高三语法复习--定语从句

who whom that which = of whom/which
as
人/物 whose (所属） 物
▲
关系代词当宾语时，可省略,但介词后不可省.
Ⅲ.关系副词
先行词 关系副词 用：
在定从中充当的成分
时间 名词 地点 名词 原因 名词
▲先行词是“时间、地点、原因名词”时，并非总是用
“when, where，why”来引导定从，应视该名词在定从中所充 当的 成分而定.
1.这和我昨天丢掉的包是一样的．
This is the same bag ______ I lost yesterday. as
2.这正是我昨天丢掉的包．
that This is the same bag _______ I lost yesterday. as 3.He is such a funny sort of person______ I don’t understand at all. 4.The stone is so heavy _____ none of us can lift . as 5.It’s such a heavy stone _______ none of us can that lift it . 6.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem ______ none of us worked as out .
考点三：介词＋关系代词
★ 关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： for e.g. Is that the newspaper _____ which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _____ which I’m not sure. about 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： in e.g. 1949 was the year ____ which the P.R.C. was founded.
②引导非限制性定语从句；
③有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词 已用that，另外一个宜用which; ④先行词本身是that时; ⑤先行词后有插入语时。
Have a try
1. He is the only person ______ I want to see that now. 2. Next week, which you’ll spend in your _____ hometown ,is coming. 3. We talked about the things and persons _____ we saw then. that 4. That’s the town where /in which he _____________ worked in 1987. 5.This is the best book _____ I’ve ever read. that 6.Finally ,the thief handed everything _____ that he had stolen. 7. A plane is a machine _______ can fly. that
9.Those who ____ to go to the cinema must want be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (want) 10. He who doesn’t reach the great wall is ___________ not a true man. (not reach) 11. She is the only one of the girls who ___ has been to Beijing. (have) 12. He is one of the boys who ____ seen the have film. (have) 13.The time when/that I went to ________ Tokyo is in 1982. (which/that) 14. The shop __________ I bought the book in is big.
Can you work them out????
????
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live. without 2. The student ________ whom we were about talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she on said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason ______ for which he hasn’t turned up yet?
考点四:定从与同从以及其他相似句型的区别
★ 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1.从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是:idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise,order等表示 _________的名词;而定语从句的先行词可以是 抽象意义 名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如:
1. I’ve read all the books (that) you lent me. 2. I have lost my pen, which I like very much.
II. 关系代词
先行词 关系代词 用： 在定从中充当的成分 主 /宾 宾 主/宾 主/宾 定 主/宾
人பைடு நூலகம்
人/物 物
考点透视
１．考查关系词的区别，特别是关系代词与 关系副词在功能上的区别； ２．限制性定从与非限制性定语从句； ３．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句； ４．定从与同从以及其他相似句型的区别。
解题技巧
把握关系代词和关系副词在功 能上的区别，找准先行词，根据 语境确定从句缺少的成分来选择 关系词。
限制性和非限制性定从 I. 基本形式： 关系代词 ＋ 定从 noun/pronoun + 关系副词 先行词 (人/物)
4.非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时， 可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构：
e.g. There are 50 students in our class, twothirds of whom have been to Beijing.
5. whose引导的定语从句可转换为the +n +of +which/whom或者of+ which/whom+the +n： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which opens to the south.
考点二：as引导的定语从句
★ 与which引导的非限制性定从的区别
1. As +定从: A) “正如…的” B)位于句首,句中,句末 2. Which +定从位于句中,句末 Eg. 1) His mother is an engineer,________makes which him very proud. 2) _____ is known to the world, Mark Twain As is a great American writer. ★ 当与so,such或the same连用时，请关注the same …as与the same…that的区别以及so/such…as 与so/such…that的区别 试比较下列句子：
考点一：that与which引导的定从
以下情形用that不用which或who
1) 先行词是“人和物”； 2) 先行词是主句的表语、疑问词 以及在定语从句中 充当表语时； 3) 先行词是adj.的最高级或被adj.的最高级所修饰； 4) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰；
5)当先行被all,any,some,little,much,no, one of,few, only, just,right, very,last所修饰或者 被不定代词修饰时；
2.从性质上区别 ●定语从句是从句对其先行词 的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从 句的范畴； ●同位语从句是从句对前面抽象 名词的进一步说明和解释，属于 名词性从句的范畴。
试比较
1.The news that our team has won the game is true. The news that he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句,that 从句作定语修饰news)
when =at/in/on which where =at/in/on which why =for which
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
Practice:
1. I know the reason why/for which he came late. _____________ 2. Do you know the woman, _____son went to whose college last year? whose 3. The house _____ color is red is John’s. (that) 4. This is the best film ______ I’ve ever seen. where/in which 5. That’s the town _____________ he worked in 1987.
1.We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖问题. 2.Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.
3.His mother did all she could to help him with his study.
who 6. I have 2 brothers, ____ are both soldiers 7. Next week, which you’ll spend _____ in your hometown ,is coming.
8. I’ve tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of _____ fits me well. which
（同位语从句,补充说明news的内容）
3.从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别: ● 有些引导词如: how, whether, what可以引导同位 语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如： That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑（同位语从句） ●引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作 主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且 作宾语时常常省略。 ● That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任 何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。 The fact ______ our team lost the game is not the that (that/which) the committee announced . fact____________
6) 当主句的句型是：there be…, 定从修饰there be…的主语(是物) 时； 7)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代 词已用which，另外一个宜用that
8）当先行词前有such或the same修饰,先行词和关系代词是指 同一物时。
IV.以下情形用which不用that:
① 在介词之后；