Nanotribology friction, wear and lubrication at the atomic scale
碳纳米材料在润滑油脂中的应用开发
2020年12月Dec.2020润滑油LUBRICATING OIL第35卷第6期V ol.35,N o.6D O I：10.19532/j. cnki. cn21 -1265/tq. 2020.06.009 文章编号:1002-3119(2020)06-0043-09碳纳米材料在润滑油脂中的应用开发彭春明，张玉娟，张晟卯，杨广彬，宋宁宁,张平余(河南大学纳米材料T程研究中心，河南开封475001 )摘要:纳米材料因在润滑油脂中展现出优越的摩擦学性能引起人们极大的兴趣。
碳纳米材料因其多样且独特的形态和微观结 构，具有物理化学性能独特、热稳定性强和剪切强度低等特点，作为润滑油脂添加剂在高温、长效、环保要求高的润滑环境中具 有不可替代的优势。
文章从碳纳米材料的结构、表面改性、与其他润滑材料复合等方面综述了碳纳米材料作为添加剂在润滑 油脂领域中的性能和机制研究及其应用开发。
关键词:碳纳米材料;添加剂;综述中图分类号:TE624.82 文献标识码:AApplication and Development of Carbon Nanomaterials in Lubricating Oil and GreasePENG Chun - ming, ZHANG Yu - juan, ZHANG Sheng - mao, YANG Guang - bin,SONG Ning-ning，ZHANG Ping-yu(Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials of He^nan University, Kaifeng 475001, China)Abstract ：Nanomaterials are of great interest because of their excellent tribological properties in lubricating oil and grease. Carbon nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties, strong thermal stability and low shear strength due to their diverse and unique morphology and microstructure. As lubricant additives, they have irreplaceable advantages in high temperature, long - term and high environmental protection requirements. In this paper, the properties, mechanism and application of carbon nanomaterials as additives in the field of lubricating oil and grease are reviewed from the aspects of structure, surface modification and composite with other lubricating materials.Key words：carbon nanomaterials；additive；review〇引言摩擦磨损是机械运转过程中能量和材料损耗的 主要原因。
Investigating the Properties of Nanofluids
Investigating the Properties ofNanofluids随着科技的发展，人类对于纳米技术的应用越来越深入。
其中一项应用就是纳米流体（nanofluids）技术。
纳米流体就是将微米或纳米级别的颗粒分散于传统的流体中。
这个技术在热传导、摩擦损失等领域有着广泛的应用。
在工程领域中，纳米流体的热传导性能引起了我们的特别关注。
热传导系数决定了材料的导热性能，它的值越大表明材料导热能力越好。
因此，热导率也被广泛地应用在各种领域，例如电池、半导体等。
通过添加纳米颗粒到传统的流体中，可以极大地提高流体的热传导性能。
研究表明，与传统的热传导介质相比，纳米流体的热传导系数要高得多。
这是因为纳米颗粒具有巨大的比表面积；微米或者更大的颗粒的表面积更小，因此纳米颗粒的比表面积较大，导致表面能更强，从而对周围的流体产生更多的振动和搅拌，提高了流体的热导率。
在进行纳米流体的研究时，需要通过一系列的实验来测试纳米流体的物理和化学特性。
以下我们将介绍一些测试方法：1. 热导测试热导测试是测试纳米流体中热传导性能的重要方法。
通常采用热板法或热阻法进行测试。
在热板法中，将一个热板加热至一定的温度，待热板温度稳定后，将添加不同纳米颗粒的流体涂在热板上，并通过传感器进行测试。
在热阻法中，测量热板两面的温差来计算材料的热导率。
2. 稳定性测试稳定性测试是指纳米颗粒在流体中的分散情况。
稳定性好的纳米流体在使用时更为方便和可靠。
通常采用离心法、显微镜、光学薄膜厚度检测器等进行测试。
3. 流变性测试流变性测试是指测量纳米流体的黏度、流动性等指标。
黏度的大小反映了流体内部分子之间的摩擦力大小。
流动性的指标反映了流体内部分子的运动速度。
具有良好流动性的纳米流体在传输和运用时更为方便。
总结：纳米流体技术是一项有潜力的应用技术。
通过添加纳米颗粒到传统的流体中，可以大大提高流体的热传导性能。
但同时需要进行一系列的测试，以确保纳米流体的物理和化学特性稳定，促进其在各个领域的应用。
纳米添加剂润滑作用机理及其在水基润滑剂中的应用
专家论坛'.........2纳米添加剂润滑作用机理及其在水基润滑剂中的应用姜正义"，李岩3袁夏垒1(1.辽宁科技大学材料与冶金学院，辽宁，鞍山114051； 2.伍伦贡大学机械、材料、机电与生物医学工程学院，新南威尔士州，伍伦贡2522；3.海洋装备用金属材料及其应用国家重点实验室，辽宁鞍山114009)摘要：简要介绍了纳米添加剂的主要分类、性能特点及存在的问题，分析了纳米添加剂在润滑过程中发挥作用的机理，提出了纳米添加剂在水基润滑剂中的应用及未来的主要发展方向。
关键词：纳米添加剂；水基润滑剂；润滑机理；抗磨减摩中图分类号：TH117.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-4613(2020)05-0001-07Lubrication Mechanism of Nano-additives andIts Application in Water-based LubricantsJiang Zhengyi1,2,Li Yan3,Xia Lei1(1.School of Material and Metallurgy,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan114051,Liaoning,China；2.School of Mechanical,Materials and Mechatronic Engineering,University of Wollongong,Wollongong2522,NSW,Australia;3.State Key Laboratory of Metal Materials for Marine Equipment andApplication,Anshan114009,Liaoning,China)Abstract：The main classification,performance characteristics and existing problems of nanoadditives were briefly introduced.Then the mechanism of nano-additives in the lubrication process was analyzed.Finally the application of nano-additives in water-based lubricants and the main development direction in the future was proposed.Key words:nano-additives;water-based lubricants;lubrication mechanism;anti-wear and anti-friction在轧制过程中通常需要使用润滑剂以减少摩擦、轧辊负荷、磨损和功耗，并帮助控制产品的表面光洁度以及起到冷却的作用，降低轧辊和产品的温度咱1-4暂遥为了达到上述目的,润滑剂必须能够均匀地涂抹在轧辊上，并具有一定的附着力，并且润滑剂能够在退火炉中迅速消散，以免出现板带钢不应产生的表面染色或粘连。
有关纳米的英语作文题目400字
有关纳米的英语作文题目400字Nanotechnology: A Promising Frontier with Limitless Possibilities.Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale, has emerged as a transformative field with vast potential to revolutionize various aspects of modern society. This revolutionary technology promises advancements in medicine, engineering, energy production, and countless other industries. In this essay, we will explore the fascinating world of nanotechnology, its current applications, and its boundless future prospects.The World of the Infinitesimally Small.The prefix "nano" is derived from the Greek word for "dwarf," reflecting the incredibly small scale at which nanotechnology operates. One nanometer (nm) is a billionth of a meter, approximately the size of a few atoms arranged side by side. At this minuscule scale, materials exhibitunique properties that differ significantly from their bulk counterparts. This extraordinary phenomenon forms the foundation for the remarkable applications of nanotechnology.Medical Marvels.Nanotechnology holds immense promise forrevolutionizing healthcare. Nanoparticles, designed with specific properties and functionalities, can be engineered to deliver drugs and therapies directly to diseased cells, minimizing side effects and improving treatment efficacy. Additionally, nanotechnology enables the development of highly sensitive biosensors capable of detecting trace amounts of biomarkers, allowing for early diagnosis and precise patient monitoring.Engineering Innovations.In the field of engineering, nanotechnology has ushered in a new era of lightweight, durable, and multifunctional materials. Carbon nanotubes, for instance, areexceptionally strong and possess excellent electrical conductivity, making them ideal for use in aerospace, automotive, and electronics applications. Nanomaterials also find applications in water purification, energy storage, and the development of self-cleaning surfaces.Energy Revolution.Nanotechnology is playing a pivotal role in addressing global energy challenges. The development of highlyefficient solar cells based on nanomaterials promises to harness renewable energy sources more effectively. Additionally, nanotechnology enables the creation of advanced batteries with increased storage capacity and rapid charging capabilities, paving the way for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles.Beyond Current Horizons.While nanotechnology has already made significant contributions to modern society, its full potential remains largely untapped. Future advancements in this field areanticipated to reshape industries and create groundbreaking applications. Some potential frontiers include:Nanorobotics: Microscopic robots that can navigate the human body, perform surgeries, and deliver targeted therapies.Biomimetic Materials: Materials that mimic the structures and functions of biological systems, offering new possibilities for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.Quantum Computing: The use of nanomaterials to create quantum computers, which possess vastly superior computational power compared to traditional computers.Ethical Considerations.As with any powerful technology, nanotechnology raises ethical questions that must be carefully considered. Potential concerns include environmental impacts, health risks, and privacy issues. Responsible development andcomprehensive regulations are essential to ensure that nanotechnology is harnessed for the benefit of humanity without compromising safety and societal values.Conclusion.Nanotechnology stands at the cusp of a transformative era, offering boundless possibilities for advancements in various fields. Its potential to revolutionize healthcare, engineering, energy production, and countless other industries is truly remarkable. As we continue to explore the world of the infinitesimally small, we embark on a journey of scientific discovery and technological innovation that promises to shape the future of our world in ways we can only begin to imagine.。
探究纳米技术的学习工具：探索微观世界的奥秘
探究纳米技术的学习工具：探索微观世界的奥秘英文回答:Nanotechnology Study ToolsNanotechnology has brought numerous advancements in various fields, including education. With the development of nanotechnology study tools, learning has become more interactive and effective.One of the most significant applications of nanotechnology in education is the creation of nanoscale devices for studying and manipulating materials at the atomic level. These devices, such as scanning probe microscopes, allow students to visualize and analyze the properties of materials at an unprecedented resolution. This hands-on experience enhances their understanding of fundamental concepts in physics, chemistry, and biology.Furthermore, nanotechnology has revolutionized the fabrication of educational materials. Nanoscale materials, such as quantum dots and nanofibers, have been incorporated into textbooks and learning resources. These materials offer unique properties, such as enhanced color display and durability, making learning moreengaging and long-lasting.Another exciting development is the use of nanotechnology in the creation of smart study aids. Nanosensors embedded in notebooks or pens can detect brain activity and monitor cognitive processes. This real-time feedback allows students to identify areas of improvement and optimize their learning strategies.Nanotechnology study tools also extend to the virtual realm. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications, enabled by nanoscale sensors and displays, provide immersive learning experiences. Students can explore nanoscale structures and phenomena in a simulated environment, enhancing their understanding and retention of complex concepts.In conclusion, the incorporation of nanotechnology in study tools has revolutionized the way we learn. From nanoscale devices for material analysis to nanosensors for brain monitoring, these tools offer interactive and immersive learning experiences. As nanotechnology continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative study tools to enhance education in the future.中文回答：纳米技术学习用具纳米技术在教育领域带来了许多进展，其中包括学习用具的发展。
SCI收录期刊——纳米科学与纳米技术学科
SCI收录期刊——纳米科学与纳米技术学科截至到2009年9月SCI扩展版收录纳米科学与纳米技术学科期刊57种（SCI核心版25种），其中2009年开始被SCI收录的纳米科学与纳米技术学科期刊1种，2008年开始被SCI收录的纳米科学与纳米技术学科期刊2种，出版地为的美国纳米科学与纳米技术期刊25种，英国14种，荷兰6种，德国4种，瑞士2种，日本、阿拉伯联合酋长国、罗马尼亚、新西兰、新加坡、俄罗斯各1种。
2005-2009年9月SCI共收录至少有一位中国作者（不包括台湾）的生物多样性保护学科论文10739篇，其中2009年2740篇，2008年2862篇，2007年2398篇，2006年1677篇，2005年1062篇。
10739篇论文包括学术论文9585篇、会议论文950篇、评论141篇、社论42篇、更正22篇、通讯21篇、会议摘要2篇。
2005-2009年9月中国研究论文主要发表以下SCI收录的纳米科学与纳米技术期刊上：JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C《物理化学杂志，C辑：纳米材料与界面》1934篇、MA TERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING《材料科学与工程，A辑：材料性能的微观结构与处理》1764篇、NANOTECHNOLOGY《纳米技术》1279篇、JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY《纳米科学与纳米技术杂志》716篇、SCRIPTA MATERIALIA《材料学刊》672篇、MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS《微孔与间孔材料》548篇、ADV ANCED MA TERIALS《先进材料》467篇、BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS《生物传感器与生物电子学》415篇、ADV ANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS《先进功能材料》343篇、JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE《计算与理论纳米科学杂志》205篇、NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS《纳米研究快报》132篇、PHYSICA E-LOW-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS & NANOSTRUCTURES《物理学E辑：低维系统和纳米结构》327篇、SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY IN INORGANIC METAL-ORGANIC AND NANO-METAL CHEMISTRY《无机化学、金属有机化学和纳米金属化学合成法及反应性》245篇、NANO LETTERS《纳米快报》175篇、MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL 《微电子学杂志》173篇、MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING《微电子工程》170篇、JOURNAL OF V ACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B《真空科学与技术杂志，B辑：微电子学与纳米结构》168篇、JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH《纳米粒子研究杂志》159篇、SMALL《微小》156篇、JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING《微型机械与微型工程学报》154篇、MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS《微型系统技术》97篇、MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY《微电子学可靠性》90篇、ACS NANO 《美国化学会纳米》73篇。
原子力显微镜在高分子物理实验教学中的应用实例
第7期郭元龙:原子力显微镜在高分子物理实验教学中的应用实例-203•原子力显微镜在高分子物理实验教学中的应用实例郭元龙(贵州大学材料与冶金学院，贵州贵阳550025)摘要:原子力显微镜广泛应用到高分子研究的各个方面，操作简单，分辨率高，可以定性定量的表征材料表面的微观形貌及其物理性质。
以尼龙6纤维增强橡胶基底为例，将原子力显微镜运用于高分子物理实验教学中，使用定量纳米机械力测量模式可以更好地研究纤维与橡胶基底的结合情况，从而阐明纤维增强橡胶的原理。
该实验的加入可以提高学生的学习兴趣，加深对所学知识的理解，提高动手能力，培养更好的科研能力。
关键词:原子力显微镜;定量纳米机械力测量;高分子物理实验;本科教学中图分类号：G642.4；TH742.9文献标识码：A文章编号：'008-02'X(202')07-0203-02Application Examples of Atomic Force Microscope in PolymerPhysics Experiment TeachingGuo Yuanlong(College of Materials and Metallurgy，Guizou University，Guiyang550025，China)Abstract：Atomic force microscopy is widely used in many aspects of polymer research.It is easy to operate and has high resolution.It can qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the microscopic morphology and physical properties of the material surface.Taking nylon6fiber-reinforced rubber substrate as an example，the atomic force microscope is used in polymer physics experiment teaching and the quantitative nano-m echanical force measurement mode can better study the combination of fiber and rubber substrate,thereby improving the principle of fiber-reinforced rubber.Taking this experiment as an example,scientific research enhances students'interest in learning，deepens their understanding of what they have learned，improves practical skills，and cultivates better scientific research capabilities.Key words：atomic force microscopy；quantitative nano-mechanical force measurement；polymer physics experiment；undergraduate education《高分子物理实验》是高分子材料与工程专业的必修实验课程，是配套于《高分子物理》理论课的基础实验课程,作为高分子材料专业的必修课程，是学生继续学习《高分子加工工艺学》《高分子材料》及《高分子材料分析方法》等专业课程的基础。
纳米神奇材料作文400字
纳米神奇材料作文400字英文回答：Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of materials science, and one of the most fascinating developments is the creation of nanomaterials. These materials possess unique properties and offer a wide range of applications in various industries. One of the most remarkable nanomaterials is graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Graphene is incredibly strong, flexible, and conducts electricitybetter than any other known material. Its potential applications are vast, ranging from electronics and energy storage to biomedical devices and water filtration systems.Another remarkable nanomaterial is carbon nanotubes. These cylindrical structures made of carbon atoms have exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Carbon nanotubes can be used as reinforcements in composite materials, enhancing their strength and durability. Theyalso have great potential in electronics, as they can be used to build smaller and more efficient transistors and sensors. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes have shown promise in drug delivery systems, where they can be used to transport drugs directly to specific cells or tissues in the body.中文回答：纳米技术已经彻底改变了材料科学领域，其中最令人着迷的发展之一就是纳米材料的创造。
纳米水杯能飞的英语作文
纳米水杯能飞的英语作文The Rise of Nanotech-Infused Hydrokinetic Propulsion: Unveiling the Flight Capabilities of Nano H2O Vessels.The realm of nanotechnology has witnessed a groundbreaking synergy with hydrokinetics, birthing a transformative innovation – the nano-water cup, capable of defying gravity and soaring through the skies. This novel technology harnesses the principles of nanotechnology to manipulate water molecules, enabling these diminutive vessels to generate thrust and achieve flight.Delving into the Nanoworld: The Foundation of Hydrodynamic Propulsion.At the nanoscale, the world of atoms and molecules takes on a new dimension. Water, a ubiquitous substance on Earth, exhibits unique properties when scaled down to the nano level. Nano-sized water clusters, consisting of a few hundred to a few thousand water molecules, behavedistinctly from their macroscopic counterparts. These clusters possess enhanced surface tension and lower vapor pressure, endowing them with remarkable stability and resistance to evaporation.Harnessing the Power of Electrohydrodynamics.The nano-water cup harnesses the principles of electrohydrodynamics, a branch of physics that explores the interaction between electric fields and fluids. By applying a high voltage to the water inside the cup, an electric field is created. This field exerts a force on the water molecules, causing them to polarize and align themselves along the field lines.Generating Thrust: The Electrospray Effect in Action.The polarized water molecules experience a strong electrostatic force towards the oppositely charged electrode. This force overcomes the surface tension of the water, causing it to form a fine mist of charged droplets. This phenomenon is known as the electrospray effect.The electrospray process generates tiny but powerful jets of water droplets. These jets, propelled by the electrostatic forces, provide the necessary thrust for the nano-water cup to ascend into the air. By manipulating the voltage and electrode configuration, the direction and magnitude of the thrust can be precisely controlled.Overcoming Gravitational Constraints: The Role of Hydrodynamic Lift.While electrospray propulsion provides the initiallift-off force, sustaining flight requires an additional mechanism. The nano-water cup employs hydrodynamic lift, a phenomenon that generates an upward force as a fluid flows over a curved surface.As the nano-water cup moves through the air, the water droplets expelled by the electrospray effect create a thin layer of water vapor around the vessel. This water vapor layer acts as a cushion, reducing air resistance and creating a pressure gradient. The higher pressure below thecup compared to above generates an upward hydrodynamic lift force, counteracting gravity and keeping the cup afloat.Precision Maneuvers: Electrostatic Control in Three Dimensions.The electrostatic forces generated within the nano-water cup not only provide thrust but also enable precise maneuverability. By altering the voltage and electrode configuration, the direction and intensity of the electrostatic field can be dynamically adjusted. Thisallows for controlled changes in the thrust vector,enabling the cup to ascend, descend, hover, or change direction seamlessly.Environmental Sustainability: A Green Propulsion System.Unlike conventional propulsion systems that rely onfossil fuels, the nano-water cup operates on electricity. This eliminates the emission of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, making it an environmentally friendly mode of aerial transportation. Additionally, the water used in thecup is continuously recirculated, minimizing water consumption and waste.Applications: Unlocking a World of Possibilities.The flight capabilities of nano-water cups open up a vast array of applications across diverse sectors. From precision agriculture to aerial inspection, these vessels offer unique advantages:Precision agriculture: Nano-water cups can be equipped with sensors to monitor crop health, soil moisture, and environmental conditions. The ability to hover and maneuver precisely enables targeted delivery of nutrients and pesticides, reducing waste and environmental impact.Aerial inspection: Nano-water cups can be used to inspect infrastructure such as bridges, wind turbines, and pipelines. Their ability to navigate confined spaces and capture high-resolution images makes them ideal for detecting defects and ensuring safety.Search and rescue: The small size and maneuverabilityof nano-water cups make them suitable for search and rescue operations in disaster zones. They can quickly access areas inaccessible to larger vehicles and deliver supplies or evacuate survivors.Microscopic exploration: The ability of nano-watercups to operate at the nanoscale opens up new frontiers in scientific research. They can be used to study the behavior of fluids and particles at the molecular level, advancing our understanding of fundamental physical processes.Conclusion: A New Era of Aerial Navigation.The advent of nanotech-infused hydrokinetic propulsion has propelled us into a new era of aerial navigation. Nano-water cups, defying the constraints of gravity, herald a transformative technology with the potential torevolutionize industries, advance scientific research, and shape the future of transportation. As we continue to explore the possibilities of this groundbreaking innovation,the skies hold endless possibilities for these diminutive yet extraordinary vessels.。
美国加州大学伯克利分校：研制出可智能发电的新型纳米纤维
新发 明将在 上海世 博会台湾馆展 示。
可将机械 能量转化为 电能， 转化率达 ２％。 ０ 未来
台湾 纺织产业综合研究所将Ｌ Ｄ包裹在纺 这种新 型材料 将对人类 生活产 生积极 的影响。 Ｅ
织纱线 中，增加 了纺织 品的应用 范围和 附加价 据林立伟介绍 ， 一般纺织 品纤维直径 为 １ ０岬 。 值 ，２ ０ ０ ８年先完成雏 型 ，２ ０ ０ ９年正式将 Ｌ Ｄ 纳米纤维只有 １Ｉｍ。如 果把这种 纤维织入 纺 Ｅ Ｌ
粘胶为原料混纺 的Ｐ Ａ Ｅ Ｅ Ｃ 纱线等 ， 这类纱线主 要用 于春 夏季面料 、 服装的制作 。
美 国 加州 大 学 伯 克 利 分 校 ： 研制 出可智 能发 电的新型 纳米纤 维
伯克利分校机械 工程 系林立伟和来 自北京 中科 院 电子研究所 的访 问学者王军波等组成研
科技 新成果 “ 纱线 包裹 Ｌ Ｄ”将在 世博 Ｅ 会台湾馆展 出
羊毛混纺系列纱线是新澳集 团将在展会上 反应性 的新型纺织助剂 ，经色媒 体处理后 的棉 亮相 的另一大类产品 。 该类产品 中有 以桑蚕丝 、 纤维与色媒体 的反应性基 团反应 ，使棉 纤维由
牛奶 纤维 、莱 赛尔 、棉 、粘 胶等 原料 混纺 的 此 引进 阳离子染座 。溶液 中阴离子性 的染料就 Ｆ ＩＮ Ｓ Ｉ Ｒ Ｅ Ｄ Ｈ Ｐ纱线 ． 以莱赛尔 、 有 抗起球腈纶 、 会和 阳离子染座正负相吸迅速 上染及固着。
降低 了强力损先 优 体纺织品的印染技术 ，通过与大型 内衣厂家 的 了竹浆 纤维漂 白产 品白度 ， 合作保持 着技术与产 品同步 。立体成 型纺织 采 选 了相容 性好的活性染 料和相应 的染色工艺 ， 紫外线吸 用 的是在纺织阶段 将面料 立体成型 的技术 。由 提高了染色质量 开发 了新型 阻燃 剂 、 无 提 于该面料表面呈凹凸立体状 ，所 以无法使用 常 收剂 、 甲醛抗皱整理剂及相关 的整理技术。 规的印染工艺技术进行 上色。 ｏ Ｒ ｖｓ 在引进 高了功 能性产 品的附加值 Ｌ ｎ ｅｉ ｅ 喷墨印染机后 ，开发 出了可 以将立体 纺织面料 在 印染过程 中保持 立体 造型 的模具 。 ０ ９ 在２ ０ 年 Ｌ ｎ ｉｇ集团推广 ＶｌＯＦ 纤维 ｅ ｚｎ Ｌ 『 ｒ 春夏 ， ｕ ｚ 推 出的Ｂ ｄ ｌ 系列产品 ， Ｇｎｅ ｏ ｙＷｉ ｄ 就充 兰精（ｅ ｚ ｇ集 团董事局 日前 与柯恩纤维 Ｌｎｉ ） ｎ 分发挥了该技术的特点 ， 成功地对 ３ ０ 件立体 有限公司（ ｅｈ ｉ 达成战略合作协 议。 ００ Ｋ ｌｅｍ） 将在全 术 可以在成 衣阶段进行 印染 上色 ， 以， 所 省去了
多通道碳阴极活化过一硫酸盐降解水中有机物的性能
大连理工大学硕士学位论文摘要活化的过硫酸盐氧化，作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术，是一种矿化难降解有毒污染物的有效方法。
在众多的活化方法中，过硫酸盐通过接受电子完成的电化学活化，具有容易操控和环境友好的特点，被认为是一种有前景的活化技术。
但在电化学活化的过程中，由于静电斥力阻碍了过硫酸盐阴离子和阴极之间的接触，导致过硫酸盐低的分解率和随后低的自由基的产生量，从而使污染物的降解效果变差。
针对此问题，本文使用天然木材衍生的碳化木（CW）制备了具有多通道的流通式阴极（FTC），通过将过一硫酸盐（PMS）阴离子限制在阴极的微通道中，能够显著地强化其与阴极的碰撞与接触，提高电化学活化的效率并增强对污染物的降解。
主要的研究成果如下：（1）通过天然松木的一步碳化制备并组装了具有丰富的介孔，良好的导电性，较高的机械强度，大量有序的微通道以及对PMS有良好的电催化活性的FTC。
以苯酚为目标污染物，探究了不同的反应条件（PMS浓度、电流密度和停留时间）对FTC电活化PMS降解苯酚性能的影响。
结果表明，在苯酚进水浓度为20 mg/L, 进水TOC=18 mg/L，进水PMS浓度为6.51 mM，背景Na2SO4为0.05 M，电流密度为2.75 mA/cm2，进水pH 2.87，停留时间10 min以及常温的条件下，通过FTC电活化PMS，PMS的分解率达到了71.9%。
苯酚和TOC的去除率分别达到了97.9%和39.6%。
EPR实验结果表明，在FTC电活化PMS的过程中，产生了大量的·OH和SO4•-。
同时，自由基淬灭实验也表明，·OH和SO4•-均参与了对苯酚的降解，且·OH对降解的贡献更大。
此外，五次循环实验的结果证明了本研究组装的FTC具有很好的稳定性。
（2）通过封闭CW的微通道，获得了流过式阴极（FBC）。
在相同的优化条件下，详细对比了在FTC中和FBC上的PMS的分解、自由基的产量以及电活化PMS降解三种酚类有机物（苯酚、双酚A和4-氯苯酚）的性能。
纳米摩擦学——精选推荐
纳米摩擦学(nanotribology)或称微观摩擦学(microtribology )或分子摩擦学(molecular tribology)，它是在原子、分子尺度上研究摩擦界面上的行为、损伤及其对策。
主要研究内容包括纳米薄膜润滑和微观磨损机理，以及表面和界面分子工程，即通过材料表面微观改性或分子涂层，或者建立有序分子膜的润滑状态，以获得优异的减摩耐摩性能。
纳米摩擦学在学科基础、研究方法、实验测试设备和理论分析手段等方面与宏观摩擦学研究有很大差别。
宏观摩擦学通常是根据材料表面的性质在摩擦界面上的反应来表征其摩擦磨损行为，并应用连续介质力学包括断裂和疲劳理论作为分析的基础。
而纳米摩擦学则是由原子、分子结构出发，考察纳米尺度的表面和界面分子层摩擦学行为，其理论基础是表面物理和表面化学，采用的理论分析手段重要是计算机分子动力学模拟，实验测试仪器是各种扫描探针显微镜以及专门的微型实验装置。
纳米摩擦学的发展有着重要的理论意义和应用前景。
首先在理论研究方面，纳米摩擦学所采用的实验测量技术能够深入到原子、分子尺度揭示摩擦过程中的微观现象，而用于理论计算的分子动力学模拟方法可以同时考虑空间和时间尺度上的变化，将摩擦学现象作为微观的动态过程来分析。
由此可见，纳米摩擦学是在新的学科基础上采用新的研究方法，它比传统研究更加符合摩擦学现象的规律，对于完善摩擦学理论与应用具有重要作用}14} o其次，纳米摩擦学的研究还包括在纳米尺度上对摩擦表面构形和排布原子}15}，发展表面和界面分子工程。
由纳米超细颗粒制备的表面膜具有既不同于体相又不同于原子状态的独特性能。
另外，纳米厚度的润滑膜的性能也不同于粘性流体膜和吸附边界膜}m} o通过表面涂层或超薄膜润滑形成低剪切阻力和高承载能力的摩擦界面层，可构造出新的性能优异的摩擦学系统。
此外，纳米摩擦学研究有着广泛的应用前景。
随着精密机械和高科技设备的发展，特别是纳米技术所推动的新兴学科，例如纳米电子学、纳米生物学和微型机械的发展}17}都要求开展纳米摩擦学研究。
纳米变形衣下雨也不怕的作文
纳米变形衣下雨也不怕的作文英文回答：In the realm of technological advancements, scientists have unlocked the potential of nanotechnology to create groundbreaking materials with exceptional properties. One such innovation is the emergence of shape-shifting fabrics, commonly known as morphing textiles. These extraordinary materials possess the ability to adapt their shape and structure in response to external stimuli, paving the way for a multitude of applications.Morphing textiles are meticulously engineered using advanced nanomaterials. These materials are meticulously structured to exhibit unique molecular configurations that enable them to respond to environmental cues such as temperature, humidity, and electromagnetic fields. By precisely manipulating the molecular arrangements, scientists can design fabrics that morph into specific shapes or perform tailored functions.One of the most remarkable applications of morphing textiles lies in the realm of protective clothing. Researchers have developed innovative garments that can seamlessly adapt to the wearer's movements and provide enhanced protection in various environments. These shape-shifting clothes can be programmed to adjust their porosity, allowing for optimal breathability during physical exertion while maintaining water resistance in rainy conditions.Imagine a scenario where you encounter a sudden downpour while wearing a nanomorphing garment. The fabric, embedded with moisture-sensitive nanomaterials, wouldswiftly respond to the increased humidity. The molecular structure of the fabric would reconfigure, reducing its porosity to prevent rainwater from penetrating through the garment. As a result, you would remain dry and comfortable, unfazed by the relentless rain.中文回答：纳米变形服，雨天也不怕。
举三条纳米技术的作文三百字
举三条纳米技术的作文三百字英文回答：Nanotechnology, as a cutting-edge field of science and technology, has brought about numerous advancements and innovations in various industries. Here, I would like to discuss three remarkable applications of nanotechnology.Firstly, nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of medicine. Nanoparticles, which are particles at the nanoscale, have been used for targeted drug delivery. By encapsulating drugs within nanoparticles, they can be precisely delivered to specific cells or tissues, minimizing side effects and improving therapeutic outcomes. For example, researchers have developed nanocarriers that can transport anti-cancer drugs directly to tumor cells, reducing damage to healthy cells. This breakthrough in nanomedicine has the potential to greatly enhance the effectiveness of treatments for various diseases.Secondly, nanotechnology has greatly improved theenergy sector. One notable application is the developmentof nanoscale solar cells. These solar cells are made of nanomaterials that can absorb sunlight more efficiently, converting it into electricity. As a result, solar panels become more cost-effective and can generate more power even in low-light conditions. Furthermore, nanotechnology has also been used to improve the performance of batteries. By using nanomaterials as electrodes, batteries can store more energy and have a longer lifespan. This advancement in nanotechnology has the potential to significantly reduceour dependence on fossil fuels and promote the use of renewable energy sources.Lastly, nanotechnology has transformed the field of electronics. The miniaturization of electronic components has been made possible through nanotechnology. For instance, nanoscale transistors have enabled the development of smaller and more powerful electronic devices such as smartphones and computers. Additionally, nanotechnology has also led to the creation of flexible and wearable electronics. By incorporating nanomaterials into fabrics,it is now possible to have clothing with built-in sensors and displays. This innovation opens up new possibilitiesfor applications such as smart textiles and healthcare monitoring devices.In conclusion, nanotechnology has made significant contributions to medicine, energy, and electronics. Its applications have improved drug delivery in medicine, enhanced the efficiency of solar cells in the energy sector, and revolutionized the field of electronics with smallerand more powerful devices. With continued advancements in nanotechnology, we can expect even more groundbreaking innovations in the future.中文回答：纳米技术作为一门前沿的科学技术领域，在各个行业带来了许多突破性的进展和创新。
纳米驱蚊手环60字英语作文
纳米驱蚊手环60字英语作文英文回答：Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the way we protect ourselves from pests. Nano mosquito repellent bracelets are one such example of this. These bracelets release a controlled dose of repellent into the air, creating a protective barrier around the wearer without the need for harsh chemicals.The active ingredient in most nano mosquito repellent bracelets is IR3535, a synthetic repellent that is safe for human use. IR3535 has been shown to be effective against a wide range of mosquito species, including those that carry diseases such as malaria and dengue fever.Nano mosquito repellent bracelets are easy to use and can be worn for up to 15 days. They are comfortable to wear and do not interfere with daily activities. Nano mosquito repellent bracelets are also an affordable option, makingthem a great choice for people who are looking for a safe and effective way to protect themselves from mosquitoes.中文回答：纳米技术正在革新我们保护自己免受害虫侵害的方式。
纳米技术在我们身边的读后感
纳米技术在我们身边的读后感英文回答：Nanotechnology is the science of manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale. It has the potential to revolutionize many industries, including medicine, energy, and manufacturing.One of the most promising applications of nanotechnology is in the field of medicine. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs directly to tumors, where they can kill cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. Nanoparticles can also be used to create new imaging techniques that can help doctors to diagnose diseases earlier and more accurately.Nanotechnology is also being used to develop new energy sources. For example, nanomaterials can be used to create solar cells that are more efficient and affordable than traditional solar cells. Nanomaterials can also be used tocreate batteries that are more powerful and longer-lasting than traditional batteries.In the manufacturing sector, nanotechnology is being used to create new materials that are stronger, lighter, and more durable than traditional materials. This could lead to the development of new products that are lighter, more efficient, and more durable than existing products.Nanotechnology is still a relatively new field, but it has the potential to revolutionize many industries. As research continues, we are likely to see even more amazing applications of nanotechnology in the years to come.中文回答：纳米技术是一门在原子和分子层面操纵物质的科学。
关于纳米玻璃的作文350字
关于纳米玻璃的作文350字英文回答，Nanoglass, also known as nano-crystallized glass, is a type of engineered stone that is made from a combination of natural materials such as quartz and glass. It is a high-tech product that is gaining popularity in the construction and interior design industries due to its unique properties.One of the key features of nanoglass is its high level of durability and strength. It is resistant to scratches, stains, and heat, making it an ideal material for countertops, flooring, and wall cladding. Additionally, nanoglass is non-porous, which means it does not absorb liquids and is easy to clean, making it a hygienic choice for kitchens and bathrooms.Another advantage of nanoglass is its aesthetic appeal. It has a luxurious and elegant appearance, resembling natural marble, but without the maintenance and cost associated with marble. Nanoglass is available in a varietyof colors and finishes, allowing for versatile design options in both residential and commercial spaces.Furthermore, nanoglass is environmentally friendly asit is made from natural materials and does not emit harmful substances. Its long lifespan and low maintenance requirements also contribute to its sustainability.In conclusion, nanoglass is a versatile and practical material that offers durability, aesthetics, and sustainability. Its unique properties make it a desirable choice for modern construction and interior design projects.中文回答，纳米玻璃，也称为纳米结晶玻璃，是一种由石英和玻璃等天然材料组合而成的工程石材。
纳米技术作文1500字
纳米技术作文1500字英文回答：Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that involves the study, manipulation, and application of materials and devices at the nanoscale. It has thepotential to revolutionize various industries and aspects of life, from medicine to manufacturing. Here are the key characteristics and applications of nanotechnology:Nanoscale manipulation: Nanotechnology allows scientists to manipulate materials at the atomic and molecular level, enabling the creation of new materials with unique properties.Size and scale: Nanomaterials typically range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). For comparison, a human hair is about 100,000 nm wide.Novel properties: Nanomaterials often exhibit novelproperties that differ significantly from their bulk counterparts due to their size and quantum effects.Medical applications: Nanotechnology has numerous applications in medicine, including targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics.Energy applications: Nanomaterials can enhance energy efficiency and storage, such as in solar cells and batteries.Manufacturing applications: Nanotechnology can improve material strength, durability, and other properties for use in various industries, including aerospace and construction.Agricultural applications: Nanotechnology can enhance crop yields, reduce pesticide use, and improve food safety.Environmental applications: Nanomaterials can enablethe development of sustainable technologies for water purification, air pollution control, and waste management.中文回答：纳米技术。
纳米技术的东西(300字作文)
纳米技术的东西(300字作文)英文回答：Nanotechnology encompasses the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. It has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, energy, and manufacturing. Here are a few examples of nanotechnology applications:Nanomedicine: Nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, improving drug efficacy and reducing side effects. They can also be used for early disease detection and regenerative medicine.Energy production and storage: Nanomaterials can enhance the performance of solar cells and batteries, enabling more efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Materials science: Nanotechnology can create lightweight, strong materials for aerospace, automotive,and construction industries. It can also improve the properties of existing materials, such as making them more resistant to corrosion or heat.Environmental applications: Nanoparticles can be used for water purification, air pollution control, and soil remediation.中文回答：纳米技术涉及在原子和分子层面操纵物质。
Nanotechnology and Nanoscience
Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Nanotechnology and nanoscience have revolutionized the way we perceive and interact with the world at the atomic and molecular levels. Theseinterdisciplinary fields have garnered significant attention due to theirpotential to create groundbreaking innovations across various industries. Nanotechnology involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, while nanoscience focuses on the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale. This article aims to explore the implications, advancements, and ethical considerations surrounding nanotechnology and nanoscience from multiple perspectives. From a scientific standpoint, nanotechnology and nanoscience have opened up new frontiers in material science, electronics, medicine, and environmental sustainability. Researchers andscientists are continually pushing the boundaries of what is possible at the nanoscale, leading to the development of novel materials with unique properties, such as increased strength, conductivity, and reactivity. For instance, carbon nanotubes have shown promise in revolutionizing the field of electronics due to their exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity. Furthermore, in the realm of medicine, nanotechnology has facilitated targeted drug delivery systems and enhanced imaging techniques, offering potential solutions to previously insurmountable challenges in healthcare. In the realm of industry and commerce, nanotechnology has the potential to disrupt traditional manufacturing processes and enable the production of advanced materials with superior properties. The integration of nanomaterials in various consumer products, from electronics to clothing, holds the promise of enhancing performance and durability. Additionally, the development of nanoscale catalysts has the potential to improve the efficiency of chemical processes, leading to significant advancements in industrial production and environmental sustainability. However, as with any disruptive technology, the widespread adoption of nanotechnology raises concerns regardingits potential impact on existing industries and employment patterns. Moreover, the ethical implications of nanotechnology and nanoscience cannot be overlooked. As these fields progress, it is crucial to consider the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with the manipulation of matter at such a smallscale. Environmental concerns regarding the release of nanomaterials into ecosystems and their long-term effects on living organisms necessitate thorough risk assessments and regulatory frameworks to ensure responsible development and deployment of nanotechnology. Additionally, the societal implications of nanotechnology, including issues of equity in access to advanced technologies and the potential for misuse or unintended harm, require careful consideration and ethical oversight. From a global perspective, the development and regulation of nanotechnology and nanoscience present both opportunities and challenges. Collaboration among nations is essential to establish international standards and guidelines for the responsible advancement of nanotechnology. Furthermore, addressing the potential knowledge and resource gaps between developed and developing nations is crucial to ensure that the benefits of nanotechnology are equitably distributed across the world. However, the proliferation of nanotechnology also raises concerns about intellectual property rights, trade secrets, and national security, necessitating international cooperation and diplomacy to navigate these complex issues. In conclusion, nanotechnology and nanoscience hold tremendous potential to drive innovation and address pressing challenges across various domains. However, the responsible and ethical advancement of these fields requires a multifaceted approach that considers scientific, industrial, ethical, and global perspectives. As society continues to grapple with the opportunities and challenges presented by nanotechnology, it is imperative to foster dialogue and collaboration among stakeholders to ensure that the potential benefits are realized while mitigating potential risks. Ultimately, the trajectory of nanotechnology and nanoscience will be shaped by the collective actions and decisions of the global community as we navigate this frontier of scientific exploration and technological innovation.。