新世纪研究生公共英语教材 阅读C课后翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读及翻译第二单元
Unit 2Key to ExercisesI. Comprehension Checkl.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B l0.CII. Vocabulary StudyI.l. advocated 2 extravagant 3. vulnerable 4. guru 5. potentia1 6. dispel7. shunned 8. acc1aimed 9. enthusiasts 10. stave off 1l. attendant 12. venturedII.l. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. obso1ete 4. disproved5. foster6. ludicrous7. apparent8. avert9. displaced l0. compatriots 1 l. endeavors l2. hailedIII. (略)III. Clozel.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C ll.B l2.B l3.C l4. C l5. D 16.A l7.B l8. C l9.A 20.CIV. Translationl. Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will Prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality.2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.3. The Internet can help reduce energy consump1ion and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities.4. The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it The problem is that they lack the skills to exp1oit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universa1 Internet access.5. Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.6. If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-Prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings.课文参考译文:因特网不能做什么？1 在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。
新世纪研究生英语综合教程(第五版)课后翻译
新世纪研究生英语教程翻译Unit 1我静静地躺着，等待着。
突然，窗外的生机引起了我的注意：昆虫在合鸣；邻居坐在阳台上，直到深夜，他们说话的声音有些模糊，那声音让我平静下来。
我闻到了新割的青草的气息。
还有一种说不清的声音--可能是树枝扫过隔壁店铺的屋顶吧。
Lying still, waiting, I suddenly notice the life outside the window. The bugs sing in chorus. Neighbors, sitting on their verandas until late, speak in hazy words with sanded edges that soothe me. I catch the scent of fresh grass clippings. Then I hear something I can't decode-perhaps a tree branch raking the shop roof next door.Unit 2根据政府统计，美国现有一亿一千多万辆汽车，一千五百万商业用车或卡车。
更多的人口也就意味着更多的汽车。
到二十一世纪二十年代末，美国人口和汽车都将是今天的两倍。
二十年后，个人平均收入也将是今天的二点五倍。
如果把这增加的收入花在更多更大型的轿车、更宽大的房子上，花在增加其他商品的消费上，就必然导致资源枯竭和污染。
According to government statistics, in the United States, there are over l10 million cars and 15 million commercial vehicles or trucks. And "more people" means "more cars". By the end of the twenties of the twenty-first century, the population of the United States will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as well. And in twenty years' time the per capita income will also be 2.5 times higher than it is now. If this increased income is spent on more and larger automobiles, larger houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution.Unit 3克隆研究正在挑战人们对于基因的许多传统认识。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文(正确版)概述
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文上课篇章：1、3、4、5、7、11、13、14Unit one1.人文学科是否只是一种无用的装饰品，是我们陈旧过时的教育体系中发育不全的附属体?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性?我们究竟该不该在学校里不厌其烦地教授人文学科?这些是常常困扰教育家和理性思想家的问题.让我们在更宽的范国内研究这些问题.因为我们文化遗产的传承在一定程度上取决于对这些问题的回答。
2.人文学科不是一种单纯的工具，也不会促成一般意义上的进步。
无论从广泛的文化意义上还是从狭隘的学术意义上讲。
人文学科的价值更富有个性和永久性。
不管哪一代，总有人会在这世上碰上书籍、音乐、艺术品和剧院，并本能地被这些东西所吸引。
这些人长大后，对他们所喜欢的东西形成了一种根深蒂固的嗜好，也偏爱和他们有着同样爱好的人。
而更多的人，尽管不那么专注，但也时也表现出对艺术活动有相似的爱好。
这两个群体的人已经足以让其他人感受到他们所欣赏的东西在印常生活中的存在。
3.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面;于是报纸和杂志重现照片，复述历史，评论艺术(不管是古老的还是当代的)，批评音乐和书籍，撰写有关艺术家生活和思想的文章——简言之，去迎合少数人的需求，而这少数人以他们奇特的品味影响着我们所有的人。
4.于是，公共图书馆、博物馆、公园音乐会还有餐间广播节目把这些特殊内容的产物（像人们所谓的那样)“提供给所有的人”。
因此，当我们老生常谈地说是科学主宰现代世界的时候，我们必须立即加上这么一句话:是艺术赋予了这同一世界形状和色彩；它最悦耳的声音和意义是由音乐和诗歌赋予的，它的类别、特征、流行口号是由哲学、小说和历史斌予的。
假设所有献身人文学科的人突然隐居到修道院里，随身带走了属于他们自己的全部东西，那么，我们所熟悉的这个日常的世界将会在我们惊愕的面孔前变成一种荒凉、黑暗、死寂的东西，毫无感官魅力，除了现实的需求和通过机械手段满足这些需求以外，就没有任何别的意义了。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材 阅读C课后翻译
课后Unit 11．Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time when perhaps the converse should be ture?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性？2．Thus the art of architecture and its decoration—the post-office mural or the restored Williamsburg –are forced on millions who, left to themselves, might live in a cave or a tent.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面。
3．On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面上来看，这些用途是个人的而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。
4．We may acknowledge the desirability of devoting human energies to killing viruses and improving our neighbors; but it does not follow that all rewards and research funds should go to projects for the immediate relief of pain and sorrow .我们可以赞赏把人类精力投入到杀死病毒并改善我们邻里环境的愿望，但是这并不意味着所有的奖赏和研究基金都应该分配给旨在立即消除疼痛和悲伤的项目上去。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit6
新世纪研究⽣公共英语阅读C译⽂unit6⼈体研究欧⽂-S-李对于⼈体的研究——甚⾄是科学的研究——是古⽼⽽可敬的，可以追溯到亚⾥斯多德时代，希波克拉底时代，再往前还可以追溯到更加模糊的开始。
今天，它是知识界的主要学科之⼀。
像我们的其他活动⼀样，它可以分为两⽅⾯：成功的⼀⽅⾯和不成功的⼀⽅⾯。
在⼴义上，考虑到许多重要的例外情况，可以说⼈体研究成功的⼀⽅⾯与医学有关，⽽它的不成功的⼀⽅⾯与哲学和社会科学有关。
这些关系不仅与历史有关，⽽且也与⽅法、态度和传统有关。
医学的以及医学科学的成功绝⾮轻⽽易举的事情；在经历了⽆数次失败之后，它们是许许多多熟练的内科医⽣中最优秀最幸运的那些⼈留下来的遗产和成果。
尽管常常受到迂腐、⽆能和江湖骗术的妨碍，在邪恶时代，它们甚⾄长期桎梏医学知识的积累，然⽽⾃从希波克拉底以来，⾄少没有完全放弃熟练⾏医的传统⼀⼀⼀种理论和实践相结合的传统。
这个传统是不可或缺的，尤其是在以下三个⽅⾯。
⾸先，希波克拉底教导我们，医⽣应该在病房⾥⽽不是在实验室⾥付出艰⾟的持久的智慧的负责任的不懈的劳动，即医⽣全⾝⼼地适应这项⼯作。
这种适应远远不只是聪明不聪明的问题，它主要是通过建⽴条件反射来实现的。
在熟悉任何材料或者掌握任何媒介的有效⼯作⽅法时，这样的东西似乎是必不可少的⼀部分。
第⼆，希波克拉底教会我们准确地观察事物和事件；根据熟悉的明显的反复出现的现象做出判断，在这⼀判断的指导下做出选择；对事物和事件进⾏分类，有条不紊地利⽤它们。
第三，希波克拉底教会我们审慎地构建⼀种理论——并不是哲学理论，也不是漫⽆边际的想像，更不是准宗教教条，⽽是⼀种朴实⽆华、路⼈皆知的东西。
或许我这样说更好⼀些：是⼀种有⽤的帮助⼈⾏⾛的拐杖。
所有这些总结起来就是：内科医⽜⾸先必须对于事物有亲⾝的习惯性的直觉的了解；第⼆，对于事物必须有系统的认识；第三，必须有⼀种有效的思考事物的⽅法。
经验表明，此乃通向成功之路。
长期以来，在研究疾病的时候⼈们⼀直遵循这⼀⽅法，然⽽在研究⽇常⽣活中他经历时⼏乎根本没有遵循过。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit3
广告时代马歇尔〃麦克卢汉迄今为止 , 大多数人一定看过这样一幅广告 : 一位克利夫顿〃韦布模样的男士穿着一件白色衬衣 , 一只眼睛上蒙着黑眼罩。
在仅仅几星期的时间里 , 这幅广告就推销了一百万件 " 哈瑟维 " 牌衬衣。
然而很少有人试问过为什么会这样。
广告是一件抽象艺术 , 是不折不扣的象征主义。
据说普通人在艺术画廊里看到广告时会怒不可遏 , 但是它在市场上的确管用。
这一点绝非偶然。
无论在理论上还是在实践上 , 象征主义诗歌和绘画都神秘莫测 , 能够把相互没有逻辑关系的东西联系起来。
现代广告就是一种魔法(5 秒钟之内甜蜜接吻 ), 它采用了象征主义艺术的各种手法。
它是天方夜谭般的世界 , 有阿拉丁的神灯和魔仆 , 从瓶子里钻出来为我们效劳。
在这个世界上 , 就像在欧玛尔〃海亚姆的世界里一样 , 事物的令人悲伤的格局事实上永远是按照心灵的愿望铸造的。
广告创造的图文并茂五颜六色的人造环境的阵势如此强大 , 以至于人们都已习惯于生活在广告所宣传的未来世界里。
不满足于现实生活 , 他们就生活在未来的日子里 , 那时候有人替他们付冰箱的钱 , 那时候一套美容程序和心理分析将给他们的生活带来浪漫和成功。
广告创造了一个希望之乡。
像可口可乐或红吉士这些全国性品牌的商品各有办法建立一种图腾制度。
图腾社会是靠图腾植物或图腾动物维系在一起的。
单独一个人就不是袋鼠家族或部落的一个成员 , 他只是一只袋鼠 , 他和他的弟兄们一起参与袋鼠的集体生活 , 这是一种神秘的群体或参与。
广告能够调动起集体情感 , 为群体参与制定了全国性品牌。
有人告诉我们 :" 使用著名品牌 , 你会更有满足感。
" 使用在全国范围内广告的一种汽车、饮料、烟或者食品 , 会给人一种属于某种比他更大的整体的感觉 , 他成了包含他滋养他的一个过程或文化的一部分。
广告就能产生这种不理智的吸引力 , 这种吸引力的基础更强化了他那神秘的群体归属感。
新世纪研究生英语阅读教材第二版c课后题答案
新世纪研究生英语阅读教材第二版c课后题答案1、Can you tell me how the accident _______? [单选题] *A. came about(正确答案)B. came backC. came downD. came from2、My mother and my aunt are both _______. They work in a big supermarket. [单选题] *A. actressesB. doctorsC. salesmenD. saleswomen(正确答案)3、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told4、What lovely weather,（）? [单选题] *A.is itB. isnt it(正确答案)C. does itD.doesn’t it5、We haven't heard from him so far. [单选题] *A. 到目前为止(正确答案)B. 一直C. 这么远D. 这么久6、The relationship between employers and employees has been studied（）. [单选题] *A. originallyB. extremelyC. violentlyD. intensively(正确答案)7、There are many_____desks in the room. [单选题] *rge old brown(正确答案)B.old large brownrge brown oldD.brown old large8、The beautiful sweater _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took9、The work will be finished _______ this month. [单选题] *A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. at the end of(正确答案)10、( ) ----Would you like___ tea? ----No, thanks. I have drunk two____. [单选题] *A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orange(正确答案)C. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges11、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *A. whichB. whatC. howD. that(正确答案)12、We should have breakfast every day to keep ______. [单选题] *A. healthB. healthy(正确答案)C. healthilyD. the healthy13、My brother is _______ actor. He works very hard. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. one14、People always _____ realize the importance of health _____ they lose it. [单选题] *A. not... untilB. don't... until(正确答案)C. /; untilD. /; not until15、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after16、10．Mum, let me help you with your housework, so you ________ do it yourself. [单选题] * A．don’t need to(正确答案)B．need toC．don’t needD．need17、Mary is interested ______ hiking. [单选题] *A. onB. byC. in(正确答案)D. at18、Once you get on the road, here are some traffic _______ to remember. [单选题] *A. problemsB. positionsC. rules(正确答案)D. points19、87．—Could you? ? ? ? ? ? me the way to the nearest hospital?—Sure. [单选题] *A．askB．tell(正确答案)C．talkD．speak20、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as21、It ______ me half an hour to return to school.（）[单选题] *A. takes(正确答案)B. spendsC. costsD. brings22、- I haven't been to Guilin yet.- I haven t been there, ______. [单选题] *A. tooB. alsoC. either(正确答案)D. neither23、39．—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] *A．look atB．think aboutC．think of(正确答案)D．look through24、Customers see location as the first factor when_____a decision about buying a house. [单选题] *A.makeB.to makeC.making(正确答案)D.made25、The green shorts are _______ sale for ＄[单选题] *A. forB. on(正确答案)C. atD. with26、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心27、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few28、He does ______ in math.（）[单选题] *A. goodB. betterC. well(正确答案)D. best29、John is fond of playing _____ basketball and Jack is keen on playing _____ piano. [单选题] * A．/…the(正确答案)B．the…/C．/…/D．the…the30、I’d?like _______ the English club. [单选题] *A. to join inB. joinC. to join(正确答案)D. join in。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit11
颜色、神话及符号的语言罗杰〃巴斯迪德颜色之中蕴含着什么?答案是：内中蕴意丰富多彩。
千百年来，一些特定的颜色一直被用来表示一定的品质或条件。
在远古时代，深红色是帝王的专用色，正像如今远东地区黄色象征皇家一样。
在讲英语的人的心目中，蓝色代表智慧与精神真理，红色代表勇敢。
人们经常赋予颜色以精神或宗教方面的意义。
尽管人们公认颜色具有象征意义，但象征意义本身却是一个见仁见智的问题。
一部分人，如1938年出版的《象征意义的颜色》一书的作者弗雷德里克〃波特尔．认为颜色在一切历史阶段对所有人都有着同样的意义，比如，白色象征神圣的智慧，红色象征爱情。
但是，通读波特尔的著作，我们就会发现，除个别例子以外，他书中的例证均取自同一文化地区。
如果将这项研究延及世界其他各地，我们会遇到同样的传统还是会发现不同的象征意义呢?再说，这些意义系统归根结底是以实际观察为基础的吗?换句话说，颜色的象征意义是否确有其真实的依据呢?若有，我们应该从外在的、肉眼所见的东西里寻找这种意义呢，还是从人类自身去寻找呢，比方说，我们应该将红色的象征意义归结为它是血液的颜色呢，还是归结为红色物体对人的神经系统所产生的刺激效果呢?心理分析学家近来尝试着解决这一问题，他们试图通过集体里比多理论将单个颜色的象征意义与其传统的象征意义结合起来，集体里比多是指一种能量或动力，它或源于弗洛伊德所说的性本能，或源于容格所说的原始的、全体的生存本能。
很明显，大自然的某些特征，如天空的蔚蓝，草木的葱绿，会在不同种族或文化的人们心中引发相同的情感，既而产生类似的象征意义。
研究表明，不同波长的光线对人的神经系统有相似的作用。
运用这一知识，医生有时用红色来治疗天花或给刚动完手术的病人用蓝色绷带。
精神病学已证实了这一做法是有效的。
研究精神病人所作的画就可以发现，他们在绘画中所用的颜色与其情感行为的变化相对应，而且在周期性精神病中，深色期与浅色期交替出现。
然而，无论自然或情感，它们所能做的只不过是给大脑提示某种事物，并不能成为统一的象征符号系统的基础。
研究生公共英语阅读C课后翻译
Unit 1Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Science is also called natural science to distinguish it from other branches of learning. Science is concerned with nature, that is, with knowledge of the characteristics and operations of any and all natural things and happenings. Science embraces all of nature, and expresses our best ideas of how natural phenomena are related to each other and are to be formed into what is called the universe.Science has many characteristics, and to understand what science is requires a detailed examination of these properties and peculiarities.A number of writers have asserted that science is really only a method—the scientific method. Such a definition is an over simplification, but it is certain that the scientific method plays a very important role in determining the nature of scientific knowledge.My bag is like a ball.What is your bag like?Unit 3Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim is hardly believable. It is almost impossible not to read advertisements these days. Just think what fun they often provide! Imagine what a bus and railway station would be like without advertisements? Would you enjoy gazin g helplessly at a blank wall while waiting for a bus or train? Would you like to read a daily paper closely-printed with columns of news?A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, radio or television stations could not subsist without this source of revenue .The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many programs on air is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustn't forget is the "small ads” which are in virtually every newspaper. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about everything can be accomplished through these columns, for instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death. It’s the advertisement amon g the advertisements.Unit 4Few great names in music spell as much magic to the average concert-goers as that of Tschaikovsky. In almost every musical form will be found a work of his ranking high in popularity. And quite deservedly so. Tschaikovsky's music is filled with a warm humanity and stirring drama. The themes and feelings are easy to grasp. The personal, intimate note is so strong in this music that we find it natural, while listening to the Pathetic Symphony or the Nutcracker Ballet Suite, for example, to share Tschaikovsky's joys and sorrows. His music seems to take us into his confidence and show us the secret places of his heart. Although Tschaikovsky's range of moods is wide----from the whimsical play of light fantasy to stormy outcries of anguish ---- essentially he was a melancholy man, in his music as in his life. Perhaps it is the genuineness of his music in conveying strong emotions and suffering that has draw n millions to his symphonies and concertos. A frank sincerity and warm-heartedness flow from his music. The best of his melodies linger hauntingly, in the mind and heart. As long as sincere feeling expressed in sincere artistic form can move the hearts of men, Tschaikovsky's music will continue to hold a high place in the concert hall and opera house.Only Beethoven and Mozart can rival Tschaikovsky in the number of compositions in various musical forms that stands out as repertory favorites. Tschaikovsky's violin concerto is as much a“request”item as Beethoven’s．The Pathetic Symphony ranks with the three or four enduring favorites of the repertory．Tschaikovsky's Nutcracker ballet is probably the most popular suite of its kind in music．Unit 5For anthropologists, culture includes much more than refinement, taste, sophistication, education, and appreciation of the fine arts. Not only college graduates but all people are cultured. The most interesting and significant forces are those which affect people every day of their lives, particularly those which influence children during enculturation.Culture, as defined anthropologically, encompasses features that are sometimes regarded as trivial or unworthy of serious study, such as "popular " culture. To understand contemporary American culture, we must consider television, fast-food restaurants, sports, and games. As a cultural manifestation, a rock star may be as interesting as a symphony conductor, a comic book as significant as a book-award winner.All human populations have culture, which is therefore a generalizedpossession of the genus homo. This is Culture (capital C) in the general sense, a capacity and possession shared by hominids. However, anthropologists also should use the word culture to describe the different and varied cultural traditions of specific societies. This is culture in the specific sense (small c). Humanity shares a capacity for culture, but people live in particular cultures, where they are enculturated along different lines. All people grow up in the presence of a particular set of cultural rules transmitted over the generations. These are the specific cultures or cultural traditions that anthropologists study.Unit 7We live in a materialistic society and are nurtured from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions --"mine" and "yours" -- are clearly labeled from earlychildhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. However, it is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of the industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means: goods are made to be discarded. -You no sooner acquire this year's model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, for example, to a bigger wage packet. The demand for hi-tech personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and "fringe benefits" are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the "brain drain", the phenomena in which highly skilled people offer their service to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.Unit 11We all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means "tradition" and red means "social change". But blue can also mean sadness, and white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding. In western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors and often do that according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and pure, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty).Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity. In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.Unit 13It is all very well for the political theorists in their armchair to argue that an individual must struggle for what he or she believes in. but who is actually going to suffer most in the struggle? It is rarely the theorists themselves. Such an important factor as this cannot be ignored in the argument.In the current world it has perhaps become increasingly futile to use force to settle a dispute, although there have been continuous international conflicts since World War II. On the other hand, it is as apparent today as it ever was that any individual or group of people with ideas or notions which they advocate enthusiastically may defend them, even to the point where armed force is applied.In those states which have a long-established tradition of settling dispute by constitutional or legal means, the individual has no need to resort to aggression to defend his or her beliefs, or to convince others of their validity. The battles can be fought in courtrooms, unbearable as the delays might often be. In general, in all states where there is human justice, any individual with a fundamental grievance against another individual, an institution, a law, or even the state itself, has a fair chance of put ting it right, if he or she has patience and a deep enough belief.If, however, we interpret the expression “one must fight for what one believes in” to mean “using armed force”, or “taking the law into one’s hands”, irrespective of circumstances, then there is evidently more damage than gain in conflicts which require the use of the increasingly lethal weaponry of our times.In many cases the grievances of the ordinary individual, or groups of people, may be exploited for the political, religious, economic, or imperialistic aims of a manipulating power group. In various so-called “popular movements”, ordinary, peace-loving people may be encouraged by a political dictator or by unscrupulous agitators to take part in lawless acts. In this case, ordinary people who were encouraged to overthrowwhat they were persuaded to believe was an oppressive regime will not necessarily enjoy more civil liberties under a new extremist rule. Thus the struggle was futile.Unit 14"We live in a day," said professor Whitehead, "when civilization is shifting its basic outlook; a major turning point in history where the pre-suppositions on which society is structured are being analyzed, sharply challenged, and profoundly changed."However, too many people fail to remain awake through great periods of social change. So our very survival depends on our ability to stay awake, to adjust to new ideas, to remain vigilant and to face the challenge of change. We must work passionately and indefatigably to bridge the gulf between our scientific progress and our moral progress. One of the great problems of mankind is that we suffer from a poverty of the spirit which stands in glaring contrast to our scientific and technological abundance. The richer we have become materially, the poorer we have become morally and spiritually. Every man lives in two realms, the internal and the external. The internal is that realm of spiritual ends expressed in art, literature, morals and religion. The external is that complex of devices, techniques, mechanisms and instrumentalities by means of which we live. Our problem today is that we allowed the internal to become lost in the external. We have allowed the means by which we live to outdistance the ends for which we live. This is the serious predicament, the deep and haunting problem, confronting modern man.IV. TranslationSocial morality is illusive and difficult to define. According to the theory of the proponents of moral relativism, right and wrong, good and bad, justice and injustice are relative values which are not subject to objective or consistent definition, They assert that moral values are determined by the society or culture within which the individual is socialized, and that the prevailing social norms will determine what a person believes and how he behaves toward his fellowman.Social morality depends upon man's capacity to give and to receive love, to be kind and to be empathic. Kindness may be viewed as the generalized expression off love, concern and sensitivity in interpersonal relations. A kind person seeks to be helpful. Empathy is the ability to feel into and to identify with the needs of another human being. An empathic person shares another's concerns, joys, anguish, despair, frustrations, hopes and aspirations as if they are his own. Empathy, unlike love, is not concrete and primary but rather requires the capacity for abstract thought. Empathy is not possible for an egocentric or animalistic human organism. Without empathy, social morality, social responsibility, justice, and human society itself wouldnot be possible. A person should value critical and independent thought above subjection to authority; value individuality and creativity above conformity and packaged opinions; value evidence of concern, commitment and social sensitivity above personal acceptance and mere social success.（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit7
工作、休闲和新阶级约翰〃肯尼思〃加尔布雷斯在一个财富与日俱增的高度富足的社会，就工作而言，有三种看似合理的趋势。
随着商品生产的需要变得越来越不迫切，随着个人不再迫切需要收入来购买商品，他们一周的工作时数或天数就可以减少，或者他们用不着很卖力地工作，或者作为最后一种可能性，整个时间干活的人数就比以往减少。
减少一周的工作时间，这是对于产品边际需求日益减少所做出的看似极其合理的反应。
不幸的是，按照一般人的看法，好像减少工作时敷成了对财富日益增加的惟一合法反应。
至少部分情况是这样的，因为投有人从商品越来越不重要这个角度去正视过这个问题。
因此，尽管我们已经认识到休闲的价值，但是仍然有一些事情还是行不通，这些事情似乎同人们对于生产效率的普遍态度发生了更直接的冲突。
在一个理性的、关心其成员幸福的社会里，这些可供选择的方法很值得考虑。
目前的工业体系和一个世纪甚至25年前的情况大不一样。
这一进步是多种力量作用的结果：政府制定标准，工厂实施检查，技术和农业方面取得全面进步，人们对于生产力只能通过机器取代繁重的重复性手工劳动这一事实的认识，竞争劳动力的需要，工会干预督促提高工资减少工作时间改进工作条件等等。
然而，除了推动生产力这一点，力争使工作变得更加愉快的这一努力必须提供大量的证据，才能证明它是值得的。
如果要改善危险的、对身体有害的或是令人作呕的工作环境，这是允许的；(雇主对雇工提出的)增产而不增加工资的要求有可能或多或少地遭到抵制。
然而需要回答的问题倒不是什么舒适，而是什么对身体有害，或者起码是什么尤其累人。
追求更多安逸的倾向无可厚非，不过我们坚决反对认为一个人在工作的时候应该尽量少干活这样一种观点。
这里又涉及到一些陈旧的人生态度。
我们非常怀疑任何希望付出少于最大努力的倾向，因为付出最大努力一直是一种主要的经济美德。
即便如此，基本问题依然没有解决：追求更多安逸的纯粹表面理由不及把工作时间变得更加舒适的理由那么令人信服。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材 阅读A 一~七单元翻译
Unit 1A Young Boy’s AmbitionⅣ. Translation1.他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。
His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.2.一架波音747飞机没有升到足够的高度以飞越那座高山，转瞬间一头撞向大山爆炸了。
机上无人生还。
A Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to clear the moun tain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident.3.学生们可以很容易地获得图书馆的资源，所以他们应该充分地利用好图书馆。
Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it. 4.当时世界上最豪华的游轮泰坦尼克号在她前往美国的途中撞到了冰山，结果轮船沉没在大西洋中，成百上千的人死于这场海难。
Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5.每年夏天，游客们都涌向这一著名的海滩。
来此享受日光浴的游客像沙丁鱼一样挤满了海滩。
Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.6.他们曾经到圣路易斯去过一次，对于那把的新奇食物稍微知道一个大概，可是现在他们的光荣时代已成过去了。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit14
意义的结构苏珊娜〃K〃兰格如今，一出生就能从其生活环境中获得精神支持的人差不多寥寥无几，只有那些具有一定想象力和相当智力的人才能在内心勾画出这样一种环境并刻意去追求它。
他们是那些极少数为现实环境所吸引的人，这种现实环境中包含他们最根本的人生象征，规定他们的行为，这些行为逐渐可以获得习俗的价值。
经常出海的人热爱他们艰辛的生活；尽管这种生活有许多美德，却无法解释清楚它的意义。
然而，正是这种危险的职业让他们感到安全，正是这种颠沛流离的生活让他们感到自在。
大海和轮船，天空和风暴，还有港湾，在某种意义上，它们都包含了某些象征，透过这些象征他们能够领悟出这个世界的意义和价值，也就是我们所说的受苦的“理由”，它们是一种综合的生活观念。
有了这样的观念，才会过理性的生活。
任何一个热爱自己职业的人不仅仅因为它有用才热爱它，他热爱它是因为职业好像具有某种“意义”。
藐视世界以便可以写作或宣讲自己所知为科学真理的东西的学者、宁死也不反对雅典的希腊哲学家、把妇女选举权看做是一种“事业”因此饱受嘲弄和惩罚的女权主义者，他们都表明现实行为像各种习俗一样，完全有超越自身，获得超个人行为价值的倾向，它们是取代了屈膝、跪拜、献祭、圣舞的祈祷形式。
一种面向物质和现实社会的思想倾向，不管是由于何种有意识或无意识的象征符号，在环境的重压下，在面临严峻问题时，都能表现得从容自如。
它的生命在符号功能与象征功能之间自如灵活地往来穿梭，在感官诠释、语言反应、推断、记忆、富有想象力的前瞻、事实性知识以及悄无声息的鉴别之间不断交替。
晚上，梦境来临，消除自我表现欲望的重负；天亮之时，梦境在晨光初现时飘然而去。
而思想进一步表现自我的方式则被巧妙地融入实际行为的核心。
习俗对它来说是一种针对“神圣”或重要的真实场合所作出的反应。
在这样的思想中，不大会萌发对于〃生活意义”的怀疑，因为现实本身就很有意义：它包含着生与死、罪过与超度的象征。
对于心态平衡、思想活跃而又天资聪慧的人来说，现实就是历史事实，就是庄严的形式，就是无所不包的科学、神话、艺术以及人们喜闻乐见的常识的王国。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材 阅读C课后翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课后翻译课后Unit 11．Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time when perhaps the converse should be ture?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性？2．Thus the art of architecture and its decoration—the post-office mural or the restored Williamsburg –are forced on millions who, left to themselves, might live in a cave or a tent.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面。
3．On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面上来看，这些用途是个人的而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。
4．We may acknowledge the desirability of devoting human energies to killing viruses and improving our neighbors; but it does not follow that all rewards and research funds should go to projects for the immediate relief of pain and sorrow . 我们可以赞赏把人类精力投入到杀死病毒并改善我们邻里环境的愿望，但是这并不意味着所有的奖赏和研究基金都应该分配给旨在立即消除疼痛和悲伤的项目上去。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit13
社会与个人约翰〃斯图尔特〃穆勒本文的目的是要阐明一个非常简单的道理，即社会有权力以强迫和管理的方式完全控制个人，不管这种方式是法律惩治的物质力量还是公众舆论的道德谴责。
这个原则是，无论个人，还是集体，人类干涉其任何一位成员的行为自由的唯一目的是为了自我保护；在违背个人意愿的情况下，对文明社会的任何一位成员合法行使权利的唯一目的是为了阻止他伤害别人。
他本人的利益，无论是物质方面的还是道德方面的，都不足以成为理由。
不能因为这样做对他有好处，能给他带来更多的快乐，或者因为在别人看来这样做是明智的甚至是正确的，就合法地，强制他去做或去忍受。
要同他争论或讲道理，要劝说他，这些都是充分的理由，但是这不能成为为了防止他干出格的事情而强迫他或用任何对其不利的行为来惩罚他的理由。
为证明其合理性，所采取的阻止他的行为必须在他人看来能够带来不良的后果。
对任何人而言，他的行为仅仅只是对社会负有责任的那部分才与他人有关。
仅关涉他自己的那部分行为，他当然是绝对独立的。
就其自身，他的肉体和灵魂而言，个人是至高无上的。
也许无需指出，该学说仅适用于各种能力已经成熟的人，我们不是指孩子或者年龄低于法律所承认的成年年龄的人。
那些依然受别人监护的人不仅需要保护，以免受到外来的伤害，而且他们自己的行为也需要受到保护。
同样的道理，我们可以不考虑那些落后的部落，在这样的部落里种族本身被认为是处于未成年时期。
有关自发进步的早期困难是如此之大，以至于几乎没有什么可以选择的办法来克服它们。
所以富有改良精神的统治者就有理由使用任何可以实现其目的的权宜之计，否则这个目的也许就无法实现。
专制政治是对付野蛮人的合法政府形式，只要这样做的目的是为了改良他们，一旦真正实现了这一目的，所采取的措施也就是正当的。
作为一种法则，在人类还不能通过自由平等的讨论来改良自身之前，自由不能用来处理任何事态。
在此之前，他们所能做的事情只能是盲目地服从阿克巴或查理曼式的统治者，假如他们很幸运有这样一位统治者的话。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课后习题翻译
Unit 1Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Science is also called natural science to distinguish it from other branches of learning. Science is concerned with nature, that is, with knowledge of the characteristics and operations of any and all natural things and happenings. Science embraces all of nature, and expresses our best ideas of how natural phenomena are related to each other and are to be formed into what is called the universe.Science has many characteristics, and to understand what science is requires a detailed examination of these properties and peculiarities. A number of writers have asserted that science is really only a method—the scientific method. Such a definition is an oversimplification, but it is certain that the science method plays an important role in determining the nature of scientific knowledge.Unit 3Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim is hardly believable. It is almost impossible not to read advertisements these days. Just think what fun they often provide! Imagine what a bus and railway station would be like without advertisements? Would you enjoy gazing helplessly at a bank wall while waiting for a bus or train? Would you like to read a daily paper closely-printed with columns of news? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, radio or television stations could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper can enjoy so many programs on air is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn’t forget is the “small ads” which are in virtually every newspaper. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community!Just about everything can be accomplished through these columns, for instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death. It’s the advertisement among the advertisements.Unit fourFew great names in music spell as much magic to the average concert-goer as that of Tachaikowsky. In almost every musical from will be found a work of his ranking high in popularity. And quite deservedly so. Tschaikowsky’s music is filled with a warm humanity and stirring drama. The themes and feeling are easy to grasp. The personal, intimate note is so strong in this music that we find it natural, while listening to the Pathetic Symphony or the Nutcracker Ballet Suite, for example, to share Tschaikowsky’s joys and sorrows. His music seems to take us into his confidence and show us the secret places of his heart. Although Tschaikowsky’s range of moods is wide—from the whimsical play of light fantasy to stormy outcries of anguish—essentially he was a melancholy man, in his music as in his life. Perhaps it is the genuineness of his music in conveying strong emotions and suffering that has drawn millions to his symphonies and concertos. A frank sincerity and warm-heartedness flow from his music. The best of his melodies linger hauntingly in the mind and heart. As long as sincere feeling expressed in sincere artistic from can move the hearts of men, Tschaikowsky’s music will continue to hold a high place in the concert hall and opera house.Only Beethoven and Mozart can rival Tschaikowsky in the number of compositions in various musical forms that stands out as repertory favorites. Tschaikowsky’s violin concerto is as much a “request”item as Beethoven’s. The Pathetic Symphony ranks with the three or four enduring favorites of the repertory. Tschaikowsky’s Nutcracker ballet is probably the most popular suite of its kind in music.Unit sixEmphasis on “practicalities” is being characterized by the subordination of the social sciences to the natural sciences. History is seen not as essential experience to be transmitted to new generations, but as abstractions that carry stale odors. Art is regarded as something that calls for indulgence or patronage and that has no place among the practical realities. Political science is viewed more as a specialized subject for people who want to go into politics than as an opportunity for citizens to develop a knowledgeable relationship with the systems by which human societies are governed. Finally, literature and philosophy are assigned the role of intellectual adornments that have nothing to do with “genuine” education.Noting is more valuable for anyone who has had a professional or vocational education than to be able to deal with abstractions or complexities, or to feel comfortable with subtleties of thought or language, or to think logically. The doctor who knows only about disease is at a disadvantage compared with the doctor who knows at least as much about people as he does about pathological organisms.For the technologist, the engineering of co-operation can be just as important as the engineering of moving parts.The social sciences would be expandable only if the human past never existed or had noting to tell us about the present; if thought processes were irrelevant to the achievement of purpose; if creativity was beyond the human mind and had nothing to do with the joy of living; if human relationships were random aspects of life; if human beings never had to cope with panic or pain, or if they never had to anticipate the connection between cause and effect; if all the mysteries of mind and nature were fully probed.Unit sevenWe live in a materialistic society and are nurtured from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions—“mine” and “yours” —are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. However, it not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of the industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means: goods are made to be discarded. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, for example, to a bigger wage packet. The demand for hi-tech personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the “brain drain”, the phenomena in which highly skilled people offer their service to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.Unit elevenWe all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means “tradition” and red means “social change”. But blue can also mean sadness, and white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding. In Western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty.).Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.In prehistoric times, activity as rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.. ..。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文(正确版)
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课文译文上课篇章：1、3、4、5、7、11、13、14Unit one1.人文学科是否只是一种无用的装饰品，是我们陈旧过时的教育体系中发育不全的附属体?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性?我们究竟该不该在学校里不厌其烦地教授人文学科?这些是常常困扰教育家和理性思想家的问题.让我们在更宽的范国内研究这些问题.因为我们文化遗产的传承在一定程度上取决于对这些问题的回答。
2.人文学科不是一种单纯的工具，也不会促成一般意义上的进步。
无论从广泛的文化意义上还是从狭隘的学术意义上讲。
人文学科的价值更富有个性和永久性。
不管哪一代，总有人会在这世上碰上书籍、音乐、艺术品和剧院，并本能地被这些东西所吸引。
这些人长大后，对他们所喜欢的东西形成了一种根深蒂固的嗜好，也偏爱和他们有着同样爱好的人。
而更多的人，尽管不那么专注，但也时也表现出对艺术活动有相似的爱好。
这两个群体的人已经足以让其他人感受到他们所欣赏的东西在印常生活中的存在。
3.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面;于是报纸和杂志重现照片，复述历史，评论艺术(不管是古老的还是当代的)，批评音乐和书籍，撰写有关艺术家生活和思想的文章——简言之，去迎合少数人的需求，而这少数人以他们奇特的品味影响着我们所有的人。
4.于是，公共图书馆、博物馆、公园音乐会还有餐间广播节目把这些特殊内容的产物（像人们所谓的那样)“提供给所有的人”。
因此，当我们老生常谈地说是科学主宰现代世界的时候，我们必须立即加上这么一句话:是艺术赋予了这同一世界形状和色彩；它最悦耳的声音和意义是由音乐和诗歌赋予的，它的类别、特征、流行口号是由哲学、小说和历史斌予的。
假设所有献身人文学科的人突然隐居到修道院里，随身带走了属于他们自己的全部东西，那么，我们所熟悉的这个日常的世界将会在我们惊愕的面孔前变成一种荒凉、黑暗、死寂的东西，毫无感官魅力，除了现实的需求和通过机械手段满足这些需求以外，就没有任何别的意义了。
新世纪研究生英语课后翻译全
UNIT11. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn't gain enough height to climb the mountain. In a twinkling, it crash into the mountain and blew up .No one survived in the accident.3. Students have easy access to the resource in the library, so they are supposed to make the best of it.4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at the time, hit an iceberg when she was under the way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach, they packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunshine.6. They have been to St.Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the day of their glory was over now, they lapsed into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approached.Unit 21. Some cyber gurus claim that internet will prevent wars reduce pollution and combat various of inequality.2. Although, internet can undeniable fosters communication, it will not put an end to wars. Since wars are by no means cause by the failure of different people to understand each other equality.3. The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution, only if doing things online replace real-world activities.4. The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot afford it the problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it efficiently, therefore, it make more sense to improve universal literacy than universal.5. Thanks to internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information works in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.6. If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away itUNTT 31. Many studies indicate that desert air is so dry that it contains any moisture.2. Although the children form age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws, about 1% of the children still can not read when they have primary school.3. After heared the news, I knew I fell restless again within a fortnight.4. We think unanimously to answer the question, we must look more closely at the faces.5. Though out the world, government at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution.6. Some people think that the objective items, such as multiple choices, should be used for an examination, others do not agree, because they believe that this kind test has some bad effect on students leaning.UNIT 41. I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment form a day is sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster aging process accelerates and the more vulnerable you became to physical and psychological problems.4. Even if you can keep up dieting, you can not reduce to point where you achieve the kind of body shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6. In the part when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a washboard people seldom complained of tiredness. However people fell dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of labor saving devices and convenient transportation.UNIT51. It is generally accepted that the upbringing of the child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.2. Jennifer is the chief of personnel for the New York Herald Tribune, where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.3. It was tw o years ago that Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party, they had been communicating with each other by e-mail since then; the more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her.4. The new measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but also in limiting price increases.5. Similarly, they insufficiently treated the political and economic background of the conspiracy.6. Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the otherUNIT 61. Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.2. The discovery of god in the valley will enrich the mountain area.3. Only when police confronted her with evidence, did she admit that she had stolen the money.4. The meting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.5. An official statement laid to rest remaining fears about the possible redundancies in the industry.6. Mary is pretty bright, as a matter of, her teacher told me that she is certain to get a university place this year.UNIT71. Black people in this area complained to the government that they had been subjected to repeated racial attacks from the local police officers.2. The government officials are inclined to apply the science and technology to short -term projects, which is not beneficial to scientific development.3. The previous manager did not want to invest time and money in training the employees who could leave the company anytime, as a result of which, there was a serious talent drain.4. We are collecting money for repairs to the church roof. If any of you would like to make a contribution, we shall be most grateful.5. The scientists are currently focusing on making experiments, in hope of finding effective methods to cure cancers.6. The speech that the chairman delivered at the conferences made much sense to regain the confidence of employeesUNIT81.Mexico city is one of the most populated cities in the world.2.The finding shows a substantial difference between the opinions of men andwoman.3.I can't remember whether I left my credit card home or in the car.4.We can’t assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they are decided toremain silent.5.The main question that faces Chinese economists at present is how to use the pricelevers and the competition system to direct resources into areas which yield better returns.6.It is assumed that in the next 20 years, the most surprising development will takepace in the space flight. Now space shuttles are being developed and they can be used many times instead of only one.UNIT 91. On those days and nights when I was waiting for the results of the Entrance Examination, my heart was filled with wonder (or uncertainty). I wondered what the future held for me, of surprise and excitement or disappointment and sorrow.2. The little girl ran swiftly to catch up with her mother and stretched out her hand to her mother, crying for more candies and drinks. But the mother persisted that they had bought enough.3. His wife was sent into the operation room. He walked to and fro outside, smoking one cigarette after another. When he saw the door opened, he felt a thrill of tenseness.4. Under the gaze of his colleagues, he flushed with embarrassment and bowed his head. He casually took up a newspaper and hid hi face behind it, pretending to be reading it.5. They fixed all their attention on the research project on hand. They believed that as long as they didn’t lose heart, they would s ucceed in these experiments in time.6.She had just given birth to an infant when her husband left/deserted her. In despair, she shut herself and the infant in a room, claiming that they would perish together. Thanks to the policemen who came in time, the mother and the daughter escaped death by a hair’s breath (or had a narrow escape).UNTI 101. We must figure out how to solve the tissue-rejection problem.2. His behavior under fire approved him a man of courage.3. In addition to the impressiveness of the settings, there is use of the camera that at times seems magical.4. At first, no ready technical data were available, but we managed to go without.5. She has some difficulty in giving shape to her ideas. But she resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.6. The most part of their designs corresponds to actual needs and regulations on environmental demand, the other part needs reconsideringUNIT111. The main concern of the people is that if China's urban economy can not join international intercourse, our country will be in a disadvantageous situation in the world market.2. Smuggling operations not only disorder out markets, and evade custom duty, but also harm the survival and development of national industry.3. To promote the rapid development of economy the government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the economy.4. This popular theory must be discarded in the light of new findings for the benefit of the majority of the people.5. In order to protect the environment, traditional farming methods are coming into use in many areas in Europe.6. Because of the time limit and the shortage of human resources, the firm has not yet managed to find new premises that are suitable for their purpose.UNIT121. Electronic communication tools facilitate information sharing by enabling people to send one another messages, files, data and images.2. The only way to differentiate yourself from the competition is through service.3. The less there is to justify a traditional custom, the harder it is to get rid of it.4. In high school, students should build on their prior knowledge, learning more-varied and more-sophisticated problem-solving techniques.5. You are not required to simply memorize information. You must be able to demonstrate that you can use that information and apply it in a practical way.6. A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today’s world. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individual. UNIT131 .Planning so far ahead makes no sense. So many things will have changed by next year.2. The main problem that people are facing in the 21st century is that the rapid increase of population is a heavy burden for developing countries.3. The key is that in regard to the modern scientific and technical books, especiallytextbooks, their authors should revise them at short intervals if they wish to keep pace with the times.4. The company has been accused of trying to sell their products under the guise of market research in order to get more profits since 1989.5. Tears are a natural form of expression. As they can convey a multitude of feelings, such as happiness, sadness, loneliness, fear, comfort, anger, or frustration, it providesa healthy outlet for emotions.6. On one hand, the Government of China has already made great efforts to mobilize people to improve the ecological environment in the light of local conditions. On the other hand, greater efforts should be made to further raise people’s awareness of the environment and spread knowledge about the environment.。
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit4
爵士乐传统鲁思〃查斯顿〃帕克什么是爵士乐？答案有许多。
爵士乐是强烈感人的节奏，是黑管、喇叭和长号演奏的自由优美的音符，是由强烈的不和谐音击碎的优郁和谐的乐段。
它可以用乐章、形状和音色来描述，不过远远不止这些。
爵士乐是最自由最有表现力的音乐表达形式的一种，是由一群演奏者在听众或观众前面自由创造而成的，每一个演奏者都有机会按照事先设计好的框架进行个人表演。
演奏者处理一段音调或节奏的方法取决于他的思想和感觉，只受制于他和他的同伴们之间建立的“协议”。
爵士乐的生命在于创造。
今天，爵士乐面临着这样一个问题：如何保持这种表达方式的自由。
有些音乐家认为，要么吸收古典音乐要么被古典音乐吸收，这是爵士乐逃脱不掉的命运，他们说爵士乐必须成为一种谱写音乐。
然而，这种变化会不会发生，或者爵士乐的创造性会不会冻结成白纸上小黑点？爵士乐是一种活生生的短暂的音乐，主宰它的是昨晚发生或明天将发生的事情，它每一天每一夜都在不停地更新。
直到最近，很多人才了解和尊重爵士乐的创造性传统。
然而，爵士乐爱好者们现在沉浸在快乐之中，因为爵士乐的起源和它的延续被再次发现了。
知道了爵士乐的起源是静观它向何处发展的第一步。
爵士乐更深层次的意义在于有关它的起源的传说中。
从历史的角度看，它的声音和基调和一个民族的奋斗和成长相伴相随。
爵士乐和非洲西海岸的黑人奴隶一起诞生，有关他从奴隶中获得自由的那些事件给了爵士乐原动力。
从黑人奴隶制之初到奴隶解放，美国黑人遭受残酷的压制，几乎听不到他们的声音，只有凄惨的痛苦才打破这种沉寂。
1865年他获得解放时，它的音乐将要弥补大约300年的音乐空白。
一种为爵士乐所特有的充满活力的声音随着黑人挣脱奴隶制获得自由暴发出来了，它将成为一种朝气蓬勃的雄浑的动态力量，那就是爵士乐。
解放奴隶后有20年时间，黑人的音乐表达的主要源泉依然是他的声音。
他在锄土豆捡棉花砍甘蔗或者在码头上或铁路上干活的时候就哼唱过，他在自己的圣歌里对着神灵的上帝喊叫过。
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新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课后翻译课后Unit 11．Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time when perhaps the converse should be ture?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性？2．Thus the art of architecture and its decoration—the post-office mural or the restored Williamsburg –are forced on millions who, left to themselves, might live in a cave or a tent.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面。
3．On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面上来看，这些用途是个人的而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。
4．We may acknowledge the desirability of devoting human energies to killing viruses and improving our neighbors; but it does not follow that all rewards and research funds should go to projects for the immediate relief of pain and sorrow . 我们可以赞赏把人类精力投入到杀死病毒并改善我们邻里环境的愿望，但是这并不意味着所有的奖赏和研究基金都应该分配给旨在立即消除疼痛和悲伤的项目上去。
5．There’s no end to the silly, scholarly interest that actual, living modern, scientific, respectable American citizens will take up rather than do an honest day’s work clearing slums and keeping down divorce.当代现实中活生生的、懂科学、令人尊敬的美国公民宁愿继续这种永无止境的愚蠢的学者兴趣而不愿意实实在在地干好一天工作，打扫打扫贫民窟，降低居高不下的离婚率。
6．The practical man it seems, has been too busy spinning dreams of medical and behavioral betterment to bring his opinion in line with his practice.而那些务实的人好像一直忙于编织医学和行为进步的梦想，而无法做到言行一致。
7．They are poor in means, because they have not known how to make out their case on their own grounds.它们不善于使用手段，因为它们还没有学会如何在自己所熟悉的领域为己一辩。
8．This filtering of the subject ,man ,through the medium of mind has the effect of keeping always in the foreground the element of novelty of uniqueness ,of astonishing unpredictability.通过精神这一媒介，这种对主题，即人类，的过滤过程产生出这样的效果:让新鲜、独特、根本无法预科的成分总处于最显著的位置。
Unit 31．The reason this does not happen is not that we have become hardened to these fantastic appeals to our passions, but that we have become so groggy ，so passive , so helpless amidst the endless barrage of appeals that “we go about our business”,as we say.之所以没有出现这样的情况，并不是因为我们已经对这种呼唤激情的荒谬做法习以为常，而是因为我们已经在永无止境、铺天盖地的呼唤中变得如此神魂颠倒，如此被动，如此无助，“我们只管自己的事儿。
”就像我们所说的那样。
2．The ad was a piece of abstract art, of unabashed symbolism, such as is reputed to outrage ordinary man when he meets it in an art gallery.广告是一件抽象艺术, 是不折不扣的象征主义。
据说普通人在艺术画廊里看到广告时会怒不可遏。
3．So powerful is this feature of the huge artificial , pictorialized , neon-lighted environment created by advertising that people have gotten into the habit of living in that future environment.广告创造的图文并茂五颜六色的人造环境的阵势如此强大, 以至于人们都已习惯于生活在广告所宣传的未来世界里。
4．In fact , as handled by such commercial geniuses as Vollard and Duveen, modern painting has itself become a branch of advertising.事实上，就像沃拉德和杜维恩这些商界天才所做的那样，现代绘画本身已经变成了广告的一种分支。
5．Spain is the last European country where conversation remains a popular art, and where the peasants, though illiterate, are as a rule so highly cultured that high society and intellectuals imitate their special accents and expressions out of snobbism.西班牙是欧洲依然保留对话这一大众艺术的最后一个国家。
在这里，农民虽然没有读过书，但是他们一般很有教养，以至于上流社会的人和知识分子势利地模仿他们独特的口音和表达方法。
6．Our social culture today is, even at the intellectual level, mainly an affair of advertising; and ads, in turn , represent the main channel of intellectual and artistic effort in the modern world.我们今天的社会文化，甚至是在知识这一层面上，主要是广告的天下；广告反过来又是表现现代世界知识和艺术成就的主要渠道。
7．Advertising with its appeal to collective emotion , has set up national brands and totems for communal participation.广告能调动起集体情感，为群众参与制定了全国性品牌和图腾。
8．The important point about ads and fashions can be stated in a word.广告和时尚的根本点可以用一句话来说明，时尚是艺术的大众化取代形式。
9．With the arrival of the display advertising, a major revolution occurred in the modern world.随着图文显示广告的到来，现代世界发生了一场巨大的革命。
10．That is the least of the matter, for the initial investment is hitched to multimillion dollar production plants and national sales networks.这还是最低的价格，因为前期投资还包括建设价值数百万美元的生产厂和全国销售网络。
Unit 51. For its purposes, any social regulation of mating and reproduction is assignificant as our own.就其目的而言，任何社会有关交配和繁殖的规定跟我们自己的一样重要。
2. He is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other.人类学家肯定会避免厚此薄彼。
3. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what anyone person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant.事实正好相反，从世界范围来看，传统习俗不管有多么异常，它是一系列细微的行为方式，比任何个人在个体行为中发展的行为方式要复杂得多。
4. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.个人的生活历史首先是适应他的社团中按照传统继承下来的模式和规范的历史。