Information for Contributors

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第六章投稿须知

第六章投稿须知第一节投稿前须知1．1 在国际杂志上发表学术论文的意义随着改革开放的深入，随着世界科技和经济的飞速发展，在国际杂志上发表学术论文对促进各国科技发展和交流日益显示出其重要意义：1．建立信息交流网在这个科技日新月异的信息时代，科研领域的分工日趋复杂和精细，独门独户，闭门造车很难有大作为。

因此知识和技术共享与交流便成为促进科技工作的重要因素。

发表一篇有价值的国际论文会让作者结交一大批世界各地的同行和朋友，建立一个国际信息网，而作者将会从中受到的益处也是难以估量的。

2．促进研究工作发展由于国际刊物面向全球发行的特点，作者的研究成果会通过论文的发表得到世界各地专家同行的关注，国内外同行们有价值的建议和评论也会纷至沓来。

这些通过其它途径很难获得的宝贵意见会对作者深化其研究工作大有裨益。

3．提高国家学术地位发表在国际刊物上的论文数量和质量直接或间接地反映了一个国家目前的科研水平以及它在国际上的学术地位。

正因为如此，很多国家的政府都想方设法鼓励本国科学家和教授尽可能多地在国际刊物上发表有价值的论文和研究成果，为提升本国的学术地位进而增强国家的影响力作出贡献。

这反过来也促进了国家的科技发展。

4．丰富科学知识宝藏人类的科学知识宝藏是由无数人经过艰苦的研究和探索逐渐积累起来的，我们已从这些知识宝藏中受益匪浅。

如果我们能够总结自己的研究成果并将其公之于世，这也将会是对世界知识宝库的一个贡献，尽管它可能只是大海中的一朵浪花。

1．2 在国内和国外刊物上发表论文的区别国际刊物比国内刊物的发行面广、影响面大，同时所投稿件一般要求用英语撰写，这两点区别是大多数作者所熟知的。

除此之外，在国内和国际刊物上投稿还有以下三点重要差别：1．审查的严格性由于国际刊物发行面广，影响的深度和广度都比国内刊物要大，对稿件的审查也比国内刊物更加严格和谨慎，这就使投稿的过、程变得更加艰难，投稿时间也会相应地延长。

2．稿酬和出版费在国内大多数刊物上发表论文，作者会收到相应的稿酬，但是在国外刊物上发表论文(特别是纯学术性质的刊物)，作者不仅得不到稿酬，有时还要付版面费。

剑桥期刊回溯数据库

收录（JCR2011），收录比例达到了76.3%。剑桥期刊2011回溯库
全库有人文社科类的内容约占56.5%，自然科学类的内容约有占 43.5%。
一、数据库介绍
2、文献类型
期刊
3、使用年限回溯时间1770-1996年
4、数据库类型
全文
二、数据库检索方法
1、检索主页面
( /action/displaySpecialPage、个性化服务
1. 读者在访问剑桥期刊在线时，可以注册个人账户，成功登
录后即可使用各项个性化功能。
2. 个性化服务主要有：
• 更改注册信息；
• 设置引用通知、最新内容通知等提醒功能； • 设置最喜爱的期刊、保存的文章、保存的搜索记录等为读者提供便利的功能； • 创建引文跟踪。
二、数据库检索方法
（1)期刊浏览：可以多种方式浏览期刊
•Journal Information（期刊信息） Editorial board：编委会信息； Book Review Info：书评信息 Instructions for contributors：投稿指南；Impact Factor ：影响因子
导航栏
检索
二、数据库检索方法
2、检索方法
• 期刊浏览（Browse Journals)
• 引文检索（Cite Search）
• 快速检索（Quick Search）
• 高级检索（Advanced Search）
二、数据库检索方法
（1)期刊浏览：可以多种方式浏览期刊
期刊浏览
• 按期刊名称浏览 • 按学科类别浏览 • 浏览已订购的期刊 • 浏览免费内容 • 开放获取内容
• Browse Articles（浏览文章） Most Downloaded:下载量最大的文章 Most Cited：被引用次数最多的文章 Sample Content：样品内容

Journal of Applied Physics

I. THE MANUSCRIPT Use this “sample manuscript” as a guide for preparing your article. This will ensure that your submission will be in the required format for Peer Review. Please read all of the following manuscript preparation instructions carefully and in their entirety. The manuscript must be in good scientific American English; this is the author's responsibility. All files MUST be submitted through our online electronic submission system at . A. Manuscript preparation Articles must be prepared as either a Microsoft Word .doc/.docx file or a REVTeX/LaTeX file. The entire manuscript, should be set up for 21.6 × 28 cm (8-1/2 × 11 in. or A4) pages with 2.54 cm (1 in.) margins all the way around. The font and the point size will be reset according to the journal’s specs, but authors most commonly use the Times Roman font and point size 12. The manuscript must begin with a title, names of all authors and their affiliations, and an abstract, followed by the body of the paper, tables and figures, if any, included, and the reference section. Consecutively number all tables (I, II, III, etc.) and figures (1, 2, 3, etc), including those in an Appendix. Figures, with figure captions, may be embedded within the manuscript to assist the reviewers. Number all pages consecutively, beginning with 1. _____________________________

我在网上寻找答案的专栏英语作文

我在网上寻找答案的专栏英语作文In today's digital age, the internet has become an indispensable tool for seeking answers to a wide range of questions. Whether it's finding a recipe for a new dish, learning about a historical event, or understanding complex scientific concepts, the internet offers a plethora of information at our fingertips. One of the most popular ways to find answers online is through specialized columns or forums that are dedicated to providing insightful and well-researched responses to users' queries. In this essay, we will explore the phenomenon of seeking answers through online columns, examining its historical background, analyzing different perspectives, and offering a critical evaluation of its benefits and drawbacks.The concept of seeking answers through specialized columns on the internet has its roots in the early days of online forums and bulletin board systems. As the internet evolved, so did the way people sought information and advice. Whatstarted as simple text-based forums has now transformed into sophisticated platforms with dedicated experts and contributors offering in-depth responses to a wide array of questions. This evolution has been driven by the increasing demand for reliable and accessible information, as well as the desire for personalized and expert insights.One of the key historical developments related to this topic is the rise of platforms such as Quora, Reddit, and specialized websites and blogs that cater to specific areas of expertise. These platforms have revolutionized the way people seek answers online, providing a space for individuals to ask questions and receive responses from a diverse range of contributors, including experts in various fields. This has democratized the process of seeking information, allowing individuals to access insights and knowledge that may have been previously inaccessible.From a societal perspective, seeking answers through online columns has both positive and negative implications. On one hand, it provides a valuable resource for individuals seeking information on diverse topics, ranging from academicqueries to practical advice on everyday issues. The accessibility of these platforms means that individuals can benefit from a wide range of perspectives and expertise, leading to a more informed and empowered society. Additionally, the interactive nature of these platforms fosters a sense of community and collaboration, as users can engage in discussions and share their own insights and experiences.However, there are also drawbacks to consider. The democratization of information means that not all responses are equally reliable or accurate. In some cases, misinformation and unsubstantiated claims can spread rapidly, leading to confusion and misinterpretation of facts. Additionally, the anonymity of online platforms can lead to the proliferation of biased or unqualified opinions, potentially undermining the credibility of the information being shared. As such, it is crucial for individuals to approach online columns with a critical mindset, evaluating the credibility of the sources and cross-referencing information when necessary.To illustrate the impact of seeking answers through online columns, let's consider a case study of a student researching a complex scientific concept. In the past, the student may have been limited to consulting textbooks or academic journals for information. However, with the advent of online columns and forums, the student now has access to a wealth of perspectives and explanations from experts and enthusiasts in the field. This not only enriches the student's understanding but also fosters a sense of curiosity and engagement with the subject matter.In evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of seeking answers through online columns, it is important to recognize the potential for both positive and negative outcomes. On one hand, the accessibility and diversity of perspectives can enhance the quality of information available to individuals. On the other hand, the proliferation of misinformation and biased opinions can erode the trustworthiness of online platforms. As such, it is imperative for users to approach onlinecolumns with a discerning eye, critically evaluating the sources and corroborating information when necessary.Looking to the future, it is clear that seeking answers through online columns will continue to play a significant role in how individuals access information and expertise. As technology advances and new platforms emerge, there will be an increasing emphasis on promoting transparency and credibility in online content. This may involve the development of verification systems and quality control measures to ensure that users can rely on the information they find. Additionally, there may be a greater emphasis on fostering a sense of community andcollaboration within online platforms, encouraging users to engage in constructive dialogue and knowledge sharing.In conclusion, seeking answers through online columns has become an integral part of how individuals access information and expertise in the digital age. From its historical roots in early online forums to the diverse and interactive platforms of today, the evolution of online columns has transformed the way people seek answers to their questions. While there are clear benefits in terms of accessibility and diversity of perspectives, there are also challenges related to the credibility and reliability of the information shared. As we look to the future, it is essential to prioritize transparency and collaboration in online platforms, ensuring that individuals can access reliable and well-informed responses to their queries. By doing so, we can harness the full potential of online columns as a valuable resource for knowledge and insight.。

学术论文写作与发表规范lecture_1

策略：依据科学共同体的普遍原则和特殊习惯写作
1.2.2 针对不同读者群的学术写作
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 专家（experts）专业技术人员（technicians）管理人员（managers）外行（laypersons）混合读者（mixed audiences）
1. 面向专家的写作
摘要、目录、引言、标题、参考文献目录、
– 格式清晰
语言简洁：使用简单句避免过长复杂句图表、专业术语
– 文脉清晰
背景、目的、方法、结论
简明（conciseness）
仅仅传递需要的信息仅仅策略：通过聚焦达到简明 –清晰的引言 –详细的提纲 –文章长度和范围的控制 –附录的使用 –准确的图表
一致（coherence）
科学、工程和公共政策委员会，美国科学院，美国工程科学院，美国医学科学院. 怎样当一名科学家— —科学研究中的负责行为(NAS(National Academy of Sciences).On Being a Scientist(2nd ed) .Washington,DC:National Academy Press,1995)
教学内容
第一章绪论第二章学术论文写作规范第三章学术论文与专利申请、会议文集第四章学术论文的发表过程和投稿技巧第五章学术期刊的评价体系、出版模式和发展趋势第六章学术论文中涉及的科学研究诚信与科研道德
参考文献
[美]罗伯特·戴，巴巴拉.盖斯特尔. 如何撰写和发表科技论文（第六版）.（How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper(Sixth Edition)）. 北京大学出版社.2007 [美]查尔斯·李普森.郜元宝,李小杰译.诚实做学问：从大一到教授. 华东师范大学出版社，2006 任胜利. 英语科技论文撰写与投稿. 科学出版社.2004 [日]山崎茂明. 杨舰，程远远，严凌纳译. 科学家的不端行为----捏造·篡改·剽窃. 清华大学出版社. 2005

Academy of Management Journal (AMJ) Format Style Guide

Academy of Management Journal STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORSThis document,the“Style Guide for Authors,”covers the format and language to use for AMJ submissions.“Information for Contributors”(front of each issue and /amj/ submission.html)covers their length and content. For“Style Guide for Authors”on the Web,see /amjnew/style_guide.html. Manuscript Submission and FormatSubmit manuscripts to the editor,Sara Rynes,at amj-srynes@(see“Instructions for Elec-tronic Submission,”/amj/elec-tronic.html).Please use Times Roman12-point type and the 81⁄2ϫ11page setting;place page numbers in the upper right corner;and leave top and side margins of at least one inch.PublicationAccepted papers are copy-edited and retyped. Authors review edits and proofread their work. AMJ’s copy editor–production manager will con-tact you after the editor assigns your work to an issue.Expect some time lag between acceptance and this contact.If your work is accepted,please keep the editor (amj-srynes@)and the copy editor (pdoliner@)informed of changes in your contact information and long absences. Front PagesAddress.Under the title of your work,list au-thors’names,affiliations,and complete addresses. Example:AN EXCELLENT STUDYA.A.MANAGEMENT SCHOLARCurrent UniversitySchool and/or DepartmentBuilding and/or StreetCity,State,Zip CodeTel:(000)000-0000Fax:(000)000-0000e-mail:scholar@ Acknowledgment.If you wish to acknowledge financial support or other assistance,add a note at the bottom of page1,your title page.Abstract.An abstract of no more than100words and the title of the work go on page2.Back PagesGroup references and any appendixes,tables, and figures at the end of your manuscript.Continue your page numbering.Headings and SectionsAMJ uses only three levels of e bold-face for all three.Main headings(all capital letters; centered)are first.Second-level headings(title-style letters;flush left)are next.Third-level headings(first letter of first word capitalized;indented;italicized; and run into paragraph)are next.Don’t skip steps:no second-level headings before you use a first-level heading,for e sec-ond-and third-level headings in sets of two or more.Examples:METHODS[1st level] Data and Sample[2nd level] Measures[2nd level] Independent variable.[3rd level] Dependent variables.[3rd level]FootnotesUse footnotes,not endnotes.HypothesesFully and separately state each hypothesis you tested separately.Give it a distinct number(Hy-pothesis1)or number-letter(Hypothesis1a)label. Set hypotheses off in indented blocks,in italic type.Examples:Hypothesis1a.Concise writing has a positive relation-ship to publication.Hypothesis1b.Following AMJ’s“Style Guide for Au-thors”has a positive relationship to publication. LanguageTechnical terms.Help your work to be accessible to AMJ’s wide-ranging readership.Define key techni-cal terms.A technical term is a word or phrase that is not in a general-use dictionary with the meaning you (or even you and other published scholars)ascribe to it.Put quotation marks around the first appearance in your paper of each technical term,or define it.௠Academy of Management Journal2005,Vol.xx,No.x,0.Abbreviations.Avoid using them for the names of e ordinary words for variable names—not code names or other e the same name for a variable throughout your text, tables,figures,and appendixes.Names of organizations and research instruments may be abbreviated,but give the full name the first time you mention one of s of software and some databases may be abbreviated.Reporting math.Do not“talk in math”in regular e words.For instance,“We surveyed100 employees,”not“We surveyed nϭ100employees”and“We used a chi-square test to evaluate fit,”not “We used a␹2test.”Do use symbols and numbers to report results and give formulas.Italicize letters that are custom-arily italicized(p,r,b,F,Z,and so forth).Use boldface italic for vectors.Put spaces around equals signs,minus signs,etc.Illustrative results within text go in parentheses. Introduce them with complete sentences.Example: One coefficient for the interaction was significant (model3:␤ϭ0.06,pϽ.05;model5:␤ϭ1.06).Keep equations in your running text unless they contain oversized symbols or division,and/or are very important in your research.Examples: Run-in equation—We used Craig’s(1992:20)distance formula(dϭxyz).Displayed equation—Pr(Y tϭy t x t)ϭ[eϪ␭(xt)␭(X t)yt],(1)where Y t is....Define each new term in all equations.Sexist or biased language.Avoid language that might be interpreted as denigrating.Do not use “he”or“she”ing the plural—changing“the manager...he”to“managers... they”—is one solution;using“he or she”(“him or her”)is another.Active voice and first person.Write in the active voice(“They did it”)instead of the passive voice (“It was done”)to make it easy for readers to see who did e the first person(“I”or“we”)to describe what you,or you and your coauthors,did. Examples:Passive(less desirable)—Two items were found to lack factor validity by Earley(1989).Active(more desirable)—Earley(1989)found that two items lacked factor validity.Third person(less desirable)—The author developed three new items.First person(more desirable)—I developed three new items.Anthropomorphism.Do not describe inanimate entities(models,theories,firms,and so forth)as acting in ways only humans can act. AppendixesPresent long but essential methodological de-tails,such as the calculation of measures,in an appendix or appendixes.Be concise.Avoid exact reproductions of surveys.Label appendixes“APPENDIX A,”“APPENDIX B,”and so forth.A substantive title,such as“Items in Scales,”should bel tables within ap-pendixes“Table A1,”“B1,”and so forth.Tables and FiguresLook at tables and figures in published issues of AMJ to see preferred formats.For each table or figure,center“TABLE”or“FIG-URE”with a number(“1,”“2,”etc.)at the top of the page.Put the title under this,also centered and boldface,but in upper-and lower-case letters. Number tables and figures consecutively(one se-ries for tables,one for figures).Place them at the end of your manuscript,but indicate the position of each in the text as follows:------------------------------------Insert Table2about here------------------------------------Each table or figure needs an introductory sentence in your text.More on e more than one page if needed.Do not squeeze material onto one page by shrinking type.Don’t use code names and abbrevi-ations.Example:Desirable variable name—ProfitabilityUndesirable variable name—PRFTEach table should report one type of analysis (which is identified in the title),and each vertical column and horizontal row should contain only one type of data.Report only two decimal places for all statistics. Place correlation coefficients in the lower-left cor-ners of their tables.20051Style Guide for AuthorsUse superscript small letters to designate table footnotes.A lettered footnote may be used to sum-marize significance levels:a All values greater than...are significant at....Or report significance levels in separate footnotes placed in a stack under your regular table footnotes. Example:†pϽ.10*pϽ.05**pϽ.01More on figures.Figures,unlike tables,have graphics.Make sure your figures will print out clearly so that they can be scanned.Do not use color.Use the same full variable names you use in your text and tables.CitationsThese are your in-text,in parentheses,identifi-cations of other research.Every work that has a citation needs to have a corresponding reference (see“References,”below).Examples:Name and year—Several studies(Adams,1994;Bern-stein,1988,1992;Celias,2000a,2000b)support thisconclusion.Year only—But Van Dorn and Xavier(2001)presentedconflicting evidence.Order.Order citations alphabetically.Designate two or more works by one author(or by an identical group of authors)published in the same year by adding“a,”“b,”and so forth,after the year.See the “name and year”example above.Multiple authors.If a work has two authors,give both names every time you cite it.For three through six authors,give all names the first time,then use “et al.”in citations.Examples:First citation—(Foster,Whittington,Tucker,Horner, Hubbard,&Grimm,2000).Subsequent citation—(Foster et al.,2000).For seven or more authors,use“et al.”even for the first citation.(But the corresponding reference should give all the names.)Page numbers in e this format:Writing a book is“a long and arduous task”(Lee,1998:3).Citation with no author.For an article with no author,cite the periodical as author.Example: Periodical as author—Analysts predicted an increase in service jobs(Wall Street Journal,1999).For reports,handbooks,and the like,cite the“cor-porate author”that produced them.Example: Organization as author—Analysts predict an increase in service jobs in the U.S.Industrial Outlook(U.S.Depart-ment of Commerce,1992).Such sources can also be identified informally.No corresponding reference will then be needed. Example:Informal citation—According to the1999U.S.Industrial Outlook,published by the U.S.Department of Com-merce,service jobs will increase.Electronic e a regular citation(author, year)if you can identify an author of one of the types discussed above(human,periodical,or cor-porate).If not,give the Web address that was your source in parentheses.No corresponding reference need be used in the latter case.ReferencesReferences are your entries in the alphabetical list at the end of your article or research note.This list should include only work you have cited. Order.Alphabetize references by the last name of a sole author,a first author,or an editor,or by the name of a corporate author(for instance,U.S.Cen-sus Bureau)or periodical(such as the Wall Street Journal)if there is no human author or editor.Or-der works by an identical author by year of publi-cation,listing the earliest first.If the years of pub-lication are also the same,differentiate entries by adding small letters(“a,”“b,”etc.)after the years. Repeat the author’s name for each entry. Books.Follow this form:Last names,initials (separated by a space).Year.Title(Boldface italic, capitalize only the first letter of the first word and of the first word after a long dash or colon.)City where published:Name of publisher.(For small U.S.and Canadian cities,follow the name of the city with the postal abbreviation for the state or province;for small cities in other countries,give the full name of the country.)Examples: Granovetter,M.S.1965.Getting a job:A study of contracts and careers.Chicago:University of Chicago Press. Kahn,R.L.,&Boulding,E.(Eds.).1964.Power and conflict in organizations.Glencoe,IL:Free Press.Katz,D.,&Kahn,R.L.1978.The social psychology of orga-nizations(2nd ed.).New York:Wiley.National Center for Education Statistics.1992.Digest of ed-ucation statistics.Washington DC:National Center for Education Statistics.Periodicals.Follow this form:Authors’last names,initials.Year.Title(regular type;same sin-gle-capital rule as for books).Name of Periodical2xxAcademy of Management Journal(boldface italic,title-style capitalization),volume number(issue number,if needed—see below):page numbers.Examples:Shrivastava,P.1995.The role of corporations in achieving ecological sustainability.Academy of Management Re-view,20:936–960.Nonaka,I.1991.The knowledge-creating company.Harvard Business Review,69(6):96–104.Include an issue number only if every issue of the referenced periodical begins with a page numbered 1.(Look at more than one issue to check.)If an article has no author,the periodical is ref-erenced.Examples:BusinessWeek.1998.The best B-schools.October19:86–94. Harvard Business Review.2003.How are we doing?81(4):3.Chapters in books,including annuals.Follow this form:Authors’last names,initials.Year.Title of chapter(regular type,single-capital rule.In Ed-itors’initials and last names(Eds.),Title of book: Page numbers.City(same rules as above):Pub-lisher.Examples:Levitt,B.,&March,anizational learning.In W.R.Scott&J.F.Short(Eds.),Annual review of soci-ology,vol.14:319–340.Palo Alto,CA:Annual Reviews. Dutton,J.,Bartunek,J.,&Gersick,C.1996.Growing a per-sonal,professional collaboration.In P.Frost&S.Taylor (Eds.),Rhythms of academic life:239–248.London: Sage.Unpublished works.These include working pa-pers,dissertations,and papers presented at meetings. Examples:Duncan,R.G.1971.Multiple decision-making structures in adapting to environmental uncertainty.Working paperno.54–71,Northwestern University Graduate School of Management,Evanston,IL.Smith,M.H.1980.A multidimensional approach to individ-ual differences in empathy.Unpublished doctoral dis-sertation,University of Texas,Austin.Wall,J.P.1983.Work and nonwork correlates of the career plateau.Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management,Dallas.Electronic documents.Include the author’s name,if known;the full title of the document;the full title of the work it is part of;the ftp,http,or other address;and the date the document was posted or accessed.Biographical SketchesEach author of an accepted article is asked to submit a biographical sketch of about50words. Your sketch should identify where you earned your highest degree,your present affiliation and posi-tion,and your current research interests.The first author should include an e-mail address,which is optional for the other authors.Thank YouYour attention to the conventions described in this guide will be much appreciated,will increase the likelihood your submission will be favorably reviewed,and will make the work of everyone in-volved—you,the reviewers,the editors,and the readers—easier.Please contact copy editor–pro-duction manager Persephone Doliner at pdoliner@ with your queries on AMJ’s style.20053Style Guide for Authors。

IEEE会议论文版权问题

IEEE COPYRIGHT AND CONSENT FORMTo ensure uniformity of treatment among all contributors, other forms may not be substituted for this form, nor may any wording of the form be changed. This form is intended for original material submitted to the IEEE and must accompany any such material in order to be published by the IEEE. Please read the form carefully and keep a copy for your files.TITLE OF PAPER/ARTICLE/REPORT, INCLUDING ALL CONTENT IN ANY FORM, FORMAT, OR MEDIA (hereinafter, “the Work”): COMPLETE LIST OF AUTHORS: IEEE PUBLICATION TITLE (Journal, Magazine, Conference, Book):CNMT2010Copyright Transfer1. The undersigned hereby assigns to The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated (the “IEEE”) all rights under copyright that may exist in and to: (a) the above Work, including any revised or expanded derivative works submitted to the IEEE by the undersigned based on the Work; and (b) any associated written or multimedia components or other enhancements accompanying the Work.Consent and Release2. In the event the undersigned makes a presentation based upon the Work at a conference hosted or sponsored in whole or in part by the IEEE, the undersigned, in consideration for his/her participation in the conference, hereby grants the IEEE the unlimited, worldwide, irrevocable permission to use, distribute, publish, license, exhibit, record, digitize, broadcast, reproduce and archive, in any format or medium, whether now known or hereafter developed: (a) his/her presentation and comments at the conference; (b) any written materials or multimedia files used in connection with his/her presentation; and (c) any recorded interviews of him/her (collectively, the “Presentation”). The permission granted includes the transcription and reproduction of the Presentation for inclusion in products sold or distributed by IEEE and live or recorded broadcast of the Presentation during or after the conference.3. 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投稿要求

This is an abstract. It gives the reader an overview of the manuscript. In this sample article we provide instructions on how to prepare and submit your paper to Review of Scientific Instruments, a journal published by the American Institute of Physics (AIP). Authors must follow the instructions given in this document. The AIP staff appreciates your effort to follow our style when preparing your manuscript.
a)
This is an example of a footnote to the title if the paper was part of a conference: Contributed paper, published as part of the Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Physics, Anytown, State, May 2010. This is an example of a footnote to an author’s name: Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: author@. This research was performed while C. Author was at Anywhere National Laboratory, City, State, Postal code, Country.

APL最新投稿要求

Sample manuscript for Applied Physics Letters a)A. Author,1,2,b)B. Author,2,b,c)C. Author, Jr.,3,d) and XYZ Collaboration1Department, University, City, Postal code, Country2Corporation or Laboratory, Street address, Postal code, City, Country3 Department, University, City, State (spell out full name) Zip code, USAThis is an abstract. It gives the reader an overview of the manuscript. In this sample article weprovide instructions on how to prepare and submit your paper to Applied Physics Letters, a journalpublished by the American Institute of Physics (AIP). Authors must follow the instructions given inthis document. The AIP staff appreciates your effort to follow our style when preparing yourmanuscript.I. THE MANUSCRIPTU se this “sample manuscript” as a guide for preparing your article. This will ensure that your submission will be in the required format for Peer Review. Please read all of the following manuscript preparation instructions carefully and in their entirety. The manuscript must be in good scientific American English; this is the author's responsibility. All files MUST be submitted through our online electronic submission system at .A. Manuscript preparationArticles must be prepared as either a Microsoft Word .doc/.docx file or a REVTeX/LaTeX file. The entire manuscript, should be set up for 21.6 × 28 cm (8-1/2 × 11 in. or A4) pages with 2.54 cm (1 in.) margins all the way around. The font and the point size will be reset according to the journal’s spec ifications, but authors most commonly use the Times Roman font and point size 12. The manuscript must begin with a title, names of all authors and their affiliations, and an abstract, followed by the body of the paper, tables and figures, if any, included, and the reference section. Consecutively number all tables (I, II, III, etc.) and figures (1, 2, 3, etc.), including those in an Appendix. Figures may be embedded in the text or not (author’s choice). Figure captions must be included in the manuscript. Number all pages consecutively, beginning with 1._____________________________a) This is an example of a footnote to the title if the paper was part of a conference: Contributed paper, published as part of the Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Physics, Anytown, State, May 2010.b) A. Author and B. Author contributed equally to this work.c) This is an example of a footnote to an autho r’s name: Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: author@.d) This research was performed while C. Author was at Anywhere National Laboratory, City, State, Postal code, Country.B. Manuscript submissionAll files MUST be submitted through the online system . Each version of the manuscript (the original and subsequent revisions) should be submitted with its own complete set of files: a cover letter (indicating the title, authors, and contact information), a complete article file, and separate figure files (see Sec. VIII―FIGURES). When uploading a revised manuscript, also include a response/rebuttal letter (indicating the changes made to address the Ed itor’s and Reviewers’ comments).II. MANUSCRIPT LENGTHManuscripts should not exceed 3500 words (approximately four printed journal pages). Abstract, title, author list, references and acknowledgements are all excluded from the length limit of 3500 words. Figures, tables and equations however are included and must be accounted for. Circumvention of the length limitation by division of a long article into small parts is considered to be contrary to the purpose of this journal. Please use the guidelines for Estimating Length included in the Information for Contributors.III. TITLEMake the title as concise as possible but informative enough to facilitate information retrieval. Only the most common acronyms and abbreviations are allowed in the title. Use acronyms with considerable moderation and always define at first use.IV. ABSTRACTLimit the abstract to less than 100 words. It must be self-contained (contain no footnotes or citations to references), adequate as an index (giving all subjects, major and minor, about which new information is given), and a concise summary (giving the conclusions and all results of general interest in the article). The abstract must be one paragraph and should not contain displayed mathematical equations or tabular material. AIP journals do not require PACs numbers.V. AUTHORS’ NAMES AND ADDRESSESAuthors’ names s hould preferably be written in a standard form for all publications to facilitate indexing and to avoid ambiguities. Include the names and postal addresses of all institutions, followed by city, state, zip code, and USA if in the United States or by postal code, city, and country if not in the U.S. Please provide complete addresses. See the byline for this sample article for examples.Authors with Chinese, Japanese, or Korean names may choose to have their names published in their own language alongside the English versions of their names in the author list of their publications. For Chinese, authors may use eitherSimplified or Traditional characters. Chinese, Japanese, or Korean characters must be included within the author list of the manuscript when submitting or resubmitting. The manuscript must be prepared using Microsoft Word or using the CJK LaTeX package. Specific guidelines for each authoring tool are given at /pubservs/cjk_instructions.html . VI. FOOTNOTESFootnotes are generally unacceptable in AIP journals, with the exception of footnotes to the title or authors. All other information should be included in the reference section. Use a), b), c), etc., for footnotes to the title or authors. The following list shows some examples:a) Contributed paper, published as part of the Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Physics, Anytown, State, May, 2010. (footnote to title) b) A. Author and B. Author contributed equally to this work. c) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Electronic mail: author@.d)This research was performed while C. Author was at Anywhere National Laboratory, City, State, Postal code, Country. VII. EQUATIONSEquations should be punctuated and aligned to bring out their structure, and numbered on the right. Mathematical operation signs indicating continuity of the expression should be placed at the left of the second and succeeding lines. Use (×) rather than a centered dot for multiplication, except for scalar products of vectors. Use a solidus (/) instead of built-up fractions in running text, and in display wherever clarity would not be jeopardized. Use “exp” for complicated exponents. 1212i i i i N B B B B N , (1)21cos 2sin 2.2D n a I nn (2)Please note that you must use MathType or the Microsoft ® Equation Editor 3.0. Use of Microsoft ® Math Editor is not recommended.VIII. ACRONYMS AND NOTATIONAcronyms, except for the most common (such as 2D, rms, or ac) must be spelled out when they first appear both in the abstract and again in the text. Spell out machine names, except for those not considered acronyms (such as ITER or DIII-D). Try to avoid the excessive use of acronyms or specialized jargon.FIG. 1. (Color) This figure will appear in color in print and online. Figures should be created at 300 dpi and submitted at 300 dpi for the best presentation. Choose CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) for any figure that will appear in color in the print version.FIG. 2. (Color online) This figure will appear in color only in the online version only, not in the printed version. Figures should be created at 300 dpi and submitted at 300 dpi for the best presentation. Choose RGB (red, green, blue) for any figure that will appear in color only online.FIG. 3. This is a good example of information that was presented clearly. When this figure appeared in the printed journal it was in black and white print, but the reader was able to discern the “red” triangles, the closed “green” circles, and the open “black” circles. A description as well as the color is needed. If the caption had simply discussed “the red and green symbols,” the reader of the print version would not understand because he/she would be seeing the figure without the color.FIG. 4. This is an example of line art. Figures should be created at 600 dpi and submitted at 600 dpi for the best presentation. Save line art as black/white bitmap, not grayscale..FIG. 5. This is an example of a halftone. Figures should be created at 300 dpi and submitted at 300 dpi for the best presentation.FIG. 6.This is an example of a combination figure (line art and halftone). Figures should be created at 600 dpi and submitted at 600 dpi for the best presentation.TABLE I.This table provides instructions on how to prepare figures.(a) General guidelines for preparing illustrationsNumber figures in the order in which they appear in the text.Label all figure parts with (a), (b), etc. Each figure file should contain all parts of the figure. For example, if Fig.1 contains three parts [(a), (b), and (c)], then all parts should be combined in a single file for Fig. 1.Avoid any large disparity in size of lettering and labels used within one illustration.Prepare illustrations in the final published size, not oversized. The maximum published width for a one-column illustration is 8.5 cm (3-3/8 in.). The maximum width for a two-column figure is 17 cm (7.0 in.).In cases where reduction is required, avoid small open symbols that tend to fill in and avoid small lettering; ensure that, in the final published illustration, there is a minimum of 8-point type size (2.8 mm high; 1/8 in. high) for lettering and 0.5-point width for lines.Ensure that lettering and lines are dark enough, and thick enough, to reproduce clearly. Remember that fine lines tend to disappear upon reduction.It is preferred that authors embed figures and captions in the manuscript file. Embed the figures in the approximate position and size you think is appropriate. In addition, separate figure files must be provided (see below for accepted file formats) along with the manuscript.(b) Guidelines for preparation of electronic graphics filesAcceptable formats for figures: Portable Document Files (PDF), Encapsulated PostScript Files (EPS), PostScript, or Tagged Image File format (TIF). EPS (using Arial or Times Roman fonts) is preferred graphic format when preparing illustrations. Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or JPEG (.jpg) files are NOT acceptable.More detailed information is given about figure preparation on the RSI website in the Information for Contributors tab.Settings: Set the graphic for 600 dpi resolution for line art, 300 dpi for halftones, and 600 dpi for combinations (line art + halftone).Save line art as black/white bitmap, not grayscale.Save halftones and combinations as grayscale, not black/white bitmap.Click here for publication charge information.Submit color files at 300 dpi in one of the accepted file formats: PDF, EPS, PS, or TIF. EPS (using Arial or Times Roman fonts) is preferred graphic format when preparing illustrations. No other type of color illustration is acceptable. When selecting a file mode, for print choose CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black) and for color online choose RGB (red, green, blue).PDF files should be vector files.In the PDF illustration, resolution of any shaded or photographic images must be 600 pixels per inch (PPI).Within the PDF illustration, resolution of line art with no shading should be 1200 pixels per inch (PPI).All fonts must be embedded in the PDF.Select "High Quality Print" when creating a PDF through the application’s print command.If usable color graphics files are received in time for the production process, authors will see color versions of those illustrations when viewing their author proofs. (The Corresponding Author will receive e-mail notification from AIP when the proof, as a PDF file, is available for downloading.)The author is responsible for obtaining permissions to reuse previously published material. Full credit lines are needed for figures that are used with permission. An example of the recommended format for crediting material from a journal article is: “Reprinted with permission from [FULL CITATION]. Copyright [PUBLICATION YEAR], American Institute of Ph ysics.” Full citation format is as follows: Author names, journal title, Vol. #, Issue #, Page # (or CID#), Year of publication. For example, the credit line would appear as: “Reprinted with permission from J. Chem. Phys. 128, 024365 (2008). Copyright 2008American Institute of Physics. If you need help acquiring permissions from another publisher, use this form [CLICK HERE].XI. TABLESSeparate tables (numbered with Roman numerals in the order of their appearance in the text) should be used for all tabular material. Tables must be embedded in the article file, not uploaded like figure files. The structure should be clear. Use simple column headings and include units of measure. Table captions are positioned above the table and should be styled as “TABLE I. This is a table caption.” A caption should make its table intelligible without reference to the text. Capitalize th e first word in the table headings and subheadings. References within tables are designated by lowercase Roman letter superscripts and given at the end of the table. Unaltered computer output and notation should be uploaded as supplemental files. See Table II for an example of correct table styling.TABLE II. Bond distances for alkene molecules (atomic units).No. C a RI,I+1b SRI,I+1c RI−1,I+RI,I+1SRI−1,I+RI,I+12 2.5255 ………4 2.6175 0.123 5.306 …6 2.6314 0.0999 5.3025 0.01128 2.6368 0.0876 5.3009 0.011110 2.6396 0.0795 5.2999 0.010614 2.6424 0.0689 5.2989 0.009618 2.6437 0.0623 5.2982 0.008822 2.6443 0.0573 5.2973 0.00826 2.6448 0.0536 5.2968 0.0074ab RI,I+1 is the distance between two neighboring carbon atoms, while ‹RI,I+1› is the averageof RI,I+1 for a given molecule.c SRI,I+1 is the standard deviation of RI,I+1 within the given molecule.XII. MULTIMEDIA SUBMISSIONSMultimedia files can be included in the online version of published papers. All such files are peer reviewed. When published, these files can be viewed by clicking on a link from the figure caption, provided that the reader has a video player installed, such as Windows Media PlayerTM, Quick Time PlayerTM, or RealOne PlayerTM. Please see Information for Contributors on our website. Click on Multimedia. Please note the following important information when preparing your manuscript:Treat all multimedia files as figures, numbered in sequence as they are referred to in text. (Multimedia files will not have a numbering scheme separate from the figures.) For each multimedia file, provide a figure, which is a staticrepresentation of the multimedia file. Also provide an accompanying caption. At the end of the caption, include the phrase "(enhanced online)."All multimedia files must be cited in the text, referred to by their figure number.XIII. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALText material that may not be of interest to all readers, long data tables, multimedia, and computer programs may be deposited as supplementary materials. Information about depositing supplemental material may be found at the journal’s Information for Contributors section on the website.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSTypically, standard acknowledgments include financial support and technical assistance, and may include dedications, memorials, and awards. Check with the Editorial Office for suitability of an acknowledgment if there is any question. To indicate the author, use initials. For example, “B.A. wishes to thank A. Loudon for technical assistance. C.A. wishes to thank Anytown University for use of th eir equipment.” Note: the Acknowledgment section is not a numbered section. APPENDIXAppendices are placed after the acknowledgments section and before the listing of references. Appendices must have a Level One heading as illustrated below. They do not follow the sequential heading numbering given in the rest of the paper. If there is only one appendix, then the heading is set as follows:APPENDIXIf there is more than one appendix, the headings are set as:APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTIONAPPENDIX B: DESCRIPTIONSubheadings in an Appendix are labeled 1, 2, etc.REFERENCESReferences must be numbered consecutively in order of first appearance in the text and should be listed at the end of the text material. Reference citations in text are rendered in several ways. For example:Voitsenya et al.4Kawa and Lin8MOLPRO (Ref. 10)The citation in the reference list must include the full list of authors. Do not list the first author followed by an abbreviation such as et al. See Table III for acceptable reference formats.TABLE III.This table provides instructions on how to prepare references.Articles “submitted to” or “accepted for publication” (but not yet published) in a journal: When possible, these references should be updated in the galley proof.1K. Park, A. Marchenkov, Z. M. M. Zhang, and W. P. King, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 094504 (2007). Books: List authors and editors. Must include publisher, city and year of publication, and the page numbers (unless the entire book is being cited).2R. J. Hunter, Zeta Potential in Colloid Science (Academic, New York, 1981), p.120.AIAA Papers:The usual format is: Authors’ names, Paper Title, AIAA Paper No. (usual formats are 99-1111 or 2004-2222), year (corresponds to numbers on left side of paper number).3M.S. Narayan and A. Banaszuk, “Experimental study of a novel active separation control approach,” AIAA Paper No. 2003-0060, 2003.Conference proceedings: Include the list of authors, the title of the proceedings, the city and year of the conference, the name of the publisher (cannot be a laboratory or institution), city and year of publication (or the words “to be published”), and the page numbers. Inclu de the full list of editors, if they are given.4R. K. Ahrenkiel, in Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds 1993: Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Gallium Arsenide and Related Compounds, Freiburg, Germany, 29 August–2 September 1993, edited by H. S. Rupprecht and G. Weimann (Institute of Physics, London, 1994), pp. 685–690.Government publications:Format as for a book citation. Each must include the author(s), title of the publication, name of the publisher, city and year of publication, and page numbers (unless the entire publication is being cited).5D. Nunes, The Brillouin Effect (U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC, 1992).Journal citations: Include authors (see author rule above), volume number, beginning page number, and publication year:6J. D. Kiely and J. E. Houston, Phys. Rev. B 57, 12588 (1998).Laboratory report: May only be used if first deposited with a national depository such as the National Technical Information Service. (Check with the NTIS librarian at 703-605-6000.) Materials or reports in electronic form—codes, data tables,etc.—may be uploaded as supplemental material files (see Sec. XIII). If the paper is on deposit with NTIS, use the following format:7See National Technical Information Service Document No. DE132450 L. (R. Newchuck, SESAME Tables, LANL Rep. 23453, 1983). Copies may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.Multiple citations are acceptable:8D.-Y. Choi, S. Madden, A. Rode, R. Wang, and B. Luther-Davies, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 354, 3179 (2008); J. Appl. Phys. 104, 113305 (2008).(same authors, different journals)or9J.Scaroni and T. Mckee, Solid State Technol. 40, 245 (1997); M. G. Lawrence, Bull. Am.Meteorol. Soc. 86, 225 (2005).(two completely different references)or10Y. de Carlan, A. Alamo, M. H. Mathon, G. Geoffroy, and A. Castaing, J. Nucl. Mater. 283–287, 762 (2000); M. H. Mathon, Y. de Carlan, G. Geoffroy, X. Averty, A. Alamo, and C. H. de Novion, ibid. 312, 236 (2003).(different authors, same journal and volume number)MOLPRO:11H.-J. Werner, P. J. Knowles, R. Lindh, F. R. Manby, M. Schütz, et al., Molpro, version2006.1, a package of ab initio programs, 2006, see .Preprints and electronic postings:Preprints or eprints that have not been submitted to a journal for publication (i.e., are only posted on a preprint server) cannot be used as references.Private communication:May not be one of the authors of the article. Must include the year in which the communication took place.12A. Einstein (private communication, 1954).References as footnotes: Footnotes are not permitted within the main text. Each should be numbered and described in the reference list.Software manuals: If published, use the book format; if not published, give the entire address for the software maker.Thesis/dissertation: Include the author, school and year, but not the title.13S. L. Goldschmidt, Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, 1985.Web sites: Due to their perishable nature, web sites are not generally acceptable as references unless the site is maintained as an archival site. It is permissible to include web sites as adjuncts to acceptable references.11。

Conferences, workshops and journals

INTELLIGENTTRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMS/itsIEEE ITS SOCIETY NEWSLETTEREditor:Prof.Bart van Arem,b.vanarem@utwente.nl Vol.9,No.2,June2007In This IssueSociety News3Message from the Editor:Bart van Arem (3)Message VP Member Activities:Christoph Stiller (3)Message VP Technical Activities:Daniel Zeng (4)Bookreview:Algirdas Pakstas (6)IEEE Trans.on ITS Report:Alberto Broggi (8)IEEE Transactions on ITS-Index:Simona Bert´e (10)Technical Contributions17Second Generation Controller Interface Device Design,byZhen Li,Michael Kyte,Brian K.Johnson,RichardB.Wells,Ahmed Abdel-Rahim and Darcy Bullock.17Research Programs25Research Review,by Angelos Amditis (25)Conferences,Workshops,Symposia29By Massimo Bertozzi and Alessandra Fascioli (36)THEIEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMSSOCIETY——————————————President2007:................Fei-Yue Wang,CAS,China and U.of Arizona,Tucson,AZ85721,USA President Elect2007:William T.Scherer,University of Virginia,Charlottesville,VA22904-4747,USA Vice President Financial Activities:..........Sudarshan S.Chawathe,University of Maine,Orono,ME04469-5752,USA Vice President for Publication Activities:..........Jason Geng,Rockville,MD20895-2504,USA Vice President for Conference Activities:..Umit Ozguner,Ohio State University,Columbus,OH43210,USA Vice President Technical Activities:..................Daniel Zeng,University of Arizona,Tucson,AZ85721,USA Vice President Administrative Activities:......Daniel J.Daily,University of Washington,Seattle,WA98195,USA Vice President Member Activities:........Christoph Stiller,Universit¨a t Karlsruhe,76131Karlruhe,Germany Transactions Editor:.....................Alberto Broggi,Universit`a di Parma,Parma,I-43100,Italy Newsletter Editor:...Bart van Arem,University of Twente,Enschede,NL-7500AE,The NetherlandsCOMMITTEESAwards Committee:Chip White(Chair):...................................cwhite@ Conferences and Meetings Committee:Umit Ozguner(Chair):..............u.ozguner@ Constitution and Bylaws Committee:Daniel J.Dailey(Chair):...............d.dailey@ Fellow Evaluation Committee:Petros Ioannou(Chair):..........................ioannou@ Finance Committee:Sudarshan S.Chawathe(Chair): History Committee:E.Ryerson Case(Chair):......................................r.case@ Long Range Planning Committee:Pitu B.Mirchandani(Chair):...........pitu@ Member Activities Committee:Christoph Stiller(Chair):......................stiller@a.de Nominations and Appointments Committee:William T.Scherer(Chair):.....w.scherer@ Publications Committee:Jason Geng(Chair):...............................jason.geng@ Standards Committee:Jason Geng(Chair):..................................jason.geng@ Student Activities Committee:Shuming Tang(Chair):..........................sharron@ Technical Activities Committee:Daniel Zeng(Chair):...................zeng@Society NewsFrom the Editorby Bart van AremDear reader of this newsletter,It is my pleasure to present to you the second newsletter of the ITS Society in2007.In this newsletter you willﬁnd the usual content.In particular I would like to ask your attention for the technical activities of the ITS Society:there are now11technical committees covering a wide range of ITS topics and3more committees will be formed.You can learn more about these activities and how you can join in this newsletter.After this newsletter,Charles Herget(c.herget@)will be the new Editor in Chief of the newslet-ter.It has been my pleasure to serve the IEEE ITS Society during the past3years.In these years,the production of the newsletter was organized in a more professional way by setting up an Editorial Board and introducing the book review and research review sections.The user needs survey that we conducted shows that you the newsletter,The number of downloads of the newsletter has been steadily growing from1,000 in2005to about1,500now.I want to thank you as a reader for your appreciation,the ITS Society for their conﬁdence and Dorette Alink-Olthof for the technical production and layout and Rob Quentemeijer for maintaining the e-mail list.I wish you the best!Bart van AremMessage from the VP Member Activitiesby Christoph StillerMessage from the VP of Member Activities by Christoph StillerMeanwhile,the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society(ITSS)has become a well established authority in the ITSﬁeld.Every month,new professionals join us,thus improving their network with inter-disciplinary experts which is a keystone for a successful carreer.Since last year the ITSS promotes young as well as experienced engineers in ITS through its award pro-gramme.The following four ITSS awards will be presented at the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference in Seattle this autumn.1.IEEE ITSS Best Ph.D.Dissertation Award2.IEEE ITSS Best Practice Award for Engineers3.IEEE ITSS Technical Career Achievement Award4.IEEE ITSS Leadership Award for Government,Institutes,and ResearchI am personally looking forward to see the winners of these awards at the ITSC conference in Seattle Sep. 30-Oct.3,2007!IEEE ITSS MEMBERSHIP:OPENING THE WORLD OF ITS TECHNOLOGYRemember to renew Your Membership for2007Join the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society ITSS membership includes the Transactions on ITS:/renewMessage from the VP Technical Activitiesby Daniel ZengDear Colleagues,I would like to take this opportunity to update you about ITSS Technical sub-Committees(TCs).These TCs,organized by ITS subject topics,are a central part of the ITSS Technical Activity Board(TAB).They are expected to promote various areas of ITS research by organizing special sessions at the ITSS-sponsored conferences,editing special sections/issues for the Transactions and the Newsletter,and pursuing other tech-nical activities with partners within or outside of the ITSS.Through eﬀorts in the past couple of years,ITSS has extended the coverage of its TCs signiﬁcantly.Now it has11TCs:•Mobile Communication Networks•Intelligence and Security Informatics for Transportation Systems•Artiﬁcial Transportation Systems and Simulation•Logistics and Services•Railroad Systems and Applications•ITS for Air Traﬃc•Communication Networks•Mechatronic and Embedded Systems in ITS•Port Automation and Management•Vehicle Safety Technologies and Applications•Software Infrastructure in ITSMany TCs have been very active in organizing ITSS events including both ITSS-sponsored conferences and special sessions within ITSS main events.They have also done a superb job reaching out to other profes-sional groups for joint technical activities.These eﬀorts are certainly greatly appreciated by the ITSS and its members!We are continuing the expansion of the TC coverage.In the short term,we are hoping to form3more TCs covering the following critical areas:•Traﬃc and Travel Management•Public Transportation Management•Intelligent Water Transportation SystemsWe are encouraging established researchers in these areas to take the lead in setting up these TCs and certainly welcome our members to participate actively in these TCs.Please drop me an email atzeng@ if you have an interest.Of course,other suggestions about future ITSS technical activities are always welcome as well.Enjoy your summer!Bookreviewby Algirdas Pakstas London Metropolitan UniversityBook Review:Parking Management Best PracticesBy Todd LitmanReviewed by Dr.Farhi Marir,Knowledge Management Research Group,London Metropolitan Univer-sityThis book is written by Todd Litman who is the executive director ofthe Victoria Transport Policy Institute,an independent research organi-zation dedicated to developing innovative solutions to transport problems.His research is used worldwide in transport planning and policy analy-sis.In this book,Litman puts in writing his experience of best prac-tice in parking management,which is a major issue for a large numberof stake holders of parking space;the car drivers who is not happy whenthere is no parking space,the government which can not aﬀord to main-tain large number of parking space,businesses who are not happy becausethey loose their customers when there is not enough parking space,thelocal communities who are asking for better land use and better environ-ment.The book in its introduction put forward strong arguments to the stakeholders that the solution to this conﬂict is not about providing abundantand free parking spaces but it is about managing eﬃciently these parkingspaces instead.The author presents a variety of strategies that encouragemore eﬃcient use of existing parking facilities,improve the quality of serviceprovided to parking facility users and improve parking facility design.He also argues that the strategies put forward can help address a wide range of transportation problems,land use development,economic,and environmental objectives.The author devoted292pages in this book(8Chapters,Glossary and Index)to consolidate his strate-gies and present parking management best practices.Chapter1(Introduction)emphasises that parking is an important component of the transportation system. It presents the beneﬁts of better management of parking space on individual,businesses and communities. It also presents diﬀerent strategies for parking facilities eﬃciency and the parking management principles. Then,in Section two,the author emphasises that parking management represents a paradigm shift from the old paradigm which strives to maximise supply and minimise price to the new paradigm which strives to provide optimal parking supply and price.It consolidates these arguments by providing summaries of cost beneﬁt analysis.Based on this paradigm shift and the results of the cost beneﬁt analyses,the third Section redeﬁnes the parking problem supported by an extensive comparison of the increased supply against management solutions.Chapter2(How Much is Optimal?)focuses on how to achieve the objective of the new paradigm in terms of optimal parking supply and optimal pricing.In theﬁrst Section of this Chapter the author highlights the problem of the planner of the parking supply who,instead of using economic theory to determine optimal parking supply to satisfy the consumers,relies on recommended minimum standards published by profes-sional organisations.Although these standards seem rational and eﬃcient,they are developed based onvarious biases that drive towards excessive parking supply.In Section two and three,the author presents conventional standards limitations and the evidence that they lead to excessive parking supply.Then in Section four,the author presents better ways that determine how much parking to supply.He argues that it will be more eﬃcient to use eﬃciency-based standards that take into account speciﬁc needs of each location and its geographic,demographic,and economic factors.He backed this Chapter with16references and information resources.In Chapter3(Factors Aﬀecting Parking Demand and Requirements),the author argues that many parking management strategies use these factors to increase eﬃciency and reduce the supply of parking needed at a particular location.In Section one,it is discussed how parking demand is aﬀected by parking facility location,type and design and how this compares with other nearby portions.In Section two it is analysed how the geography factor is aﬀecting parking demand.For instance,residents of communities with more diverse transportation systems tend to own fewer cars and take fewer vehicle trips than in more automobile-dependent areas.The third Section is devoted to the demographic factors,which aﬀects vehicle ownership and use where for instance communities composed of students,renters,elderly people with disability tend to own fewer cars.In the last three Sections the author discusses in details how the pricing and regulations, parking mobility management programme and time period aﬀect the parking demands.This Chapter ends with evaluation of multiple factors and33references and information sources used by the author to consoli-date his discussion.In Chapter4(Parking Facility Costs),the author emphasises that the major beneﬁt of parking management is the ability to reduce various parking costs.He states that the magnitude of saving is an important factor when it comes to the evaluation of parking management strategies.In theﬁrstﬁve Sections of this Chapter, the author discusses the costs of parking space in terms of land use,construction of above ground parking, operation and maintenance of parking space,transaction such as cost for equipment,signs,attendants and other associated costs.In the Section seven and eight,the author presents the total and the sunk costs for parking and put some arguments that if an eﬃcient parking management is in place it does not only reduce these costs but provides indirect beneﬁts.In the last three Sections,the author presents an extensive comparisons between parking costs with total development costs and other transaction costs and he also highlights the implication of under priced costs.This Chapter ends with18references and information resources.Chapter5(Parking Management Strategies)is the largest Chapter where three strategies are described and evaluated extensively:strategies that increase parking facilities eﬃciency,strategies that reduce park-ing demand and support strategies.Each strategy is described in details including its impacts on parking demand and requirements,its beneﬁt,costs and consumer impacts,where it could be best applied,how it could be implemented and its lists of useful reference and source of additional information.This Chapter is the core of this book where the author lays out his extensive experience and best practice that could be used by planners to implement an eﬃcient parking management strategy.In this Chapter there are109references and information sources for the strategies that increase parking facilities eﬃciency,102references and infor-mation resources for strategies that reduce parking demand and76references and information resources for support strategies.Chapter6(Developing an Integrated Parking Plan)provides a clear and concise methodology for developing an integrated parking plan that includes an optimal combination of complementary management strategies. It describes the steps for an eﬃcient planning process,providing leadership for innovation and cost beneﬁts analysis in terms additional income,cost saving and increased beneﬁts to users and community.These steps are enhanced with real world example to support the planner in his decisions.This Chapter ends with15 references and information resources.Chapter7(Evaluating Individual Parking Facilities)equips the planner with tools which can help to evalu-ate speciﬁc parking facilities in terms of various parking performance indicators and management strategies. This Chapter is enriched with many examples of well designed and eﬃciently managed parking facilities in contrast to unattractive and poorly managed parking facilities.This Chapter is another additional incentiveand supports the planner for better innovation when there is a need for planning or designing new parking facilities.This Chapter ends with16references and information resources.Chapter8(Examples)is devoted to description of examples/case studies of the various types of parking management.The study includes the description of the situation,a discussion on how practically the park-ing management could be applied,and also the list of appropriate parking management strategies best suited for that situation.This Chapter ends with16references and information resources.Glossary contains a rich set of terms related to Parking Management.Additional Chapter of References contains46references and information resources,which are relevant to the whole area considered in this book.The book is ended with Index on7pages.Parking Management Best Practices,By Todd Litman2006,292p.,Hardcover,ISBN:978-1-932364-05-7Publisher’s recommended price:69.95USDReport on IEEE Trans.on Intelligent Transportation Systems by Alberto BroggiTransactions EiC report,updated June1,2007Number of submissions:The number of submissions is increasing:167in2004,157in2005,234in2006,and97in theﬁrst5 months of2007.Rapid posting:All papers appear on Explore before being printed,thanks to rapid posting.Authors have expressed interest in this way of disseminating their results independently of the actual publication.Please be advised that authors can post their papers on their websites provided they add the speciﬁc disclaimer supplied by IEEE.Special Issues:The following special issues are under way:-special issue on On-the-road Mobile Networks-special issue on ITSC06Type of accepted manuscripts:From Jan1,2007,T-ITS accepts the following type of manuscripts:-regular papers-short papers(formerly known as’technical correspondences’)-survey papers(formerly known as’reviews’)-practitioners papersMaximum number of pages:From the2007September issue,the policy on the maximum number of pages will change:regular papers will be allowed10pages,short papers and practitioners papers6,while there will be no limit to survey papers. Current status:The attachedﬁgure shows:in blue the number of papers submitted in each month from April2003(when we switched to electronic submission),and in red the number of papers still without a decision;this means that either theﬁrst submission did not come to an end,or that a new revision is currently under evaluation. Theﬁgure shows that the trend is positive and,a part from isolated cases,all submitted papers receive a notiﬁcation in a reasonably short time.IEEE Trans.on Intelligent Transportation Systems-Indexby Simona Bert´eWe are happy to present you an extension of this section in which you normally canﬁnd the titles and abstracts of the upcoming issue of our Transactions.To go directly to the online Transactions Table of Contents,click on”Index”above.In addition we will give you the index of the past issue including direct access using a hyperlink.By using this link IEEE ITSS members have full access to the papers.Non-members can browse the abstracts.We hope you will appreciate this new feature.Vol.8,No.2,June2007:this issue is a collection of two special sections(on ITSC05and on ICVES05)•Video and Seismic Sensor-Based Structural Health Monitoring:Framework,Algorithms, and Implementation,by Gandhi,T.,Chang,R.and Trivedi,M.M.Abstract:This paper presents the design and application of novel multisensory testbeds forcollection,synchronization,archival,and analysis of multimodal data for health monitoring oftransportation infrastructures.The framework for data capture from vision and seismic sensorsis described,and the important issue of synchronization between these modalities is addressed.Computer-vision algorithms are used to detect and track vehicles and extract their properties.It isnoted that the video and seismic sensors in the testbed supply complementary information aboutpassing vehicles.Data fusion between features obtained from these modalities is used to per-form vehicle classiﬁcation.Experimental results of vehicle detection,tracking,and classiﬁcationobtained with these testbeds are described.Page(s):169-180Digital Object Identiﬁer10.1109/TITS.2006.888601AbstractPlus—Full Text:PDF(1309KB)Rights and Permissions•Determining Traﬃc-Flow Characteristics by Deﬁnition for Application in ITS,by Ni,D.Abstract:Traﬃc-ﬂow characteristics such asﬂow,density,and space mean speed(SMS)arecritical to Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS).For example,ﬂow is a direct measure ofthroughput,density is an ideal indicator of traﬃc conditions,and SMS is the primary input tocompute travel times.An attractive method to compute traﬃc-ﬂow characteristics in ITS isexpected to meet the following criteria:1)It should be a one-stop solution,meaning it involvesonly one type of sensor that is able to determineﬂow,SMS,and density;2)it should be accurate,meaning it determines these characteristics by deﬁnition rather than by estimation or by usingsurrogates;3)it should preserve the fundamental relationship amongﬂow,SMS,and density;and4)it should be compatible with ITS,meaning it uses ITS data and supports online application.Existing methods may be good for one or some of the above criteria,but none satisﬁes all ofthem.This paper tackles the challenge by formulating a method,called the n−t method,whichaddresses all these criteria.Its accuracy and the fundamental relationship are guaranteed byapplying a generalized deﬁnition of traﬃc-ﬂow characteristics.Inputs to the method are time-stamped traﬃc counts which happen to be the strength of most ITS systems.Some empiricalexamples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the n−t method.Page(s):181-187Digital Object Identiﬁer10.1109/TITS.2006.888621AbstractPlus—Full Text:PDF(607KB)Rights and Permissions•A Traﬃc Accident Recording and Reporting Model at Intersections,by Ki,Y.-K.and Lee, D.-Y.Abstract:In this paper,we suggested a vision-based traﬃc accident detection algorithm and developed a system for automatically detecting,recording,and reporting traﬃc accidents at inter-sections.A system with these properties would be beneﬁcial in determining the cause of accidents and the features of an intersection that impact safety.This modelﬁrst extracts the vehicles from the video image of the charge-couple-device camera,tracks the moving vehicles(MVs),and ex-tracts features such as the variation rate of the velocity,position,area,and direction of MVs.The model then makes decisions on the traﬃc accident based on the extracted features.In aﬁeld test,the suggested model achieved a correct detection rate(CDR)of50%and a detection rate of 60%.Considering that a sound-based accident detection system showed a CDR of1%and a DR of66.1%,our result is a remarkable achievement.Page(s):188-194Digital Object Identiﬁer10.1109/TITS.2006.890070AbstractPlus—Full Text:PDF(506KB)Rights and Permissions•Elucidating Vehicle Lateral Dynamics Using a Bifurcation Analysis,by Liaw,D.-C.,Chiang, H.-H.and Lee,T.-T.Abstract:Issues of stability and bifurcation phenomena in vehicle lateral dynamics are pre-sented.Based on the assumption of constant driving speed,a second-order nonlinear lateral dynamics model is obtained.Local stability and existence conditions for saddle-node bifurcation appearing in vehicle dynamics with respect to the variations in front wheel steering angle are then derived via system linearization and local bifurcation analysis.Bifurcation phenomena occurring in vehicle lateral dynamics might result in spin and/or system instability.A perturbation method is employed to solve for an approximation of system equilibrium near the zero value of the front wheel steering angle,which reveals the relationship between sideslip angle and the applied front wheel angle.Numerical simulations from an example model demonstrate the theoretical results. Page(s):195-207Digital Object Identiﬁer10.1109/TITS.2006.888598AbstractPlus—Full Text:PDF(868KB)Rights and Permissions•Conﬂict Resolution and Train Speed Coordination for Solving Real-Time Timetable Per-turbations,by D’Ariano,A.,Pranzo,M.and Hansen,I.A.Abstract:During rail operations,unforeseen events may cause timetable perturbations,which ask for the capability of traﬃc management systems to reschedule trains and to restore the timetable feasibility.Based on an accurate monitoring of train positions and speeds,potential conﬂicting routes can be predicted in advance and resolved in real time.The adjusted targets (locationtimespeed)would be then communicated to the relevant trains by which drivers should be able to anticipate the changed traﬃc circumstances and adjust the train’s speed accordingly.We adopt a detailed alternative graph model for the train dispatching problem.Conﬂicts be-tween diﬀerent trains are eﬀectively detected and solved.Adopting the blocking time model, we ascertain whether a safe distance headway between trains is respected,and we also consider speed coordination issues among consecutive trains.An iterative rescheduling procedure provides an acceptable speed proﬁle for each train over the intended time horizon.After aﬁnite number of iterations,theﬁnal solution is a conﬂict-free schedule that respects the signaling and safety constraints.A computational study based on a hourly cyclical timetable of the Schiphol railway network has been carried out.Our automated dispatching system provides better solutions in terms of delay minimization when compared to dispatching rules that can be adopted by a human traﬃc controller.Page(s):208-222Digital Object Identiﬁer10.1109/TITS.2006.888605AbstractPlus—Full Text:PDF(728KB)Rights and Permissions•Maximum Freedom Last Scheduling Algorithm for Downlinks of DSRC Networks,by Chang,C.-J.,Cheng,R.-G.,Shih,H.-T.and Chen,Y.-S.Abstract:This paper proposes a maximum freedom last(MFL)scheduling algorithm for down-links,from the roadside unit to the onboard unit(OBU),of dedicated short-range communication networks in intelligent transportation systems,to minimize the system handoﬀrate under the maximum tolerable delay constraint.The MFL scheduling algorithm schedules the service or-dering of OBUs according to their degree of freedom,which is determined by factors such as remaining dwell time of service channel,remaining transmission time,queueing delay,and max-imum tolerable delay.The algorithm gives the smallest chance of service to the OBU with the largest remaining dwell time,the smallest remaining transmission time,and the largest weighting factor,which is a function of the queueing delay and the maximum tolerable delay.Simulation results show that the MFL scheduling algorithm outperforms the traditionalﬁrst-comeﬁrst-serve and earliest-deadline-ﬁrst methods in terms of service failure and system handoﬀrates.Page(s):223-232Digital Object Identiﬁer10.1109/TITS.2006.889440AbstractPlus—Full Text:PDF(621)Rights and Permissions•Collision Avoidance for Vehicle-Following Systems,by Gehrig,S.K.and Stein,F.J.Abstract:The vehicle-following concept has been widely used in several intelligent-vehicle appli-cations.Adaptive cruise control systems,platooning systems,and systems for stop-and-go traﬃc employ this concept:The ego vehicle follows a leader vehicle at a certain distance.The vehicle-following concept comes to its limitations when obstacles interfere with the path between the ego vehicle and the leader vehicle.We call such situations dynamic driving situations.This paper introduces a planning and decision component to generalize vehicle following to situations with nonautomated interfering vehicles in mixed traﬃc.As a demonstrator,we employ a car that is able to navigate autonomously through regular traﬃc that is longitudinally and laterally guided by actuators controlled by a computer.This paper focuses on and limits itself to lateral control for collision avoidance.Previously,this autonomous-driving capability was purely based on the vehicle-following concept using vision.The path of the leader vehicle was tracked.To extend this capability to dynamic driving situations,a dynamic path-planning component is introduced.Several driving situations are identiﬁed that necessitate responses to more than the leader vehicle.We borrow an idea from robotics to solve the problem.Treat the path of the leader vehicle as an elastic band that is subjected to repelling forces of obstacles in the surroundings.This elastic-band framework oﬀers the necessary features to cover dynamic driving situations.Simulation results show the power of this approach.Real-world results obtained with our demonstrator validate the simulation results.Page(s):233-244Digital Object Identiﬁer10.1109/TITS.2006.888594AbstractPlus—Full Text:PDF(530KB)Rights and Permissions。

泉州市2022届高中毕业班质量监测(三)英语试题及解析版

14. What is the man concerned about?
A. Limited food choices.B. Unrecyclable garbage.C. Environmental damage.
15. What does the woman advise the man to do in the end?
A.Fine books on advertising.B.Documents in various forms.
ndscape of the future.D.Clippings of newcomers.
2.What is the advantage of a foundation member?
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.请保持答题卡整洁，避免折叠。考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
Alongside 19th century county histories, and gold rush diaries are books on Sierra Nevada geology (地质) studies of Los Angeles urban design,and the future of California’s people.
A. Ambiguous.B. Disapproving.C. Understanding.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the man doing?

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE) Instructions for Authors

Frontiers of Environme ntal Science & Engineerin gINSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORSGeneral IntroductionFrontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE) is an authoritative source of information for professionals in a wide range of environmental science and engineering, supervi s ed by the Ministry of E ducation of China, administered by Higher E ducation P ress of China and Tsinghua University, and jointly published by Higher E ducation P ress of China and Springer on a quarterly basis in E nglish. The journal is published both in print and online. Online versions are available both at and . FE SE has no page charges.Types of PapersThe follow ing types of papers can be submitted to the journal:(a) A RE SE ARCH FULL P APER is a contribution describing original research, including theoretical exposition, extensive data and in-depth critical evaluation, and is peer reviewed. 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Authors are encouraged to submit the copyright together with submitting the manuscript.Authors are asked to return by email or fax the signed statement of copyright transfer to the E ditorial Office of Frontiers of E nvironmental Science & E ngineering in China.Preparation of Electronic Versions & SubmissionSubmission to this journal proceeds totally online (/fese).The website guides authors stepwise through the creation and uploading of the various files. Note that original source files, not P DF files, are required. Once the submission files are uploaded, the system automatically generates an electronic (P DF) proof, which is then used for reviewing. All correspondence, including the editor's decision and request for revisions, will be sent by e-mail. After review ing process, the manuscript will be finally judged by one of the responsible editors who have the right to accept or reject a paper.Submission Requirements:a. 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Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.Essential title page informationTitleThe title of the paper should be explicit, descriptive and as brief as possible – no more than 20 words in length. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.Running titleA short version of the paper title (up to 80 characters including space).A uthor names and affiliationsWhere t he family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicat e this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately aft er the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full post al address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.Corresponding authorClearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. The telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address of the corresponding author should be given.AbstractA concise and factual abstract of up to 250 words is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major message. An abstract is often presented separatel y from the arti c le, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Also, abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.KeywordsImmediat ely after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords separated by commas, avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. 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Conflicts of interest and financial disclosures must be listed in this section. Authors should obtain w ritten permission to include the names of individuals in the Acknow ledgment sectionA ppendixes (if needed)Appendix AA1, A2, A3…Appendix BAppendix C…The template of FESE is also available on website; kindly advice to check it for getting clearer.c. Manuscript for review papersReviews give a general overview of a particular field, providing the reader with an appreciation of the importance of the work, historical context, a summary of recent developments, and a starting point in the specialist literature. Manuscripts should be divided into appropriate sections, w ith an extensive list of references. In addition to undergoing the same rigorous level of technical peer-review as Research papers, Review papers will be critiqued based on the general impact of the field being reviewed, the relevance of the field to experimental mechanics, preexi s ting reviews of the field, and acknowledgement of the contributing author as a dominant figure in the field. Therefore, it i s strongl y recommended that authors interested in submitting a Review article correspond with the E ditor prior to submission. General formatting text, illustrations, and references are the same as outlined for researchpapers.d. Citations and ReferencesIn-text citations must agree w ith the references in either numbering or order. The references should be presented completely and w ithout mistakes, and should be the original publication. References cited in the text should be numbered consecutively by Arabi c numerals. In the reference section, references should be listed in the same order as cited in the text. 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New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1982 (for monographs)5.Schlessinger D, Schaechter M. Bacterial toxins. In: Schaechter M, Medoff G, Eisenstein BI, editors. Mechanisms of microbial disease. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1993, 162―175 (for a chapter in a b ook)6.Liu C X. Study on the measures for improving constructed wetlands’ performance in treating domestic wastewater. Dissertation for the Doctoral Deg ree. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2003 (in C hinese) (for dissertations)7.Cui F Y, Ren G. Pilot study of process of bathing wastewater treatment for reuse. In: Proceedings of the International Water Association C onference 2005, Xi’an. Beijing: C hina Architecture & Building Press, 2005, 87―92 (for proceedings)8.Polito V S. Calmodulin and calmodulin inhibitors: Effect on pollen germination and tube growth. In: Mulvshy D L, Ottaviaro E, eds. Pollen: Biology and Implication for Plant Breeding. New York: Elsevier, 1983, 53―60 (for symposiu m)The digital object identifier (DOI) may be used to cite and link to electronic documents. Consisting of a unique alpha-numeric character string whi c h is assigned to a document by the publisher upon the initial electroni c publication, DOI is an ideal medium for citing a document, particularl y "P apers in press" because they have not yet recei v ed their full bibliographic information. The correct format for citing a DOI is shown as follows (example taken from a document in the Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation): doi:10.1016/sns.2007.05.034e. NotificationThe corresponding author will be notified by the editors of the acceptance of article and invited to supply an electronic version of the accepted text, i f this is not already available.f. 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住房公积金数据质量提升工作计划和方案

住房公积金数据质量提升工作计划和方案The improvement plan and strategy for the quality of housing provident fund dataIntroduction:The housing provident fund plays a crucial role in providing financial support to individuals for purchasing or renting a home. However, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data related to this fund is essential for its proper functioning. In order to enhance the quality of housing provident fund data, we have devised a comprehensive plan that encompasses various strategies and steps.Data Collection:One of the key factors in ensuring high-quality data for the housing provident fund is proper data collection methods. It is imperative to establish a standardized and efficient system that accurately captures relevantinformation from contributors and employers. By employing digital platforms, online applications, and automated processes, we can streamline the data collection process while minimizing errors.Data Validation:Validating the accuracy of collected data is crucial for maintaining reliable information within the housing provident fund system. To achieve this, employing rigorous validation techniques such as cross-referencing withofficial IDs, bank statements, employment contracts, and income documents will assist in detecting any discrepancies or fraudulent activities effectively.Data Integration:To enhance overall efficiency, it is necessary to integrate disparate datasets from different entities involved in managing and overseeing the housing provident fund system. By integrating databases from banks, employers, government agencies, and other relevant stakeholders, we can ensure acomprehensive view of an individual's financial information without redundant entries or outdated records.Data Standardization:Standardizing formats and specifications for housing provident fund data ensures consistency across the system. This includes establishing rules for encoding personal information, transactional details, employer contributions, interest calculations, loan disbursements, etc. Such standardization not only enhances data quality but also facilitates seamless exchanges among different systems or platforms.Data Security:Given the sensitivity and confidentiality associated with personal financial information within the housing provident fund framework, robust security measures are paramount. Implementing encrypted channels for transmitting data as well as employing strict access controls, regular security audits, and proactive measures against cybersecuritythreats will safeguard the integrity and privacy of the data.Quality Assurance and Monitoring:To continuously monitor and maintain data quality, a comprehensive quality assurance framework should be put in place. This involves regular checks on data completeness, accuracy, consistency, and timeliness. Additionally, implementing mechanisms for feedback collection from users or beneficiaries will provide insights into any issues or areas for improvement.Conclusion:Improving the quality of housing provident fund data requires a holistic approach that encompasses various aspects of data collection, validation, integration, standardization, security, and monitoring. By implementing these strategies effectively and continuously assessing their effectiveness, we can ensure that the housing provident fund system operates with reliable and accuratedata to support individuals in their housing needs.引言：住房公积金在为个人购房或租房提供财务支持方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

信息的丰富造成了注意力的贫乏英文作文

信息的丰富造成了注意力的贫乏英文作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The abundance of information in today's digital age has led to a scarcity of attention. With the rise of the internet and social media, we are constantly bombarded with endless streams of information, notifications, and distractions. As a result, our attention spans have become shorter, and our ability to focus on a single task has diminished.One of the main contributors to the lack of attention is the phenomenon of "information overload". We are constantly being exposed to a vast amount of data and content, making it difficult to filter out what is important and what is irrelevant. This leads to a sense of overwhelm and a constant need to consume more information to stay connected and informed.Furthermore, the rise of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter has exacerbated the problem. These platforms are designed to capture and hold our attention for as long as possible, with endless scrolling feeds, notifications, and alerts. The constant need for validation and socialinteraction on these platforms has trained our brains to seek out instant gratification and novelty, leading to a shorter attention span.In addition, the constant connectivity of smartphones and other devices has made it almost impossible to escape the barrage of information. We are constantly checking our phones for messages, emails, and social media updates, even when we should be focusing on more important tasks.The implications of this attention deficit are far-reaching. It affects our ability to concentrate, to think deeply, and to engage in meaningful conversations. It also impacts our mental health, leading to increased stress, anxiety, and feelings of disconnection.So, what can we do to combat this attention deficit in a world of information overload? One solution is to practice mindfulness and to limit our exposure to digital devices. By setting boundaries and taking breaks from technology, we can train our brains to focus on one task at a time and to be more present in the moment.Another solution is to prioritize the information we consume and to be more selective about the sources we trust. By being more discerning about the content we engage with, we canavoid the trap of mindlessly scrolling through endless feeds of irrelevant information.In conclusion, the abundance of information in today's digital age has led to a scarcity of attention. However, by being mindful of our consumption habits and taking steps to limit our exposure to distractions, we can reclaim our focus and attention in a world that is constantly vying for it.篇2With the increasing amount of information available to us today, it is no surprise that attention spans are becoming shorter and shorter. The abundance of information from the internet, social media, and other sources has led to a phenomenon known as attention deficit, where individuals have difficulty focusing on one task or piece of information for an extended period of time. This has serious implications for our ability to learn, make decisions, and interact with others.One of the main reasons for this attention deficit is the constant bombardment of information from multiple sources. We are constantly checking our phones, scrolling through social media feeds, and being exposed to advertisements and notifications. This constant stream of information hasdesensitized us to the point where we are no longer able to filter out irrelevant information and focus on what is important.Another factor contributing to attention deficit is the way in which information is presented to us. With the rise of clickbait headlines, catchy thumbnails, and algorithms that prioritize sensationalist content, it has become increasingly difficult for us to discern between valuable information and distracting noise. As a result, we are more likely to give in to our impulses and consume content that is easy to digest, rather than engaging with more complex and thought-provoking material.Furthermore, the prevalence of multitasking in our daily lives has also had a negative impact on our attention spans. We have become so accustomed to juggling multiple tasks at once that we have forgotten how to focus on one thing at a time. This constant switching between tasks has been shown to decrease our ability to concentrate, retain information, and make decisions.So, what can be done to address this issue? One approach is to cultivate mindfulness and practice techniques such as meditation and deep breathing to improve our ability to focus and filter out distractions. Setting boundaries for the amount of time we spend on digital devices and creating a designated timefor focused work can also help us regain control over our attention spans.In conclusion, the wealth of information available to us today has created a scarcity of attention. In order to combat this issue, it is important for us to be mindful of our consumption habits, prioritize quality over quantity, and cultivate a focused mindset. By taking these steps, we can reclaim our attention and engage more deeply with the world around us.篇3The Era of Information Abundance: Attention ScarcityIntroductionIn today's digital age, we are bombarded with an overwhelming amount of information on a daily basis. From social media updates and breaking news alerts to emails and advertisements, we are constantly surrounded by a sea of information. This abundance of information has led to a new problem - attention scarcity. In this essay, we will explore how the richness of information has caused a scarcity of attention and its impact on individuals and society.The Rise of Information AbundanceThe rise of the internet and digital technology has revolutionized the way we access and consume information. With just a few clicks, we can now access a vast amount of information on any topic imaginable. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier than ever to stay connected and informed. News websites and online publications provide real-time updates on current events from around the world. The convenience of technology has made it possible for us to be constantly connected and informed.The Paradox of ChoiceWhile the abundance of information may seem like a positive development, it has also created a paradox of choice. With so much information available to us, it can be difficult to filter out the noise and focus on what truly matters. We are constantly bombarded with distractions that pull our attention in a thousand different directions. This constant state of distraction can make it challenging to concentrate, make decisions, and prioritize tasks.Impact on Attention SpanThe constant exposure to information overload has also taken a toll on our attention span. Studies have shown that the average attention span has decreased significantly in recentyears, with some researchers attributing this trend to the overwhelming amount of information we are exposed to daily. Our brains have become accustomed to processing information in bite-sized pieces, making it difficult to focus on long-form content or complex tasks that require sustained attention.The Cost of MultitaskingIn an effort to keep up with the barrage of information coming our way, many of us have turned to multitasking as a coping mechanism. We may check our emails while watching TV, scroll through social media while having a conversation, or listen to a podcast while working. While multitasking may seem like an efficient way to juggle multiple tasks at once, research has shown that it can actually hinder productivity and cognitive performance. Constantly switching between tasks can lead to mental fatigue, decreased focus, and impaired decision-making.The Rise of Digital AddictionThe constant stimulation from digital devices and online platforms has also contributed to the rise of digital addiction. Many of us have developed a dependence on our smartphones, social media, and other digital technologies, leading to compulsive behavior and a constant need for validation in the form of likes, comments, and shares. This addiction to digitalstimuli can have negative effects on our mental health, relationships, and overall well-being.Finding Balance in the Digital AgeIn order to combat the effects of information overload and attention scarcity, it is important to find a balance in the digital age. Here are some strategies to help manage your attention in a world of information abundance:1. Set boundaries: Establish designated times to check your email and social media, and limit your screen time to reduce distractions.2. Practice mindfulness: Take breaks throughout the day to focus on the present moment and recharge your mental energy.3. Prioritize tasks: Identify your most important tasks and tackle them one at a time, rather than trying to multitask.4. Disconnect: Unplug from technology regularly to give your brain a break and reconnect with the real world.5. Seek help: If you find yourself struggling with digital addiction or attention issues, don't hesitate to seek support from a mental health professional.ConclusionThe era of information abundance has reshaped the way we access and consume information, but it has also created a new challenge - attention scarcity. In order to thrive in a world of constant distractions and digital stimuli, it is important to prioritize our attention, set boundaries, and find a balance that works for us. By being mindful of our digital habits and taking steps to manage our attention, we can navigate the complexities of the digital age with greater clarity and focus.。

出资人实物出资的会计账务处理流程

出资人实物出资的会计账务处理流程1.企业接受出资人提供的实物出资时，需要确认实物的种类、数量和价值。

When a company accepts contributions in kind from investors, it needs to confirm the type, quantity, and value of the assets.2.确认实物出资的价值需要进行评估，并由专业评估机构出具评估报告。

The value of the in-kind contribution needs to be assessed and a appraisal report issued by a professional evaluation institution.3.评估报告需要包括实物的描述、估价方法和评估结论。

The appraisal report should include a description of the assets, valuation methods, and evaluation conclusions.4.企业应按照评估报告的价值确认实物出资的价值，并据此为出资人在公司的出资额做账务处理。

The company should confirm the value of the in-kind contribution based on the appraisal report, and use this as the basis for accounting for the investor's contribution in the company.5.在会计凭证中，实物出资的部分应该以资产的方式体现在资产负债表中。

In the accounting voucher, the portion of the in-kind contribution should be reflected as an asset in the balance sheet.6.同时，公司需要确认出资人在公司的出资额，以及相关权益的变动。

思辨类作文掉落摘抄

思辨类作文掉落摘抄In today's fast-paced society, critical thinking skills are more important than ever. People are constantly bombarded with information from a wide variety of sources, and being able to evaluate and analyze that information is crucial. Without strong critical thinking skills, individuals are more likely to fall prey to misinformation and manipulation.在当今快节奏的社会里，批判性思维能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。

人们不断受到各种信息的轰炸，具备评估和分析这些信息的能力至关重要。

如果缺乏强大的批判性思维能力，个人更容易受到错误信息和操纵的影响。

One of the key benefits of developing strong critical thinking skills is the ability to make informed decisions. By carefully considering the evidence and reasoning behind different viewpoints, individuals can make more thoughtful and rational choices in both their personal and professional lives. This can lead to better outcomes and a deeper understanding of complex issues.发展强大的批判性思维能力的一个关键优势是能够做出明智的决策。

英文报告格式要求

英文报告格式要求摘自PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS，(Revised July 2007) /info/infoL.html∙Submission/Resubmission∙Prior disclosure∙Limitations on use of fax∙Notice of acceptance; proofs∙General∙Length∙Title, abstract, bylines∙Mathematics∙Acknowledgments∙References and footnotes∙Tables and figuresThis journal, and more detailed information about it, can be found on the World Wide Web at the URL /. Prospective authors are particularly advised to consult the information accessible via the Authors and Manuscript Submission subpages. Those looking for a specific known file may find it more convenient to consult the alphabetical listing available at the Author Forms subpage at /author.html.Manuscripts may be submitted by a variety of electronic modes (including viae-print servers, direct Web upload, and email), or by conventional mail, but not by fax. Web or e-print submission is strongly preferred. Interactive submission forms are an integral part of the submission process for the e-print and Web modes. These forms aid authors in supplying all the information needed in a structured format which furthers efficient processing; they also provide a locatio n for additional “free form” information.Please specify the author to whom correspondence should be addressed, and give all available communications information for this individual (postal and email addresses, phone and fax numbers), since in various circumstances they may all be useful. Please specify journal and section to which the paper is submitted, and give PACS (Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme®) index categories for the work. The scheme is available at /PACS/.A copyright-transfer form should be sent as part of your submission. While the transfer of copyright takes effect only upon acceptance of the paper for publication in an APS journal, supplying the form initially can prevent unnecessary delays.Authors submitting via the Web may fill out and submit the form electronically as part of the submission process. Authors submitting via email or conventional mail should download the form, available via /, and send a signed hard copy to the Editorial Office (we cannot accept forms sent via email). Be sure to use the current version, available via the above URL.Papers should be written in scientific English, in a style consistent with that of the journal. The total length of a Letter should not exceed 4 journal pages; a Comment, 1 page. (Guidelines for estimating the length of manuscripts are available on the Author Forms subpage at /author.html and at the end of some issues of the journal.) Submission is a representation that the work is not now being considered for publication elsewhere. Proper text reference must be made to portions previously publishedor scheduled for publication, including conference proceedings. See "Prior Disclosure," Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2101 (1984).Properly prepared electronic submissions that can be used directly in the APS electronic editorial process are eligible for a publication-charge discount. Those submissions that follow closely the APS REVTeX and Word formatting guidelines may qualify for the compuscript production program, under which author-supplied files are converted directly to production format and markup, rather than being rekeyed. For detailed information about electronic submissions, please see/ESUB.Manuscripts sent by conventional mail should be submitted to the Editors, Physical Review Letters, 1 Research Road, Ridge, NY 11961-2701. The manuscript must be printed (double spaced) on one side of the paper only.Manuscripts and figures are not routinely returned to authors. Authors should indicate (preferably on initial submittal) if they want the manuscript and/or figures returned when correspondence is sent during the editorial process, and/or after a final decision has been made.When a manuscript is resubmitted, please include a summary of changes made and a brief response to all recommendations and criticisms. The interactive resubmission forms available on our Web server may be used for electronic-mail, Web-upload, and hard-copy transmission of modified manuscripts and figures. These forms should also be used when a manuscript previously submitted to one APS journal is resubmitted to another. When resubmitting electronically, send the complete file for the text if there have been any changes. Please refer to the online documentation for more detailed instructions. If the resubmission is by conventional mail, send four copies of the revised manuscript (with figures) and include theresubmission form or equivalent information. For any resubmission, please state whether or not the figures have been modified, and supply newPostScript-formatted figures or scanner-reproducible figures if there have been such changes. It is only necessary to resend the “original” figures if the previous versions are no longer valid. Please update any other information (e.g., address and communication information) that has changed or will change since initial submission.Fax transmission of a message to the editor, summary of changes made to the paper, or response to reviewer comments is sometimes usable by the editorial office. Nevertheless, because of the unreliable quality of faxed copy and our limited facilities for handling such correspondence we prefer that conventional, overnight, or electronic mail be used instead.Material for publication (manuscripts, replacement pages, figures) that is sent by fax is generally unusable for review or production purposes. If you have minimal changes to your paper, we might be able to accommodate them by copying them to the good copy in the editorial office. If the changes are involved or numerous, this will not be possible. You can send pages for substitution but be sure to mark the changes so we can judge what is required if we are to consider transcribing them. In any case, send good copy by conventional or overnight mail as soon as possible. We may not be able to proceed until it arrives.Authors are notified by electronic mail or fax of the editorial acceptance of their article. When a revised manuscript or electronic file is received after that, corrections are made by our production vendor to their SGML file already in existence. If the revisions are not separately and explicitly described, the author may be requested by the editorial office to provide such a description. When technical or styling questions arise during the production process, we attempt to contact the author by phone, electronic mail, or fax. Authors are given the opportunity to examine proofs, normally via the Web.The following are general guidelines for preparation of a conventional manuscript or a compuscript. In addition, memos regarding production requirements appear at the end of some issues of the journal. For general format and style consult recent issues of this journal and the Physical Review Style and Notation Guide at/STYLE/. Additional style guidelines can be found in the Fourth Edition of the AIP Style Manual, available at/pubservs/style.html.A manuscript, comprising all material which is to be set in type, must be typewritten (except possibly for mathematical expressions and Greek letters; seebelow), double spaced (3 lines per inch, at least 6 mm of white space between lines) in type size such that there are 90 characters/6 in., on one side only of goodquality, white, approximately 8.5 x 11-in. (or A4) paper, with margins of at least 1 in. along four edges. A clear, sharp, nonerasable, black-on-white reproduction on hard-surfaced paper is acceptable as the "original." Number all pages (including the title page). Include copies of any figures at the end of the manuscript.Mathematical expressions should be typed, or neatly written in ink. The prime requisite is that the copy shall be clear to the production keyboarder, who is neithera physicist nor a mathematician. Unusual or ambiguous symbols (see table on page21 of the Style Manual) should be identified by marginal notes at first appearance and subsequently when confusion might arise; for nonalphabetic symbols, give the number found on pages 44 and 45 of the Style Manual. Mark superscripts with an inverted caret below, and subscripts with a caret above, if necessary. Three-vectors and dyadics are set in boldface type (mark with a black-pencil, wiggly underline).Editorial marking by authors, except for the resolution of ambiguities as discussed above, is rarely of sufficient value to warrant the effort.The author must carefully proofread the paper to eliminate grammatical errors, misspellings, and omission of symbols. The text should be directed at a general readership, not specialists. Avoid acronyms and jargon, even if they seem of common usage. If unavoidable, define them in the text. Notation should be unambiguous, concise, and consistent with standard usage. Introduce new terminology or notation only when clearly needed. Indent all paragraphs. Use the solidus (slash) only to denote division of mathematical quantities, to denote (optionally) an interface between materials [e.g., Ag/Cu(001)], and in "and/or." Its meaning when used between words is usually imprecise; use the proper conjunction or punctuation.The length of the paper is crucial. Avoid excess white space in figures; unneeded numbering of displayed equations may add length; references which are incomplete may lead to an underestimate of the length; and note that right-adjusted text or text with very nonuniform line length is subject to greater error in its estimated length. Also note that equations in text (undisplayed) must be simple; some equations which are presented in text may need to be displayed in the journal and thus add to the length.Ideally, figures are planned for reduction to final journal size on the basis of their content and detail. The size of lettering should be chosen with this in mind. If the lettering is drafted too small, full reduction will not be possible; the length will have been underestimated. At final reduction, the size of the smallest capital letters and numerals is to be at least 2 mm.Ultimately it is the responsibility of the author to provide a paper of the proper length. The Editorial Office attempts to provide some guidance. A quick-count formula is applied to each new paper. The staff makes a more careful estimate of the publication length of those whose quick count exceeds a limit value, and reports the calculation to the author. In a case of excessive length, the paper must be shortened prior to review. In a case of the estimated length being close to the final limit, the author is advised to make the next version shorter. The length restriction applies to all versions of a paper. Upon acceptance of a paper for publication, length is again considered by the staff; the author may be requested to supply the shortened version before production can proceed. The composition of the paper into journal pages is the final criterion. If the length is still excessive, publication is delayed until satisfactory cuts are obtained.The title should be concise, but informative enough to instruct the nonexpert reader and to facilitate information retrieval. Do not introduce new terminology in titles. There must be an abstract (double spaced) of no more than 600 characters, including spaces, which should be self-contained (no footnotes) for use in abstracting journals and databases. Comments and Replies should not include an abstract.The names of authors may be listed in any order in the byline between the title and abstract. If the number of authors exceeds 40, the authors will be listed in the Table of Contents as, e.g., A. Jones et al. The author who submits the paper should ensure that all persons listed as authors approve the inclusion of their names, and check that the form of each name is the one normally used by that author.Byline addresses are set directly under the author names. They are intended to indicate the institution where the research was done. These addresses usually consist of department or division, institution, city, state or country. Street addresses, post office boxes, etc., may be included; zip and postal codes are proper.A limited number of byline formats are allowed: Authors may be grouped together by institution(s), with the name and location of their institution(s) following each group. It is permissible to have two groups from a single institution (different departments). A more concise presentation is a single list of authors followed by the list of institutions. A variant of this form, to show specific affiliations, is to use a key to link each author to his or her institution(s) unambiguously. The key consists of a superscript numeral, and is placed, in order, at the beginning of each institution listing; each author's name then carries the appropriate key(s). It is also permitted to give a group (collaboration) name in addition to the single full list of authors' names. The group name is put in parentheses, between the end of the list of authorsand the beginning of the list of institutions. If the number of authors exceeds 40 the group name will appear in the Table of Contents.Byline Endnotes to an author's name or address are intended to facilitate locating or communicating with an author. In many cases, it can be helpful to identify an author as "spokesperson" or "author to whom correspondence should be addressed." Endnotes giving email addresses of one or more corresponding authors are strongly encouraged. All information concerning research support should appear in the acknowledgments. Endnotes which describe an author's position or title are not acceptable. Endnotes are labeled with superscript *, †, ‡, etc., or a, b, c, etc. and lead the list of footnotes.Punctuate mathematical expressions and displayed equations as part of the sentence. In general, use single-letter symbols for mathematical quantities in equations and expressions, possibly with subscript or superscript indices or labels and with argument(s) in parentheses. There are a few well established multiletter exceptions, such as the trigonometric functions. Avoid complicated superscripts and subscripts. Avoid frequent repetition of a complicated mathematical expression; represent it by some convenient symbol. Use the form exp (·) in cases of long or complicated arguments. Except for the square root of a simple quantity without superscripts, use fractional exponents instead of the radical sign. Avoid the use of bars over extended expressions. Avoid the use of diacritical marks (tildes, etc.) over groups of symbols, as well as the use of double oversymbols (e.g., a caret over a tilde). Use the solidus (/) or negative exponents for fractions in running text, and in displayed equations when this does not reduce clarity. When the extent of a denominator is ambiguous, use appropriate bracketing to ensure clarity. Give the base of logarithms (e.g., ln, log10, log2). "Dangling" decimal points should be preceded or followed by zeros or deleted, as appropriate. Displayed equations should be punctuated and aligned to bring out their structure. Put equation numbers in parentheses at the right-hand margin.Three-vectors and dyadics are commonly set in boldface type. Four-vectors are set in italic type for Latin letters, and in ordinary type for Greek letters. Vectors in more than four dimensions may be set in either boldface or lightface (italic for Latin letters) type. More general quantities, such as matrices, operators, etc., should generally not be distinguished from scalars typographically unless essential to avoid confusion; in that case, either boldface or some sort of "decoration," such as a caret, is satisfactory. Do not use the center dot to indicate multiplication of scalars.A final acknowledgments paragraph may be used to recognize named individuals who contributed scientifically to the specific research of the paper, to cite the funding agencies that provided financial support for the work, and to note theaffiliation of institutions in the byline with a larger system. The statement of thanks for help should be simple and may not be a dedication or memorial. References to memberships, positions, titles, and awards are inappropriate, as are dates associated with funding. It is unnecessary to give the exact form, e.g., fellowship, scholarship, program name, in which funding was granted.Footnotes, both references and remarks, must be numbered consecutively in order of citation, and be given in a double-spaced list at the end of the main text. The journal does not use bottom-of-page footnotes. Order a reference cited in a figure or table caption as if cited when the figure or table is first mentioned in the text. Cite footnotes in text, captions, or other footnotes in the form "Smith, Doe, and Jones [2]," "recent experiments [1,4-6]," or "(see Ref. [8])." The names of all authors of cited papers should normally be given in the references except when the number of authors is very large (say, more than 10). If the length limit is a problem, the name of the first author followed by et al. (no comma before et) may be used for cited papers with four or more authors. References to papers published in peer-reviewed journals are considered primary references. References to e-print archives should not be used in place of primary references. The reference should cite: journal name, volume number, page, and year (in the case of translation journals, give information for original and translation); conference name (or topic), place, year, editor(s), publisher, and year of publication; book title, editor(s), publisher, and year of publication; report issuing institution in full and identification number of the report (give title if number not available). Some examples of proper form follow (also consult recent issues of the journal).J. M. Smith, R. Brown, and C. Green, Phys. Rev. B 26, 1 (1982); Nucl. Phys. A195, 1 (1982).J. M. Smith, Phys. Rev. D (to be published); R. Brown, Phys. Rev. B 26, 706(E) (1982).J. M. Smith, Molecular Dynamics (Academic, New York, 1980), Vol. 20, p. 20.R. Brown, in Charge Density Waves in Solids, edited by C. Green, Modern Problems in Condensed Matter Sciences Vol. 25 (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1989).C. Green, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Report No. MAD/PH/650, 1991.J. M. Smith et al., in Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on CP Violation, Calcutta, June 1990 (unpublished).It is important to confirm the accuracy of bibliographic information in references. This has become more important now that the journal is online. Hyperlinks will be programmed to enable readers to "click" on references and jump directly to thematerial cited. If your reference citations are incorrect or incomplete (e.g., missing author name, or an incorrect volume number or page), the associated hyperlinks may fail, and the usefulness of your paper in the online environment may be diminished. Since at the present time such links work only from the reference section, work cited anywhere in the paper, including in figure and table captions and in “Note(s) added,” should be included in the reference section.Separate tables, numbered in the order in which they are referred to in text, should be used for all but the simplest tabular material. Include them after the reference and footnotes. Each table must have a caption (double spaced) that makes the table intelligible without reference to the text. Column headings should be simple and contain all units; symbols should be explained in the caption. Use a single horizontal rule to separate headings and entries. Use horizontally running space to distinguish broad groups among entries, and extra vertically running space for columnar groups. Vertical rules should not be used. Denote footnotes in a table by superscriptlower-case roman letters, and list at the end of the table.Figures should be planned for the column width (8.6 cm or 3 3/8 in.) of the journal. If the detail shown requires it, 1.5 or 2 columns may be used. A note should be left on or with such figures. Final-journal-size originals or prints are preferable to oversized originals. Authors are encouraged to submit all figures electronically, even if the text of the manuscript is not submitted electronically; refer to the online instructions for more details. Figures submitted on paper should be of high quality and suitable for digital scanning, which is done at 600 or 1200 dpi depending on the level of detail; original ink drawings or glossy prints are acceptable. Be advised that the scanner reproduces all imperfections (e.g., correction fluid, tape, smudges, writing on the back of the figure, etc.). All figures must be prepared so that the details can be seen after reproduction. They must have a clear background and unbroken lines with as much black- white contrast as possible. The symbol width and lettering height on the journal page should be at least 2 mm. Avoid small open symbols that tend to fill in, small dots and decimal points, and shading orcross-hatching that is not coarse enough to withstand reproduction. Curves should be smooth; curves and lines should have consistent line widths of sufficient weight [final weight of at least 0.18 mm (0.5 point)]. The resolution of the drawing software and output device should be set as high as possible (preferably 600 dpi or higher).Figures should be numbered in the order in which they are referred to in the text, the name of the first author, and the journal. An indication, e.g., “TOP,” of the intended orientation of a figure is helpful, especially in ambiguous cases. Each figure must have a caption that makes the figure intelligible without reference to the text; list captions on a separate sheet. Text should be placed in the caption, not on thefigure. Groups of figures that share a (single) caption must be labeled “(a), (b),” etc. The figure itself should have properly labeled axes with correctly abbreviated units enclosed in parentheses. Use consistent lettering and style as in the body of the text (correct capitalization, unslashed zeros, proper exponential notation, superscripts and subscripts, decimal points instead of commas, etc.). Use the form R (10³Omega), not R × 10³ Omega. Use half spacing within compound units, not hyphens or periods. Avoid ambiguous usage of the solidus (“/”), e.g., (mb/MeV sr), not (mb/MeV/sr). When possible, integer numbers should be used on the axis scales of figures, e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 0, 5, 10, not 1.58, 3.16, 4.75. Decimal points must be on the line (not above it); do not use commas instead. Use the same number of digits to the right of the decimal point for all numbers on the axis scales. A number must be both before and after the decimal point, e.g., 0.2, not .2. For complete instructions see the Physical Review Style and Notation Guide or the AIP Style Manual.Avoid submitting prescreened prints of photographic material or laser-printed renditions of continuous-tone data; reproduction of such figures is seldom satisfactory and there is a risk of moiré patterns appearing in the final product. If PostScript files are not available, supply glossy or matte-finish photographs or laser prints at the highest resolution possible and in the final published size.In preparing figures, care should be taken to present the scientific results accurately. If images used in any of the figures have been manipulated, except for adjustments that affect the picture as a whole (e.g., overall brightness), the modification should be described clearly in the caption or text.Some figures might be more effective in color. The cost of printing illustrations in color, which may be significant, must be borne in full by the respective authors and their institutions.If color is desired in the print version of the journal as well as in the online version, the author must clearly indicate which figures are intended to be printed in color as part of the submission process. Information about our pricing and payment policy for color figures in the print journal may be found at:/tips.html.In order to reproduce figures, tables, etc., from another journal, authors must show that they have complied with the requirements of the publisher of the other journal, possibly including written agreement of both publisher and author of the originally published work. (If the original journal is published by APS, only the written agreement of the original author is required to reproduce a few figures or tables.)。

北京市东城区2020-2021学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题

东城区2020-2021学年度第一学期期末统一检测高三英语 2021.1 本试卷共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A school bus driver returned to college to become a high school history teacher, thanks to some 1 students.Clayton Ward is a history lover, and as such, 2 the time he'd spend chatting with students about their history classes as he 3 them to and from school."After several of these discussions, some of the students would tell me they wanted me to be their 4 ,“ he said. "That small mention from those kids ... it 5 me and gave me the motivation to complete a goal I had started years ago,“6 ,Ward went to college after his high school graduation； but after a year, he had to leave and soon started driving buses. But he still valued7 , and talking with the students on the bus route renewed his sense of passion for expanding and teaching young minds.Ward enrolled （注册）at a community college in May 2019, and 8 to take his classes full time while also still driving his bus.“It wasn't always 9 I would drive my route in the morning and afternoon, take classes in between shifts and take night classes," he said. "I would think of those students and all the years I wanted to make this happen, and it helped me focus my energy. "“You wouldn't think that kids can do something like that, to give me the 10 and ambition to go back to school,“ Ward said. "It's kind of crazy that such a small thing can make such an impact on your life. "1. A. energetic B. supportive C. considerate D. generous2. A. enjoyed B. found C. saved D. missed3. A. attended B. watched C. bussed D. trained4. A. driver B. adviser C. friend D. teacher5. A. aimed at B. stuck with C. occurred to D. called on6. A. Initially B. Consequently C. Apparently D. Ultimately7. A. success B. communication C. responsibility D. education8. A. hesitated B. offered C. managed D. happened19. A. suitable B. hopeful C. lucky D. easy10. A. right B. drive C. chance D. freedom第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

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Information for Contributors
The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, INSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.
Manuscripts should be submitted online to this journal.The manuscripts, including the Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Experimental procedures, Results and Discussion, Conclusions, References, should be typed in English, single spaced and one-sided of A4 paper with ample margins.
The abstract should not be less than 100 words in length. It should be self-contained and should be adequate as a summary of the article, namely, it should contain aim and significance, experimental methods and main results and conclusions as well; newly developed conceptions, methods, apparatus, techniques, and newly discovered facts, particularly. The authors are requested to provide three to eight Key words that should be typed below the Abstract.
Figures and tables should be placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom of the file. Photographs should have a high resolution. They should be glossy, properly focused and exposed. Those who wish to place two or more photographs side by side are reminded that the column width of this journal is approximately 150 mm. Line drawings should be clear and well designed. The lettering and plotted points should be large enough to be legible after reduction. Graphs should have axes with proper labels such as T/K.
References should be indicated by number in square brackets in line with the text (e.g. “LIU et al [1] reported that …”), and listed in the order they appear in the text. The following examples should be followed:
[1]GAO Hai-yan, HE Yue-hui, ZOU Jin, XU Nan-ping, LIU C T. Tortuosity factor for porous
FeAl intermetallics fabricated by reactive synthesis [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2012, 22: 2179−2183. (Journal)
[2]UMPHREYS F J, HATHERLY M. Recrystallization and related annealing phenomena [M].
2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004. (Book)
[3]DEBERITZ J, BELE K K, SCHADE K. Method of separating NaCl from a LiCl solution:
WIPO Patent, 1998019966 [P]. 1998−05−15. (Patent)
[4]WASSON A J, FUCHS G E. The effect of carbide morphologies on elevated tensile and
fatigue behavior of a modified single crystal Ni-base superalloy [C]//Proc Superalloys 2008.
Warrendale, PA: TMS, 2008: 489−497. (Proceedings)
For more information on format and style, please consult recent issues of the journal or contact with the Editorial Office of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; telephone: +86-731-88830949 or 88877197; E-mail: f-ysxb@; website: . To submit your outstanding research results more quickly, please visit: /tnmsc.。