Drugs Affecting Uterine Smooth Muscles-30
升麻素经皮给药对小鼠特应性皮炎的作用机制
网络出版时间：２０２３－０８－２８１２：０５：５１ 网络出版地址：ｈｔｔｐｓ：／／ｌｉｎｋ．ｃｎｋｉ．ｎｅｔ／ｕｒｌｉｄ／３４．１０８６．ｒ．２０２３０８２５．１００３．０１８升麻素经皮给药对小鼠特应性皮炎的作用机制王晓钰１，王倩倩１，张方辰１，王杰琼２（山东中医药大学１．药学院、２．健康产业学院，山东济南 ２５０３５５）收稿日期：２０２３－０３－２１，修回日期：２０２３－０６－２９基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（Ｎｏ８２２０４７９４）；山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目（Ｎｏ２０２００２０７０９１７）；山东省中医药科技项目（Ｎｏ２０２０Ｑ００３）作者简介：王晓钰（１９９０－），女，博士，讲师，研究方向：中药免疫药理，Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：ｗａｎｇｘｉａｏｙｕ０５０４＠１２６．ｃｏｍ；王杰琼（１９８２－），女，副教授，研究方向：中药药理，通信作者，Ｅ ｍａｉｌ：ｊｉｅｑｉｏｎｇ２０１６＠１２６．ｃｏｍｄｏｉ：１０．１２３６０／ＣＰＢ２０２３０２０１５文献标志码：Ａ文章编号：１００１－１９７８（２０２３）０９－１６４８－０７中国图书分类号：Ｒ ３３２；Ｒ２８２ ７１；Ｒ３４１；Ｒ４５２；Ｒ３６４ ５；Ｒ７５８ ３摘要：目的 研究升麻素经皮给药抑制异硫氰酸荧光素（ｆｌｕ ｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎｉｓｏｔｈｉｏｃｙａｎａｔｅ，ＦＩＴＣ）诱导的小鼠特应性皮炎（ａｔｏｐｉｃｄｅｒｍａｔｉｔｉｓ，ＡＤ）的效应，并探讨其作用机制。
方法 ＩＣＲ小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、地塞米松阳性药组、升麻素经皮给药低剂量组、高剂量组、升麻素灌胃组。
在致敏阶段，采用ＦＩＴＣ溶液涂抹小鼠剃毛腹部，激发阶段，采用０ ６％ＦＩＴＣ溶液攻击小鼠左右耳，给药组从致敏开始给药连续７ｄ。
检测升麻素经皮给药对小鼠体质量、胸腺指数、脾脏指数的影响；ＨＥ染色观察耳部炎症细胞浸润；测量小鼠耳肿胀，ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测Ｔｈ２型细胞因子ＩＬ ５、ＩＬ １３以及促过敏关键启动子ＩＬ ３３；免疫组化和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ方法检测丝聚合蛋白（ｆｉｌａｇ ｇｒｉｎ）、紧密连接蛋白 １（ｃｌａｕｄｉｎ １）、封闭蛋白（ｏｃｃｌｕｄｉｎ）、钙黏蛋白（Ｅ ｃａｄｈｅｒｉｎ）。
何首乌二苯乙烯苷对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗的影响
何首乌二苯乙烯苷对2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗的影响王婷;范益【摘要】目的考察何首乌二苯乙烯苷(TSG)对高脂饲料联合链脲菌素(STZ)诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢紊乱及骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗的改善作用.方法雄性SD大鼠高脂饲料喂养6周后,腹腔注射STZ 30 mg/kg建立2型糖尿病模型.将造模动物分为4组:模型组(DM组)、罗格列酮组(RGLT组)、TSG高剂量(100 mg/kg)组(TSG-H组)、TSG低剂量(50 mg/kg)组(TSG-L组),连续灌胃给药4周.另取10只作为正常对照组.改善作用的评价指标包括一般状态、体重、血糖、糖耐量试验、血清胰岛素水平、胰岛素敏感/抵抗指数、骨骼肌脂质含量、脂质过氧化物水平和抗氧化酶活力等.结果给药期间,TSG对大鼠一般状态和体重无明显影响.模型大鼠出现明显的高血糖、糖耐量异常和胰岛素抵抗,同时骨骼肌组织中脂质水平升高,出现氧化应激状态.与DM组比较,TSG-H组、TSG-L组给药4周血糖水平明显降低(P＜0.05),模型大鼠的葡萄糖耐量明显改善.与DM组比较,TSG-H组、TSG-L组大鼠的胰岛素敏感指数显著升高(P＜0.01),同时胰岛素抵抗指数显著降低(P＜0.01).TSG可剂量依赖性地显著降低骨骼肌中三酰甘油和游离脂肪酸水平(P＜0.05),对于骨骼肌组织中的氧化应激状态也有明显的改善作用,降低丙二醛水平(P＜0.01),显著升高超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力水平(P＜ 0.01、P＜0.05).结论 TSG对于高脂饲料联合STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌脂质蓄积及氧化应激具有明显的抑制作用,进而改善胰岛素抵抗及糖脂代谢紊乱.【期刊名称】《中国医药导报》【年(卷),期】2016(013)014【总页数】5页(P25-28,56)【关键词】何首乌;二苯乙烯苷;糖尿病;胰岛素抵抗;骨骼肌【作者】王婷;范益【作者单位】南京医科大学基础医学院,江苏南京210029;南京医科大学基础医学院,江苏南京210029【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R587［Abstract］Objective To investigate the improvement of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside（TSG）from Polygoni Multiflori Radix on glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of type2 diabetes rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin（STZ）.Methods Male SD rats were administrated intraperitoneally 30mg/kg of STZ after 6 months of high fat diet fed.Model rats were dividedin 4 groups，model group（DM group），Rosiglitazone （RGLT group），TSG high dose（100 mg/kg）group（TSG-H group），TSG low dose（50 mg/kg）group（TSG-L group）.Therapeutic drugs were administrated intragastrically for 4 consecutive weeks.Another 10 rats were selected as normal control group.The improvement of TSG were evaluated by a range of indicators consisted of general state，body weight，blood glucose，glucose tolerance，serum insulin，insulin sensitivity/resistance index，the levels of lipids，lipid peroxide and antioxidant enzyme activities in skeletal muscle.Results During the period of drug delivery，TSG had no obviouseffect on general state and body weight.There were significantly changesin model rats，such as hyperglycemia，impaired glucose tolerance，insulin resistance，lipid deposition and oxidative stress in skeletal pared with DM group，TSG-H group and TSG-L group could significantly reduce blood glucose（P＜0.05）and ameliorate glucose pared with DM group，the insulin sensitivity index of TSG-H group and TSG-L group was increased（P＜0.01），while the insulin resistance was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）.TSG could dose-dependently reduce the levels of triglyceride and free fatty acids in skeletal muscle（P＜0.05），as well as inhibit oxidative stress involving of decrease of MDA （P＜0.01），raise the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase （P＜0.01，P＜0.05）.Conclusion TSG can alleviate lipids accumulation and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetes rats induced by high fat diet and STZ，and then improve insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism disorder.［Key words］Polygoni Multiflori Radix；Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside；Diabetes mellitus；Insulin resistance；Skeletal muscle近年来，肥胖、高血脂、高血糖等代谢性疾病发病率迅速增高，而胰岛素抵抗（insulin resistance，IR）是这些代谢性疾病的共同病理机制之一［1-2］。
作用于子宫平滑肌的药物DrugsAffectUterineSmoothMuscles
作用机制： (1) 与胞浆膜上缩宫素受体结合，通过其偶联的G蛋
白介导PLC，生成IP3，增加细胞内钙释放。 (2) 通过细胞膜去极化，激活电压敏感性钙通道，增
加胞浆中Ca2+浓度。
子宫平滑肌对oxytocin敏感性与该受体数目相平行。
2. 排乳 收缩乳腺小叶周围肌上皮细胞，促进排乳。
3. 舒张血管平滑肌 大剂量尤其麻醉状态下，引起短暂而显著的血 管平滑肌舒张，使收缩压、舒张压均下降。
4. 冬眠合剂 5. 氢麦角毒(dihydroergotoxine)具有阻断α受体
及抑制中枢作用，可与promethazine、pethidine 组成冬眠合剂。
【不良反应】
可引起恶心、呕吐和血压升高，偶见过敏反 应。严重者出现呼吸困难、血压下降。过量可导 致精神错乱、抑郁、惊厥及各种神经综合征。 Extractum ergotae liquidum中含有ergotoxine和 ergotamine ， 长 期 应 用 可 损 害 血 管 内 皮 细 胞 。 禁 用于孕妇。
二、其他子宫平滑肌抑制药 (一) 硫酸镁 (magnesium sulfate) (二) 钙通道阻滞药
硝苯地平(nifedipine) (三) 前列腺素合成酶抑制剂
吲哚美辛(indomethacin) (四) 缩宫素受体拮抗剂
阿托西班(atosiban)
+++
0
Parkinson’s
disease
Agonist effect is indicated by +, antagonist by , no effect by 0. The number of sign (+ or –) indicates relative affinity for the receptor. PA means partial agonist.
积雪草水煎液预先灌胃的阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力观察
积雪草水煎液预先灌胃的阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力观察黄幼异;黄秀峰;唐汉庆;王金妮【期刊名称】《山东医药》【年(卷),期】2018(058)043【摘要】目的观察积雪草水煎液预先灌胃的阿尔兹海默病(AD)模型小鼠的学习记忆能力.方法 60只SPF级昆明小鼠,雌雄过半,均经Morris水迷宫筛选和训练,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组及阳性药组.正常对照组、模型对照组以蒸馏水灌胃;高、中、低剂量组分别予0.624、0.312、0.156g/mL的积雪草水煎液灌胃,25 mL/kg;各组均干预30 d,第31天给药后30 min,除正常对照组外其余组小鼠腹腔注射2mg/kg的东莨菪碱制作AD模型.造模30 min时采用Morris水迷宫正式实验观察比较各组学习记忆能力(潜伏期、经过平台次数).脱颈椎处死各组小鼠,取脑组织,用紫外分光光度计测定各组小鼠脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,采用全自动酶免分析系统分测定各组小鼠脑组织丙二醛(MDA)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)含量.结果与模型对照组比较,高、中、低剂量组小鼠潜伏期缩短、经过平台次数增加(P均<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性;与正常对照组比较,模型对照组组小鼠潜伏期延长、经过平台次数降低(P均<0.05).与正常对照组比较,模型对照组小鼠脑组织内SOD、GSH-Px活性降低,MDA和AChE含量增加,ChAT含量减少(P均<0.05).与模型对照组比较,高剂量组小鼠脑组织GSH-Px活性升高,MDA含量降低,ChAT含量升高(P均<0.05).结论积雪草水煎液预先灌胃可减轻AD模型小鼠学习记忆能力的减退,其机制可能为增加脑组织内ChAT含量、提高GSH-Px活性,降低MDA含量.【总页数】4页(P43-46)【作者】黄幼异;黄秀峰;唐汉庆;王金妮【作者单位】右江民族医学院,广西百色533000;右江民族医学院,广西百色533000;右江民族医学院,广西百色533000;右江民族医学院,广西百色533000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R29【相关文献】1.5'-α、β-亚甲基-二磷酸腺苷对阿尔茨海默病小鼠学习记忆能力及脑透析液中腺苷水平的影响 [J], 宋伍;刘智;罗浩铭;张驰;姜爽2.乌圆补血口服液和海尔福口服液对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠血清脑生化指标的对比观察 [J], 张树球;刘燕;王三艳;梁月秀;马允;何新平;周国荃3.调心方对阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型早期学习记忆能力及LTP的影响 [J], 梁珍珍;陈亮4.烟碱不同给药途径对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力下降改善作用差异的研究 [J],5.恒清Ⅱ号方对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力的作用及机制研究 [J], 孟胜喜;陈慧泽;刘雨;王兵;李文涛;潘卫东;张云云因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
生物医药专业英语词汇
生物制药专业英语词汇Aabsolute lethal dose;LD100绝对致死剂量absorption rate constant吸收速率常数accelerated testing加速试验acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholine乙酰胆碱acrylic acid resin丙烯酸树酯activation激活作用activator激活剂active targeting preparation主动靶向制剂acute toxicity test急性毒性实验additive effect累加效应additive附加剂adenosine phosphate腺苷磷酸adhersive strength粘附力adhesion粘附性adhesives粘合剂adjuvant佐剂adrenergic nerve肾上腺素能神经adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能受体adverse reaction不良反应aerogel气凝胶aerosil微粉硅胶aerosol of micropowders for inspiration吸入粉雾剂aethylis oleas油酸乙酯agglomerate聚结物aggregation聚集air suspension空气悬浮法albumin microballoons白蛋白微球制剂alkaloid生物碱alkalosis;alkali-poisoning碱中毒allergy;allergic reaction变态反应allotted date of drug quality ensuring by manufacturer药品负责期all-trans全反式alterntae addition method两相交替加入法amebocyte lysate变形细胞溶解物amorphous forms无定型anaphylactic drug reaction过敏性药物反应anaphylatoxin过敏毒素anatoxin;toxoid类毒素angle of repose休止角antagonism拮抗作用antiadherent抗粘剂antibacterial spectrum抗菌谱antibody抗体antigen抗原antioxidants抗氧剂antipode对映体antisepesis防腐antiserum抗血清antitoxin抗毒素apparent solubility表现溶解度aprotinin抑酞酶aromatic compound芳族化合物aromatic waters芳香水剂Arrhenius方程阿仑尼乌斯方程artificial antigen人工合成抗原artificial immunization人工免疫aseptic technique无菌操作法astringent收敛药autoimmunity自身免疫Bbactericidal activity杀菌活性bactericidal effect杀菌作用bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriostatic activity抑菌活性bactriostasis抑菌作用ball mill球磨机base adsorption基质吸附率bases基质beeswax蜂蜡bending弯曲力bioavailability生物利用度bioavailability生物利用度biochemical approach生物学方法biochemistry生物化学biogenic amine生物胺biological half life生物半衰期biological product生物制品biometrics;biometry生物统计学biopharmacy生物药剂学blood coagulation血液凝固blood concentration血药浓度blood products血液制品blood volume expander血容量扩充剂blood-cerebral barrier血脑屏障body fluid体液body surface area体表面积bound water结合水分breakage(Bk)脆碎度broad-spectrum antibiotic广谱抗生素bulk density松密度、堆密度burst effect突释效应Ccaking结饼capillary state毛细管状capsules胶囊剂carcinogenic test致癌实验carcinogen致癌物carrier载体catecholamine儿茶酚胺CD圆二色谱法cellular immunity细胞免疫cellulose acetate(CA)醋酸纤维素chelating agent螯合剂chemical analysis化学分析chemical disinfection化学消毒法chemical physics化学物理学chemotherapy化学药物治疗chewable tablets咀嚼片chiral drug手性药物Chitosan壳聚糖chlinical pharmacy临床药学cholinesterase胆碱酯酶chronaxia;chronaxy时值chronic toxicity test;long term toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronopathology时辰病理学chronopharmacology时辰药理学chronosusceptability时间感受性chronotherapy时间治疗cipher prescription协定处方Clausius-Clapeyron方程克劳修斯－克拉珀龙方程clinical pharmaceutics临床药剂学clinical pharmacology临床药理学cloud point对聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂CMC-Na羧甲基纤维素纳CMS-Na羧甲基淀粉钠coagulation聚沉coated tablets包衣片coating material表材cocoa butter可可豆脂coefficient of diffusion扩散系数coenzyme辅酶cohesion凝聚性、粘着性cohesive strength内聚力cold compression method汽压法cold-homogenization冷却一匀化法cold-storage冷藏colon-targeted capsules结肠靶向胶囊剂compactibility成形性complement system补体系统complement补体complete antigen完全抗原complex coacervation复凝聚法complex solubilizer助溶剂compliance顺应性compressed tablets普通片compressibility压缩度compressibility压缩性compression压缩力compressive work压缩功concentration浓度cone and plate viscometer圆椎平板粘度计consistency curve稠度曲线content uniformity含量均匀度controllability可控性controlled release preparation控释制剂controlled release tablets控释片controlled-release preparation控释制剂convective mixing对流混合convective transport传递透过coordination number配位数core material表心物cosolvency潜溶cosolvent潜溶剂coulter counter method库尔特计数法count basis个数基准covalent bond共价键cracemization外消旋作用critical relative humidity（CRH）临界相对湿度critical velocity临界速度crude drugs;natural drugs天然药物crude drugs生药crushing粉碎crystal form晶型crystal habit晶态、晶癖、结晶习性cumulative size distribution累积分布cumulative urinary excretion curves累积尿排泄曲线cutting剪切力cyclodextrin(CYD)环糊精cylinder model圆栓体模型cytotoxic hexitols己糖醇细胞毒剂cytotoxicity细胞素Ddecoction汤剂degree of circularity圆形度degree of sphericility球形度delipidization角质层去脂质化desiccant;drying agent干燥剂detoxication解毒作用dextrin糊精dextrorotatory form右旋体dextrose右旋糖dialysis cell method渗析池法dicetyl phosphate磷酸二鲸蜡脂dielectric constant介电常数differential scanning calorimetry DSC差示扫描显热法Differential thermal analysis DTA差示热分析法diffusion扩散diffusive mixing扩散混合dilatant flow胀性流动diluents稀释剂、填充剂dimethicone(silicones)二甲基硅油、硅油、硅酮directed pharmaceutical preparations定向药物制剂discontinuous sterilization间歇灭菌法disinfection消毒disintegrants崩解剂disintegration崩解度disk assemble method圆盘法dispensing pharmacy调剂学disperse medium分散介质disperse phase分散相disperse system分散体系dispersed phase分散相、内相、非连续相dispersible tablets分散片displacement value(DV)置换价dissolution;dissolving溶解distilled water蒸馏水DLVO理论引力势能与斥力势能DME二甲醚DMSO二甲基亚矾dosage form剂型dosage regimen or dose rate给药方案或给药速度dosage;dose剂量dose or concentration dependency剂量或浓度的依存性dosing interval给药间隔double-blind technique双盲法drop dentifrices滴牙剂drug absorption药物吸收drug accumulation药物蓄积drug administration law药品管理法drug batch number药品批号drug carrier药物载体drug combination合并用药drug distribution药物分布drug elimination药物消除drug excretion药物排泄drug interaction药物相互作用drug metablic enzyme药物代谢酶drug metabolism药物代谢drug reaction药物反应drug sensitive test药敏试验Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准drug standard药品质量标准drug tolerance耐药性drug-induced diseases药源性疾病drug-loading rate载药量drug-time curve药—时曲线dry bulb temperature干球温度dumping effect突释效应Eear drops滴耳剂effective concentration有效浓度effective halt有效半衰期effective rate有效率effectiveness有效性effector效应器effector效应物effect效应effervescent disintegrants泡腾崩解剂effervescent tablets泡腾片elastic deformation弹性变形elastic recovery(ER)弹性复原率elastic work弹性功elasticity弹性electrolyte电解质electrolyzation电解electroporesis电致孔法electuary煎膏剂elimination rate constant消除速率常数emulsifer in water method水中乳化剂法、湿胶法emulsifier in oil method油中乳化剂法、干胶法emulsions乳剂emulsion普通乳enamine烯胺endocytosis内呑endotoxin内毒素enteric coated tablets肠溶衣片enteric coating肠溶衣enteric controlled release tablets肠溶控释片enterohepatic circulation肠肝循环entrapment rate包封率environmental pharmacology环境药理学epidermis表皮epimerization差向异构作用equilibrium solubility平衡溶解度equilibrium water平衡水分essential aminoacid必需氨基酸essential drugs基本药物essential fatty acid必需脂肪酸ethical(prescription)drug处方药ethnopharmacology人种药理学ethycellulose(EC)乙基纤维素etiological treatment对因治疗evaporation蒸发excipients辅料excitability兴奋性exotoxin外毒素expiry date;date of expiration药品有效期external phase分散介质、外相、连续相extracts浸膏剂extravascular administration血管外给药eye drop滴眼剂eye ointments眼膏剂Ffactorial design析因设计fatal dose;lethal dose致死量fatty oils脂肪油fermentation发酵fillers填充剂film coated tablets薄膜衣片film dispersion method薄分散法film-coating薄膜衣films膜剂filter aid助滤剂filtration过滤first pass effect of hepar肝首过效应first-pass effect首过效应fliud extracts流浸膏剂flocculation value絮凝度flocculation絮凝flow curve流动曲线flow velocity流出速度flowability流动性fluid-energy mills流能磨、气流式粉碎机fluidity buffer流动性缓冲剂fluidized bed coating流化床包衣法free water自由水分freely movable liquid自由流动液体freezing;refrigeration冷冻frequency size distribution频率分布funicular state索带状fusion融合Ggas analysis气体分析gas permeability method气体透过法GCP药物临床试验管理规范gelatin glycerin甘油胫胶gelatinization糊化gelatin明胶general acid-base catalysis广义酸碱催化Geneva nomenclature日内瓦命名法geometric diameter几何学粒子径geometric isomerization几何异构ghost cell影细胞glidants助流剂GLP药物非临床研究管理规范gluconeogenesis糖异生作用glycerins甘油剂glyceryl monostearate硬脂酸、甘油酯glycolic acid羟基乙酸glycolysis酵解GMP药品生产质量管理规范granule density颗粒密度granules颗粒剂growth curve生长曲线guest molecules客分子Hhalf lethal dose;median lethal dose;LD50半数致死剂量half-life period;half life time半衰期halogenide卤化物haptene半抗原hard capsules硬胶囊剂hardness硬度hemolysis溶血histamine组胺holonzyme and prosthetic group全酶与辅基hormone激素host molecules主分子humidity湿度humoral immunity体液免疫hydration of stratum corneum角质层的水化作用hydrogel水性凝胶hydrolysis水解（作用）hydrophile-lipophile balance亲水亲油平衡值hydrotropy agent助溶剂hydrotropy助溶hydroxypropyl methylcellulose羟丙甲纤维素hygroscopicity吸湿性hyperreactivity高敏性hypodermic tablets皮下注射用片IIDDS植入给药系统IEC离子交换色谱法IEF等电点聚焦immobile liquid不可流动液体immunoenhancement免疫增强剂immunogenicity免疫原性immunosuppressant;immuno inhibitor免疫抑制剂impact mill冲击式粉碎机impact冲击力implant tablets植入片implants埋植剂inclusion compound包含物incomplete antigen不完全抗原indirect carcinogenesis间接致癌individual differences;individual variation个体差异性industrial pharmacy工业药剂学infusion solution输液inhalation吸入法injection注射液in-liquid drying液中干燥法（乳化－溶剂挥发法）innocuity test method安全试验法interface polycondensation界面缩聚法intermediate中间体intoxication;poisoning中毒intra-arterial route动脉内注射intracorporal process of drugs药物的体内过程intradermal(ID)route皮内注射intramuscular(IM)route肌肉注射intrathecal injection鞘内注射intravascular administration血管内给药intravenous(IV)route静脉注射intrinsic dissolution rate特性溶出速率inverse targeting反向靶向iontophoresis离子渗透法IR红外光谱isoclectric focusingIEF等电点聚焦isomerase异构酶isoosmotic solution等渗溶液isotonic solution等张溶液isotope同位素Llag time时滞large unilamellar vesicles大单室脂质体least significant difference最小显著差数length basis长度基准levorotatory form左旋体levulose左旋糖light quantum光量子limit date of using a drug after its production药品使用期Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay for endotoxin内毒素鲎试剂测定法limulus lysate test鲎试验法linear correlation直线相关liniments搽剂liposome脂质体liquid immersion method液浸法liquid injection无针液体注射器liquid paraffin液体石碏long term toxicity test长期毒性实验long-circulating liposomes长循环脂质体long-term testing长期试验lotions洗剂low density lipoprotein低密度脂蛋白lubricants润滑剂lysozyme溶菌酶Mmacromolecule大分子magnetic controlled release dosage form磁性控释制剂magnetic medicinal preparations磁性药物制剂martin diameter定方向等分径mass basis质量基准matrix type骨架型maxial noneffective dose;EDO最大无作用剂量maximal tolerable dose;LDO最大耐受剂量maximum additive concentration MAC最大增溶浓度mechanical interlocking bonds粒子间机械镶嵌mediator;transmitter;medium介质medical colloidal solution胶体溶液型药剂medicinal liquor酒剂melt-homogenization熔融－匀化法membrane wall表膜壁壳membrane-moderated type TTS膜控释型TTS mesomer内消旋体methyl acrylate-methacrylate co甲基丙烯酸-丙烯酸甲酯micellar emulsion胶团乳micelle胶束microcapsules微表microemulsion微乳microencapsulation微型包表术、微表化micromeritics粉体学microreservoir-type TTS微贮库型microscropic method显微镜法microsomal enzyme微粒体酶Microspheres微球microstreaming超微束minimal effective dose最小有效量minimal lethal dose;MLD最小致死剂量minitablet小片mixture合剂moistening agent润湿剂moisture absorption吸湿性mol fraction concentration摩尔分数浓度molar volume;mole volume摩尔分子体积molarity摩尔浓度molecular biology分子生物学molecular capsules分子囊molecular disease分子病molecular pharmacology分子药理学molecular solution分子溶液mole摩尔monoclonal antibody单克隆抗体multifunctional enzyme多功能酶multilamellar vesicles多宝脂质体multilayer tablets多层片multiorfice-centrifugal process多孔离心法multiple dose administration多剂量给药mutation突变Nnacent soap method新生皂法nanocapsules纳米囊nanoemulsion纳米乳nanoliposomes纳米脂质体nanospheres纳米球naonparticle纳米粒nasal drops滴鼻剂natural antibody天然抗体natural antigen天然抗原natural immunity天然免疫neurotoxin神经毒素newtonian equation牛顿粘度定律newtonian fluid牛顿流体niosomes类脂质体，泡囊nitrite poisoning亚硝酸盐中毒nonbound water非结合水分nondepolarizer非去极化型肌松药non-essential amino acid非必需氨基酸nonionic surfactant vesicles非离子表面活性剂囊泡non-Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体nonprescription drug非处方药nucleation theory成核作用理论nucleotide核苷酸nutrient营养素Oocular inserts眼用膜剂official formula法定处方ointments软膏剂oligosaccharides低聚糖opitical isomerization光学异构oral administration口腔内给药ORD旋光色散orthologonal design区交设计osmotic pressure渗透压OSSDDS口服定位释药系统over the counter(OTC)非处方药oversize distribution筛上分布Ppacking fraction充填章paints涂剂paints涂膜剂pan coating锅包衣法paraffin石蜡particle size distribution粒度分布partition coefficient(P)分配系数parts per billion concentration PPB浓度parts per hundred concentration PPH浓度parts per hundred million concentration pphm浓度parts per million concentration ppm浓度passive immunity被动免疫passive targeting preparation被动靶向制剂passive transport被动转运peak concentration of drug药峰浓度peak time of drug药峰时间pendular state钟摆状penetration enhancers穿透促进剂penetration enhancers经皮吸收促进剂percentage concentration百分浓度phagocytosis吞噬作用pharmaceutical analysis药物分析pharmaceutical chemistry制药化学pharmaceutical engineering制剂学pharmaceutical equivalence药剂等效性pharmaceutical manufacturing制剂pharmaceutical preparation药物制剂pharmaceutics药剂学pharmacia淀粉微球pharmacodynamics药效动力学pharmacogenetics药物遗传学pharmacokinetics model药物动力学模型pharmacokinetics药物动力学pharmacological availability药理利用度pharmacology药理学phase inversion critical point转相临界点phase separation相分离法（物理化学法）phase transition temperature相转变湿度phase volume ratio相比phonophoresis超声波法photodegradation光化降解physical dependence身体依赖性physical pharmaceutics物理药剂学pill滴丸剂placebo安慰剂plasma protein binding ratio血浆蛋白结合率plasma substitute血浆代用液plasma血浆plaster硬膏剂plastic deformation塑性变形plastic viscosity塑性粘度plastisity塑性polymerization聚合polymers in pharmaceutics药用高分子材料学polymorphism多晶型polyose多糖polypeptide多肽porosity空隙率potency unit效价单位potency效价potency效价强度powder injection无针粉未注射器powders散剂powerful drug剧药preformulation处方前工作pregelatinized starch淀粉、预胶化淀粉、可压性淀粉preparation制剂prescription;recipe处方preservative防腐剂pressure sensitive adhersive压敏胶pressure-sensitive tape council剥离实验prickle cell layer棘层primary particle一级粒子prodrug前体药物proenzyme酶原prohormone激素原prolonged action preparation长效制剂propellents抛射剂propylene glycol丙二醇prosthetic group辅基pseudo steady state伪稳态pseudoplastic flow假塑性流动psychic dependence精神依赖性pulsed/pulsatile release脉冲释药pycnometer比重瓶pyrogen热原Qquantum pharmacology量子药理学quasi-viscous flow假粘性流动Rraceme外消旋体racemization外消旋化作用radiopharmaceutics放射药剂学radiotoxicology放射毒理学raman拉曼random floc不规则絮凝物rate of shear剪切速度、切速率、速度梯度receptor antagonist受体拮抗剂receptor stimulant受体激动剂receptor感受器receptor受体rectal administration直肠给药relative dosage interval相对给药间隔relative humidity(RH)相对湿度resistance to drugs抗药性response surface methodology效应面优化法restrictive holagogue限制性剧药retardants阻滞剂reverse osmosis反渗透rheology流变学ribonucleic acid;RNA核糖核酸rolling ball tack test滚球试验RP-HPLC反相高效液相色潽法rubbing研磨力Ssafety coefficient安全系统safety range安全范围safety安全性safflower藏红花油saponins皂甙saturated solution饱和溶液second particle二级粒子sedimentation method沉降法sedimentation rate沉降容积比selectivity选择性self-adjusted system自调式释药系统semi-logarithmic curve of drug-time药—时半对数曲线semisynthetic antibiotics半合成抗生素SEM扫描电镜sensitivity敏感性sensitization test致敏试验sensitization敏化作用sensitization致敏作用sequential design序贯设计serum血清settling velocity diameter有效径shape factor形状系数shear mixing剪切混合shearing force剪切应力、剪切力、切力short term carcinogenic test短期致癌实验side effect副作用sieving diameterDa，筛分径sieving method筛分法simple coacervation单凝聚法simplex method单纯形优化法single unilamellar vesicles小单室脂质体sink condition漏槽skin and mucocutaneous administration皮肤、粘膜表面给药slow pathway慢通道soft capsules软胶囊剂soft paraffin软石蜡solid bridges粒子间固体桥solid lipid nanospheres(SLN)固体脂质纳米粒solubility parameter溶解度参数solubility溶解度solubilization增溶solubilizer增溶剂solute溶质solution tablets溶液片solutions溶液剂solvent;dissolvent溶剂solvent-nonsolvent溶剂－非溶剂法soybean-derived sterol大豆甾醇specific acid-base catalysis专属酸碱催化specific surface area method地表面积法specific surface area地表面积specific volume松比客spermaceti鲸蜡spirits醑剂spongia,spongc海绵剂spray congealing喷雾凝结法spray drying喷雾干燥法State food and drug administration SFDA国家食品药品管理局steady state plasma concentration稳态血药浓度sterility无菌sterilization灭菌steroid withdrawal syndrome类固醇停药综合征sticky powder粘性粉体stress relaxation应力缓和stress testing影响因素试验、强化试验striping of stratum corneum去除角质层subacute intoxication;subacute poisoning亚急性中毒subcutaneous(SC)route皮下注射sublingual tablets舌下片subnanoemulsion亚纳米乳sugar coated tablets糖衣片supercritical Fluid(SCF)超临界流体（萃取）superinfection二重感染superoxide过氧化物suppositories栓剂surface activity表面活性surface basis面积基准surface tension表面张力suspending agents助悬剂suspending agent助悬剂Suspensions混悬剂suspension悬浮液Sustained release tablets缓释片Sustained-release preparation缓释制剂symptomatic treatment对症治疗synergism协同作用synergists协同剂synthesis of bioconvertible Prod生物转化前体药物的合成synthesis of lipophilic analogs脂质类物质的合成Synthesis of prodrugs前体药物的合成synthetic drugs合成药物syrups糖浆剂Ttablet hardness片剂硬度tablets片剂tachyphylaxis快速耐受tacking strength快粘力talc滑石粉tap density振实密度target cell靶细胞targetable drug delivery向靶给药targeting drug system(TDS)靶向给药系统TDDS经皮传递系统technology of pharmaceutics制剂学TEM透射电镜tensile strength(Ts)抗张强度teratogenic test致畸试验teratogen致畸物the Merck index默克索引the technique of sterilization灭菌技术theory of depletion stabilization空缺稳定理论therapeutic action治疗作用therapeutic dose治疗量therapeutic drug monitoring;TDM治疗药物临测therapeutic equivalence治疗等效（值）therapeutic index TI治疗指数thermal energy温热热能法threshold dose阈剂量thumb tack test拇指实验time clock定时钟time controlled explosive system时控-突释系统time-effect relationship时效关系tincture酊剂tincture酊剂titer抗体滴度titration curve滴定曲线titration滴定tolerance耐受性topochemical reactions局部化学反应toroches口含片toxic response;toxic reaction毒性反应toxicology毒理学trace element微量元素transdermal therapeutic system反向靶向transfersome传递体transmitter递质tricarboxylic acid cycle三羧酸循环true density真密度TTS经皮治疗制剂tween聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯Uunder distribution筛下分布uniform design均匀设计Vvaginal tablets阴道片vander walls力范德华力vaselin凡士林vertebra caval route脊椎腔注射viscoelasticity粘弹性viscosity coefficient粘度系数viscosity curve粘度曲线viscosity粘度viscosity粘性void ratio空隙比volume basis体积基准volume by volume concentration体积比浓度Wwet bulb temperature湿球温度Wet granulation湿法制粒wetting润湿性wool fat anhydrous无水羊毛脂wool fat羊毛脂World Health Organization;WHO世界卫生组织。
新型抗精神障碍药鲁拉西酮个体化用药研究进展
广东药科大学学报Journal of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Sep,2023,39(5)新型抗精神障碍药鲁拉西酮个体化用药研究进展陈玉清，杨烨，戴丽静，温预关（广州医科大学附属脑科医院Ⅰ期临床研究室，广东广州510370）摘要：鲁拉西酮是一种新型抗精神障碍药（第二代抗精神病药SGA），是多巴胺2型D2和血清素5-HT2A和5-HT7受体完全拮抗剂和部分5-HT1A受体激动剂。
鲁拉西酮对精神分裂症患者的精神病症状、感情症状、认知症状的治疗效果明显，同时对患者体重、代谢影响水平较小，具有良好的安全性及耐受性，广泛应用于临床治疗。
本文综述了鲁拉西酮的作用机制和药动学、群体药动学、安全性、有效性及耐受性、治疗药物检测、基因多态性、药物相互作用研究现状，以期为后续研究及临床个体化用药提供参考。
关键词：鲁拉西酮；药代动力学；治疗药物检测；群体药代动力学；基因多态性；个体化用药中图分类号：R971文献标识码：A文章编号：2096-3653（2023）05-0126-09DOI:10.16809/ki.2096-3653.2023072502Progress on individualized dosing of lurasidone,a new antipsychotic drugCHEN Yuqing,YANG Ye,DAI Lijing,WEN Yuguan*(Phase I Clinical Laboratory of Brain Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou510370,China) *Corresponding author Email:*******************Abstract:Lurasidone is a novel antipsychotic(second-generation antipsychotic SGA),which is a completeantagonist of dopamine type2(D2)and serotonin5-HT2Aand5-HT7receptors and a partial5-HT1Areceptoragonist.It is widely used in the clinical treatment of patients with schizophrenia because of its significant efficacy in psychotic,affective,and cognitive symptoms,and its low effect on body mass and metabolism,as well as its good safety and tolerability.Based on this,the review focuses on the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic studies,population pharmacokinetics,safety,efficacy and tolerability,therapeutic drug testing,gene polymorphism,and drug interaction studies of lurasidone,with the aim of providing reference for follow-up studies and individualized clinical treatment.Key words:lurasidone;pharmacokinetics;therapeutic drug monitoring;population pharmacokinetics;genetic polymorphisms;individual medication鲁拉西酮（lurasidone）是新型第2代抗精神障碍药之一，由日本住友制药研制。
作用于呼吸系统的药物
应用：与糖皮质激素合用，以减少其用量或治 疗糖皮质激素效果不佳者。 常用药：扎鲁司特、孟鲁司特、齐留通(抑制5脂氧酶)。 （三）抗过敏平喘药 作用：1.稳定肥大细胞膜，减少脱颗粒 降低气道 Fig. 2.轻度抑制气道炎症 3.抑制气道感觉神经未梢 反应性 特点：显效慢，只宜用于预防。 应用：预防外因性哮喘 常用药 Tab.
Chapter 31 drugs acting on respiratory system 一、平喘药 （一）支气管扩张药：肾上腺素受体激动药、 茶碱类、M受体阻断药 （二）抗炎平喘药：糖皮质激素、抗白三烯药 （三）抗过敏平喘药： 二、镇咳药 （一）中枢性镇咳药 （二）外周性镇咳药 三、祛痰药 （一）粘液分泌促进药 （二）粘痰溶解药
应用：哮喘危重病人、对糖皮质激素有依赖性 的病人。(急重病人可全身用药，一般 多用局部吸入给药)。 不良反应：全身用时多而重；局部用时主要是 声音嘶哑、口咽部念珠菌感染。 常用供吸入给药的品种： 丙酸氟替卡松(FP)、二丙酸倍氯米松(BDP)、布 地萘德(BUD)、曲安萘德(TAA)、氟尼缩松(FNS) 2.抗白三烯药 作用：通过抑制白三烯合成或拮抗白三烯引起 的支气管粘液分泌增加、纤毛运动减弱、 微血管透性增加、嗜酸性粒细胞浸润、 缓激肽释放等作用。
Chapter 33 The drugs effecting the smooth muscles in uterus 一、子宫平滑肌兴奋药 （一）缩宫素 （二）垂体后叶素 （三）前列腺素类 （四）麦角生物碱类 二、子宫平滑肌抑制药
Purpose and Requirements
Master：the effects,usage and adverse effects of aminophylline and oxytocin. Be familiar with：the effects and usage of other antiasthmatic drugs; the feature and usage of other oxytocics(uterus stimulants). Know：the effects and usage of antitussives, expectorant and uterine inhibitors used usually.
在妊娠哺乳期用药
etritinate
24
第二十五页，共四十九页。
Unknown 65%
Genetic 25%
Chemicals, drugs
radiation/ hyperthermia
1%
Schardein JL, 2000.
Mechanical 2%
第二十六页，共四十九页。
Maternal conditions
There are two major considerations regarding drug use in pregnant women:
第二页，共四十九页。
第三页，共四十九页。
1. About 40% 2. 6%
antacids.
analgesics, antibacterial,
3
第四页，共四十九页。
I. Effect of pregnancy on drugs
(
)
Absorption
The rate
The extent
Vomiting
. Effect?
Reduced bioavailability
4 第五页，共四十九页。
1 Maternal
& ECF ▲ 50% (3rd trimester)
the drug 6. The effects of drugs used in combination
18 第十九页，共四十九页。
2-Pharmacological effects:
indirect
direct
第二十页，共四十九页。
Interference by drugs in this stage leads to failure of pregnancy (death of fetus) at a very early and probably sub-clinical stage.
子宫平滑肌兴奋药和抑制药
子宫平滑肌兴奋药和抑制药
DRUGS ACTING ON THE UTERINE SMOOTH MUSCLE
第一节 子宫平滑肌兴奋药
子宫平滑肌兴奋药：
是一类选择性兴奋子宫平滑肌，引起子宫收缩的 药物。
因子宫生理状态及所用制剂和剂量的不同，使子 宫产生节律性收缩，或产生强直性收缩。
[麦角生物碱的分类]
① 胺生物碱类
代表：麦角新碱(ergonovine) 特点：易溶于水，对子宫的兴奋作用快而强，维持
时间较短。
② 肽生物碱类
代表：麦角胺(ergotamine)、麦角毒(ergotoxine) 特点：难溶于水，对血管作用显著，起效缓慢但维
持时间较久。
第一节 子宫平麦滑角肌生兴物奋碱药
第一节 子宫平滑前肌列腺兴素奋药
[作用]
1. 对妊娠各期子宫都有兴奋作用，分娩前的子宫 尤为敏感。妊娠初期和中期效果远比缩宫素强 。
2. 引起子宫收缩的特性与生理性阵痛相似，在增 强子宫平滑肌节律性收缩的同时，尚能使子宫 颈松弛。
第二节 子宫平滑肌抑制药
子宫平滑肌抑制药
又称抗分娩药
抑制子宫平滑肌收缩,减少子宫活动； 主要用于防止痛经和早产。
❖ 缩宫素 (oxytocin)，又名催产素 ❖ 由丘脑下部生成，沿下丘脑-垂体束转运至神经
垂体贮存及分泌的激素。 ❖ 人工合成或动物提取（有少量抗利尿激素）获得
[体内过程]
口服易被消化酶破坏而无效。 肌内注射吸收良好，但维持时间短。常采用静脉
滴注以维持疗效。 大部分经肝肾消除，小部分以结合的形式由尿液
第二节 子宫平滑肌抑制药
子宫平滑肌抑制药物：
β2受体激动药 硫酸镁 钙通道阻滞药 前列腺素合成酶抑制药 缩宫素拮抗药 ...其他等
《中西医结合护理》2023年9卷7期封面-目录页-封底
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with five -element music therapy and nursing management of diarrhea in a patient with hemorrhagic stroke of Qi -deficiency and blood stasis syndrome …………LEI Xiaoyang ， CHEN Qing ， XU Shilai ， ZHANG Zhanwei ， ZHANG Qian ， DENG Haixia （34）Nursing of a patient with insomnia of heart -kidney disharmony treated by auricular acupoint pressing and acupoint finger -pressing therapy ………………………………………ZHANG Hui ， ZHOU Yunbo （38）Nursing of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for a patient with neurogenic bladder ………………………ZHENG Yingqian ， XU Jing ， ZOU Qiuyu （41）Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment and nursing for a patient with recurrent fever in the sequelae of stroke with phlegm -heat stasis syndrome …………LUO Huanwen ， ZHOU Yunbo ， LIU Caidan （45）Nursing of a patient with acute cerebral infarction combined with lower gas⁃trointestinal tract bleeding ……………CHEN Haixiang ， WU Min （49）Psychological counseling and nursing interventions with Traditional Chi⁃nese Medicine characteristics for a patient with cluster headache………LIU Caidan ， YU Yanlan ， ZHOU Yunbo ， LUO Huanwen （54）Research progress of Traditional Chinese and Western medicine early reha⁃bilitation and its influencing factors in severe stroke patients…………………………………………LUO Hong ， YU Yanlan （58）Contents Responsible InstitutionBeijing Administration of Tradi⁃tional Chinese Medicine SponsorAssociation o f I ntegrative N ursingBeijing Traditional Chinese Med⁃icine Nursing Competence Im⁃provement Project OfficeEiditingEditorial Board of Chinese Jour⁃nal of Integrative Nursing Editor-in-ChiefTANG Ling DirectorHUANG Lei EditorsYIN Jiajie WU Yinping Editorial Assistant E Haiyan Art Editor WANG Li Address NO.155， Longpan Road ，Nanjing ， China Post Code 210037Tel + 86 - 25 - 85552880E⁃mail ： bjb@PublisherIntegrative Nursing Press Founder and CEO YE Zhenhua Tel + 86 - 25 - 85630967Online Publishinghttp ： / / E⁃mail ： tg@Academic DisseminationIntegrative Nursing （Nanjing ）Co.，LtdVolume 9Number 7July 2023Application progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing technology in constipation after stroke ……………………………ZHANG Xi， CHEN Ouying， XU Shilai， ZHANG Zhanwei， LEI Xiaoyang （65）Progress of research on Traditional Chinese Medicine characteristic nursing of patients with cognitive impair⁃ment after stroke………………………………LI Wenya， XIAO Chun， HUANG Lu， PENG Xiaoling （71）Conception and prospect of talent training of Traditional Chinese Medicine encephalopathy nurse specialists …………………………………………………LIANG Xingxing， LI Huan， DENG Qian， HUANG Lu （78）Focusing on the integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and building an innovative management model for chronic diseases in the elderly……………………………………………………YANG Mei （82）On the thinking of development trend of chronic disease management in the elderly……………YANG Mei （84）Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine collapse stains combined with ultrasound drug penetration therapy in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the elderly………ZHANG Yuanlin， CAI Weiwei， LI Na （90）Effect of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in nursing of patients with allergic rhinitis …………………………………………………………………SUO Cuihong， YANG Mei， LIU Yunxia （95）Effect of cognitive impairment assessment on the incidence of hypoglycemia in hospitalized elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus……………………………………………………………………LIU Yunxia （100）Influential factors and countermeasures of the difficulty in inserting peripheral inserted central venous catheter among elderly patients…………………………………………………………………………HE Ying （105）Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing combined with continuous nebulization in nursing of elderly pa⁃tients undergoing tracheostomy…………………………………………………………HUANG Ning （110）Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing technology for elderly patients with advanced cancer ……………………………………………………………………………………………JIANG Shan （114）Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine characteristic nursing technology combined with health education on gas⁃trointestinal adverse reactions during chemotherapy in elderly patients with cancer…………LI Fang （119）Effect of care bundles on the prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis in the elderly…………………………………………………………LIU Yuhui， ZHANG Yaping， ZHENG Zhilan （123）Analysis of depression status and nursing interventions in 163 patients with liver disease……………………………………………WANG Yundan， WANG Weixian， HU Deying， LIU Yilan （126）Nursing of a patient with incomplete intestinal obstruction treated by the ultrasound-enhanced penetration of Tra⁃ditional Chinese Medicine………………………………………………………………………LIU Xu （133）Perioperative nursing of a patient undergoing total parathyroidectomy with subcutaneous autotransplantation for secondary hyperparathyroidism……………………………………………………………XIE Jihong （137）Nursing of a patient undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy for chronic renal failure …………………………………………………………………………………XU Juan， WANG Yaru （141）Auricular acupoint pressing therapy and nursing of a patient with insomnia after quitting smoking ……………………CAO Lei， KONG Xiaochun， LIU Yang， ZHANG Lijun， E Haiyan， TANG Ling （144）Auricular acupoint pressing and nursing of a patient with pneumonia and diabetes mellitus…HAN Jinghua （147）Application of fever triage system in emergency pre-examination and triage of COVID-19 patients ………………………………………………………………………………………………CHEN Xi （150）Influencing factors and nursing countermeasures of hypothermia in elder patients undergoing laparoscopic resec⁃tion of colon cancer………………………………………………………………………ZHU Yuehua （154）Review on the application of acupoint sticking therapy for constipation in adult patients………WANG Xiaomin， ZHENG Naihua， YANG Dongmei， E Haiyan， ZHANG Lijun， LIU Xiaoliu （158）Research progress on causes and nursing countermeasures of falls in elderly stroke patientsVolume 9Number 7July 2023………………………………………………………………………………MA Cuiqing， YANG Mei （164）An Evidence summary of postoperative pain management in spinal surgery…………………………………………………………XIANG Tingting， ZHENG Su， XIE Xiaomin （170）Discharge readiness and its influencing factors among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus ……………………………………………………………DUAN Meimei， SUN Guiyu， LI Yuanyuan （176）A qualitative study on dietary distress of lung cancer patients during chemotherapy…………………………………………………………………………ZHANG Yueyu， YIN Yuanyuan （182）Application of stone needle ironing therapy in a patient with abdominal distension after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis……………………………………………………………………………………ZHANG Xu （188）Nursing of a patient with deep muscle abscess after minimally invasive surgery for hepatic masses …………………………………………………………………………………………FENG Ruiping （191）Sherlock 3CGtip confirmation system for placement of peripherally inserted central catheters and related nursing countermeasures in a patient with double superior vena cava……………………………SONG Lanna， WANG Yuan， WANG Wenxuan， WANG Yu， ZHANG Na （195）Intracavitary electrocardiography for peripherally inserted central catheters tip location and nursing for a patient with persistent atrial fibrillation and acute left heart failure…………………LIAO Lihong， SHI Lihua （201）Application and nursing of prone ventilation technique in ICU………………………………………………DAI Hongran， WANG Huazhi， LI Yuhua， MA Haihong （205）Influence of enteral nutrition support via nasointestinal tube combined with fast-truck surgery on nutritional sta⁃tus， complications and postoperative rehabilitation of patients with severe head injury……LU Huixin （209）Effect of pelvic floor muscle training combined with hydrotherapy on postoperative rehabilitation of patients un⁃dergoing for sphincter preservation rectal cancer………………………HUANG Liming， WU Lifang （215）Establishment of chief nurse position in training and duty management of newly recruited nurses ……………………………………………………HE Dandan， ZHU Hengmei， YANG Lu， NI Yuan （219）Application of crisis management in patient complaint management in the pediatric dentistry clinic ……………………………………………………………………ZHOU Lina， LUO Sha， WANG Yan （224）Prone position ventilation and nursing management for a patient with influenza A （H1N1）virus infection com⁃bined with hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae infection………………………………………WEI Xian， WANG Huiping， LIU Lu， LI Zhen， ZHANG Zhishu （229）Therapeutic effect of Ixekizumab combined with hemoperfusion in a patient with severe psoriasis ………………………………………………………………………LI Jing， SHEN Xia， LI Hongxian （234）Emergency care of a patient with ventricular arrhythmiastorms following acute myocardial infarction ……………………………………………………………………………………………WANG Biyun （237）Research progress in nursing of multiple myeloma complicated by peripheral neuropathy………………………………LI Lixia， BAN Jinchun， LIANG Jinglin， NONG Zhenzhen， WEI Ling （241）。
利伐沙班与临床常用药的药物相互作用研究进展
•196 •第 44 卷第 1期2021 年 1月Drug Evaluation Research Vol. 44 No. 1January 2021利伐沙班与临床常用药的药物相互作用研究进展赵婷婷，吴敬敬’，刘克辛_大连医科大学药学院，辽宁大连116044摘要：利伐沙班作为一种特异性凝血因子X a抑制剂在临床上被广泛应用于抗凝的预防及治疗中。
然而，在临床应用过 程中，利伐沙班与其他药物合用所致的出血风险仍需密切监视。
聚焦药物代谢酶及转运体，分别从利伐沙班与心血管系统 药物、抗肿瘤药物、以及代谢靶点相关药物合用等方面系统综述药动学介导的利伐沙班相关药物-药物相互作用的研宄进 展，旨在为利伐沙班的临床安全合理用药提供更科学、更直接的指导依据。
关键词：利伐沙班；药物-药物相互作用；转运体；代谢酶：药动学中图分类号：R969.2文献标志码：A文章编号：1674-6376(2021)01-0196-09D O I：10.7501/j.issn. 1674-6376.2021.01.028Pharmacokinetics-mediated drug-drug interactions of rivaroxaban with clinic common drugsZHAO Tingting,WU Jingjing,LIU KexinC o l l e g e o f P h a r m a c y,D a l i a n M e d i c a l University, D a l i a n116044, C h i n aAbstract: R i v a r o x a b a n as a specific X a inhibitor is w i d e l y applied to the p r e v e n t i o n a n d trea t m e n t o f clinical anticoagulation.H o w e v e r,the risk o f b l e e d i n g c a u s e d b y the c o m b i n a t i o n o f r i v a r o x a b a n w i t h other d r u g s still n e e d s to b e closely m o n i t o r e d in clinical application. T h i s r e v i e w foc u s e s o n the m e t a b o l i c e n z y m e s a n d transporters, systematically s u m m a r i z e s the p r o g r e s s o f r i v a r o x a b a n related D D I s m e d i a t e d b y p h a r m a c o k i n e t i c s f r o m the aspects o f the applications c o m b i n e d w i t h c a r d i ovascular drugs, anti-cancer d r u g s a n d d r u g s related to m e t a b o l i c targets a n d so on, a i m i n g to p r o v i d e m o r e significant a n d direct g u i d a n c e for r i v a r o x a b a n clinical application.Key words: rivaroxaban; d r u g-d r u g interaction; transporter; m e t a b o l i c e n z y m e s; p h a r m a c o k i n e t i c s利伐沙班作为一种新型口服抗凝剂，通过抑制 凝血级联反应中的凝血因子Xa而发挥特异性的抗 凝作用[M]。
达格列净联合二甲双胍治疗2_型糖尿病的效果观察
·药物与临床·糖尿病新世界 2023年9月DOI：10.16658/ki.1672-4062.2023.18.085达格列净联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的效果观察卢红艳1，21.广宁县人民医院呼吸科，广东肇庆526300；2.广宁县人民医院内分泌科，广东肇庆526300[摘要]目的探讨对2型糖尿病患者采用达格列净+二甲双胍药物完成治疗后获得临床效果。
方法选取2020年10月—2021年10月广宁县人民医院100例2型糖尿病患者，按照随机数字表法分为常规组和研究组，各50例。
常规组采用格列齐特缓释片+二甲双胍缓释片治疗，研究组采用达格列净+二甲双胍缓释片治疗。
比较两组患者治疗结果。
结果研究组治疗总有效率（98.00%）高于常规组（84.00%），差异有统计学意义（χ2= 5.983，P<0.05）。
治疗后，研究组三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇以及体质指数均低于常规组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
治疗后，研究组空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、餐后2 h血糖水平均低于常规组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
结论达格列净+二甲双胍缓释片联合应用，可显著提高患者治疗效果，显著改善血脂水平以及体质量，有效降低血糖水平，促进2型糖尿病患者总体预后水平改善。
[关键词] 2型糖尿病；达格列净；二甲双胍缓释片；格列齐特缓释片；治疗总有效率；血脂指标；体质指数；血糖指标[中图分类号] R47 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062（2023）09（b）-0085-04Efficacy of Dapagliflozin Combined with Metformin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes MellitusLU Hongyan1,21. Department of Respiratory, Guangning County People's Hospital, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, 526300 China;2. Department of Endocrinology, Guangning County People's Hospital, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, 526300 China[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical effect of dapagliflozin plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabe‐tes. Methods 100 patients with type 2 diabetes in Guangning County People's Hospital from October 2020 to October 2021 were selected and divided into routine group and study group according to random number table, with 50 casesin each group. The routine group was treated with gliclazide sustained-release tablets and metformin sustained-release tablets, while the study group was treated with daggliflozin and metformin sustained-release tablets. Compared the treatment results of two groups of patients. Results The total effective rate of the study group (98.00%) was higher than that of the routine group (84.00%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.983, P<0.05). After treat‐ment, the levels of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and body mass index in the study group were lower than those in the routine group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the study group were sig‐nificantly lower than those in the routine group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The combined application of dapagliflozin and metformin sustained-release tablets can significantly improve the therapeu‐tic effect of patients, significantly improve the level of blood lipid and body mass, effectively reduce the level of blood glucose, and promote the improvement of the overall prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes.[Key words] Type 2 diabetes; Dapagliflozin; Metformin sustained-release tablets; Gliclazide sustained release tab‐lets; Total effective rate of treatment; Blood lipid index; Body mass index; Blood glucose index[作者简介]卢红艳（1982-），女，本科，副主任医师，研究方向为内分泌。
姜黄素抑制子宫内膜异位症雌激素生成的实验研究
姜黄素抑制子宫内膜异位症雌激素生成的实验研究姜黄素抑制子宫内膜异位症雌激素生成的实验研究引言：子宫内膜异位症是一种常见的妇科疾病，其特征为子宫内膜异位细胞在子宫腔外组织中生长，导致疼痛、月经不调和不孕症等症状。
研究表明，雌激素在子宫内膜异位症的发展中发挥重要作用。
本实验旨在探讨姜黄素对子宫内膜异位症雌激素生成的影响。
材料与方法：1. 实验动物选择：选用雌性SD大鼠40只，体重范围在180~200g。
2. 组建实验组和对照组：将40只大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组，每组20只。
实验组大鼠腹腔注射5mg/kg的姜黄素，对照组注射等体积的生理盐水。
3. 建立子宫内膜异位症模型：给予所有大鼠透明杯放置在腹腔内，然后缝合腹膜和皮肤。
随后，注射异位子宫内膜组织，每只大鼠1片。
4. 分组观察：将实验组和对照组分别进一步分为两个亚组，每个亚组包含5只大鼠。
每隔5天观察一次，连续观察30天。
5. 取材与分析：在观察结束后，从每个组中随机选取3只大鼠，取出子宫并固定在福尔马林中。
随后，通过石蜡切片技术，制备组织切片。
对组织切片进行苏木精-伊红染色，观察异位子宫内膜组织情况。
结果：1. 大鼠在注射异位子宫内膜组织后，逐渐出现子宫内膜异位症的症状，如子宫增大、子宫内膜组织移植点的出血和炎症等。
2. 实验组大鼠注射姜黄素后，相比对照组，明显减轻了子宫内膜异位症的症状，如子宫大小、异位组织的出血和炎症情况明显减少。
3. 组织切片观察结果显示，实验组大鼠的异位子宫内膜组织数量明显减少，结构紊乱程度也显著降低。
讨论：本实验结果表明，姜黄素能够抑制子宫内膜异位症中雌激素的生成，从而有效减轻子宫内膜异位症的症状。
姜黄素作为一种天然植物提取物，具有较好的生物学活性和安全性，能够作为潜在的治疗子宫内膜异位症的药物候选物。
结论：本实验验证了姜黄素抑制子宫内膜异位症雌激素生成的作用，为进一步研究姜黄素在临床应用中的潜力提供了实验依据。
希望该研究能够为开发新的治疗手段和药物提供基础，为患者提供更好的治疗效果，改善生活质量。
孕妇饮食十六不宜（Pregnan...
孕妇饮食十六不宜（Pregnant women diet sixteen is notappropriate）Pregnant women diet sixteen is not appropriateIn order to ensure that pregnant women can successfully pass the pregnancy period, in terms of diet, pregnant women should pay attention to the following aspects:Hawthorn should not be eatenHawthorn contains the hawthorn acid, tartaric acid and brass composition, will strengthen the contraction of uterine smooth muscle, easy to cause early pregnancy in pregnant women uterine contraction, leading to abortion.Longan should not be eatenLongan sex warm, yin deficiency, internal heat constitution and heat disease patients should not eat more, especially the Yin blood deficiency pregnant women, more should not eat longan. More food can cause pregnant women fetal hot dry stool, dry mouth, liver meridian, also can appear red, abdominal pain and other leakage abortion aura symptoms.Don't eat more canned foodCanned foods contain additives and preservatives. After the pregnancy of women, a series of changes in the body, so that some harmful substances are not easy to detoxify and excreted. Fetal tissues and organs in early pregnancy are not perfect,and there is no detoxification function. During pregnancy, especially in early pregnancy, large amounts of canned food can cause chronic poisoning and even fetal and miscarriage.Drinks and foods unfit for caffeinated beveragesContain caffeine caffeine, cocoa, tea, chocolate and carbonated drinks, pregnant women after drinking, will be nausea, vomiting, headache, rapid heartbeat and other symptoms of poisoning, increase the risk of complications of pregnancy and abortion. Caffeine will enter the body through the placenta, increased fetal movement, the normal development of the impact of fetal brain, heart and liver and other organs, fetal abnormalities, low birth weight.Should not eat hot spicesAfter pregnancy often eat hot spices such as pepper, aniseed, pepper, fennel, cumin, five spice powder, chili powder, cinnamon, to intestinal water consumption to reduce the secretion of gastrointestinal glands, cause constipation.Don't eat fried dough sticksFritters added alum in the process of making. Alum is an inorganic substance containing aluminum. Aluminum can invade the fetal brain through the placenta, forming a brain disorder.Should not eat acidic foodAcidic food can reduce the alkalinity of the body, causing thebody fatigue and weakness. Long term acidic constitution can affect fetal growth and development, resulting in fetal malformation.Inappropriate drinking and indiscriminate use of drugsPregnant women drinking and disorderly medication are important factors leading to fetal malformation and mental retardation. Pregnant women not only can not drink liquor, nor can it be rum, because sweet wine also contains alcohol, it will cause harm to the fetus.Should not eat more sugarPregnant women eating sugar will weaken the ability to resist external invasion of the virus in pregnant women, it will consume a lot of calcium, caused by pregnant women can also cause severe fetal acidosis, resulting in fetal calcium deficiency, osteoporosis, affect fetal skull development.Unfit for animal brainExtracts from the brain, pituitary, and posterior lobes of the brain can cause contractions of the uterus and induce the action of oxytocin. Eating brain in pregnant women can cause premature birth.Tips for pregnant womenAbout quasi DadBanned in about in order to avoid sexually transmitted diseases and cause fetal damage. In life, we must also be careful with pregnant women.Royal jelly is unfit for drinkingRoyal jelly is a viscous liquid a white or pale yellow with a sweet bee smoke gland or glands produce retropharyngeal and some sour, is for the queen and enjoy the food. The queen bee has strong vitality by eating Royal jelly. Every 100 grams of royal jelly contains water 66 grams of protein, 12.34 grams, 5.46 grams of fat, and 20 kinds of amino acids, vitamins, hormones, fats, minerals and other 70 kinds of ingredients, has the efficacy of nourishing and strong, replenishing qi and blood, spleen and blood, stomach cancer. However, pregnant women should not drink royal jelly, because the royal jelly in the hormone like substance will stimulate the uterus, causing contraction of the uterus, affecting fetal development.Should not eat moldy foodPregnant women who consume contaminated food contaminated with mycotoxins can cause cell chromosome breakage in the fetus, resulting in miscarriage, stillbirth, limb deformities, multiple fingers, congenital heart disease, and organ development.Unfit for cannibalismGinseng as po vigor of the goods, if Jiufu will cause the arrogant Yin consumption, Yindeficiency, heat increased. Afterpregnant women will disturb the fetus, unfavorable fetal growth.Spinach should not be eaten too muchSpinach is mainly composed of oxalic acid. Too much oxalic acid can destroy calcium and trace element zinc in the body fluid. Calcium and zinc are indispensable trace elements for the human body, and the demand for calcium and zinc is greater in pregnant women and fetuses. Therefore, pregnant women should not eat spinach.Should not eat MSGAlso called monosodium glutamate, eating too much, is likely to cause fetal zinc deficiency.Should not eat hot potEating hot pot is a kind of instant boiled meat, while meat is often infected with toxoplasma. The infection rate of Toxoplasma in sheep was about 60%, about 20% in pigs and 14% in cattle. The worms are often hidden in the muscles of such infected animals, and the short time heating of the chafing dish does not eliminate them. After eating, the pregnant woman can cause miscarriage, stillbirth or fetal death.The two month pregnant womenPregnant women should change their diet at any time according to the month of pregnancy and supplement their nutrition. Manis corresponding to heaven and earth, relative to the sun and moon. The change of the natural climate affects the physiology and pathology of the human body at all times. Therefore, the pregnant woman can not get rid of this law. According to the growth of the fetus, choose the right diet, avoid monotony.In "the daughter to square", we recorded the method of feeding animals on a monthly basis, roughly as follows:At 1 months of gestation, the embryo has just formedThe diet should be fine cooked, food can eat flour, food can be sour, but the food should not eat spicy xingsao.At 2 months of pregnancy, the first trimester of pregnancy is severeThe morning before you can eat dry food, such as cookies, Baked Mantou tablets, do not eat gruel and soup. Dinner may be more generous. To eat less, eat more, mainly to light and delicious.At 3 months of pregnancy, pregnant women tend to be irritableServe chicken soup. A fat cock, and liquorice, Poria, gelatin, dangshen 6 grams, 3 grams Atractylodes, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Ophiopogon 9 grams, 12 grams of ginger, jujube 12 pieces, some stew, can raise fetal liver. In addition, enough protein is required to eat more eggs, fish, lean meat and soy products.You can eat more brown rice at 4 months of pregnancyTo Tubusi food, drink chrysanthemum soup: take a chicken, add 10 grams of chrysanthemum, Ophiopogon 5 grams, 9 grams of gelatin, licorice, angelica 6 grams, 3 grams of Radix Codonopsis, pinellia 12 grams, jujube 12 pieces, ginger number, stew, adjustable gas, nourishing the fetus liver.At 5 months of gestation, the fetus grows most rapidlyThe diet should be large in quantity and high in quality. Can eat more beef and mutton, every day to ensure that two eggs, 50-100 grams of lean meat, 100-150 grams of soy products, 500 grams of vegetables, seafood, nuts, fruits, animal liver, bone soup, blood and so on.During the first 6 months of pregnancy, eat porridgeEat cold food lessEdible Maimendong decoction, namely Ophiopogon 10 grams, Huang Ling, peony, Atractylodes, licorice 6 grams, 12 grams of gelatin, dried Rehmannia 9 grams, jujube 15 pieces, ginger number, female chicken stew, after eating can make skin and muscle fine, the poison is not easy to invade.7-9 months after pregnancy, the fetus maturesFetal development is good, pregnant women are more fat, but slightly restricted diet; on the contrary, poor pregnant women, fetal development is inadequate, to increase nutrition.In short, according to the physiological characteristics ofpregnant women pregnant arrangements, diet, while not biased, to ensure the necessary nutrition.Tips for pregnant womenThe prevention of leg muscle cramps, can borrow added calcium foods (such as milk, meat and eggs or calcium...... ) to relieve the symptoms of cramping.Maternal nutrition is closely related to child intelligenceEvery mother wants their child to be clever and sensible. Therefore, every pregnant woman can not ignore the nutrition during pregnancy and lactation.Intelligence and brain development are related to the number of brain cells and the back of the brain. The British University of Manchester after years of research, due to pregnancy after 5-8 months is a period of growth and development of the brain, during this period, children's milk or fetal malnutrition is the main reason of incomplete intelligence development. If pregnant women are malnourished at this stage, they may not be able to compensate for the adverse effects on brain development in infants.What is the proper nutrition for pregnant women?First of all, to ensure protein, fat and enough calories; secondly, to supplement the appropriate amount of calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine and so on,As well as a rich vitamin and a certain amount of cellulose. Milk, animal liver, eggs and meat are the best food for pregnant women. If pregnant women are greasy, they may eat more soy products to supplement the protein. In addition, seafood, walnuts, peanuts, miscellaneous grains, inorganic salts, fruits and vegetables are not to be ignored.In short, pregnant women can not be partial eclipse, it is necessary to use rich and varied food to raise the fetus, and lay a good material foundation for the development of their intelligence。
双子宫相关临床问题分析
双子宫相关临床问题分析张敏敏;顾江红【期刊名称】《浙江中西医结合杂志》【年(卷),期】2017(027)009【总页数】4页(P822-825)【关键词】双子宫;先天性子宫畸形;妊娠结局【作者】张敏敏;顾江红【作者单位】杭州市中医院妇产科杭州310000;杭州市中医院妇产科杭州310000【正文语种】中文双子宫（didelphic uterus）系因两侧副中肾管（又称苗勒管）在胚胎发育过程中受到相关因素的干扰，完全未融合，最终各自发育形成两个子宫和两个宫颈的一种特殊类型的畸形子宫。
结构上，两侧宫颈可分开或相连，宫颈之间也可有交通管；也可为一侧子宫颈发育不良或缺如，常有一小通道与对侧阴道相通[1]。
此外，双子宫大多可伴有阴道纵隔或斜隔，故按形态可分为双子宫双阴道、双子宫单阴道及双子宫不完全纵膈阴道三种[2]。
相关报道指出，双子宫的正常发生率为1∶1026[3]，在子宫畸形中占有较大比例，约为15%～25%[4]。
临床上，双子宫在孕期及非孕期存在较多问题，尤其是当双子宫妊娠后，容易出现各种并发症、合并症，甚至危及母儿生命，故应引起临床医师的足够重视。
1.1 受孕率大多数双子宫患者虽然自然受孕率低于正常育龄期妇女，但仍可受孕，且在先天性畸形子宫中具有较高受孕率。
林少梅等[5]观察临床61例双子宫患者，发现可正常受孕者占85%。
张兰珍等[6]临床分析65例子宫畸形患者（其中双子宫39例，双角子宫5例，纵隔子宫13例，残角子宫8例），发现65例患者总妊娠次数107次，双子宫妊娠发生率为64.5%。
但也有部分双子宫患者存在严重子宫形态畸形、子宫肌层及内膜层发育不良，故可影响受孕，引起不孕。
且双子宫患者临床易合并有子宫内膜异位症等，也可间接引起不孕[7]。
1.2 流产双子宫患者的左右侧子宫附有各自的输卵管、卵巢、附属韧带等，临床易受孕。
但由于双侧子宫都不具有正常子宫形态，孕早期由于孕侧子宫宫腔较小、供血不足、蜕膜形成不良；单侧受孕时，另一侧未孕子宫内膜蜕膜变性出血；双子宫宫颈肌肉、结缔组织成分比例异常，中期无力抵抗逐渐升高的宫腔内压力及不协调的宫缩而易反复流产[8]。
柳兰和燕麦等提取物联合经穴刺激在治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎中的应用
柳兰和燕麦等提取物联合经穴刺激在治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎中的应用随着生活水平的提高，人们对皮肤护理的重视程度不断增加。
随之而来的问题是面部皮肤疾病的增多，其中糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎尤为突出。
糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎是由于长期大量使用糖皮质激素类药物治疗面部皮炎所引起的一种皮肤病，患者在停用药物后反复发作，病情久治不愈。
在传统的中医治疗中，柳兰和燕麦被广泛运用于治疗皮肤病，而经穴刺激也被证实对面部皮炎具有一定的疗效。
本文将探讨柳兰和燕麦等提取物联合经穴刺激在治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎中的应用。
一、糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎的病因及治疗糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎是由于长期大量使用糖皮质激素类药物治疗面部皮炎所引起的一种皮肤病。
糖皮质激素具有抗炎、抗过敏和免疫抑制等作用，对于面部皮肤炎症有较好的控制作用，因此常被患者所使用。
长期大量使用糖皮质激素会导致面部皮肤出现萎缩、薄化、色素沉着等症状，同时也会产生对药物的依赖性，一旦停药就会引起皮炎的反复发作，病情久治不愈。
传统的治疗方法为停用糖皮质激素，但这样会导致患者的面部皮炎症状急剧加重，给患者带来极大痛苦。
目前，中医治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎的方法主要包括中药外用、中药内服和针灸疗法。
传统中药外用的治疗效果较好，但疗程较长且药效逐渐减退。
中药内服虽然可以改善体内环境，但效果较缓慢。
针灸疗法是一种通过刺激特定穴位来调节身体功能的治疗方法，对于面部皮炎具有一定的疗效，但需要长期坚持才能看到明显效果。
二、柳兰和燕麦等提取物在治疗面部皮炎中的应用柳兰是一种常见的中草药，具有清热解毒、消肿止痛的功效，对皮肤炎症有一定的调理作用。
燕麦含有丰富的维生素和矿物质，对于皮肤有滋润、修复的作用，常被用于治疗过敏性皮炎和湿疹等皮肤病。
柳兰和燕麦提取物在治疗面部皮炎中被广泛运用，其外用药膏能够有效缓解面部皮炎的症状，提高皮肤的自愈能力。
这两种草药提取物也常被用于中药面膜和洗面奶中，具有良好的护肤效果。
祖师麻皮肤刺激性观察和基于生物信息学的机制预测
祖师麻皮肤刺激性观察和基于生物信息学的机制预测赵苗苗;马骏;孙涛;朱仁愿;刘兴国;田悦;毛著鸿;段海婧;魏舒畅【期刊名称】《世界中医药》【年(卷),期】2024(19)2【摘要】目的:观察祖师麻干浸膏粉及不同萃取部位的皮肤刺激性,并基于生物信息学预测其刺激性成分及作用机制。
方法:将斯泼累格·多雷(SD)大鼠随机分为完整皮肤组和破损皮肤组,观察连续给药7 d和停药后3 d皮肤状况。
运用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)查询祖师麻刺激性成分和作用靶点。
通过GeneCards数据库、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)等数据库收集疾病靶点。
运用Metascape平台进行基因本体(GO)富集以及京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析,将核心靶点与祖师麻刺激性成分进行分子对接。
结果:祖师麻干浸膏粉低、中剂量组对破损皮肤有轻微红斑、水肿反应;祖师麻干浸膏粉高剂量组、石油醚部位和二氯甲烷部位对完整皮肤和破损皮肤均有轻微红斑、水肿反应;乙酸乙酯部位和水层部位均无红斑、水肿反应。
2)从祖师麻活性成分中筛选出7种刺激性成分,通路富集的主要通路为磷酸肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K-AKT)信号通路、细胞增殖的肉瘤基因(Ras)信号通路、促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、端粒结合蛋白(Rap1)信号通路和松弛素(Relaxin)信号通路等。
分子对接结果中瑞香毒素、木犀草素以及大黄素甲醚与核心靶点的结合最稳定。
结论:祖师麻干浸膏粉高剂量下有轻微皮肤刺激性,可能是存在于石油醚和二氯甲烷部位中的瑞香毒素、木犀草素以及大黄素甲醚等通过多靶点、多通路的复杂作用促进炎症介质的生成,引起皮肤轻微红斑和水肿。
【总页数】9页(P147-154)【作者】赵苗苗;马骏;孙涛;朱仁愿;刘兴国;田悦;毛著鸿;段海婧;魏舒畅【作者单位】甘肃中医药大学;国家中医药管理局中医药科研三级实验室中药药理实验室;兰州市食品药品检验检测研究院;甘肃泰康制药有限责任公司【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R28【相关文献】1.基于生物信息学方法的喉鳞癌相分离相关基因调控机制分型分析与预后预测模型构建2.基于生物信息学筛选的胰腺癌差异基因及免疫浸润机制预测靶向中药3.基于生物信息学预测分析C/EBPα靶基因及其在急性髓系白血病中的潜在机制4.基于生物信息学分析干燥综合征伴发疲劳机制及中药预测研究因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
表面活性剂促进经眼给药多肽的释放
表面活性剂促进经眼给药多肽的释放
Geor.,CY;可因
【期刊名称】《药学进展》
【年(卷),期】1993(17)1
【摘要】随着生物技术的不断发展,近来多肽药物的临床应用迅速增加。
因多肽药物易在胃肠道降解,临床多采用注射给药。
但注射常给患者带来痛苦,增加花费。
经直肠、口腔、鼻腔、气管及皮下等途经给药也有尝试,但因种种原因均不易被患者接受。
据报道0.5％的聚氧乙烯9—月桂醚(BL—9)和0.5％的聚氧乙烯20—硬脂醚(Brij—78)能显著增加青霉素的吸收而不引起眼刺激症状。
本文观察BL—9和HBrij—78对生长激素释放抑制因子。
【总页数】2页(P40-41)
【作者】Geor.,CY;可因
【作者单位】不详;不详
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R977.6
【相关文献】
1.生长激素释放多肽通过与生长激素释放因子不同的受体起作用 [J], 郭春远
2.鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜试验评估氨基酸表面活性剂与常规表面活性剂的眼刺激性 [J], 刘彩云;吴培诚;梁高卫;罗欣茹
3.肿瘤学中的多肽——生长激素释放抑制激素和黄体激素释放激素类似物 [J], 刘玉琴
4.未来的眼用给药系统——眼球内给药系统 [J],
5.透皮促进剂在透皮释放给药系统中的应用 [J], 董建慧;李蔚
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
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PG
β2-R
OXT
Pituitrin
Excite uterine strong Antidiuretic weak
ADH
Excite uterine weak
Antidiuretic strong
Mechanism
1. Excite uterine
Low dose：Contraction
Dose
2. postpartum hemostasis high dose, 5-10U i.v drop, cervical intramuscular combine with ergonovine
Adverse effect
1. Uterine tonic contraction ，rupture
Drugs Affecting Uterine Smooth Muscles
Uterine contractility ---most motor activity in the labor Features ：Contractility, Rhythmic
Factor：
Oxytocin/pitocin
2. Fetal asphyxia 3. Blood pressure and heart rate
Prostaglandins, PGs
1. Uterine Contraction
2. Excite uterine at every state，especial
to before delivery
1. Stimulates uterine contraction
uterus contraction low dose→ fundus cervix high dose → tetanic contraction arteria venous brain arteria
2. Contraction of blood vascular
[Ca2+ ]i↑ uterine contraction
estrogen → number of OXT-R↑ → oxytocin effect ↑
Mechanism
2. Lactation
3. Relaxation of blood vascular smooth muscle high dose → Bp↓
Adverse effect： 1. Nausea , Vomiting, Thirsty 2. BP↑ 3. damage Vascular endothelial cells Contraindication ： 1. Induce & augment labor 2. Heart disease，high blood pressure， Glaucoma
3. (-) α-AR:
Adr
+ ergotamine
Bp↑↓
Clinical Use
1. postpartum hemostasis
2. Involution of uterus
3. Migraine
4. Artificial hibernation
dihydroergotoxine+ promethazine+ pethidine
Thanks！
uterine contraction inhibitors
Inhibit uterine contraction Contractility↓ Rhythmic↓
β2-R agnist
Hale Waihona Puke Mg(SO4)2Calcium channel blockers
COX-R inhibitors
Ritodrine
Clinical use ：
1. Induce & augment labor ：
Vaginal delivery ，monitor 2. Abortion ： Mifepristone ： 25 mg Misoprostol ：0.6 mg B.i.d ×3
Ergot
Ergotamine
amino acid ergot alkaloids Ergot alkaloids Ergometrine amino ergot alkaloids methylergometrine ergotoxine
4. Antidiuretic
Clinical Use
1. Induce & augment labor start from low dose, 2-5U
8-10 drop/min
monitor uterine contraction and fetal heart rate
regulate dose / 15 min
Uterine to OXT
High dose：Tonic contraction
initial：Progesterone ↑
sensitivity↓ Physiological State
end：Estrogen↑
sensitivity ↑
(+) OXT-R → G protein(+) → IP3↑ → Ca2+ release Ca2+ inflow
β2-R agnist Clinical use：
prevent premature
Contraindication: DM, heart disease, high blood pressure
Mg(SO4)2 Inhibit uterine contraction prevent Eclampsia