to perfect as possible. Perhaps the most recent advancement of significance has been “Telstar”。

职称英语卫生类概括大意专项练习题

XX年职称英语卫生类概括大意专项练习题xx年已经进入备考阶段，为了帮助同学们备战职称英语考试，下面了职称英语卫生类概括大意专项练习题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!(1) Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticedthat cigarette butts (烟头) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a "No Butts on the Beach" campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand and placed at all public-aess areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later. Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片) .(2) People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado have Carter Dunham to thank for a new statewildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife.Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at SteamboatSprings High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built.(3) Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. Itstarted as a project for their 4H Club after one of thegirls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water, a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling pany on the issue. Now, the "Don't Be Crude" program runs oil collection sites--tanks that hold up to 460 gallons- where people in the munity can dispose of their oil.(4) Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was alittle boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africato have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. "We really take water for granted," says Ryan, of Kemptville,Ontario, in Canada. "In other countries, you have to plan for it." Ryan earned the first $70 by doingextra chores (零工) , but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars.(5) His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries.23——26概括大意23. Paragraph 1.24. Paragraph 2.25. Paragraph 3 .26. Paragraph 4 .A. Provide clean waterB. Dig oil wellsC. Save clean waterD. Don't litterE. Don't be crudeF. Protect wildlife27——30完成句子27. Joying placed the buckets at all public-aess areas to.28. People are grateful to Carter Dunham for hisefforts to.29. Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to.30. Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream ofhelp African people to.A. make new materialsB. preserve wetland and animalsC. have clean airD. have clean waterE. collect cigarette butteF. collect despoiled oil。