2 legal profession

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第2课legal profession

第2课legal profession
Attorney General :The head of the U.S.
Department of Justice and a member of the President's cabinet.
法律英语
22
A substantial fraction of all
applicants succeed on the first try, and many of those who fail pass on a later attempt.
通过第一次考试的人很多,没有通过
第一次考试的大多会通过第二次考试。
Lesson Two Legal Profession 法律职业
法律英语
1
If there were no bad people, there
would be no good lawyers. Charles Dickens, British novelist
倘若世上没有坏人,也就不会有好的
各州律师联考 州综合问答题
法律英语 21
• The Multistate Bar Examination (MBE) is a six-hour, twohundred question multiplechoice examination covering contracts, torts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and real property.
• 加入纽约律师协会
法律英语
34
In 1910 Stone became the dean of the
Columbia Law School. In 1924 he was appointed by President Coolidge to be Attorney General. 哥伦比亚大学法学院院长 总检察长

留学美国:美国大学法律JD申请要求

留学美国:美国大学法律JD申请要求

留学美国:美国大学法律JD申请要求一、美国的法律教育制度从实践和学术不同的角度出发,目前法学院将法律学位教育分为法律学位和法学学位。

这种区分是有一个历史演变过程。

美国是法律发达的国家,对法律教育十分重视,认为法律教育是一个很严肃的事情。

所以,法律教育的门槛提得很高。

目前,美国的本科教育里没有法律专业。

相应的只有一个法学院前教育,没有法律学位,专门为那些有志于读法学院的学生开设。

最基本的法律学位是JD。

JD是美国人自己发明的词汇。

有些人把它翻译成法学博士是错误的。

它的前身是LLB,也就是法律本科。

目前,他最多相当于我们的法律第二学士学位(注意:它和国内本科生在读期间同时修的法学双学位不同。

不同的地方在于它要求两年专门的法律学习)。

虽然JD只是一种本科教育,但是它在美国的法律教育中的地位举足轻重。

在美国人的眼里,他就相当于商科里的MBA。

它是进入法律行业,从事法律职业必需的基本条件。

没有这个学位将无法参加律师考试。

由于采用严进严出的教育原则,美国JD的教育卓有成效。

由于它被视作一种职业教育,所以它不仅招收本科生背景的申请人,也招收硕士博士背景的申请人,因此,它成为许多人的最终学位。

一个JD学位足以让一个人有资格在大学里任教。

许多法学院的教授就只有JD学位。

在实务界,JD学位更是必备的敲门砖。

绝大多数美国律师和法官都是JD学位的拥有者。

他们有过共同的经历和相似的背景,彼此认同度很高,非JD背景的人很难进入他们的圈子,更谈不上在法律界取得成功了。

美国仍然设有法学的学位。

常见的有LLM (法学硕士)和JSD(法律科学博士)。

LLM学位是为有兴趣进行法学研究的人准备的。

一般作为读JSD的预备学位。

它另外的作用是提供给外国的法学毕业生或律师,让他们了解美国法律制度。

所以,美国人很少有人读LLM。

相反,倒是很多国际学生在读该学位。

在实务上,美国现在有一些州开始允许有LLM学位的人参加律考,从事律师职业,但是在实务界只有LLM背景得人仍然很难混。

美国法学院申请条件

美国法学院申请条件

美国法学院申请条件美国法学院申请条件1申请美国留学法学院主要提供三种学位,他们分别是J.D. (法学职业博士)、LL.M. (法学硕士)、和S.J.D.(法学学术研究博士)。

其中,申请美国留学法学院J.D.是美国法律教育的基础,同时也是三个学位中学生人数最多的。

因为完成J.D.需要3年时间,入学标准相对较难,且学费非常昂贵,以往中国学生去美国学习法学专业,主要申请LL.M.(法学硕士)。

这个项目由于学制短,对于立志在美国工作的外国学生来说不具备很强的竞争力。

也有一部分申请人把LL.M.当作一个跳板,在读完LL.M.后选择继续攻读一个J.D.学位。

近一两年,越来越多的人选择申请美国留学法学院读J.D.。

随着法学专业申请人的日益增加,大家对于法学院的申请也有了比较深入的了解和一些成熟的经验。

总体来说,法学院LL.M.项目的申请难度不是很大。

因为美国学生申请LL.M.项目的申请人不多,而中国学生通常又较其他国家的学生优秀,所以中国的申请人往往能够获得比较不错的录取结果。

而申请J.D.项目,中国学生要和美国的优秀学生直接形成竞争,所以申请难度方面比LL.M.略高。

申请美国留学法学院与其他专业项目的申请要求和程序基本相同。

仅有的区别在于:申请J.D.需要申请人已经获得过一个本科学位(任何专业都可以申请),并提供LSAT考试成绩,就如同申请商学院需要GMAT成绩;申请其他专业研究生需要GRE成绩一样。

LSAT全称 Law School Admission Test,顾名思义是法学院入学考试。

此考试的主要目的是考察申请人的逻辑判断分析能力和语言能力。

而申请LL.M.则并不要求申请人提供LSAT成绩,但是要求申请人已经获得了等同于美国J.D.学位的国外法律第一学位。

那么基本上对于中国申请人来说,只有本科专业是法学的学生才可以申请学习LL.M.项目。

除了LSAT,申请美国留学法学院其他所需要的申请材料包括:本科阶段成绩单、个人陈述、简历、推荐信、英语考试成绩等。

2-legal-professionPPT课件

2-legal-professionPPT课件
在州最高法院执业的人办理了一些无关 紧要的手续后可以在联邦法院执业。
-
14
A lawyer’s practice is usually confined to a single community for, although a lawyer ms only permitted to practice in a state where one has been admitted.
在进入律师行业之前或之后不需要有 学徒经历。
-
13
The rules for admission to practice before the federal courts vary with the courts,
在联邦法院执业的要求各州不同。
but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities.
years.
如果一个人已经执业5年以上,那 么当他移居到另外一个州的时候, 通常不用再参加该州的律师资格考 试就可以获准执业。
-
17
A lawyer may not only practice law, but is permitted to engage in any activity that is open to other citizens.
-
12
In all, over forty thousand persons succeed in passing these examinations to the bar in their respective states.

法律英语-教学大纲

法律英语-教学大纲

《法律英语》教学大纲课程编号:100152B课程类型:□通识教育必修课□通识教育选修课□专业必修课□专业选修课√□学科基础课总学时:32讲课学时:30实验(上机)学时:0学分:2适用对象:法学本科生先修课程:宪法、民法、合同法、刑法一、教学目标本课程是针对法学院本科生的专业选修课,为已经具有一定法学基础和英语基础的学生开设。

在法律职业、法律实务以及法学研究日益国际化的背景下,本课程对完善本科生的知识结构,培养专业英语语言能力具有重要作用,其在法学院本科人才培养方案中处于基础性地位。

本课程的学习将为学生进一步学习法学院的其他课程,扩展视野,为学生参加英文的各类比赛活动有较大的帮助。

目标1:本课程主要讲授英文课文、讨论美国司法判例、引导学生课堂陈述,在修完本课程后,学生应掌握主要法律部门中基本和常用的法律英语术语,能运用,具备初级水准的法律英语阅读、写作及口头表达能力。

目标2:本课程的主题将涉及法律体系、司法系统,及宪法、行政法、合同法、侵权法、刑法、诉讼法等,通过课程学习,学生应大体了解英美法系国家的法律制度及法律文化,拥有国际视野。

目标3:本课程将引导学生检索法规、判例等英文原始资料,课程结束后,学生应了解主要的外文数据库和资料库,具备收集和整理法律英语文献和资料的能力。

二、教学内容及其与毕业要求的对应关系(一)教学内容讲授上的要求在课程内容分布上,重点讲授宪法、民法、合同法和刑法等基础法律部门中的重要法律英语术语。

其中,对于与普通英语在用法和意义上存在较大差别的专业术语,行业俚语等,细讲、精讲。

有关英美法律制度本身,粗讲或者选讲,以帮助学生获得专业英语运用能力为中心。

对于重点内容,通过借助视频资料、案例分析等方式进行讲授。

(二)拟采取的教学方法、教学手段本课程建议大量采用案例教学的方法,通过课前布置主题阅读任务、课堂分组讨论、学生陈述、模拟练习等方法提高学生的法律英语运用能力。

(三)对实践教学环节的要求无。

Legal Professions

Legal Professions

Legal professions encompass a wide array of careers within the field of law. These professions are vital to upholding justice,maintaining order, and ensuring that the legal rights of individuals and organizations are protected. From lawyers and judges toparalegals and legal assistants, the legal profession plays acrucial role in society.Lawyers are perhaps the most well-known legal professionals. They provide legal advice, represent clients in court, and handle various legal matters such as contracts, disputes, and criminal cases.Lawyers may specialize in a particular area of law, such ascorporate law, family law, or environmental law, and are required to have a thorough understanding of the law and legal procedures.Judges, on the other hand, are responsible for presiding over court proceedings, making legal decisions, and ensuring that trials are conducted fairly. They play a critical role in interpreting and applying the law, as well as upholding the principles of justice and due process.Paralegals and legal assistants support lawyers by conducting legal research, preparing documents, and organizing case files. They are essential in helping lawyers manage their workload and ensure that legal processes run smoothly.Other legal professions include legal secretaries, court reporters, and legal consultants, each contributing to the functioning of the legal system in their own unique way.The legal profession requires individuals to possess stronganalytical, communication, and problem-solving skills, as well as a deep sense of ethics and integrity. Pursuing a career in law often involves obtaining a law degree, passing the bar exam, and gaining practical experience through internships or clerkships.Overall, legal professions are essential for maintaining the rule of law and ensuring that individuals have access to justice. Whetherit's through representing clients in court, providing legal assistance, or upholding the principles of fairness and impartiality, legal professionals play a crucial role in society.。

美国法律学院的招生要求

美国法律学院的招生要求

美国法律学院的招生要求在美国,法律学院是培养法律专业人才的重要机构。

这些学院通常要求申请者在学术成绩、标准化考试成绩、个人陈述和推荐信等方面表现出色。

下面将详细介绍美国法律学院的招生要求。

1. 学术成绩美国法律学院对申请者的学术成绩有着较高的要求。

通常要求申请者拥有本科学士学位,并在其学士学位期间取得优异的学术成绩。

学术成绩主要包括各门课程的分数和绩点。

一般来说,申请者的学术成绩需要在排名上位于前25%以内,这是保证申请者具备良好的学术基础的必要条件。

2. 标准化考试成绩申请者通常需要参加标准化考试,如LSAT(Law School Admission Test),以展示他们的语言表达能力、逻辑推理能力和分析能力。

LSAT考试是进入美国法学院的必备考试,而且各所法学院往往将LSAT成绩作为评估申请者的重要指标之一。

考生需要在准备过程中熟悉考试内容和考试形式,并通过高分展现出色的能力。

3. 个人陈述个人陈述是申请者向法学院展示自己的机会。

这篇短文通常包括申请者为什么选择法学作为职业目标的原因、他们的个人经历和成就以及与法学相关的研究或实习经历。

个人陈述的主要目的是突出申请者对法学的热情和适合法律学院的能力。

因此,申请者需要在撰写个人陈述时深入思考和反思,并突出自己与众不同的优势和经历。

4. 推荐信推荐信是由申请者的教师、导师或其他专业人士撰写的信函。

这些信函主要用于评估申请者的学术能力、专业能力、领导能力和社交能力等方面。

推荐信需要客观地评估申请者的潜力和能力,并提供具体的例子。

因此,申请者需要选择并与信函撰写人建立良好的关系,并提供对自己进行全面评估的材料。

5. 其他附加要求有些法学院对申请者还有其他附加要求,如面试或附加材料等。

面试是法学院评估申请者口头表达能力和与他人互动的机会,申请者需要展现自己的自信和扎实的知识基础。

附加材料通常包括个人简历、成绩单和其他证明材料,申请者需要准备这些材料,以便在需要的时候提交。

法律英语词汇

法律英语词汇

Lesson one●Every law has no atom of strength, as far as no public opinion supports it.●若是没有公众舆论的支持,法律是丝毫没有力量的。

●Common law legal system●普通法系●Stare decisis遵从前例●Comprehensive复杂●Immense繁多●Common law legal system普通法系●enforcement 强制执行;●claim 请求;●action 诉讼行为;●writ 法院令状;●classical Roman law 古罗马法●judicial acceptance司法接受● or through express statutory provision 明确的成文法条款●the division of title in the law of property财产法上的所有权分割● a right to a trial by jury陪审团的审判权●"Case law" :always connotesjudge made law判例法总是指法官定法46重点词汇●United States Supreme Court●Common law legal system●Civil law legal system●Case law●Statutory law●classical Roman law●private law●binding interpretation●itinerant judges● English royal court●Enforcement,claim,action,writ●writ upon the case●equity law●equity case law●ex aequo et bono●specific performance● injunction●equitable relief●common law relief●common law damages●civil suit●Jurisdictions● title●trial by jury●judge-made lawLesson Two●American Bar Association美国律师协会●Lawyers in private practice独立开业的律师●The general counsel (总法律顾问)●An officer of the company公司管理人员●Serve on important policy making committees重要决策委员会●Serve on the board of directors. 董事会●Most to have in their employ persons with legal training非常了解企业的特殊问题和条件●remain members of the bar 保留律师协会会员身份●entitled to appear in court有资格出庭进行诉讼61重点专业词汇●Legal Profession●Multistate Bar Exam●federal courts●boards of directors●Judge●Attorney General●Chief Justice●Barristers●Solicitors●Attorney●practice of law●Lawyers in private practice●single practitioner●house Counsel●corporate counsel●The United States Department of Justice●public prosecutors●Federal prosecutors●district attorneys●Congress of the United StatesLesson Three●As virtually the only way to prepare for membership in the legal profession,●法学院实质上是为法律职业准备人才的唯一途径。

法律英语Lesson Two Legal Profession

法律英语Lesson Two    Legal Profession

词汇
★ regulation n.规定、条例、章程 规定、 规定 条例、 rule n.法则、规则 法则、 法则 regulation in force regulation of administrative review regulations on the trademark registration rules of conflict of laws rules of evidence rule of national treatment
Lesson Two
Legal Profession
阅读背景
★ 美国的法律职业(Legal Profession)主要是由律师、检 美国的法律职业( )主要是由律师、 查官、法官和法学教师组成。这几类人又都可以统称为: 查官、法官和法学教师组成。这几类人又都可以统称为: “Lawyer”(法律人 ,而且他们确实都是美国律师协会 法律人), 法律人 )的成员。 (American Bar Association,ABA)的成员。 ★ 由此可见,美国的“律师”有广义和狭义之分。广义的 由此可见,美国的“律师”有广义和狭义之分。 律师”包括:律师、检查官、法官;狭义的“律师” “律师”包括:律师、检查官、法官;狭义的“律师”则 仅指律师,相当于中国的律师。 仅指律师,相当于中国的律师。
词汇
disputed case disputed point disputed property The practicing lawyer 执业律师, 执业律师,并不是所有具有律师资格的人都在从事法律工 因此,才回有执业律师的说法. 作,因此,才回有执业律师的说法.
• The regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the states, each of which has its own requirements for admission to practice. • 对法律职业的管制主要是州政府的事。各州 对法律职业的管制主要是州政府的事。 都有自己的允许律师执业的条件。 允许律师执业的条件 都有自己的允许律师执业的条件。

llm 常用名词

llm 常用名词

llm 常用名词LLM(Master of Laws)是指法学硕士学位,是英语国家法学专业的硕士学位。

在国际法律领域,LLM被广泛认可并被视为提升法学知识和专业能力的重要途径。

LLM常用名词是指与LLM学位相关的常用术语和概念。

以下是对一些LLM常用名词的解释和说明。

1. 法学硕士(LLM):法学硕士是一种专业学位,旨在为学生提供更深入的法学知识和专业技能。

LLM学位的课程内容涵盖了不同领域的法律,如国际法、商法、人权法等。

2. 法学院:法学院是培养法学专业人才的学术机构。

在法学院中,学生可以通过课堂学习和实践经验来获得法学知识和技能。

3. 学术导师:学术导师是LLM学位学生在学术方面的指导教师。

学术导师可以帮助学生选择合适的课程,提供学术建议,并指导学生的研究项目。

4. 学位要求:学位要求是指学生在获得LLM学位之前需要完成的学术和实践要求。

这些要求可能包括修读一定数量的课程、通过考试或完成研究项目等。

5. 专业课程:专业课程是为了帮助学生获得特定法学领域知识而设计的课程。

例如,国际人权法、国际商法和知识产权法等专业课程。

6. 毕业论文:毕业论文是LLM学位学生需要完成的研究项目。

学生可以选择自己感兴趣的主题,进行独立研究,并撰写一篇学术论文。

7. 法学期刊:法学期刊是刊登法学研究文章的学术刊物。

LLM学位学生可以投稿自己的研究成果,以增加学术影响力和学术交流。

8. 研究生办公室:研究生办公室是为LLM学位学生提供学术和生活支持的机构。

学生可以在研究生办公室咨询课程选择、学位要求和其他学生服务。

9. 学术研讨会:学术研讨会是学术界专家和学生分享研究成果和学术观点的平台。

LLM学位学生可以参加学术研讨会,与其他学者进行学术交流。

10. 学位证书:学位证书是获得LLM学位后的正式证明。

学生在完成学位要求后,学校会颁发学位证书,以表彰学生的学术成就。

总之,LLM常用名词是指与LLM学位相关的术语和概念。

法律专业英语词汇

法律专业英语词汇

汉英法律专业词汇(法理、法制史)Jurisprudence, History of Legal Systems按照法律规定:according to law按照确定的份额分享权力:be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照确定的份额分担义务:assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教学法:case system案例汇编:case book; case report; law report被视为:be deemed as被宣布为非法:be outlawed; be declared illegal比较法:comparative law比较法学:comparative jurisprudence比较法学派:school of comparative jurisprudence比较法制史: comparative legal history比较分析法:method of comparative analysis比较刑法:comparative penal law比较刑法学:comparative penal jurisprudence必然因果关系:positive causal relationship边缘法学:borderline jurisprudence变通办法:adaptation; accommodation补充规定:supplementary provision补救办法:remedial measures不成文法:unwritten law不动产所在地法律:law of the place where the real property is situated; lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的权利:impartible right不可抗力:force majuere不可侵犯性:inviolability不可让与性:inalienability不履行法律义务:non-performance of obligation不要式行为:informal act不要因的法律行为:non-causal juristic act不因实效而丧失的权利:imprescriptible right不作为:abstain from an act; act of omission部门法:department law部门规章:regulation参照:consult参照具体情况: in the light of actual conditions参照原文: consult the original亚里士多德: Aristotle柏拉图: Plato德拉古: Draco盖尤斯: Gaius西塞罗:Marcus Tullius Cicero乌尔比安 Ulpianus罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世:Justinian I乌尔比安: Ulpianus西塞罗:Marcus Tullius Cicero优士丁尼皇帝:Justinian《罗马法律汇编》:Roman Digest《民法大全》:Corpus Juris Civilis优士丁尼法典: the Codex Justinianus《优士丁尼民法大全》(《国法大全》):Corpus Juris Civilis《十二表法》: Twelve Tables拿破仑法典: The Code Napolean《日耳曼法》:Germanic law《教会法大全》Corpus Juris Canonici《汉穆拉比法典》: Code of Hammurabi《保护人权与基本自由公约》(1950) :Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 1950 (罗)查士丁尼法典:Code Justinian; Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法规汇编: Authenticum《德国民法典》:German Civil code《大宪章》(1215) :Great Charter, 1215(英)欧洲大陆法: continental law南京条约: (1843) Treaty of Nanking, 1843罗马-日耳曼法系: Roman-Germanic family罗马私法: Jus Privatum罗马法学派: school of Romanists家庭法: family law教会法:canon law罗马法理学: jurisprudential教会法学家 decretalists罗马法:Roman Law; Jus Romanum罗马法系: Roman-Law System(古罗马的)元老院: the Senate超出法律范围的:outside of law超出法律权限的:extralegal超过权限: exceed authority; beyond jurisdiction成文法: written law冲突法: conflict of laws; rules of conflict冲突规则: conflict rule; rule of conflict除(本法)另有规定外: except for otherwise stipulated (by this law) 除外条款: provisory clause除外责任条款: exclusion clause触犯公共利益: encroach on the public interests触犯国际利益:go against the state’s interests触犯人民利益: encroach on the interests of the people; go against thepeople’s interests传统法律观念: traditional ideas of law纯粹法学: pure theory of law次要法规: by law次要规则: secondary rule从宽解释原则: doctrine of liberal construction从权利: accessory right达到法定年龄: come of age大法: the fundamental law大法官:Lord High Chancellor大陪审团 grand jury大法官法院:Court of Chancery大陆法系:Continental Legal System大律师:barrister《大明律》:Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty (中)《大清律例》:the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty (中) 单行法规:specific regulations单一法律体系:unitary legal system单一制政府:unitary government但书:proviso当代法学动向:current trend of jurisprudence当然解释: natural interpretation党纪国法:party discipline and the law of the country道德规范:norm of morality道德义务: moral obligation第二读:second reading第三读: third reading二元论:the dualistic theory二元君主立宪制: dual constitutional monarchy system二元论: the dualistic theory二元论者:dualist二元制: bicameral system法的本质: the nature of law法的变化:changes of law法的定义:definition of law法的发展:development of law法的分类: divisions of law法律概念: legal concept法的概念: concepts of law法的规范作用:normalized usage of law法的继承:succession of law法律的理想:ideal of law法律的权威: authority of law法律的失效:lapse of law法律的实施:administration of law; law enforcement 法律的适用:application of law法律的统一: unification of law法律的推定: presumption of law法律的推理: analogy of law法律的完整性: integrity of law法律的效力范围:force’s scale of law法律的效力形式:force’s form of law法律的修改:alteration of law法律的演进: evolutin of law法律的原理: principle of law法律地位平等:equal in legal status法律对人的效力:personal act of law编纂法律方法: legal methodology法律分类: classification of law法律赋予权力: authority conferred by law法律改革: law reform法律根据: legal basis法律工作者: legal professional法律关系:legal relation法律关系的运行: process of legal relation法律关系客体: object of legal relation法律关系主体: subject of legal relation法律规定:provisions of law法律规范: norm of law法律规范的逻辑结构: logical structure of legal rule 法律规则体系: system of legal rules法律含义: intendment of law法律另有规定:otherwise stipulated by law法律现象:legal phenomenon法律研究:legal research法律要件: legal requirement法律依据: legal basis法律意见: legal advice法律意见书:legal opinion法律意识: law-consciousness法律意义: legal sense法律用语: legal language法律与正义先验论: a prior theory of law and justice 法律渊源: source of law法律原本注释: gloss法律原理: legal doctrines法律原则: principle of legality法律援助:legal aid法律约束: legal binding; legal restraint法律责任: legal responsibility法律责任的道义基础: moral basic of legal obligation法律责任的归结: imputaton of legal responsibility法律责任的认定: determination of legal responsibility法律责任的执行: enforcement of legal responsibility法律责任客体: object of legal responsibility法律责任主体: subject of legal responsibility法律哲学:philosophy of law; philosophie du droit (法);philosophia juris 法律政策: policy of the law法律职业道德: legal ethics法律指导: legal counsel法律制裁: legal sanction法律制度: regime of law; legal system法律秩序: legal order法律主体资格: capacity as a subject of law法律主张: proposition of law法律属地原则: territoriality of laws法律著述: legal literature法律专家: legal expert法律专业: legal profession法律专著和教科书: legal treatise and textbook法律咨询: legal advice法律尊严:legal sanctity法盲: legal illiterates法权: right法社会学: sociology of law法系: legal system法协会: law society法学: jurisprudence法学士: bachelor of law法学博士: doctor of jurisprudence法学导论: leading principles of law法学的范畴体系: the system of categories of jurisprudence法学的范畴意识: the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法学的基石范畴: fundamental categories of jurisprudence法学方法: method of jurisprudence法学方法论: methodology of jurisprudence法学院: faculty of law; law school法学会: law society法学教科书:law textbooks法学理论: theory of law; legal theory法学权威: an academic authority in law法学体系: system of jurisprudence法学通论: first principles of law法医: forensic medicine法医学: forensic medicine法院: court法院调查: judicial investigation法院管辖权: competence of court法院管辖以外的: extrajudicial法院判决: court decision法院系统: court structure法院组织法: judicature act法则: articles法哲学: philosophy of law法制:legal institution法制传统: tradition of law system法制的精神: spirit of legality法制的尊严: dignity of the legal system法制观念: legal concept法制观念淡薄: very weak in the understanding of law法制教育: legal education; education of legal system法制史: legal history; history of legal system法治: rule of law法治的机制: the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素: the element of rule of law非实质的: immaterial非营利的: non-profit非约束性条款: permissive provision废止法律: annulment of law分别管辖权: separate jurisdiction分别财产制: separation of property regime分别规定: separate provision分担责任: share the responsibility分工负责,互相配合,互相制约: divide responsibility for their own work; coordinate their efforts and check each other分工负责制: division of labor responsibility system分级管理: different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度: distribution system分析法理学: analytical jurisprudence否决权: power veto; veto power否认事实: denial of facts服从法律: amenable to law; subject to the law服从判决: accept a judgment符合程序: be in order符合法律: be in conformity with law符合原则: be in conformity with the principle概括裁定: general verdict概括继承: general succession干扰司法公正: interference with course of justice刚性条款: entrenched clause岗位责任制: post responsibility system高度集中: highly centralize高度民主: high level of democracy高度自治权: high degree of autonomy搁置: set aside; abeyance格式条款: clause of style公认的行为准则: established standard of conduct规避法律: in fraud of law规避义务: evade obligations规范的法律规则: normative rule of law规范法学: normative jurisprudence规范性法律文件: normalizative document of law规范性法律文件的规范化: normalization of normative legal document 过错方: tort-feasor; wrongdoer过错推定原则: doctrine of presumption过错责任: liability for wrongs; tort liability合并条款: consolidation of provisions合法的个人财产: legal personal property合法地位: legal status合法权益: the lawful rights and interests合法行为: lawful acts; legality of purpose合宪性: constitutionality衡平法: equity衡平法规则: rule of equity衡平法学: equity jurisprudence衡平法院: Court of Chancery (美);Court of Equity (英)后法取代前法: A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one. 后法优于前法: lex posterior derogat priori户籍所在地:the place where his residence is registered互为因果: reciprocal causation基本法: fundamental law基本法律规范: basic norm of law基本方针: basic policies基本权利和义务: basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假设: basic legal conception and assumption技术性法规: technical legal rule建立法律关系:create legal relations解释法律的技术规则: technical rule of interpretation解释权: power of interpretation近因: immediate cause禁治产人: imbecile; interdicted person经常居住地:habitual residence经法律确认的: ascertained by law经法律许可: authorized by law经验法学: scholastic theories of law纠问式审判: trial by inspection or examination 具有法律约束力的文件: legally binding instrument 具有同等效力的: with equal authenticity具有约束力的判例: binding precedent绝对衡平法: absolute equity君主立宪制度: constitutional monarchy开罗会议: Cairo Conference凯恩斯主义: keynesianism可撤销的法律行为: revocable juristic act可让与性: alienability可用法律强制执行的: enforceable at law可预见的: foreseeable可直接适用的法律: directly applicable law可追溯的: retrospective客观条件: objective condition客观因素: objective factor客体: object扩充解释: amplified interpretation理论法理学派: theoretical jurisprudence school 理性决定说: theory of rational decision理性认识: conceptual knowledge历史法学: historical jurisprudence历史法学派: historical school of law历史解释: historical interpretation立法机构:legislative body立法权: law-making power; legislative power立法委任权: legislation mandate立法效力: legislative effect立法议案 bills立法者: law-maker; legislator立宪: constitutionalism利益冲突: conflict of interests利害关系人:interested person连带法律关系: joint legal relations连带责任: joint and several obligation论理解释: logical interpretation逻辑解释: logical interpretation马克思主义法律理论: Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学:Marxist jurisprudence马克思主义法学家: Marxist jurist没有事实根据的: unsubstantial美国国际法协会: American Institute of International Law美国海事法庭: Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美国联邦地区法院: United States district courts美国联邦法官: federal judge没有法律依据的: lawless没有判决先例的案件: case of first impression民法典: civil code民法法系:Civil-Law System民法通则: General Principles of the Civil Law民法学: science of civil law民事案件中“占有优势证据”的原则:“by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事权利能力:the capacity for civil rights民事权益:civil rights and interests民事诉讼法学: Civil Procedure Law民事制裁: civil punishment; civil sanction民政部门:the civil affairs department明代法规: laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的: express or implied默示表达: communication by implication内部规章: internal regulations纳妾制: concubinage拟制理论: fiction theory拟制买卖: mancipatio偶然权利: contingent right偶然因果关系: fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素: accidentalia偶因: accidental cause排他的权利: right to exclude all others派生的权利: derived right派生取得: derivative acquisition判例法系: Case Law System普通法法系: Common-Law System判例法系: Case Law System判例汇编: reports; reports of judgments普通法: common law普通法法系: Common-Law System普通法上的补偿: common-law remedy普通法上的过失: common-law negligence普通法上的留置权: common-law lien普通法学: general jurisprudence强制办法: coercive method强制规定: mandatory provisions强制性法规: mandatory rule of law强制性条款: mandatory term侵犯财产权: property torts侵权行为法: tort law侵权责任: tortious liability清理法规: check up laws and regulations区域性法律体系: regional system of laws取证: obtain evidence确权之诉: affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation 确认之诉: action for confirmation; actio confessoria权威解释: authentic interpretation人法: human law, statute personalia人格减等: capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯: inviolability of the person人身非财产关系: personal non-property relations人身关系: personal relation任意解释: arbitrary interpretation柔性宪法: flexible constitution三权分立: separation of powers善意推定: presumption of good faith商法: commercial law商法典: code of commerce社会法学:sociological jurisprudence社会关系: social relations社会规范: social regulation社会连带主义法学: social solidarism jurisprudence社会契约论: theory of social contract社会团体:social organization社会主义法学: socialist jurisprudence社会主义法制: socialist legal system; socialist rule of law神法: divine law神权说: theory of divine right审查制度: censorship; inspection system审计监督: supervise through auditing审计监督权: power to supervise through auditing生效条款: operative clause失效法律: expired laws失效日: expiry date施行细则: implementary provisions实证主义法学派: the positivist school实体法: material law; substantial law实体法上的抗辩: substantial defense实体权利: substantive right实用主义法学: judicial pragmaticism实在法: positive law实在法学: positive jurisprudence实在法学派: positivist实在主义法学: positivist jurisprudence实证法学: positive jurisprudence实质条款: material stipulation实质性的瑕疵: defect of substance实质性解释: material interpretation事实的推定: presumption of fact事业单位:institution适用法律: reference to the law; applicable law适用范围: area of application; sphere of application适用中国法律:be governed by the law of PRC (The law of PRC shall apply to)溯及既往原则: doctrine of retroactivity溯及力: retrospect; retrospective effect损害赔偿: damages梭伦: Solon弹性宪法: elastic constitution特别程序: special procedure特别但书: special proviso特别法: special law特殊主体: special subject提案:motion; overture; proposal提出抗辩: raise a plea; raise a plead条约法: law of treaties同态复仇: retaliation推定合法:presumption of legality停止生效:cease to have effect外国法: foreign law外国法制史: foreign legal history外国人待遇: foreigner treatment完全民事权利能力:full capacity for civil conduct完全丧失行为能力的人: person entirely incapable of legal transaction 完全无行为能力: absolute disability万民法: jus gentium违法构成要件: essential condition of delict违宪: violation of constitution无国籍人:stateless persons无条件解释: unconditional interpretation无效的法律: void law无效法律行为: void act; act without legal effect物权: property习惯法:custom law细则: detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释: narrow definition下文另有规定者除外: except as hereinafter provided先决条件:precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学: realism jurisprudence现行法律: current law; existing law限制解释: restrictive interpretation无国籍人:stateless persons无条件解释: unconditional interpretation无效的法律: void law无效法律行为:void act; act without legal effect物权: property习惯法:custom law细则: detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws狭义解释: narrow definition下文另有规定者除外: except as hereinafter provided先决条件: precedent condition; prerequisite现实主义法学: realism jurisprudence现行法律: current law; existing law限制解释: restrictive interpretation相对主义法学: relativist jurisprudence新分析法学: new analytical jurisprudence新律: New Law , Novellae行为规范: code of conduct学说编纂:the Pandekta形式主义法学: formalist jurisprudence严格解释: strict interpretation严重不法行为: aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior严重违法: break the law on a serious scale要件: important condition; essential condition一般客体: general object一般权利能力: general legal capacity一般主体: general subject一事不再理的保证: guarantee against double jeorpardy依法办案: handle cases according to law依法独立行使职权: independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law依照法律的规定: as prescribed by law以法律为准绳: take law as the criterion依法治国: genuine rule of law; running the country according to law义务性规范: obligatory rule义务主体: subject of duty英美法系: Anglo-American Legal System永恒法: eternal law有法必依: ensure that laws are observed有法律约束力: legally binding有条件解释: conditional interpretation有效期间: time of effect; term of validity与法律规定不符: against the forms of the statute与法律相抵触的行为:act going against the law域外效力: extraterritorial effect援引法律条文: invoke a legal provision约束力: binding; binding effect 在法律的范围内: within the law暂行条例:interim regulations; provisional regulation整体法学: integrative jurisprudence正当权益: justified rights; legitimate interests正式解释: official interpretation正式渊源: formal source政法学院: institute of political science and law知法犯法: deliberately break the law执法必严:ensure that law’s enforcement be strict执法人员: law enforcement officials执行权: enforcement power直接故意 actual intent; direct intent直接后果:immediate consequence直接客体: direct object直接主体: direct subject制定法: statute治外法权: extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction中端时效: interrupt the running of the statute of limitation中国大陆的法律:law of China’s mainland中国法制: Chinese legal system中国法制史: Chinese legal history中国特色的社会主义法制: socialist legal system with Chinese character 中华法系: Chinese legal system《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》:the Basic law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China主要法律体系:principal legal system自然法: natural law自然法学派: natural law school组成合议庭开庭审理:form a collegial panel to conduct the trial最高国家权力机关: highest organ of state power最高人民法院的解释:interpretation of supreme people’s court遵循先例原则:The Doctrine of Stare作为或不作为: act or omission宪法学行政法学Constitution and Administrative Laws制宪权:constituent power宪法的解释: interpretation of constitution宪法修正案: constitution amendment宪法学: constitutional jurisprudence成文宪法written constitution不成文宪法unwritten constitution符合宪法: constitutionality符合宪法的法律 constitutional law刚性宪法: rigid constitution马伯里诉麦迪逊案: Marbury vs. Madison抽象行政行为: abstract administrative act非法活动: unlawful activities非法利益: unlawful interests非法手段: illegal means非强制性行政行为: non-coercive form of administrative action非正式的:informal; irregular非政府机关: non-governmental organization非主要条件: non-essential stipulation非专业的: non-professional国家赔偿案件: case of state compensation 国家赔偿的归责原则: principle of culpability for state compensation 国家赔偿的双重过错原则: principle of dual faults for state compensation 国家赔偿法: state compensation law国家赔偿主体: subject of state compensation行政法: administrative law; executive law行政法规: administrative laws and regulations行政法学: administrative jurisprudence行政解释: administrative interpretation行政救济: administrative remedy治安管理: security administration治安条例: security regulations高级人民检察院:Higher People’s Procu ratortate国家权力机关: state authority国际审判机关: state judicial organs国家行政机关: state administrative organs国家意志:state’s will国家职能: function of the state国民待遇: national treatment公安部: Ministry of Public Security公安分局: public security sub-bureau公安厅: public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomousregions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government地方各级人民代表大会:local people’s congresses at different levels 地方各级人民法院:local people’s courts at different levels地方各级人民检察院:local people’s procur atorates at different levels 地方各级人民政府:local people’s governments at different levels罚款: impose a fine刑法学Criminal Laws犯罪预防: crime prevention预防犯罪: anti-crime帮助当事人毁灭、伪造证据罪: crime of aiding a client to destroy or forge evidence绑架妇女儿童罪: crime of kidnapping women and children包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪: crime of harboring a mafia-style syndicate 包庇毒品犯罪分子罪: crime of harboring drug criminals报复陷害罪:case of retaliation and frame-ups必要共同犯罪: indispensable joint crime并科原则: doctrine of cumulating punishments剥夺权利:deprival of rights不能犯: impossibility; unrealized offense参加恐怖活动组织罪: crime of taking part in an organization engaged in terrorist activities超越管辖权: excess of jurisdiction超越职权范围:overstep one’s authority惩办和宽大相结合:combine punishment with leniency惩办少数、改造多数的原则: principle of punishing the few and reforming the many惩罚措施: punitive measure惩罚性制裁: punitive sanction惩罚与教育相结合: combination of punishment and education处以刑罚: inflict punishment处以有期徒刑: sentence to fixed-term imprisonment触犯法律: break the law; violate the law抽逃出资罪: crime of flight of capital contribution出口骗税犯罪活动: criminal activities of cheating out of tax rebates in export出售伪造发票罪: crime of selling counterfeit currency出于对法律的无知: from ignorance of law出于恶意: from malevolence从轻处罚: gie a lesser punishment从重处罚: give a severer punishment单位受贿罪: crime of bribe taken by a unit单一犯罪构成: single constitution of crime盗伐林木罪: crime of illegally chopping down trees; crime of illegally felling trees盗窃、抢夺枪支、弹药、爆炸物罪: crime of stealing or seizing guns, ammunition or explosives盗窃犯: theft act; larcenist渎职犯罪案件:case of dereliction of duty对象不能犯: object impossibility多次作案: repeatedly commit crimes罚不当罪: punishment does not fit the crime犯意: criminal intent; mens real犯罪低龄化: lowering ages of criminal offenders犯罪动机: criminal motive犯罪构成: constitution of a crime; constitutive elements of a crime 犯罪构成要件: special constitutive elements of crime犯罪故意: criminal intent; guilty intent; meas rea犯罪集团: criminal gang; criminal group犯罪客观要件: objective circumstances of a crime犯罪客体: criminal object; object of a crime犯罪实行终了: completion of a criminal act犯罪学: criminology犯罪中止: discontinuance of crime; desistance of crime犯罪主观方面要素: subjective elements of crime犯罪主体: subject of crime犯罪着手: initiate a crime犯罪组织: criminal organization贩卖毒品罪: drug offense; crime of drug trafficking防卫过当: unjustifiable self-defense防卫挑拨: instigation of defense; provocation of defense防卫限度: limit of defense防止类似事件重演: prevent the recurrence of similar incidents妨碍公务罪: crime of disrupting public service妨害公共安全罪: crime of impairing public security放弃权利: withdraw a claim; waive a right非法持、私藏枪支、弹药罪: crime of illegally holding or hiding a firearm or ammunition非法持有毒品罪: crime of illegally holding drugs非法干涉: illegal intervention非法干预: unlawful interference非法出售增值税专用发票罪: crime of illegal selling invoice for exclusive use of VAT诽谤罪: crime of defamation隔地犯: offense of segregation by location隔时犯: offense of segregation by time工具不能犯: impossibility of instruments故意犯罪: calculated crime; intentional crime故意杀人罪: crime of intentional homicide故意伤害罪: crime of willful and malicious injury管辖:jurisdiction惯犯: habitual criminal惯例: custom and usage过失犯罪: criminal negligence; involuntary crime; negligent crime黑社会性质的犯罪集团: gangland criminal syndicate; mafia-style criminal gang缓期二年执行: with a two-year reprieve缓刑: probate cessat executio集合犯: aggregate offense; collective offense既遂犯: accomplished crime继续犯: continuous crime加重处罚: give an aggravated punishment beyond the maximum prescribed 假冒他人注册商标罪: crime of counterfeiting the registered trademark of another假释: parole假想防卫: imaginative defense假想数罪: imaginatively several crimes简单共同犯罪: simple joint crime间接故意: indirect intent; indirect iintentino教唆未遂: attempt of solicitation劫持船只、汽车罪: crime of hijacking a ship or an automobile劫持航空器罪: crime of skyjacking结果犯: consequential offen结果加重犯: aggregated consequential offense结合犯: combinative crime; integrated offense se拒不执行人民法院判决、裁定罪: crime of refusing o execute judgments or orders of the People’s Court具结悔过: make a statement of repentence具体行政行为: specific administrative act具体罪名:concrete accusation绝对不确定法定刑: absolutely indeterminate statutory punishment军人违反职责罪: crimes of soldiers violating military dutie抗税罪: offense of resisting taxes客体不能犯: object impossibility空白罪状: blank facts about a crime滥伐林木罪: crime of illegal denudation累犯: recidivist; repeat offender; cumulative offense连续犯罪: continuing crime量刑: criterion for sentencing; sentencing criterion量刑不当: criterion for sentence量刑幅度: extent for discretionary action of sentencing虐待罪: cri me of abusing member of one’s family挪用公款案: case of misappropriation of public funds偶犯: casual offender; casual offense情节加重犯: aggravated offense by circumstances情节特别严重: when the circumstances are particularly wicked情节严重、构成犯罪的: when the circumstances are so serious as to constitute a crime取保候审: post a bail and await trial with restricted liberty of moving 扰乱公共场所秩序罪: crime of disturbing order at public places刑法: criminal law刑罚: penalty; punishment刑事责任能力: criminal capacity民商法学与经济法学(Civil Laws, Commercial Laws and Economic Laws)按照出资比例:in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment办理注销登记:cancel the registration被代理人:the principal被侵权人 the infringed本人名义:in one’s name标的:subject matter补偿制度:compensation system不动产登记制:Lot and Block System财产法: property law财产的添附: accretion of property; property accession财产抵押权: property mortgage财产继承权:the right of inheritance财产关系和人身关系:property relationships and personal relationships 财产管理人: property administrator; custodian of property财产混同: confusion; hotchpot财产留置权: encumbrance采用书面形式:in writing仓单: warehouse voucher草签合同: initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract长期合同: long-term contract偿付能力: solvency capability of reimbursement超越代理权:beyond the scope of one’s power of agency撤消合同:cancellation of contract撤销合同: cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract撤销权: right of rescission; right of revocation撤销要约: revocation of offer; revoke an offer撤销遗赠: cancellation o will; revocationi of will承运人: actual fault of the carrier承运人的留置权:carrier’s lien诚信原则: principle of good faith诚实信用原则:principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle船舶承租人: charterer船舶抵押权: right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage船舶抵押权的设定: establishment of mortgage of the ship船舶抵押的消灭: extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship船舶抵押权登记: registration of ship mortgage船舶留置权: possessory lien; lien of ship村民委员会:the village committee惩罚性的损害赔偿: punitive damages乘人之危:take advantage of one’s unfavorable position处分财产: dispose of properties处分权: act of disposition处分原则: principle of disposition代理民事活动:be represented in civil activities by代理权终止:the expiration of one’s power of agency单独承担的责任: undivided responsibility单方法律行为:unilateral obligation单方行政行为: unilateral administrative act等价有偿:making compensation for equal value对等原则:principle of reciprocity对价:consideration对抗措施:counter measure对人权:right in personam; personal right对世权: real right; right in rem恶意串通:conspire maliciously恶意行为:ill will mala fides法人: judicial person; legal body法人的权利能力: legal capacity of juristic person法人的责任能力: capacity for responsibility of juristic person法人权限: corporate power法人人格: corporate personality法人身份: status of a legal person法人团体: corporation法人资格: corporate capacity法人组织章程:the articles of association of the legal person负共同连带责任: liable jointly and severally负全部责任: bear all responsibilities; in all charge。

法律英语重要词组

法律英语重要词组

法律英语词组(—)1.bar exam 司法考试,律师执业考试2.hold bachelor’s degrees in t he humanities and social sciences 在人类学和社会科学持学士学位3.autonomous entity 自治体,自治系统4.faculty of law, law school 法学院monwealth countries 共和国,联邦6.Juris Doctor or Doctor of J urisprudence (J.D.) 法律专业博士7.attorney at law 律师,法律上的代理人practicing lawyer 执业律师,开业律师8.sit for a bar exam 参加司法考试,参加学位考试9.diploma privilege 学位特权10.LegumDoctor (LL.D.) [ 美]法学荣誉博士11.judical clerkship 法院书记员职位12.legal education 法学教育13.vocational courses 职业课程14.bachelor ’s degree 学士学位parative Law 比较法16.Master of Laws (LL.M.) / Master of Jurisprudence (M.J.) 法学硕士17.call to the bar 取得律师资格18.LSAT 法学院入学考试The Law School Admi s s ionTest19.MCAT 医学院入学考试The Medical College A dmissionTest20.article 律师事务所实习(二)21.autonomous political 政治自治体22.codified constitution 成文宪法uncodified constitution 不成文宪法23.constitutional courts 宪法法院24.statutory law 成文法25.a simple majority 简单多数26.civil rights 民权,公民权利27.national legislature 国家立法机构28.supreme law 最高法29.constitutional amendments 宪法修正案30.a national referendum 全民公决31.the division of sovereignty 权力配置32.parliamentary sovereignty 议会(制)主权33.separation of powers 分权,权力分离34.canon law 教会法规35.supremany clause ( 宪法至上条款 ),至上性条款36.federal constitution 联邦法院37.bicameral Congress 两院制国会38.Supreme Court 最高法院39.the first ten amendments being known as the Bill of Rights美国宪法修正案前 10 条为“权力法案”40.Article of C onfederation and Perpetual Union 美利坚邦联条例41.James Madison ——The Father of t he Constitution 美国宪法之父42.powerful bicameral legislature with House and Senate 强有力的参议院和众议院(house)的两院立法43.life-terms of service 服务终身制,B enjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林44.due process clause 正当程序条款45.Magna Carta 自由大宪章46.Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 费城会议(三)47.civil procedure 民事程序,民事诉讼程序48.American Bar Association 美国律师协会49.service of process 送达50.attorney general 首席检察官,司法部长51.statements of case 案情陈述书52.inherent jurisdiction 固有管辖权53.alternative dispute resolution 非诉讼纠纷解决机制54.criminal procedure 刑事诉讼程序55.state supreme court 州最高法院56.state court system 州法院体制57.High Court of Justice [ 英]最高法院58.legal costs 法律成本59.beyond reasonable doubt 合理疑点(四)60.due process of law 正当法律程序61.legal proceedings 法律程序62.natural justice 自然正义,实体正义63.procedural justice 程序正义64.concurring opinion 配合意见65.legal persons 法人66.unenumerated rights 未列举的权力67.due process clause 正当程序条款68.corporate personhood 社团法人69.substantive due process 实体性正当程序70.procedural due process 程序性正当程序71.federal government 联邦政府72.U.S. Constitution 美国宪法73.Edward Coke 爱德华·柯克(自然,程序,正义)对普通法影响74.legal authority 法律权威75.freedom of the press 新闻自由76.liberty of conscience 良心自由77.Queen’s Bench 王室法庭78.House of Commons 英国(下议院),平民院(五)79.criminal punishment 刑事惩罚ernment supervision 政府监控81.criminal codes 刑法典82.civil infractions 民事侵害权→ 8983.criminal consequences 刑事后果84.The L aw of the T welve T ables 十二铜表法85.physical or corporal punishment 肉刑,体罚86.house arrest 监视居住,(本宅)软禁87.retribution (惩罚,报应), deterrence (威慑,制止), incapacitation (剥夺), rehabilitation (改造,矫正) , restitution (补偿,赔偿)88.u tilitarianism 功利主义,实利主义89.civil infraction 民事侵害90.criminal sanctions 刑事处分,刑事制裁91.capital punishment 死刑92.parole 假释93.probation 缓刑94.cross examination 交叉询问95.Babylonian law 巴比伦法96.Code of U r-N a m m u《乌尔拉姆法典》97.Code of Hammurabi 《汉漠拉比法典》98.felony [ 律]重罪99.prosecuting attorney 检察官100.Court of Appeal 上诉法院(六)101.contractual duties 合同责任,契约责任102.tortious conduct 侵权行为103.intentional tort 故意侵权104.duty of care 注意义务105.strict liability 严格责任106.real property 不动产(交付)尤其指房地产107.movable property 动产(登记)108.breach of fiduciary duty 违背信托责任109.false imprisonment 非法监禁110.no-fault party 无过错方no-fault [ 美](汽车保险)不追究过失责任均予赔偿的,[律]无责任的111.tort liability 侵权责任112.punitive damage 惩罚性损害赔偿113.criminal detention 刑事拘留114.property rights 财产权115.analogy in criminal law 刑事类推116.product liability 产品责任117.abuse of process 滥用诉讼程序或权利118.malicious prosecution 恶意控告(七)119.breach of contract 违约120.civil law systems 民法法系121.capacity 行为能力, formalities 形式要件122.legally binding offer 有法律效力的要约123.unilateral contract 单方合同,单边合同124.unjust enrichment 不当得利125.statute of frauds 禁止欺诈法,防止欺诈法126.inviation to treat 邀请投标人作交易127.collateral contract 附属合同128.Justice Denning 丹宁法官129.equitable doctrine 衡平法则130.applicable law of contract 合同准据法131.oral contract 口头合同132.verbal contract 口头契约133.implied in fact 事实上的默示(八)134.transfer of property 财产转让135.contractual rights 契约权利,合同权利136.proprietary right /ownership right 所有权137.personal property 个人财产动产138.personal rights 人身财产139.contributory negligence 共同过失nd tenure 土地租佃制度141.right of publicity 公开权142.bill of review 上诉状Black ’s Law Dictionary 《布莱克法律词典》143.real estate 不动产(尤指房地产)(九)144.intellectual property 知识产权145.copyright 版权,著作权146.industrial property 工业产权147.World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织( WIPO)148.trademark 商标149.patent holder 专利持有方150.intangible assets 无形资产151.industrial design right 工业设计权152.trade secret 商业秘密153.circuit court 巡回法院154.marginal cost 边际成本155.protectionist legislation 保护贸易立法156.free culture movement 自由文化运动157.exclusive rights 专有权158.derivative works 演绎作品159.Universal Copyright Convention 世界版权公约160.moral right 人格权,精神权利(十)161.Uniform Commercial Code 统一商法典(UCC) 162.bill of exchange 汇票163.civil code 民法典164.safety laws 安全法mercial transaction 买卖,交易166.accident insurance 事故保险167.Occupational Safety and Health Act 职业安全与健康法168.National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws 统一州法全国委员会 (NCCUSL)169.stock exchange 证券交易所170.limited liability 有限责任180.sole traders 独资企业(十一)181.the Wall Street 华尔街182.securities regulation 证券法规183.National Association of Securities Dealers 全美证券商协会184.New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所185.futures 期货186.primary market 初级市场187.secondary market 二级市场188.Investment Company Act 《投资公司法案》189.blue sky laws 蓝天法modity Futures T rading Commission 日用期货贸易委员会191.Securities Investor Protection Act 《证券投资者保护法》192.Public Utility Holding Company Act 公用事业控股公司法193.trust indenture act 《信托契约法》194.Investment Advisers Act 《投资顾问法》(十二)195.Internortional Law 国际法196.public international law (or i nternational public law 国际公法197.Universal Declaration of Human Rights 《世界人权宣言》 (UDHR)198.UN Charter 《联合国宪章》199.private international law 国际私法200.soft law 软法201.conflict of laws 冲突法202.maritime law 海商法203.constitutional rights 宪法权利mercial arbitration 商务仲裁205.World T rade Organization 世界贸易组织 (WTO) 206.international criminal law 国际刑法207.multinational corporation 跨国公司208.outer space 太空,外层空间209.intergovernmental organization (IGO) 政府间组织210.state immunity 国家豁免211.municipal law 国内法(十三)世界贸易组织212.General Ag r e e m e n t onTariffs and T rade 关税及贸易总协定( GATT)213.trade barriers 贸易壁垒214.the use of quotas 配额的运用215.dispute settlement 争端的解决216.Most Favoured N ation (MFN) 最惠国217.National Treatment 国民待遇218.free-riding 搭便车(十四)法律文书219.doctrine (n. 教义,教条 )of stare decisis 遵循先例原则220.judge made law 法官造法221.citation 案例出处222.cause of action 案由223.facts 事实情节224.issue 法律争议225.dissenting opinion or dissent 反对意见226.concuriing opinion 配合意见227.affirm 维持原判228.r everse 驳回原判229.p ower of attorney 授权委托书230.Arbitration Agreement 仲裁协议书。

法律英语必背单词期末考试法学

法律英语必背单词期末考试法学

法律英语必背单词第一章法律制度Civil Law:民法Economic Law:经济法Legal system:法律制度;法律体系;法系American’s youth:美国建国初期Fifty States:50个州(美国是个联邦制国家,每个州都是一个相对独立的实体,有着自己的宪法和政府组织,因此把state理解成邦国更为准确)The reports of the United States Supreme Court:联邦最高法院判例汇编Stout volumes:巨册Overarching:贯穿始终的National characteristics:民族特性Binding interpretation:有约束力的法律解释Common law:普通法(它是统一适用于整个国家,效力优先于地方习惯法的法律,因此理解成共同法更为准确)Itinerant judges of the English royal court:英国皇家法院的巡回法官Writ:令状Provisions of Oxford:牛津条例(从贵族会议中推选出的24人委员会为限制亨利三世的权力而在1258年制定的一部带有宪法性质的法律)Writ upon the case:本案令状Ex aequo et bono:公平且善良Court of Chancery:衡平法院Maxims:法则Compensatory damage:金钱赔偿Judicial acceptance:司法接纳(即,通过判例法的方式接受)第二章法律职业Legal profession:法律职业The bar:法律职业Multistate Bar Exam:律师资格考试Substantial fraction:大多数Lawyer:律师Attorney:律师Attorney-at-law:律师Counsellor:律师Counsellor-at-law:律师Retain:雇用Practice law:从事律师业务Harlan Fiske Stone:哈兰·菲斯克·斯通,1941年担任最高法院首席大法官Chief Justice:首席大法官Barristers and solicitors:诉讼律师和非诉律师。

法律翻译legal profession

法律翻译legal profession

Lesson Two: Legal Profession 第二课:法律职业[E-C]2010-09-19 17:49:46A-A+Part One: The Bar第一部分:律师协会The regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the state, each of which has its own requirement for admission to practice. Most require three years of college and a law degree. Each state administers its own written examination to Exam, a day-long multiple-choice test, to which the state adds a day-long essay examination emphasizing its own law. A substantial fraction of all applicants succeed on the first try, and many of those who fail pass on a later attempt. In all, over forty thousand persons succeed in passing these examinations each year and, after an inquiry into their character, are admitted to the bar in their respective states. No apprenticeship is required either before or after admission. The rules for admission to practice before the federal court vary with the court, but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities.法律职业方面的规定主要是州来制定的,每个州均其自己的执业准入要求。

成为一名律师必须具备那些条件,英语考研复试问答

成为一名律师必须具备那些条件,英语考研复试问答

成为一名律师必须具备那些条件,英语考研复试问答Embarking on the journey to become a lawyer is akin to preparing for a marathon; it requires a blend of academic prowess, unwavering commitment, and a robust ethical compass. The path is rigorous, punctuated by milestones that test one's resolve and aptitude for the legal profession.The foundational step is acquiring a comprehensive education. Prospective lawyers must first complete an undergraduate degree. While no specific major is mandated, courses in English, public speaking, government, history, economics, and mathematics are highly beneficial. Following this, the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) serves as the gatekeeper to law school, assessing critical thinking, analytical reasoning, and reading comprehension.Law school itself is a crucible, typically spanning three years, where students immerse themselves in the intricacies of the law through courses in contracts, torts, civil procedure, and constitutional law, among others. Legal writing and research form the bedrock of this education, equipping students with the tools to craft cogent arguments and navigate the vast sea of legal precedents.Internships and clerkships offer a glimpse into the practical workings of the legal system, allowing students to apply their theoretical knowledge in real-world settings under the guidance of experienced attorneys. This experiential learning is invaluable, providing a window into the daily responsibilities of a lawyer and the ethical considerations that underpin the profession.Upon graduation, the bar exam looms large, a formidable assessment that varies by state but universally tests a candidate's legal knowledge and reasoning abilities. Passing the bar is a rite of passage, conferring the title of 'attorney' and granting the privilege to practice law.But the journey does not end there. Continuing legal education (CLE) is a lifelong pursuit, ensuring that lawyers remain at the forefront of legal developments and maintain the highest standards of professional competence.In parallel to the academic and licensing requirements, certain soft skills are indispensable. Effective communication, both written and oral, is paramount. Lawyers must also possess keen analytical abilities, capable of dissecting complex issues and crafting strategic solutions. Negotiation skills are equally crucial, as much of a lawyer's work involves advocating for clients and reaching settlements.Moreover, a lawyer's character is under constant scrutiny. Integrity, honesty, and adherence to the ethical code of the legal profession are non-negotiable traits. A lawyer must be a paragon of trust, as they hold not only their clients' confidences but also the scales of justice in their hands.In essence, becoming a lawyer is a multifaceted endeavor that demands a deep commitment to learning, ethical excellence, and the development of a skill set that transcends mere academic knowledge. It is a noble calling, one that holds the potential to effectuate change and uphold the pillars of justice in society. 。

成为律师的英语作文

成为律师的英语作文

Becoming a lawyer is a prestigious and challenging career choice that requires a combination of intellectual prowess,strong communication skills,and a deep commitment to justice.Here is a detailed English essay on the journey to becoming a lawyer:IntroductionThe legal profession is one of the most respected and soughtafter careers in society.It is a field that not only offers a stable income but also provides an opportunity to make a significant impact on peoples lives.The path to becoming a lawyer is rigorous and requires a strong educational foundation,practical experience,and a relentless pursuit of justice.Educational RequirementsThe journey to becoming a lawyer begins with obtaining a solid educational background. Typically,aspiring lawyers start by pursuing a bachelors degree in any field,although certain subjects like political science,history,or philosophy can provide a strong foundation for law studies.After completing their undergraduate studies,candidates must pass the Law School Admission Test LSAT to be admitted into a law school.Law School EducationLaw school is a critical phase in the process of becoming a lawyer.It is where students are introduced to the intricacies of the law,legal reasoning,and various areas of legal practice.The Juris Doctor JD degree is the standard professional degree for lawyers in most w school curriculums include courses in constitutional law, contracts,torts,criminal law,and civil procedure,among others.Internships and ClerkshipsGaining practical experience is essential for law students.Internships and clerkships provide students with the opportunity to work under the supervision of experienced lawyers,gaining insights into the daytoday operations of a law firm or a courtroom. These experiences are invaluable for building a professional network and understanding the practical application of legal theories.Bar ExaminationAfter completing law school,the next significant hurdle is the bar examination.This is acomprehensive test that assesses a candidates knowledge of the law and their ability to practice it.Passing the bar exam is a prerequisite for obtaining a license to practice law in a particular jurisdiction.Choosing a SpecialtyThe legal profession is vast,and lawyers can specialize in various areas such as corporate law,criminal law,family law,intellectual property law,or international law.Choosing a specialty early on can help in tailoring ones education and experience to align with their career goals.Continuing Legal EducationThe law is a dynamic field that is constantly evolving with new legislation,court decisions,and societal changes.Therefore,continuing legal education CLE is crucial for lawyers to stay current and maintain their license.CLE involves attending seminars, workshops,and other educational programs to enhance their legal knowledge and skills.Ethics and ProfessionalismA lawyers role is not just about winning cases it also involves upholding the principles of justice,ethics,and wyers are expected to adhere to a strict code of conduct that governs their interactions with clients,the court,and other legal professionals.ConclusionBecoming a lawyer is a demanding and rewarding career path that requires dedication, hard work,and a passion for the law.It offers the opportunity to serve society,advocate for justice,and contribute to the shaping of legal precedents.For those with a strong sense of justice and a desire to make a difference,the legal profession can be a fulfilling and impactful career choice.。

电大宝典1390《人文英语4》期末考试题库简化版最新版

电大宝典1390《人文英语4》期末考试题库简化版最新版

电大宝典139《0 人文英语4》期末考试题库简化版2020年 1 月年最新(04016)整理时间: 2019.12.09已考完,大部分能找到,已按字母排版,方便查找(按历届试题汇总)适用:[国开科目] [期末笔试] [课程号:04016] [试卷号:1390]题型:写作题 (7) 交际用语 (57) 词汇与语法 (132) 阅读理解 (单选) (13) 阅读理解 (判断) (7) 写作题(总共7题)1、Education and academic quality can mean different things to different people,2、Liu Hui: Gordon, may I ask you a question?3、Para 14、Peter: Molly, look at this. The newspaper says we should sort trash.5、The Education We Need6、The National Union of Students (NUS) welcomes the news that greater numbers of black and 交际用语(总共57 题)1、—Are you on holiday here?2、—Can you explain it again? —()3、—Can you go out with us for dinner this evening?4、—Can you help me clear up the mess?5、—Can you tell me where I can park the car?6、—Could I talk to Prof. Lee?7、—Do you mind if I read the newspaper on the table?8、—Do you think I can borrow your bike for a few hours?9、—Excuse me, could you tell the time?10、—Excuse me, where is Dr Smith's office?11、—Good afternoon. Can I help you?12、—Good morning, sir. May I help you?13、—Have a nice holiday, Ted.14、—Have you ever been to Tokyo?词汇与语法(总共132 题)1、 A police officer claimed that the young man had attempted to ()paying his fare.2、All students are required to translate this poem ()English into Chinese.3、Although he did not know London well, he made his way ()to the airport.4、As the bus came round the corner, it ran ()a big tree by the roadside.5、As the busiest woman there, she made ()her duty to look after all the other6、Be careful ()you cross the road.7、Before the final examination, some students have shown of tension. They even8、Both the kids and their parents ()English, I think. I know it from their accent.9、By the year 2020, China's population probably () 1.4 billion.10、Children should be encouraged to be ()thinkers.11、Did you notice the guy ()head looked like a big potato?12、Do you know the man ()under the le tree?13、Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ()of fat.14、Equality in society is absolutely ()equality in access to education.15、Every country should try their best to provide equal opportunities for every citizen to go on ()their education.16、Every country should try their best to provide equal opportunities for every citizen to go on()their education.17、Every year thousands of lives ()in road accidents because of careless driving.18、For many students,university is the place()they will be first exposed to different cultures and different people.19、Had you come five minutes earlier, you ()the train to Birmingham. But now you20、Harry, who had failed in the final exam, had a great worry ()his mind.21、Have you ever visited the Summer Palace, there are many beautiful halls, ridges22、He didn't pass the exam this time ()his headache.23、He is fond of playing ()piano while his brother is interested in listening to ()music.24、He never fails ()his mother on her birthday.25、He talked loudly in the public26、He would be studying at the university now if he ()the entrance examination.27、He ()legal profession for 20 years.28、How can he ()if he is not ()?29、How I wish I ()travel abrnad !30、How much has the company ()()this year?31、However,in too many countries and societies,women's social() is still low.32、I don't know the park, but it's ()to be quite beautiful.33、I leave my house around at midnight and walk around the city () what I find.阅读理解(单选)(总共13 题)1、Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life,2、Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times ,3、Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times ,4、Imagine a school that expected its students to become literate有读写能力的)5、Is that 6 a.m. wokeout getting in the way of good sleep?6、It can be really frustrating (使人沮丧的) for an overweight7、Jim Thorpe was a Native American.8、Liu Hui interviews Dr. Smith about the issue of educational inequality.9、Maggie Walker was born in 1867 in Richmond,10、R espondent: Binhai People's Hospital11、S ince its founding in 1948, McDonald's has grown from a family burger (汉堡包)12、W hen Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year,阅读理解(判断)(总共7 题)1、Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit.2、I' ve been living in the country for more than 10 years.3、James Bush 35 West 9 Avenue Pensacola, FL235064、Liu Hui and Molly are discussing the issue of educational quality at a workshop.5、NEW YORK -The five men facing trial in the Sept. 116、To: Guangzhou People's Court[此文档可自行编辑修改,如有侵权请告知删除,感谢您的支持,我们会努力把内容做得更好]。

《【历年真题】人文英语4-本科卷201807》试卷题目

《【历年真题】人文英语4-本科卷201807》试卷题目

【历年真题】人文英语4-本科卷201807试卷编码:04016120187一、情景对话:二、三、1、 -Please help yourself to the seafood.-_____________________.A、Sorry, I can't help.B、Well, seafood doesn't suit.C、Thank you, but I' m afraid I don't like seafood.2、 -What do you think of this novel?-_____________________.A、I've read it,B、It's well-written.C、It was written by my uncle.3、 -Would you like another slice of Christmas cake?-_____________________I'm full.A、Why not?B、No more, thanks.C、Nothing more.4、 - Sir, I've not understood what you have said just now.-OK,____________________.A、take it easy.B、B.1 wonder why.C、Let me explain that in more details.5、 -What can we do for the case?-_____________________.A、We could consult our lawyer.B、The case is difficult. .C、I don't care about it.二:词汇与语法:6、Was ______that I saw last night at the concert?A、youB、that yourselfC、it you7、It is high time that we______him the truth.A、should tellB、tellsC、told8、1 leave my house around at midnight and walk around the city______what I find.A、togetherB、gatheringC、gather9、If it______go to trial, I'm afraid the prosecution will have a field day criticizing our company in the press.A、willB、doesC、did10、There is still a lot of work______on teacher training.A、to doB、to be doneC、doing11、______trash separated, pollution caused by incineration can be avoided.A、IfB、With .C、As12、Someone got in and walked______with the bags while we were out,A、outB、offC、of13、She did not take______account how much she has paid.A、withB、inC、Into14、Children should be encouraged to be.______thinkers. .A、independent .B、dependentC、independence15、Team spirit______their final success.A、contributes toB、causesC、results from16、The benefits of university______a positive, diverse environment must be seen by students.A、forB、asC、with17、He never fails ______his mother on her birthday.A、when he phonesB、to phoneC、phoning18、He ______legal profession for 20 years.A、has engaged inB、has engaged toC、has engaged19、He didn' t pass the exam______ this time his headache.A、thanks forB、because ofC、because20、Mark Twain is a______writer.A、productiveB、efficientC、sufficient三. 阅读I:1、Charity is a concept which dates back to Biblical times,when helping the poor was something that rich people basically did to make themselves feel good. Social work has its roots in charity, as it originally began around the time of the industrial revolution when there were many poor people and society was seeking a way of dealing with the poor and social problems. Although social work began as charity work, it has expanded a lot and needs to be seen from a completely different perspective. Modern-day social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, b ut also with the problems arising from various types of“social fear" (“social phobias") and discrimination such as sexism, racism, and discrimination against an individual due to his age, or mental or physical disabilities. Social workers deal with the consequences of these discriminations as well as consequences that arise from sexual abuse, drug abuse, and various other problems. Social work provides an important service to society. Individuals and families in need of help are the focus of it, and are referred to as clients. Social workers help clients live a productive life in their own community. In order to reach this goal, they often enlist the assistance of family members, relatives, local religious leaders, and other influential members of the community. Although institutionalization may be necessary at times, it is a temporary solution. Social workers usually serve in the front line, and reach out to the clients soon after problems occur. The goal is to help clients return to normal life in a natural setting.21.The charity originally means to_______.A. help the poor that makes the rich feel goodB. help clients return to normal lifeC. serve the whole society22.When does social work begin?A.Around the time of the industrial revolution.B.Biblical times.C, Modern time.23.Modern-day social work deals with the following problems except_______?A.povertyB. racismC. Education24.In order to help clients live a productive life, social workers can turn to the assistance of_______.ernmentB. family membersC. businessmen25.Which statement about social work is NOT true?A.Social work roots from charity.B.Social work deals not only with poverty and the subsequent problems, but also with various social fear and discrimination.C.Social work is that the rich people want to help the poor people.D.四.阅读II2、Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit, Teenagers dodge security guards to put their names on trains and buses. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britain's cities. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 63%. A survey by the Environment Ministry shows that fewer places are blighted by tags than ever. Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls, such as the Stockwell ball courts. In time the practice may die out entirely. The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train painting is better policing.Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting ilegally. And punishments are more severe. A generational shift is apparent, too. Fewer teenagers are getting into painting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games. Some have gone to art school and want to make money from their paintings. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard, . Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men- - and almost all are men-are now older and less willing to take risks. Graffiti may eventually disappear. But for now the hobby is almost respectable. The former graffiti artists paint abandoned warehouses at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon- -a slightly healthier alternative to sitting and watching football.26.Teenagers are not afraid of being caught by security guards when they put their names on trains and buses.27.Less tags can be found in public places nowadays.28.Because of better policing graffiti decreases.29.Some teenagers go to art school in order to learn to paint walls.30.Taggers and graffiti artists are still willing to take risks.31.五:作文3、根据要求写作文。

英国律师考试资格

英国律师考试资格

英国律师考试资格
英国律师考试资格主要分为两个阶段:LLB法学学士学位和
法律职业资格课程(Legal Practice Course,LPC)。

第一阶段是完成法学学士学位(LLB),该学位通常需要三年全日制学习。

在这个阶段,学生将学习法律的基础知识和法律原则,包括合同法、刑法、民事诉讼、公司法等等。

完成
LLB学位后,学生可以申请成为法律本科生的资格考试(Bar Professional Training Course,BPTC)或法律课程的LLM。

第二阶段是法律职业资格课程(LPC),这个阶段通常需要一
年全日制学习。

LPC课程主要教授实践性的法律技能和知识,如诉讼、交易、法律研究和办公室技能等。

完成LPC课程后,学生将获得执业律师资格。

在完成这两个阶段后,学生还需要完成职业法律学习(Period
of Recognized Training,PRT),该阶段包括在执业律师或律
师事务所中的实习期。

实习期的时间通常为两年,并且需要涵盖不同的法律领域和实践技能。

最后,学生需要通过职业资格考试(Professional Skills Course,PSC),该考试旨在测试学生是否具备成为执业律师所需的职
业技能和知识。

完成以上步骤后,学生就可以成为合格的律师,并可以在英国开展执业。

加州律师考试资料

加州律师考试资料

加州律师考试资料
加州律师考试资料主要包括以下内容:
1.加州律师考试大纲:这是最重要的考试资料之一,其中包含了考试的所有主题和要点,是备考过程中必不可少的参考资料。

2.加州法律法规:考生需要熟悉加州的法律法规,包括宪法、刑法、民法、商法等,这些法律法规是考试中经常涉及的内容。

3.历年考题和模拟题:通过做历年考题和模拟题,考生可以了解考试形式和难度,熟悉考试题型和答题技巧,提高备考效率。

4.法律英语词典:由于加州律师考试使用英语进行,考生需要掌握一定的法律英语词汇,因此一本好的法律英语词典也是备考过程中必不
可少的资料。

此外,考生还可以参考一些备考指南和辅导资料,这些资料可以帮助考生制定备考计划,提供备考技巧和方法,解答备考过程中遇到的问题。

需要注意的是,以上资料只是备考加州律师考试所需的一部分,考生还需要根据自己的实际情况和备考计划,选择适合自己的备考资料和方法。

同时,备考过程中也需要注重全面性和系统性,注重理论和实践的结合,注重提高自己的法律素养和综合能力。

另外,对于想要参加加州律师考试的考生,还需要满足一定的报考条件,例如需要具备相应的学历和工作经验等。

具体的报考条件和申请流程可以参考加州律师协会或相关官方机构的官方网站或相关指南。

以上信息仅供参考,如有需要,建议您咨询专业的法律人士或相关机构。

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法律英语
2
Bac频繁 Harlan Fiske Stone
法律英语 3
法律英语
4
Part 1 The Bar
Bar——法庭中将公众与法官、律师 法庭中将公众与法官、 法庭中将公众与法官 及其他诉讼参与人分隔开的隔板 隔板。 及其他诉讼参与人分隔开的隔板。 后来用于通指法律职业或律师职业。 后来用于通指法律职业或律师职业。
Lesson Two Legal Profession 法律职业
法律英语
1
If there were no bad people, there would be no good lawyers. Charles Dickens, British novelist 倘若世上没有坏人,也就不会有好的 倘若世上没有坏人, 律师。 律师。 英国小说家 狄更斯 C
法律英语 15
It is customary to retain local counsel for matters in other jurisdictions. 在其他管辖区保留当地律师的身份是一 在其他管辖区保留当地律师的身份是一 当地律师的身份 惯例。 种惯例。
有些州曾把“本州居民” 有些州曾把“本州居民”规定为申请律 师资格的前提条件。 师资格的前提条件。但联邦最高法院在 1985年裁定这种规定为非法 此外, 年裁定这种规定为非法。 1985年裁定这种规定为非法。此外,在 并不必须是美国公民。 美国担任律师的人并不必须是美国公民 美国担任律师的人并不必须是美国公民。
• After graduating from Amherst College in 1894, he continued on to Columbia University from which he received his law degree in 1898. The next year he was admitted to the New York bar. • 加入纽约律师协会
法律英语 17
A lawyer may not only practice law, but is permitted to engage in any activity that is open to other citizens. 从事律师业务 参加任何其他公民可以参加的活动
法律英语
18
It is not uncommon for practicing lawyer to serve on boards of directors of corporate clients, to engage in business, and to participate actively in public affairs.
法律英语
25
In 1925 he was nominated to the Supreme Court. While on the Court, Stone was a strong supporter of President Roosevelt's New Deal legislation. Roosevelt appointed Stone Chief Justice in 1941. Stone died in 1946 at the age of 73.
法律英语
8
Most require three years of college and a law degree. Each state administers its own written examination to applicants for its bar. 三年大学 法律学位 书面考试
法律英语
13
The rules for admission to practice before the federal courts vary with the courts, 联邦法院执业的要求各州不同 的要求各州不同。 在联邦法院执业的要求各州不同。 but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities. 州最高法院执业的人办理了一些 执业的人办理了一些无关 在州最高法院执业的人办理了一些无关 紧要的手续后可以在联邦法院执业 后可以在联邦法院执业。 紧要的手续后可以在联邦法院执业。
法律英语
首席大 法官
22
Distinguished jurist Harlan Fiske Stone was born on October 11, 1872 in Chesterfield, New Hampshire.
著名法理学家
Harlan Fiske Stone 1872- 1946
法律英语 23
法律英语 9
Almost all states, however, make use of the Multistate Bar Exam, a daylong multi-choice test, to which the states adds a day-long essay examination emphasizing its own law. 各州律师联考 州综合问答题
法律英语 10
• The Multistate Bar Examination (MBE) is a six-hour, twohundred question multiplechoice examination covering contracts, torts, constitutional law, criminal law, evidence, and real property.
法律英语 16
One who moves to another state can usually be admitted without examination if one has practiced in a state where one has been admitted for some time, often five years. 如果一个人已经执业 年以上, 已经执业5 如果一个人已经执业5年以上,那 么当他移居到另外一个州的时候, 么当他移居到另外一个州的时候, 通常不用再参加该州的律师资格考 通常不用再参加该州的律师资格考 就可以获准执业 获准执业。 试就可以获准执业。
法律英语
24
In 1910 Stone became the dean of the Columbia Law School. In 1924 he was appointed by President Coolidge to be Attorney General.
哥伦比亚大学法学院院长 司法部长(总检察长) 司法部长(总检察长)
法律英语 14
A lawyer’s practice is usually confined to a single community for, although a lawyer may travel to represent clients, one is only permitted to practice in a state where one has been admitted. 律师通常在一个地区执业 可以代表当事人到其他州办理事务 只能在获准开业的州从业
法律英语
12
In all, over forty thousand persons succeed in passing these examinations to the bar in their respective states. 每年各州有4万多人通过律师考试 万多人通过律师考试。 每年各州有 万多人通过律师考试。 No apprenticeship is required either before or after admission. 在进入律师行业之前或之后不需要有 学徒经历。 学徒经历。
法律英语
11
A substantial fraction of all applicants succeed on the first try, and many of those who fail pass on a later attempt. 通过第一次考试的人很多,但通过第 通过第一次考试的人很多, 二次考试的人很少。 二次考试的人很少。
最高法院法官 罗斯福新政 最高法院首席大法官
法律英语 26
These is no formal division among lawyers according to function. 美国没有律师职业的划分。 美国没有律师职业的划分。 英国: 英国: Barristers:出庭律师、 :出庭律师、 大律师、 大律师、诉讼律师 Solicitors:诉状律师、 :诉状律师、 小律师、 小律师、非诉律师
法律英语
21
The mobility as well as the sense of public responsibility in the profession is evidence by the career of Harlan Fiske Stone who was, at various times, a successful New York lawyer, a professor and dean of the Columbia School of Law, Attorney General of the United States, and Chief Justice of the United States. 律师 教授 院长 总检 察长
The regulation of the legal profession is primarily the concern of the states, each of which has its own requirements for admission to practice. 对法律职业的管制主要是州政府的事。 对法律职业的管制主要是州政府的事。 各州都有自己的允许律师执业的条件。 允许律师执业的条件 各州都有自己的允许律师执业的条件。
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