如何在课堂上发出有效的英文指令

如何在课堂上发出有效的英文指令作者：Coralyn Bradshaw来源：《英语学习·教师版》2014年第02期在我们学习外语的过程中，教师语言是语言输入的一个重要途径。

研究表明，教师发出足量的、恰当的课堂指令，有助于激起学生的课堂学习积极性，增强师生互动，保持学生注意力，提高语言课堂的教学效果。

因此，在以任务和活动为中心的小学英语课堂上，教师指示语的作用尤其重要。

然而，小学生英语词汇量有限，教师应如何结合身体语言和重复指导，如何调整语言难度，如何检查学生的理解程度，让学生“在做中学”，本文就提高指示语的有效性这一主题提供了不少有用的建议。

You may often hear primary teachers say “Oh， but my pupils are so naughty！” or“When I try to do a song or game with my pupils I lose control！” When I visit primary classrooms I have often heard teachers worry t hat their pupils don’t do what they ask them to， when they give instructions in English. Often teachers quite simply prefer to give instructions in the mother tongue or L1 because they think pupils will not be able to understand instructions given in English. If you are one of those teachers， then the following article might help you！The key to giving good instructions in English lies in：* good planning* good deliveryPlanning your instructionsOf course all primary teachers learn through trying out a new teaching technique out and then reflecting on how effective it was. Here are eight tips to try in order to help you plan your instructions：* Break the instructions into short sentences which contain ONE clear KEY STEP each.* Make sure that all the key steps are in LOGICAL order. You don’t want to confuse pupils by forgetting an important instruction！* Only include ESSENTIAL information that the pupils need for each step of your instructions. It is not necessary for telling them， for example ， what they will do later in the class.* Only use SIMPLE vocabulary and grammatical structures that you know the pupils are familiar with. Control your language so that it is not above the ability of the class.* Plan the GESTURES that you can use with each instruction to support the meaning. For example：“Look！” point to your eye；“Listen！” touch your ear；“Work in pairs！” hold up two fingers together. Your gestures should always be large and even exaggerated.* Don’t forget to REPEAT each step of your instructions more than once as you give it. Not all pupils are listening and looking at you all of the time！ Some pupils might be looking in their pencil case or bag.* Don’t include information about what you are doing， for example：“I’m going to give you a piece of paper”. JUST DO IT！ Extra unnecessary information will only serve to confuse pupils.* Plan what actions you want the pupils to do at each stage of the instructions. Giving instructions which require pupils to do something helps to keep their attention. For example：“Hold up your paper like this”“Now fold the paper like this” Now draw a circle here” etc.Delivering your instructionsOf course， how primary teachers carry out the instructions is really important. Here are four tips to help you：* Wait until you have all the pupils ATTENTION before you start to give your instructions. You can do this by standing very quietly and establishing eye contact around the room， praising those pupils by name who are looking at you.* Use lots of EYE CONTACT as you deliver each step of the instructions to check how the pupils are reacting. This will also help you to know how many times you need to repeat the instruction.* Always use a DEMONSTRATION at the front of the class whenever possible. This can be the teacher or a pair/group of pupils.* Always check that the pupils have UNDERSTOOD by instructions. Asking“ Do you understand ？” is not helpful as pupils usually do not want to look foolish. Check understanding by asking individual pupils to tell you the instructions again in the mother tongue/L1.Giving good instructions always takes a lot of practice，so don’t worry if you don’t get it right on the first try！ You want to ask another teacher to watch you or video you as you teach a class using these instruction techniques. Getting feedback in this way is sure to help your professional development…and your pupils w ill love your classes！你也许常听到小学教师说“噢，可是我的学生太调皮了！”，又或是“我想要让学生一起唱歌或做游戏时，我就会忍不住发脾气！”当我进入小学课堂旁听时，我经常听到教师们有这样的担忧：当他们用英语指示学生做活动时，学生们不会按照指示的去做。

多数情况下，教师们自然倾向于用母语或第一外语发出教学指令，因为他们认为如果用英文进行指示，学生们将无法理解。

若上述情况也发生在你的身上，那么下面这篇文章可能会对你有所帮助！用英文发出有效的指令关键在于：* 制定规划* 有效表达如何规划教学指令所有小学教师都是通过尝试一种新的教学技巧并在实践中反思其有效性而学习和提高的。

此处提供了八个小窍门，可以帮助你规划教学指令：* 使用短句，每一个指令仅包含一个明确的关键步骤。

* 保证所有关键步骤均是按照逻辑顺序排列的。

你不希望由于遗忘了一个重要的指示而令你的学生感到困惑。

* 仅涵盖学生完成每一步指令所必需的信息。

例如，没必要告诉他们应该在课后做什么。

* 仅使用学生已经熟悉了的简单词汇和语法结构。

控制语言难度，保证其不超过全班学生的能力范围。

* 思考有助于理解你的每一个指令含义的手势。

例如：说“Look！”时，指着你的眼睛；说“Listen！”时，摸一摸你的耳朵；说“Work in pairs！”时，把两根手指举起来并在一起。