英语-上海市徐汇区2018届高三下学期学习能力诊断(二模)
2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解A篇（带答案已经校对）
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757, he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822, and Caroline on September 1st,1848.Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axialrotation (绕轴自转). Herschel struck fame in 1781, when on March 13th, he discovered the planet Uranus (天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax (恒星视差). This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king George III. The trick worked once again, as King George III gave William and Caroline the titles of ―The King’s Astronomer‖ and ―Assistant to the King’s Astronomer‖, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to S lough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite s uccessful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspot, an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800, he became interested in the solar spectrum (太阳光谱), and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(红外线). In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.56.Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by __________.A. discovering the planet UranusB. determining stellar parallaxC. discovering two moons of UranusD. uncovering the evidence for the infrared57. It can be inferred from the passage that George III __________.A. liked science and technologyB. liked Herschel’s naming of the new planetC. was interested in astronomyD. gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions58. What do we know about Caroline from the passage?A. She was successful in music.B. She was titled ―The King’s Astronomer‖.C. She died later than her brother.D. She published two papers.59. This passage mainly tells readers .A. some information about Herschel and his sisterB. how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet UranusC. Herschel and Caroline got along well with each otherD. Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publicationsKeys: 56-59: A B C ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The cold northern wind here in the streets of Petersburg strengthens my nerves and fills me with delight. I cannot think of the Pole as cold and empty;in my imagination it is a region of beauty and delight. Who knows what strange landscapes and creatures we may find there. I shall satisfy my curiosity with the sight of an unknown part of the world-and walk where no man has before.Thinking of it, I feel the same joy a child feels when he sails his little boat on a voyage ofdiscovery up his native river.This voyage was the favorite dream of my early years. My education was neglected, yet I was passionately fond of reading. Uncle Thomas's library contained only books about exploration, which I read day and night. Finally my thoughts comes to the idea of making a voyage of discovery.Six years have passed since I decided on the present voyage. I can, even now, remember the hour when I committed myself to this great enterprise. I began by making my body used to hardship. I went on whale hunting voyages to the North Sea; I voluntarily endured cold, hunger, thirst, and lack of sleep. I often worked harder than the common sailors during the day. Then, at nights, I studied mathematics, the theory of medicine,and sciences of practical importance for a seagoing adventurer. Twice I took jobs as an officer on a Greenland whaling ship. I felt a little proud when my captain asked me to remain with the ship, so valuable did he consider my services. And now, do I not deserve to achieve some great task? My life might have been passed in ease and comfort, but I preferred glory to every pleasure that wealth placed in my path.56.What does the author think of the Pole?A.It reminds him of his childhood.B. It must be a region full of surprises.C. It would fulfil his dream to be an adventurer.D. It's too cold a destination with almost nothing.57. To realize his childhood dream, the author got _______.A. physically prepared by experiencing great sufferingB. spiritually prepared by gaining captain's recognitionC. academically prepared by reading books on explorationD. financially prepared by serving on a whale hunting ship.58. According to the passage, the author is definitely a person full of _______.A. curiosityB. fancyC. perseveranceD.prideKeys:56-58: CACSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties(定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word ―thumbed‖ is closest in meaning to _______.A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in _______.A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD. creating the rocketing sales of a technical bookKeys:56-59 CADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Warning from ExpertsA growing amount of human- made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)---from rocket stages and out-of-date satellites---- is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. ―This is a growing environmental problem,‖said Nicholas Johnson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will steady through 2055, after which it will increase. While current efforts have focused on limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary.Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is currently tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than tencentimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. ―Of the 13,000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,‖ Johnson said. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These include everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35,000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear holes in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slow an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, ―Space j unk is like any environmental problem,‖ Johnson admits. ―I t’s growing. If you don’t deal with it now, it will only become worse, and the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.‖56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove space junk.B. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem.C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly needed.D. Human activities generate much orbital debris.57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launches.B. Space junk is endangering human beings' space activities.C.It's necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junk.D. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth?A. Reasonable.B. Unbelievable.C. Reliable.D. Impractical.Keys:56-58 CADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someoneand you think they are lying?Well, you are not alone. We’veall had that feeling. But did you know that there are severalthings you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don’t want to take up very much space because they don’t want to be no ticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people wholie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are tellingthe truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar the question ―Did you steal Fatima’s bag?‖, they may answer with something like ―Fatima is my friend. Why would Ido that?‖ In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answeringthe question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convinceyou of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. Ifyou think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It’s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you’ve boughtthe story. If you’re a good listener, you’ll already be avoiding interruptions, which initself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying.They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to usesome of these techniques. Hopefully, you won’t need to very often.56. By saying ―Liars also use deflection‖, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Whichof the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liarsKeys:56-59 DADCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen(氦)dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles accumulate(累积) In a joint,, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs(鱼龙).That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly-and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr. Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (掠食性动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.56. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted bodyB. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure57. The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see___.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones58. Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4_____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives59. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs_______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itKeys: 56-59 ABCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that he had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr.Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr. Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever- frugal (一惯节省的) Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking all city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate mealincluding his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from his wife. It read: "Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments!" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner, Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor. He bent forward to pick it up. It read: "Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase."Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michaels plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael______.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanC. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to a disaster.B. Michael had worked very hard and done his part for the company.C. Michael's boss agreed to his request.D. One of Michael's colleagues had told his wife the good news.59. According to the passage, which of the following can best describe Michael's wife, Cassie?A. Passionate, thoughtful and talented.B. Considerate, generous and reliable.C. Decisive, optimistic and energetic.D. Caring, tolerant and supportive.Keys: 56-59 BCDDSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(A)Last October, I was on a diving holid ay in the Philippines with with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat, slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine, and I felt deep, powerful vibrations(震动), as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor's eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other, staying close to the side of the reef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushroomed up around us, Could it be an underwater bomb? A giant turtle raced past us and into the deep; they are normally slow movers, so this was very weird behaviour. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones, and the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That's when I realized it was an earthquake. The noise was the sound of the Earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other's eyes; I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的)for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever it's going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up,It was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looksbefore pulling out our breathing apparatus and shouting, "What was that?"Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at at the epicentre(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experience in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.Keys: 56-59 CCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the world of higher education in the United States, competition seems more common than schools working together. Every college and university competes for students, as well as the best teachers and money for research programs.But one thing almost every school has in common is the difficulty they face in serving low-income students. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that low-income college students are less likely to complete their study programs than other students.It was only natural that the leaders of Michigan State University and ten other universities discussed this issue when they met in 2014. The 11 schools are spread across the United Sates and serve different populations and needs. But their leaders all saw improving graduation rates for all students as the biggest problem facing American higher education.So the group created an organization called the University Innovation Alliance or UIA for sharing information related to this problem. Its main goal is to get 68,000 more students at the member schools to graduate by 2025, with at least half of those studentsbeing low-income. The 11 schools now say their number of graduates has increased by over 7,200 in just three years. This includes an almost 25 percent increase in the number of low-income graduates.How were they able to make this happen? It began with each university looking at its own situation and finding out what it had been doing right and what it had been doing wrong.For example, before joining the UIA, academic advising at Michigan State mostly involved reacting to problems students faced after the problems had already arisen. Then school officials heard about a computer program that fellow UIA member Georgia State University was using. This computer program follows decisions students make about their classes and the progress they are making in their studies. It then sends academic advisors messages whenever a student shows signs that they are making mistakes or facingdifficulties. Hat way the advisors can try to help students before the problems become too serious. Michigan State began using the computer program and it has meant a world of difference.Michigan States has not only received useful。
【2018年】高三英语 上海市第二次模拟试题及参考答案
英语2018年高三上海市第二次模拟试题英语考试时间：____分钟填空题（本大题共7小题，每小题____分，共____分。
）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On paper alone you would never guess that I grew up poor and hungry.These years my (21)____(recent) annual salary was over $700,000.I am a Truam National Security Fellow and a term member at the Council on Foreign Relations. My publisher has just released my latest book series on quantitative finance in worldwide distribution.(22) ____of it feels like enough.I feel(23)____I am wired(极度紧张的)for a permanent salary of fight or flight,waiting for the other shoe to drop, or the metaphorical week when I don’t eat.I’ve chosen not to have children, partly because(24)____any success-I still don’t feel I have a safety net.I have a huge minimum checking account balance in mind before I would ever consider having chidren If you knew me personally,you(25)____ get glimpses of stress,self-doubt,anxiety,and depression.In my childhood,I spent a lot of my time (26)____pondering basic questions. Where will my next meal come from?Will have electricity tomorrow?I (27)____(acquaint) with the embarrassment of my mom trying to hide our food stamps at the grocery store checkout.Iremember panic setting in as early as age 8,at the prospect of a perpetual uncertainty about everything in life, from food to clothes to education.I knew that the life I was living couldn’t be normal.I just wasn’t sure(28)____it was that wrong with the tiny microcosm I was borninto.As an adult I thought I’d figured that out.I’d always thought my upbringing had made me wary and cautious, in a “lessons learned”kind of way.Over the past dacades, though,that marrative(29) ____(evolve). We’ve learned that stresses（30）____（associate）with poverty have the potential to change our biology in ways we hadn’t imagined.It can reduce the surface area of your brain,shorten your telomeres and lifespan,increase your chances of obesity,and make you more likely to take outsized risks.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.magnetB.scheduledC.idealD.forwardE.touringF.envisionedG.architecture H.dramaticI.physical J.tentativelyK.headquartersDream Works Animation Bringing Broadway to ShanghaiDream Works Animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg’s quest to build what he hopes will be China’s answer to New York’s Broadway has taken a big step____.Construction workers have begun work on the foundation of a 13-level tower that will be the new ____of Oriental Dream Works and linked to a large to a large,X-shaped IMAX cinema complex via a pathway____as an extended red carpet.The waterfront development is____to open in late 2017 on a choice parcel south of Shanghai’s historic Bund district.The Oriental Dream Works movie studio will have room for 500-plus animators,up from the company’s current 250 employees,and will be at the ____heart of the complex.Situated on the grounds of a shuttered cement factory, the complex will have five major live performance venues with 8,500 seats in total,including a 3.000-seat facility houses in a dome where cement was once mixed.In addition to hosting international touring productions of musicals and dramas,the Dream Center is visualized as a____for pop, rock and jazz concerts; sporting events such as mixed material arts and motorbike racing;fashion shows and awards ceremonies;and conferences,art fairs and____exhibitions.Planning is also underway for a Lego Discovery Center and an attraction____called the Kung Fu Panda Experience.The complex is designed by New York____film Kohn Pedersen Fox.Associates,which is behind the massive Hudson Yards redevelopment project on Manhattan’s West Side.The IMAX theater,meanwhile, will have eight to nine screens and presumably be the ____venue to host premiers of productions form Oriental DreamWorks----though it won’t be ready in time for the studio’s first effort,”Kung Fu Panda3”,scheduled for release in January.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon,their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil,which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the ____surface’s low-pressure environment.But back at Johnson Spance Center,in Houston,scientists discovered that the seals had been____—by moon dust.Lunar dust is fine,like a powder,____it cuts like glass.It’s formed when meteoroids crash on the moon’s surface,heating rocks and dirt____them to fine particles.Since there’s no wind or water to smooth____edges,the tiny grains are sharp and sharp and jagged,and cling to nearly everything.“The invasive____of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue,as well as a____issure for settlers,than does radiation,”wrote Harrison(Jack) Schmitt,an Apollo 17 astronaut,in his 2006 book,”Return to the Moon.” The dust sullied spacesuits and ate away layers of moon boots.Over the____of six Apollo missions, not one rock box ____its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships,too.According to Schmit,it smelled like gunpowder,where particles are bound to the moon by gravity,but are so sparse that they____collide.In the nineteen-sixties,Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during ter,Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan,while orbiting the moon,recorded a ____phenomenon at the sharp line wherelunar day meets night,called the terminator.Cernan____a series of pictures illustrating the changing dustscape;streams of particles popped____the ground and levitatel,and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached daylight. ____there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds,their origin is something of a mystery.It’s presumed that they’re made of dust,but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.41. A.solar B.narC.dustyD.mysterious42. A.destroyed B.stainedC.changedD.redesigned43. A.because B.howeverC.butD.so44. A.adapting B.reducingC.tailoringD.shaping45. A.soft B.hardC.roughD.flat46. A.nature B.speedC.degreeD.troops47. A.intelligence B.healthC.fundD.future48. A.moment B.situationC.courseD.program49. A.installed B.lostC.foundD.maintained50. A.coats B.affectsC.protectsD.crusts51. A.frequently B.violentlyC.gentlyD.rarely52. A.strange B.similarmonD.different53. A.sketched B.describedC.receivedD.copied54. A.out B.inC.offD.down55. A.Although B.WhereverC.UnlessD.SinceSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Thewriter’s festival is more than an event celebrating authors,it also celebratesthe power of literature and the power of you,the reader.B.Storieshave been around since time began.C.But heargued sexual pleasure is too fleeting and betrayal too common,and while friendship was better italways ended with death.D.A 2013study found reading literary fiction can help you become more empathetic.E.It isno coincidence that Apollo was the god of medicine as well as poetry.F.They remind us of the university and timelessness ofemotions,helping us better understand our own.The understanding that literature can comfort,console and heal has been around since the second millennium Bc,____.As a bibliotherapist,I’m internsted in the therapeutic value stories have to offer us,particularly during times of stress.Here the intent around reading is different;the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne,who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness:have a lover,have friends and readbooks.____.Therefore,the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul?Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books?Why,despites all the distractions of modern life,do booksstill get published and writers’festival events get sold out?The answer lies in the power of stories.____.They tell us what it is to be human,give us a context for the past and aninsight towards the future.A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed,internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story.Paradoxically,we think we are escaping ourselver but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds.Freud,who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talding cure”,once wrote that wherever he want he discovered a poet had been there before.It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writes,____What stories have shaped you?It’s a question reflecting on,as this shaping is often subconscious.The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different intent;you will be “reading” your life from now on,allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learn from mistakesThe best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison.who invented the light bulb,told his colleagues:”Of the 200 light bulbs that didn’t work,every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt.” Benjamin Franklin, the US statesman and statesman and scientist once said:”I haven’t failed.I have had 10,000 ideas that didn’t work.”Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact, a surprising number of everyday bojects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post0-it-notes,packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague,Art Fry,decided to use it six years later,in 1974,to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.Successful businesspeople have often made big,expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000,Thomos Watson,the chairman,was asked if he would fire the man.”Of course not,”he replied.”I have just spent $600,000 training him.I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”The important thing to remember is that you need to learn fromr your mistakes.If you don’t,then there is no sense in making them.”I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你怎么能指望在合作的过程中依靠一个言而无信的人？(expect)73.只有在自然灾害发生的时候，人们才会真正了解到大自然的威力。
2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷 高三英语(附答案)
2018学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with the given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)As you get older, if feels like time tends to move faster. As Dan Ariely explains over at The Wall Street Journal, we tend to fall into familiar routines(25)_____we age and that makes time move quickly.We percieve time as something like a stack of memories, so the less new experiences you have, the(26)________(likely)you are to fill in those memories with interesting things.Time does go by(or, more acccurately, if feels as if time is going by) more quickly, the older we get.In the first few years of our lives, anything we sense or do is brand new, and many of our experiences are unique, so they remain firmly in our memories. But as(27)_____years go by, we encounter fewer and fewer new experiences—both because we(28)______(accomplish) a lot and because we are slaves to our daily routines.For example, try to remember(29)_____happened to you every day last week, chances are that nothing extraordinary happened, so you will be hard-pressed to recall the specific things you did on Monday, Tuesday,etc.What can we do about this? Maybe we need some new app that will encourage us to try out new experiences, point out things we’ve never done, recommend dishes we’ve never tasted and suggest places we’ve never been. Such an app(30)_____make our lives mo re varied, encourage us to try new things, slow down the passage of time and increase our happiness.(31)_____such an app arrives, try to do at least one new thing every week. It’s not too difficult to push(32)_______to do new things.(B)This afternoon, I spoke with Governor Daniel Malloy and FBI Director Mueller. I offered Governor Malloy my condolences(哀悼) on behalf of the nation, and made it clear he will have every single resource that he needs (33)_________( investigate) this horrible crime, care for the victims and their families.(34)__________ (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years, each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would---- as a parent. And that was especially true today. I know there’s not a parent in America who doesn’t feel the same overwhelming grief that I do.The majority of those (35)__________ died today were children—beautiful little kids between the ages of 5 and 10 years old. They had their entire lives ahead of them—birthdays, graduations, weddings, kids of their own. Among the (36)___________(fall) were also teachers—men and women who devoted their lives to (37)__________（help）our children fulfill their dreams.So our hearts are broken today—for the parents and grandparents, sisters and brothers of these little children, and for the families of the adults who（38）__________(lose). Our hearts are broken for the parents of the survivors as well, for as blessed as they are to have their children home tonight, they know that their children’s innocence has been torn away from them too early, and there are no words that will ease their pain.As a country, we have been through this too many times. (39) __________ it’s an elementary school in Newtown, or a shopping mall in Oregon, or a temple in Wisconsin, or a movie theater in Aurora, or a street corner in Chicago—these neighborhoods are our neighborhoods, and these children are our children. And we’re going to have to come together and take meaningful action to prevent more tragedies (40)_____________ this, regardless of the politics.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A second experiment (46) these findings, showing that (47) movements don't produce a more enjoyable eating experience. The data also (48) that a longer delay between ritual and consumption bolstered these effects, even with a neutral food like carrots.While these rituals may seem small or mundane, the researchers note that the effects they produce are quite tangible. And while rituals are (49) before mealtimes, they could play a role in other(50) , too.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An examination is a very important part of life, whic h is used to test a person’s ability. But as you know many of us has(51)____ and are afraid of it. Though they know that exams are there for their benefit, they still have a lot of fear for it. It is very often we find such people. You will find such people a little anxious and a little stressed about their exams. Many a time such nerves can be (52)____ and useful to you, for others it’s never wrocking.To overcome these nerves we got some tips for you. Don’t get too excited about the exams and for that don’t drink too much of the coffee or tea to cope up with the exam(53) _____. Eat a healthy and proper diet and don’t worry about the exams while eating. Stress can be harmful to you(54) _____ sometimes. It can cause a lot of problems in your body, which can be increased heartbeat and breath, sweating palms, nervous attitude, stressed about exams, etc...Before moving to the examination hall you prepare thoroughly about the exams. For that firstly make a list of what is to be studied and then make an overlook for that. Now divide each subject into some easy sub-classes. Go through some(55) _____ question papers and study your earlier mistakes made in it. Make a perfect schedule for your study. Overlook the(56) _____ used for answering the questions I mean their pattern and style of writing. Solve few more question papers and study to achieve a proper time(57)_____. Take some quick breaks in your study time so that you can(58) _____ an interest in your study.Now while taking the exams just relax, con trol your breath and believe in yourself. Don’t panic and he optimistic. Try to reduce your stress and be happy. Don’t(59) _____ at least an hour before the exams, just get yourself calmed down. Keep you focus on the paper and tell yourself that you are(60) _____ prepared. For exams each before the time and try to(61)_____ in the surroundings. Don’t listen to any of the exam rumours before exams. If you still can’t control your exam stress then go for some meditation or hypnosis( 冥想或催眠）。
2018上海高考英语二模-翻译部分完整版.doc
1.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。
（optimistic）I am optimistic about the result of the game.2.许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。
（think）Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not.3.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。
（…it…）Driverless tenology solves people’s confusion and makes it possible to make a phone call while driving.4.人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。
（…not…but…）The most horrible thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieve nothing even though you try, but that you give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.1.他在会议上提出的建议值得三思。
（worth）The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second thinking.2.法律和政策应该适应我们社会不断发展的需求。
（adapt）Laws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.3.绝不能任由困难打倒你，因为你永远不知道你离成功有多近。
（account）On no account can you let any difficulties beat you，for you can never tell how close you may be to the success.4.父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健康成长。
2018年上海徐汇区高三二模试卷(附答案)
2017-2018 学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三语文试卷（满分150 分，考试时间150 分钟）2018.4一、积累应用10 分1. 按要求填空。
（5 分）⑴云无心以出岫，。
”（陶渊明《》）⑵是日也，天朗气清，。
（王羲之《兰亭集序》）⑶无论是《老子》中的“千里之行，始于足下”，还是《荀子·劝学》中的“，”，都是以“行路”来形象地阐释积累的重要性。
2. 按要求选择。
（5 分）⑴假设你为学校“读书节”设计一张宣传海报，下列诗文中最适合选用的是（）。
（2 分）A. 纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。
B. 世事洞明皆学问，人情练达即文章。
C. 察己则可以知人，察今则可以知古。
D. 问渠那得清如许，为有源头活水来。
⑵下面是某高三学生参加高校自主招生的自荐信，画线部分可能存在不得体的表达。
尊敬的学校领导：您好!①感谢您在百忙之中阅读我的自荐信。
我是XX，来自XX 市XX中学，学习成绩优秀，曾担任校学生会文艺部部长，爱好写作。
我获得过第十九届“语文报杯”全国中学生作文竞赛高中组一等奖；也曾代表学校参加市中学生辩论大赛，②以敏捷的反应和出众的口才令对手自惭形秽，③获得“最佳辩手”称号。
贵校历史悠久，底蕴深厚，④能进入贵校中文系学习是我的理想。
⑤贵校的自主招生条件也非常符合我的标准。
⑥请您一定不要拒绝我，⑦圆我的大学中文系之梦。
此致敬礼！自荐人：XXXXX 年 X 月 X 日有几处画线部分存在不得体的表达？（）（3 分）A. 1 处B. 2 处C. 3 处D. 4 处二、阅读（70 分）（一）阅读下文，完成第3—7 题。
（16 分）①美国波士顿一所公立学校日前选用了一种全新标准的世界地图，令学生们看后困惑不已：美国、加拿大、欧洲的版图不再如印象中那般阔大，南美洲和大洋洲也不像原先看起来那样狭小。
最令人惊讶的是非洲——和美国比起来，非洲才是真正的巨人，连俄罗斯都无法与之相提并论。
②世界地图也有多种版本吗？哪个版本才是正确的呢？要解答这些问题，首先要对地图投影有所了解。
上海市徐汇区2018届中考英语二模模拟试卷
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
6. The community has plenty of _____________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.
A. room B. class C. program D. game
ride attractions. It will open in the summer 2018.
It is a sign of the early success of Shanghai Disney Resort and shows the confidence the company
has. It_____21_____ knows the growing need for themed entertainment in China.
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上海市徐汇区 2018 届中考英语二模模拟卷
Part 1
Ⅱ（第一部分 略
听力）
Part 2
Ⅱ（第二部分 语音、语法和词汇） 1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?
D. I ’ve decided to join in the tennis match next term.
’t give up.
2
III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase
2018届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题试题汇编--阅读理解C篇--学生版
One【2018届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Here’s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job,according to court documents.A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly(据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of20thieves at$60a pop.That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans hav e their credit hijacked every year. It’s one of crime’s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3trillion annually and lose less than2%of that revenue（收入）to fraud,so there’s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it’s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take.Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of “pre-approved” credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their800lines.Of the three,I found TransUnion’s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices, rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you’re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entit led to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it’s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that’s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you’re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft,which,along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocki ng. Just don’t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63.The expression “inside job”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ___________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64.You can protect your identity in the following way except ___________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65.It is easy to have credit-theft because ____________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66.The best title of the text is ____________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsD. Why the creditors lose their identityC. How to protect your good nameTwo【2018届上海市黄浦区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)All across America,students are anxiously finishing their"What I Want To Be .."college application essays,advised to focus on STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that,among the eight most important qualities of Google's top employees,STEM capability comes in dead last.The seven top characteristics of success at Google are all soft skills:being a good coach;communicating and listening well; possessing comprehension into others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver,and being able to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because of it? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiring practices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skill seven in high-tech environments.Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Google takes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able to throw down one creative idea after another.Its data analysis revealed,however,that the company's most important and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to be the smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates,understanding,and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member must feel confident speaking up and making mistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today,but technology alone,as Steve Jobsfamously insisted,is not enough.We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as the computational.63.The underlined word:“contradict”most probably means “____________”.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ____________.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees’ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C.Learning from mistakes doesn’t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthThree【2018届上海市浦东新区高三英语二模试题】Section CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First,they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards.A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars,discovery of more than100planets outside our solar system,and study of the soil of Mars.All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort,might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science ---the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology,why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably,and advanced propulsion could speed up that long,slow transit to Mars,the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality.Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.C. Venture cost.B. Human inhabitance.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that __________.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C.Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to re tain America’s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the s cientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Four【2018届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning.After grabbing some cereal with his hands,he began kicking the box,scattering little round corn puffs across the room.Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-boardcon-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4,and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems,a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. “I did very poorly in school,” she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. “They just felt I was being bad---too loud, too physical, too everything.” A naughty tomb oy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. “but nobody came up with a diagnosis”. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. “I would study and study, and I wouldn’t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.”After graduating,she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD.“It's been such a weigh off my shoulders”says Bloomgarden,who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I’m rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.”63. What does the phrase“throw a fit” in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with.A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty’s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne’s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty’s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Five【2018届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication—scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions.Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans.Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research— attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review,along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists’analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too”derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources— but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful.Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost— even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science,have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data.Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change.Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63.What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64.Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor’s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66.The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSix【2018届上海市闵行区松江区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.COf all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A centuryago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的)shadows of ourunconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970se neurologists had switched to thinking of them asjust "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulatingmoods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerfulmental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help ussleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago'sMedical Center. "If you don't like it change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic.Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier onesbefore awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生)during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life. we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dreams.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or"we wake up in a panic,"Cartwright says.Terrorism,economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat" in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that__________.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can lean to__________.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to_________.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeSeven【2018届上海市奉贤区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.C"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol(胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapidchange from sleep to activity,and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work."When people get up,their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.” Willich explained.“All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work.The reason for this is not clear,but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northern Germany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germanythan in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day ofthe week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64.The over65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possiblybecause _________.A. they are afraid of returning to workB. they are reluctant to face the pressures of another weekC. most of them are not in good healthD. they are much busier on Mondays than on any other days of the week65. In the following research, Dr. Willich will probably try to find out___________.A. if smoking and cholesterol will cause heart attack。
2018中考英语徐汇二模卷
2018徐汇二模卷第二部分词汇与语法选择1 Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciationA. abroadB. coatC. goalD. road2 American violinist Lindsey doesn’t play ___________ violin in the traditional way.A. aB. anC. theD. /3 The 2018 Winter Olympic took place ____________February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A. in B on C. of D. from4 The law prevents businessmen ____________ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. againstD. from5 Please check ____________ passport and air ticket before leaving home.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself6 The community has plenty of ____________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.A. roomB. classC. programD. game7 The world’s ____________ glass floor bridge opened to the public in Shijiazhuang last year.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest8 In the concert, I loved the Little Star best because the kids sang so ____________.A. lovelyB. friendlyC. kindlyD. sweetly9 There ____________ a singing and dancing competition every month here.A. isB. hasC. will beD. will have10 -____________ does it take to get to the nearest supermarket- About half an hour on foot.A. How farB. How longC. How soonD. How often11 These funny pictures about cakes will surely make you ____________.A. laughB. laughingC. to laughD. laughed12 The text is available online so you ____________ have a copy of it now.A. can’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t13 To complete the project in time, the staff of the company kept ____________ day and night.A. workB. workingC. to work14 ____________ the job was very hard and tiring for him in the beginning, he didn’t give up.A. BeforeB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. If15 Recently a new community library ____________ and will be open to the public soon.A. is builtB. was built C, has been built D. will be built16 My brother was so careless that he forgot ____________ his passport to the airport.A. take B taking C. to take D. taken17 Mr. White ____________ English in school for 7 years since he first visited China.A. teachesB. taughtC. is teachingD. has taught18 Let’s keep quiet in the school library, ____________A. shall weB. can weC. will youD. do you19 –Would you mind turning on the radio a bit I can’t hear it ____________.A. All rightB. That’s OKC. Thank youD. Not at all20 -____________ -I can’t agree ,ore.A.Would you like some fish for dinner tonightB.The lecture in the morning is so boring.C.Do you want to spend your weekend with usD.I've decided to join in the tennis match next term.选词填空Shanghai Disney Resort released details of its new Toy Story Land just now. There will be three ride attractions. It will open in the summer 2018.It is a sign of the early success of Shanghai Disney Resort and shows the confidence the company has. It ______46______ knows the groing need for themed entertainment in China.According to the resort, tourists will feel as if they have become _____47_______ to the size of their favorite Toy Story characters. It enables them to join in on the laughter ad fun.As new rides, Rex’s Racer has a 30-meter-tall U-shaped track. The ride will go ______48______ and backward at increasing heights and speed.Another ride is the Sink Dog Spin. The third ride, Woody’ Round-Up, is made up of 11 ponies, each one pulling a car, in a farm. Other attractions _____49_______ the Meeting Post, There tourists can pose with cartoon characters from the Toy Story movie series.The most popular TV program in the UK last year was a show calledBritish Bake Off. Each week, ______50______ people take part in our competition. They are tring to make the best cakes and bread within a time limit. There are two judges, and each week they choose a “Star Baker”(the best baker). They also choose one person to leave the competition. At the end of ten weeks there is one winner.The program started in 2010, and nobody _____51_______ to be so popular. People really enjoyed watching the baking and the good atmosphere on the show. The people on the show were very friendly to each other. This was very different from other TV shows. Some people think the show is rather British, with a good sense of _____52_______ and frined ly people. Audiences also enjoyed learning how to make different _____53_______ of cakes, biscuits and bread.This year there were some changes in the show and even some new judges, but the show is as popular as before.词性转换1.We wish every one of ____________ a bright future after graduation. (we)2.Playing seek and hide is part of my ____________ memory. (child)3.Many terrible traffic accidents happen because of ____________ driving. (care)4.The volunteers give food and clothes to the homeless in ____________weather.(freeze)5.More and more ____________ will see the royal wedding ceremony in the town.(visit)6.We know that it is ____________ of students to cheat in exams.(honest)7.It’s better to ____________ fresh air outdoors after staying indoors for a longtime. (breath)8.Ann spoke the most ____________ of all the students in the school speech contest.(accurate)改写句子1 Paddington Bear saw a pop-up book of London in a shop one day.(改为一般疑问句) ____________Paddington Bear ____________ a pop-up book of London in a shop one day2 Sherlock Holmes became popular through a series of short stories.（对划线部分提问）____________Sherlock Holmes ____________ popular3 The trip to the South Pole is amazing.（改为感叹句）____________ ____________ amazing trip to the South Pole it is!4 The young man was too shy to express his ideas in front of the public.(保持句意基本相同)The young man wasn’t____________ ____________ to exp ress his ideas in front of the public.5 Doctor Scuss wrote many popular children’s books in the 20th century.(改为被动)M any popular children’s books___________ ____________ Doctor Scuss in the 20th century6 Are you” the secretary asked.（改为宾语从句）The secretary asked _________ they __________ going to celebrate the opening of the shop7 to foods, does harm to, adding, our hearts, too much sugar or salt,____________________________________________________________________.阅读理解A。
2018届上海徐汇区中考英语二模(解析版)
Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and VocabularyⅡ（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A. abroadB. coatC. goalD. road【答案】A2. American violinist Lindsey doesn’t play ________ violin in the tr aditional way.A. aB. anC. theD. /【答案】C【解析】句意：美国小提琴家林赛不以传统的方式演奏小提琴。
本题考查演奏乐器短语的用法。
演奏乐器用动词play，表示演奏某种乐器时乐器前面必须加定冠词the，“演奏小提琴”play the violin，故答案选C。
点睛：本题考查冠词。
冠词分为定冠词和不定冠词。
定冠词the通常表示特指；不定冠词包括a和an，a修饰以辅音音素开头的单词，an修饰以元音音素开头的单词。
本句主要考查演奏乐器的短语用法；演奏乐器和打球都用动词play，但是在乐器名词前面必须加定冠词the，如play the guitar；而在球类名词前面则不加定冠词the，如play football。
本题中小提琴指的是乐器，所以应加定冠词the；故答案选C。
3. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place _______February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A. inB. onC. ofD. from【答案】D【解析】句意：2018年冬季奥运会于2月9日至25日在韩国举行。
本题考查介词。
in在某一年、某一月；on在某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上；of…的；from从…，一般用于结构from…to…中，意思是“从…到…”。
此题根据后面的February 9 to 25可知是从2月9日至25日，故答案选D。
2018徐汇高三英语二模答案
2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语答案I. Listening Comprehension（每小题1分）1-10 ADBBD CBACC（每小题1.5分）11-13 BCB 14-16 CDA 17-20 BDCDII . Grammar and Vocabulary（每小题1分）21. despite 22. so that 23. downloaded 24. where 25. it26. adding 27. should 28. was created 29. to improve 30.whether31-40 JGBAK DHFCIIII. Reading Comprehension（每小题1分）41-55 CBCAD ADBCA CBDAB（每小题2分）56-59 DADC 60-62 DBC 63-66 CCBD 67-70 DAFBIV. Summary参考答案（仅供阅卷老师参考）People actually work more hours than before despite the increased productivity. On one hand, it’s because the payment distribution system makes it economical for companies to have employees work overtime than hiring more people. On the other hand, employees tend to work long hours because their working time is linked to their contribution to the firm. (56 words)V. Translation （15分）1. The Spring outing provided students with an opportunity for relaxation.1 1 12. Reducing the gap between rich and poor/ is one of the main challenges facing the government.1 1 13. Only by making full use of the limited time can we adapt to/fit in the fast-paced modern life.0.5 1 0.5 1 14. Without doubt, a number of problems remain to be solved before the mass production and1 1 1large-scale commercial application of self-driving vehicles.1 1Writing：（上中21分范文）范文（一）Peer pressure is inevitable in our life path. When an exam is over and everyone gets his grades, we feel it; When hearing one of our friends is admitted to a prestigious university in advance, we feel it; When parents compare us with those straight-A students, we feel it; We’re surrounded by peers and feel their pressure everywhere, Therefore, how to deal with it constantly remains a problem for us teenagers.When I attended a summer camp last summer holiday, I met students of the same age as me from all across China. During our communication, I surprisingly found that they were extremely good at subjects like math and physics, they had a good command of advanced skills such ascalculus, in which I didn’t have the slightest clue. This gave me a sense of inferiority and make the camp a really hard time for me. However, after I returned home, I adjusted my mood and transformed pressure into motivation. I made great efforts to learn those skills on my own, and now I dare say I’m a little more knowledgeable.My experience could serve as a vivid demonstration of peer pressure which is a double-edged sword. There is no doubt that peer pressure could become too heavy a burden, making us feel distressed, unconfident and inferior to others, stopping us from moving on with our heads up high. However, peers can also set an example for us, from which we become aware that some parts in us still leave much to be desired. Moreover, peer pressure stimulates our innate eagerness to compete and win. This enthusiasm for being better than others constantly motivates us to improve ourselves.Indeed, to handle peer pressure properly in no easy task. But what other choice do we have but to face up to it with confidence instead of anxiety, and make the best use of it? (9+9+3) (315 words)范文（二）Friendship is such a weird stuff that we are always unconscious, or rather inevitably, regarding our best buddies as our most challenging rivals. We all endure peer pressure from time to time and the case of me and my friend Ramsey may well be a case in point.Ramsey was a top student who got straight-A, leader of our class’s debate team and basketball team, a guitar genius, an enthusiastic volunteer and so forth. He did everything perfectly as if it were a piece of cake. Overshadowed by his perfection, I made up my mind that I must catch up with him. I took advantage of every little bit of time to review my lessons and stayed up late at night to do extra exercise papers. Besides, I even tried to take up guitar and basketball, whereas I’m rather poor at both. It was obvious that I pushed myself beyond my c apacities and hence it wasn’t long before I realized that I had messed everything up. Disappointed and frustrated, I gave up my ambition and to my surprise, I become fairly satisfied as I lived as myself.What the bitter experience has taught me is that one should never take peer pressure too seriously. Friends serve as good examples, yes, but it is no use trying to fit yourself into his pattern of success. More often than not, we are cheated by peer pressure into imitating everything our friends do and end up achieving nothing, only to lose ourselves. That surely isn’t what friendship is meat to bring.As long as we keep friends, peer pressure is bound to be a burden. Nevertheless, in our never-ending struggle towards a better self, let’s bear in mind that we should stick to our own path and pattern. Never let peer pressure freak out of yourself. (9+9+3) (315 words)2017学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语听力文字I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. W: Weren’t you nervous when the professor called on you in class?M: I’d say I was shaking all over.Q: How did the man feel when he was called on?2. W: Bill, have you finished this work?M: No, I can’t do this without a calculator.Q: What does Bill mean?3. M: I’m having trouble fitting into my jeans. Looks like I’ll have to get some new ones.W: Oh, maybe you should just cut down on what you eat.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?4. M: Let me see. I’ve printed my name, date of birth and address. Anything else?W: No, that’s all right. We’ll fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom.Q: What has the man been doing?5. W: Have you finished reading my research report? I put it on your desk last week.M: Yes, but you have to revise some parts of it, if you want to get it published.Q: What does the man suggest that the woman should do?6. W: Hey, Brian. Wanna meet us for coffee in a little while?M: Hmm. I would if I weren’t so far behind in this reading I’m doing for history.Q: What will the man probably do?7. M: Would it be better to buy a monthly meal ticket, or pay for each meal separately?W: What difference does it make, since the price per meal is the same either way?Q: What does the woman mean?8. M: Did you watch that comedy special on TV last night? I don’t think I ever laughed so hard.W: Don’t even talk to me about it. The only night I really wanted to watch something and we had a power failure in my building.Q: What does the woman mean?9. W: I hope you like the novel I lent you. I wasn’t sure whether it was the kind of book youwould be interested in.M: You know, I had the same doubt at first. But once I started, I simply couldn’t put it down.Q: What does the man mean?10. W: How are their talks going on? Have they reached any agreement?M: They only seemed to have agreed to set another date for further talks.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.What’s your idea of a good time? What about dancing in a rainy field with one hundred and fifty thousand other people while a famous rock band plays on a stage so far away that the performers look like ants?It may sound strange but that is what many hundreds of thousands of young people in the UK do every summer. Why? Because summer is the time for outdoor music festivals.Held on a farm, the Glastonbury Festival is the most well-known and popular festival in the UK. It began in 1970 and the first festival was attended by one thousand five hundred people each paying an admission price of 1 pound — the ticket included free milk from the farm. Since then the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength —in 2004 one hundred and fifty thousand fans attended, paying 112 pound each for a ticket to the three-day event. Tickets for the event sold out within three hours. Performers included superstars as well as new talent.Although many summer festivals are run on a profit-making basis, Glastonbury is a charity event, donating millions of pounds to local and international charities. (Now listen again please.) Questions:11. What do thousands of young people in the UK do every summer according to the passage?12. Where is the Glastonbury Festival held every year?13. Which of the statements is true about The Glastonbury Festival according to the passage?Questions 14 through16 are based on the following passage.According to a new report from the United Nations refugee agency, 3.7 million children under the U.N. agency’s care are unable to attend school. The situation gets worse as the children get older. The percentage drops from 50 percent for young children to 22 percent at secondary school age.U.N. information also shows that only one percent of refugees attend a university, compared to 34 percent of the world’s population. As refugee children grow, their chances for education severely decrease.The issue of providing refugees with an education is more difficult because of the expanding population and a lack of necessary financing. According to the U.N. report, the population of school-age children grew by 30 percent in 2014. That number requires an extra 20,000 teachers.Many host nations already struggle to provide simple, but necessary services for refugees. But now, they must also find a place to hold classes and a way to purchase additional school supplies.The report also discusses the helpful effects of education, saying it helps children avoid child labor and membership in armed groups. It also said that not providing schooling only extends conflict and leads to more people being homeless. (Now listen again please.)Questions:14. What is the problem mentioned in the U.N. report?15. Why is it more difficult to give refugees an education?16. Which of the following issues is discussed in the report?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: Thank you for calling Fanny department store. How can I help you today?W: Hi. I was in your store this past weekend and bought a few items. Yesterday, my friend told me that the annual anniversary sales had begun. She bought the same sweater as I did, but for a much lower price.M: Yes. Our anniversary sale started on Monday. We do offer price adjustments within seven days of purchase to ensure our customer satisfaction. You said you did the purchase here this past weekend?W: Yes. I was shopping in your store last Sunday afternoon.M: That would definitely fall within the price adjustment window. Do you have an account with us? We can credit your account directly with the difference if you wish. Otherwise we can senda gift card by mail if you prefer.W: Crediting my account would be wonderful. Thank you. Now that you mention there’s a sale going on, I remember a dress I quite like when I was in the shop on Sunday. Is it on offer as well?M: Yes, ma’am. All the new arrivals are 15-20% off.W: That’s good news. The dress really caught my eye.M: If you like, I can set one aside for you. If you’re able to come this afternoon, you can give your name to the sales manager and they will be able to assist you. (Now listen again please.) Questions:17. What can we learn about Fanny department store?18. Which of the following services does Fanny department store offer?19. What does the woman want the store to do to address the price difference?20. What can be learned about the dress the woman is interested in?。
2018届上海徐汇区中考英语二模(无听力).doc
Part 2 Phonetics^ Grammar and Vocabulary（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）26・ Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A. abroadB. coatC. goalD. road27. American violinist Lindsey doesn't play ________ violin in the traditional way.A. aB. anC. theD. /2& The 2018 Winter Olympics took place ______ February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A. inB. onC. ofD. from29.The law prevents businessmen _______ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. against D・ from30.Please check _______ passport and air ticket before leaving home.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself31.The community has plenty of ________ for the elderly to communicate with each othe匚A. roomB. classC. programD. game32.The world's ______ glass floor bridge opened to the public in Shijiazhuang last year.A. long B・ longer C. longest D. the longest33.In the concert, I loved the Little Star best because the kids sang so ______ ・A. lovelyB. friendlyC. kindlyD. sweetly34.There _____ a singing and dancing competition every month here・A. isB. hasC. will beD. will have35 •— ______ does it take to get to the nearest supermarket?—About half an hour on foot.A. How farB. How longC. How soonD. How often36.These funny pictures about cakes will surely make you _____ .A. 1 aughB. 1 aughing C・ to laugh D・ 1 aughed37.The text is available online so you _______ have a copy of it now.A. can'tB. shouldn'tC. needn'tD. mustn^t38.To complete the project in time, the staff of the company kept ______ day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked39. _______ t he job was very hard and tiring for him in the beginning , he didn't give up.A. BeforeB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. If40.Recently a new comm unity library ______ and will be ope n to the public soon.A. is builtB. was builtC. has been builtD. will be built41.My brother was so careless that he forgot ______ his passport to the airport.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken42.White _______ English in school for seven years since he first visited China.A. teaches B・ taught C. is teaching D. has taught43.Let5s keep quiet in the school library, ____ ?A. shall we B・ can we C. will you D・ do you44.-Would you mind turning on the radio a bit? I can，t hear it clearlyA. All right B・ That's OKC. Thank youD. Not at all45.- ________ .-I can't agree more.A. Would you like some fish for dinner tonight?B・ The lecture in the morning is so boring.C.Do you want to spend your weekend with us?D.Fve decided to join in the tennis match next term.I1L Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once•(将下列单词或词组填入空格。
2018届上海徐汇区中考英语二模(原卷版)
...............Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary Ⅱ（第二部分语音、语法和词汇）1. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A. abroadB. coatC. goalD. road2. American violinist Lindsey doesn’t play ________ violin in the traditional way.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place _______February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A. inB. onC. ofD. from4. The law prevents businessmen ________ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. againstD. from5. Please check ________ passport and air ticket before leaving home.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself6. The community has plenty of ________ for the elderly to communicate with each other.A. roomB. classC. programD. game7. The world’s _______ glass floor bridge opened to the public in Shijiazhuang last year.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest8. In the concert, I loved the Little Star best because the kids sang so _______.A. lovelyB. friendlyC. kindlyD. sweetly9. There ______ a singing and dancing competition every month here.A. isB. hasC. will beD. will have10. --________does it take to get to the nearest supermarket?--About half an hour on foot.A. How farB. How longC. How soonD. How often11. These funny pictures about cakes will surely make you ______.A. laughB. laughingC. to laughD. laughed12. The text is available online so you ________ have a copy of it now.A. can’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t13. To complete the project in time, the staff of the company kept _______day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked14. ________the job was very hard and tiring for him in the beginnin g , he didn’t give up.A. BeforeB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. If15. Recently a new community library _______ and will be open to the public soon.A. is builtB. was builtC. has been builtD. will be built16. My brother was so careless that he forgot _______his passport to the airport.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken17. Mr. White ________English in school for seven years since he first visited China.A. teachesB. taughtC. is teachingD. has taught18. Let’s keep qu iet in the school library, _______?A. shall weB. can weC. will youD. do you19. –Would you mind turning on the radio a bit? I can’t hear it clearly--______.A. All rightB. That’s OKC. Thank youD. Not at all20. -__________.-I can’t agree more.A. Would you like some fish for dinner tonight?B. The lecture in the morning is so boring.C. Do you want to spend your weekend with us?D. I’ve decided to join in the tennis match next term.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.(将下列单词或词组填入空格。
2018年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷
A. alarming B. properties C. revealed D. invasive E. rescue F. instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiatives
【解答】
（1）despite，考查介词，根据句意“一款关于旅行青蛙的免费手机游戏在中国风靡一时，尽管它只用日语。”
（2）so that，考查固定搭配，根据句意“玩家收集在青蛙花园中生长的三叶草，这样他们就可以用它们来购买青蛙旅行的补给。”用so that引导目的状语从句。
（3）downloaded，考查过去分词，download和games是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
（4）where，考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为social media，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。
（5）it，考查代词，不定式作真正主语，用it作形式主语。
（6）adding，考查现在分词，China Daily和add为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，表示“补充说”。
Traveling Frog Stimulates Reflection
A free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China,（1）______ being available only in Japanese.
2018 届上海市徐汇、金山、松江区高三第二学期学习能力诊断英语试题及答案
2018 届上海市徐汇、金山、松江区高三第二学期学习能力诊断英语试题及答案2013学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三年级英语学科 2014.4第 I 卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Visit the woman. B. Go to an interview.C. Attend a lecture.D. Work in the office.2. A. At a post office. B. At a fast-foodrestaurant.C. At a booking office.D. At a check-in desk. 3. A. One hour later.B. Thirty minutes later.C. Twenty minutes later.D. Around tenminutes.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 1 页4. A. $8. B. $12. C. $16. D.$20.5. A. There is something wrong with the yoga class.B. John and Tom are good friends.C. Tom has attended a yoga class.D. The woman may have dialed a wrong number. 6. A. What to take upas a hobby. B. How to keep fit.C. How to handle pressure.D. What to play with. 7. A. Classmates. B. Lecturers. C. Strangers.D. Relatives.8. A. He has made a careful plan of writing it. B. He hasn’tgot a whole picture of it.C. He has quit writing it.D. He is seeking fora publisher now.9. A. A head waiter. B. A shop assistant. C. A customer.D. A receptionist.10. A. He’s not surprised at the woman’s playing at a concerttomorrow.B. He won’t gi ve the woman a surprise at the concert tomorrow.C. He will also play at the concert tomorrow with the woman.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 2 页D. He understands the woman’s nervous feeling and thinks itnormal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A.In small cups. B. In a boat on a river.C. At the bottom of a river.D. On food stored inthe ground.12. A. It came from a river. B. It wasextremely pure.C. It was found in large quantities.D. It was dugup from a deep mine.13. A. An early means of travel on rivers. B. An ancientmethod of fishing in rivers.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 3 页C. An important discovery at a village.D. The way oftrading foods in old times.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. She enjoyed removing others’ drinks. B. Shebecame more and more forgetful.C. She preferred to do everything by herself.D. Shewanted to keep her house in good order.15. A. She is happy to clean windows. B. She loves toclean used windows.C. She is fond of clean used windows.D. She likes cleanwindows as my mother did.16. A. My mother often made us confused.B. My family members had a poor memory.C. My mother helped us to form a good habitD. My wife was surprised when she visited my mother. Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 4 页with the information you hear.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.The man’s interviewThe time for the At 17 in the morning.interviewPosition applied 18forHis worries He thinks he lacks 19and he is poor at languages.Languages capable 20 and French.of useComplete the form. Write ONE WORD OR NUMBER for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.How long will the It will last for 21 .conference last?What is between the There are 22 betweenconference rooms? them.Why does the woman need For 23 .smaller conference rooms?What do we learn about the The conference centre is made徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 5 页conference centre? up of the main conference hall,smaller conference rooms, anda(n) 24 .Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)The California state assembly recently approved the so-called Paris Hilton bill, which prevents dogs 25______ occupying the driver’s seatin a moving vehicle. The bill passed 26______ Democrats wanted to make an example of Miss Hilton. They think she is a “littlerich girl” who always gets her way; plus, her daddy is a big contributor to the Republican Party. “The judge 27______ have put her in jail for four months,” said one Democrat when Paris got onlya four-day jail sentence for driving while drunk.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 6 页28______ (drive) around town with her little dog Lovey hanging out the driver's window, Paris is a familiar sight throughout Los Angeles. Pictures of her and Lovey are common in newspapers and magazines.“That dog is a deadly threat to everyone on the s treets and the sidewalks,” said assembly leader Fabian Nunez. “We wrote this bill to protect the public. There’s no telling 29______ the dog might cause her to drive into a crowd of pedestrians. 30______ Paris wants to be with her dog, let her chauffeur do the driving. The state assembly is responsible for protecting people, and we take that responsibility seriously.”The assembly bill passed by a vote of 44 to 11. The state senate(参议院) 31______(expect) to approve the bill, and Governor Schwarzenegger ha s promised to sign it. “I love dogs,” he said,“but when it comes to 32______ (protect) the people of California, dogs will have to take a back seat.”The eleven assembly members who objected to the bill were all Republicans. “While Californians,” said Republican Tom Ridge, “arebeing attacked daily by murderers, rapists, and muggers, who do the Democrats protect citizens from—a 33______ (spoil) little girl and her dog!”徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 7 页(B)He almost killed somebody, but one minute changed his life. This beautiful story comes from Sherman Rogers’ book, Foremen: Leaders . or Drivers?In his true-life story, Rogers illustrates the importance ofeffective relationships. During his college years, Rogers spent 34______ summer in an Idaho(爱达荷州) logging camp. When thesuperintendent had to leave for a few days, he put Rogers in charge.“35______ if the men refuse to follow my orders?” Rogers asked.He thought of Tony, an immigrant worker who roared all day, giving the other men a hard time.“Fire them,” the superintendent said. Then, as if 36______ (read) Roger’s mind, he added, “I suppose you think you are going to fire Tony if you get the chance. I’d feel badly about that. I have been logging for 40 years. Tony is the most reliable worker I’ve ever had. I know he hates everybody and everything. But he comesin first and leaves last. There has not been an accident for eight years on the hill 37______ he works.”Rogers took over the next day. He went to Tony and spoke to him.“Tony, do you know I’m in charge here today?” Tony grunted徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 8 页(发哼声). “I was going to fire you the first time we fought, but I want you to know I’m not,” he told Tony, adding what the superintendent 38______ (say).When he finished, Tony dropped the shovelful of sand he had held and tears streamed down his face.“Why he no tell me dat eight years ago?”That day Tony worked harder than ever before --- and he smiled! He later said to Rogers, “My first foreman who ever say, ‘Good work, Tony’ and it made me feel like Christmas.”Rogers went back to school after that summer. Twelve years later he met Tony again who was now superintendent for railroad construction for one of 39______ (large) logging companies in the West. Rogers asked him how he came to California and happened to have such success.Tony replied, “If it not be for the one minute you talk to me back in Idaho, I keel somebody someday. One minute change my whole life.”Effective managers know the importance of taking a moment to point out 40______ a worker is doing well. But what a difference a minute of affirmation can make in any relationship!徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 9 页Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. B. well C. D. E.reassures distinguish encounter objectsF. G. H. I. J. K.inoffensive reveals afterwards implication genuine unpleasantTelling Tales“Here’s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention?Probably. We listen, but 41______ we often feel terrible with ourselves. That’s the problem with gossip: it’s something that asa social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be 42______ and harmful.Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and43______ the other person that our intentions arefriendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchangingbits and pieces of news about ourselves andothers, can be perfectly 44______. If I say to you, “Let’s meet for coffee and have a bit of a gossip,” I’m inviting you to a social45______ in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: life would be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us.But it’s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip,徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 10 页we do not mean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler 46______. A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out 47______. The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, butit’s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could 48______ the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip 49______ itself in its desire to make the 50______ of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference.Now then, did you hear about ...III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“What are you going to be when you grow up?” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a varietyof geography-related jobs.The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 11 页different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 51 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.Processing Geographic DataA geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographicinformation to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 52 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-techinformation-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 53 , high-level computer skills,and a college education.Once data have been processed, a geographer may study theinformation to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 54 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a newhighway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 12 页a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 55 to the success of a community.Advising Businesses and GovernmentAbout half of jobs using geography are in business and government.All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 56 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 57 points abouta location being considered.In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 58 was Cancún, today one of theworld’s most desirable vacation sites.Businesses connected with natural 59 such as forests alsorely on geographers. Geographers help them understand therelationship between their business and the environment where their 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 13 页business is located.In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast.It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly60 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.Physical and Human GeographyPhysical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 61 . Others study weather andclimate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 62 scientific training.Some geographers study economic, political, and 63issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 64 with political scientists,economists, and sociologists.Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 14 页teach the subject at all levels of 65 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located?” and “Why are they there?”51. A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciatingD. downloading52. A. map B. mine C. shape D.honour53. A. creatively B. critically C. wildlyD. moderately54. A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursionD. vacation55. A. qualified B. determined C. valuableD. feasible56. A. survive B. expand C. manage D.boom57. A. negative B. effective C. depressiveD. profitable58. A. scenery B. destination C. resultD. foundation徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 15 页59. A. potentials B. histories C. resourcesD. sciences60. A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed61. A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes62. A. peculiar B. special C. reasonableD. enthusiastic63. A. psychological B. contemporary C. religiousD. social64. A. closely B. peacefully C. loyallyD. sensitively65. A. demonstration B. revolution C. examinationD. educationSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Dangers of DietingThanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spentsitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 16 页overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don’t fad diets usually d o the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their startingweight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person’s bodydoesn’t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates(碳水化合物). A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 17 页fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is theideal diet?” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber,with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor’s supervision.66. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people?A. They have kidney failure.B. They gain the weight back again.C. They keep the weight off.D. They have less muscle.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 18 页67. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3?A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don’t give the body everything it needs.B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body what it needs.D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the required vitamins.68. Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet?A. Heart disease.B. Slower weight loss.C. Psychological changes.D. Kidney failure.69. According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual?A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.B. Everyone can gain the weight back.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 19 页C. Everyone has a different psychology.D. Everyone likes different foods.(B)Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April.Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was aMcDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 tohelp remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-oldAustralian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job.The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 20 页firm’s first non-American leader.Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr.Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an exper t on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. McDonald’s hasbrought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to facepolitical hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it? Mr.Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 21 页succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.70. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonaldis _______.A. the constant change of its share priceB. the board’s failure to reach an agreementC. the falling salesD. the physical problems of the chief executives71. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) inthe article most probably means someone who _______.A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a personB. has the same right to receive the family titleC. is appointed as an executive of a companyD. is likely to take over a person’s position when that personleaves徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 22 页72. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling salesof McDonald?A. The change of the chief executive.B. People’s concern about junk food.C. Dirty restaurant.D. Indifferent service.73. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.A. has had to made rather hasty decisionsB. prefers to appoint a new boss from withinC. acts in a quick and unreasonable wayD. surprises all the people with its decisions(C)It is evident that there is a close connection between the capacityto use language and the capacities covered by the verb “to think”. Indeed, some writers have identified thinking with using words: Plato coined the saying, “In thinking the soul is talking to itself”; J. B. Watson reduced thinking to inhibited(拘谨的) speech located in the minute(微小的) movements or tensions of the 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 23 页physiological mechanisms involved in speaking; and although Ryle is careful to point out that there are many senses in which a person issaid to think and in which words are not in evidence, he has also said that saying something in a specific frame of mind is thinking a thought.Is thinking reducible to, or dependent upon, language habits? It would seem that many thinking situations are hardly distinguishable from the skillful use of language, although there are some others in which language is not involved. Thought cannot be simply identified with using language. It may be the case, of course, that the non-linguistic skillsinvolved in thought can only be acquired and developed if the learner is able to use and understand language. However, this question is one which we cannot hope to answer in this book. Obviously being able to use language makes for a considerable development in all one’s capacities but how preciselythis comes about we cannot say.At the common-sense level it appears that there is often adistinction between thought and the words we employ to communicate with other people. We often have to struggle hard to find words to capture what our thinking has already grasped, and when we do find words we sometimes feel that they fail to do their job properly. Again 徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 24 页when we report or describe our thinking to other people we do not merely report unspoken words and sentences. Such sentences do not always occur in thinking, and when they do they are merged with vague imagery and the hint of unconscious or subliminal(潜意识)activities going on just out of rage. Thinking, as it happens, is more like struggling, striving, or searching for something than it is like talking or reading.Again the study of speech disorders due to brain injury disease suggests that patients can think without having adequate control over their language. Some patients, for example, fail to find the names of objects presented to them and are unable to describe simple events which they witness; they even find it difficult to interpret long writtennotices. But they succeed in playing games of chess or draughts. Theycan use the concepts needed for chess playing or draught playing but are unable to use many of the concepts in ordinary language. How they manage to do this we do not know. Presumably human beings have various capacities for thinking situations which are likewise independent of language.74. According to the theory of "thought" devised by J. B. Watson,thinking is_______.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 25 页A. talking to the soulB. concealed speechC. speaking nonverballyD. a non-linguistic behavior75. What does the author think about the relationship between language and thinking?A. The ability to use language enhances one’s capacity of thinking.B. Words and thinking match more often than not.C. Thinking never goes without language.D. Language and thinking are generally distinguishable.76. According to the author, when we intend to describe our thoughts, we______.A. merely report internal speechB. have to search for proper words in the way we readC. are overwhelmed with vague imageryD. sometimes are not able to find appropriate words77. Why are patients with speech disorders able to think withouthaving adequate control of language?A. They use different concepts.徐汇区高三英语本卷共 45 页第 26 页B. They do not think linguistically.C. It still remains an unsolved mystery.D. Thinking is independent of language.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Space Travel and Science FictionSpace travel and science fiction have long been connected. Early science fiction writers such as Jules Verne inspired scientists and engineers to develop new space technologies. Writers of science fiction, as well as creators of science fiction TV shows and movies, often study the latest scientific concepts and use or adapt them to help expose what future space travel, space ships, and space stations might look like.And while many of their predictions have come true, many others have not.Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French author. He was a pioneer of science fiction. In his novels From the Earth to the Moon (1865) and Around the Moon (1870), a kind of space ship is fired from a900-foot-long cannon(大炮) at the moon. On their journey, the three。
2018年第二学期徐汇区英语学习能力诊断卷含答案
2018年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷初三英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力)I. Listening Comprehension (听力理解): (共30分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片):（6分）ABCDEFG H1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. _________B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear (根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案): (8分)7. A. White. B. Red. C. Blue. D. Grey.8. A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.9. A. A dentist. B. A detective. C. A policeman. D. A fireman.10. A. Two yuan. B. Four yuan. C. Five yuan. D. Ten yuan.11. A. By bus. B. By car. C. On foot. D. By bike.12. A. Having a rest in the bedroom. B. Shopping in the supermarket.C. Visiting the museum.D. Having dinner in the restaurant.13. A. At the post office. B. At the airport.C. At the hotel.D. At the library.14. A. The school newspaper. B. The hard training for school reporters.C. Best wishes for the school trip.D. The school football team. C．Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示): (6分)15. Joana did some experiments on a plant called mimosa (含羞草) by herself.16. The result of the experiment was published in a magazine.17. The mimosas were planted in a 15-centermeter-high pot.18. The plants didn’t close their leaves at all after many tests.19. It seemed that the mimosa didn’t think the small drop harmful.20. The result of the experiment shows that plants have brains like people.D. Listen to the dialogue and complete the following sentences (听对话，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词): (10分)21. Mike and Linda will have a long walk on __________ __________.22. They will start the long walk from the __________ __________.23. During the walk, they can spend some time __________ __________ the church24. The long walk may be about __________ __________ including breaks.25. With the help of the signposts along the way, the couple will not __________ __________.Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary(第二部分语音、语法和词汇)II. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案): (共20分)26. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation?A. abroadB. coatC. goalD. road27. American violinist Lindsey doesn’t play _______ violin in the traditional way.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. The 2018 Winter Olympics took place _______ February 9 to 25 in South Korea.A. inB. onC. ofD. from29. The law prevents businessmen _______ buying and selling ivory, tooth of the elephant.A. byB. ofC. againstD. from30. Please check _______ passport and air ticket before leaving home.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself31. The community has plenty of _______ for the elderly to communicate with each other.A. roomB. classC. programD. game32. The world’s _______ glass floor bridge opened to the public in Shijiazhuang last year.A. longB. longerC. longestD. the longest33. In the concert, I loved the Little Star best because the kids sang so _______.A. lovelyB. friendlyC. kindlyD. sweetly34. There _______ a singing and dancing competition every month here.A. isB. hasC. will beD. will have35. –_______ does it take to get to the nearest supermarket?– About half an hour on foot.A. How farB. How longC. How soonD. How often36. These funny pictures about cakes will surely make you _______.A. laughB. laughingC. to laughD. laughed37. The text is available online so you _______ have a copy of it now.A. can’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t38. To complete the project in time, the staff of the company kept _______ day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked39. _______ the job was very hard and tiring for him in the beginning, he didn’t give up.A. BeforeB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. If40. Recently a new community library _______ and will be open to the public soon.A. is builtB. was builtC. has been builtD. will be built41. My brother was so careless that he forgot _______ his passport to the airport.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken42. Mr White _______ English in school for seven years since he first visited China.A. teachesB. taughtC. is teachingD. has taught43. Let’s keep quiet in the school library, _______?A. shall weB. can weC. will youD. do you44. – Would you mind turning on the radio a bit? I can’t hear it clearly.– _______.A. All rightB. That’s OKC. Thank youD. Not at all45. –_______.– I can’t agree more.A. Would you like some fish for dinner tonight?B. The lecture in the morning is so boring.C. Do you want to spend your weekend with us?D. I’ve decided to join in the tennis match next term.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。
2018年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷
2018年上海市徐汇区高考英语二模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．(★)A． Worried and frightened．B． Relaxed and happy．C． Quite embarrassed．D． Deeply ashamed．2．(★)A． Bill has never used a calculator．B． Bill can work better without a calculator．C． Bill is working with a calculator．D． Bill needs a calculator for this work．3．(★)A． To cut his jeans short．B． To go on a diet．C． To wear fitted clothes．D． To buy a pair of jeans．4．(★★★★★)系统找不到该试题5．(★)A． Put her report on his desk．B． Read some papers he recommended．C． Mail her report to the publisher．D． Improve some parts of her paper．6．(★★)A． Make some coffee．B． Meet the woman at the library．C． Continue to read．D． Go out with some friends．7．(★★)A． The man should buy a different meal ticket every month．B． Buying the meal ticket won't save the man any money．C． It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately．D． The price of a meal may vary from month to month．8．(★★)A． She's upset that she missed the television program．B． She doesn't think the television program was funny．C． She doesn't like talking about television programs．D． She watched the television program at a friend's house．9．(★★)A． He doubts the woman's words．B． He hasn't read the novel yet．C． He enjoyed reading the novel a lot．D． He is not interested in the novel at all．10．(★★★)A． The talks haven't started yet．B． They have come to a general agreement．C． The talks haven't achieved much．D． The talks broke down and went no further．11．(★★★)（1）A． They learn singing and dancing．B． They attend outdoor music festivals．C． They work on the farm for charity．D． They volunteer to work for others．（2）A． On the beach．B． In a park．C． On a farm．D． In a stadium．（3）A． It is run on a profit-making basis．B． It has achieved growing success．C． Fans can have free lunch there．D． Only superstars are invited to perform．12．(★★★)（1）A． The number of refugees is increasing sharply．B． Most refugees cannot get necessary services．C． Many refugee children cannot receive education．D． More children cannot afford to go to university．（2）A． No host nations want to change education systems．B． It is impossible to find so many extra teachers．C． Parents can't afford to send their kids to school．D． The refugee population grows but there's not enough money．（3）A． The necessity of education．B． The prohibition of child labor．C． The victims of armed conflicts．D． The living conditions of the poor．13．(★★★)（1）A． It has started a week-long promotion campaign．B． It has just launched its annual anniversary sales．C． It offers regular weekend sales all the year round．D． It specializes in the sale of men's suits．（2）A． Price reductions for its frequent customers．B． Gift cards for customers with any purchases．C． Free delivery of purchases for senior customers．D． Price adjustments within seven days of purchase．（3）A． Mail a gift card to her．B． Allow her to buy on credit．C． Credit it to her account．D． Give her cash directly．（4）A． It has already been sold out．B． It will be sent to the woman by mail．C． It is not available for the moment．D． It is one of the items on sale．Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions： After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.14．(★★)Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China，（1）being available only in Japanese．Called "Tabikaeru： Travel Frog"， the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan． Players collect clovers（四叶草） that grow inthe frog's garden （2） they can use them to buy supplies for the frog's journeys． In turn， the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels． Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures．While news of the game's appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week， its popularity hasn't decreased in any way since： "Travel Frog" on Monday was still ranked first on a list of themost （3）（download） games from Apple's app store in China． It is being widely discussed on social media，（4） users post photos of their frogs' adventures．Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point， which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collecting game "Neko Atsume"． Even though （5）is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in "Travel Frog"， local media outlets reported that the game's slow nature was part of its charm．The game was popular as it "tapped the trend among younger generations in China to search out ‘Zen-like' activities"， China Daily said，（6）（add） that those users were taken with its "Buddha-style gameplay"．But not everyone is thrilled about "Travel Frog"． In a post on social media platform Weibo last week， the state-run People's Daily suggested that people （7）aim to enrich themselves and "avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth"．As an indication of the popularity of the "Travel Frog"， Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original， the South China Morning Post reported． That version of the game，which （8）（create） by a developer called Song Yang， charged users 30 yuan（﹩4.74）to download the game． On Monday， another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt （9）（improve） gameplay．While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about （10） it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not， the company did put out anEnglish update for "Neko Atsume" in 2015．SectionB Directions：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notet hatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.15．(★★) Before science became professionalized in the 19th century，（1）naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world． A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK （2） feed wild birds． The National Trust has more than 5 million members， and 60，000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic （3）． Now， with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a （n）（4） rate， volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage．Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes． On the Isle of Man， more than 8，000 people （nearly 10% of the population） are involved in regular weekend beach cleans． At one recent event， 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours． Thanks to（5） such as this， the island status with the Galápagos， Yellowstone in the US， Uluru in Australia， and hundreds of other sites．Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too． They monitor the spread of （6） species， and record how native species respond． Divers also （7） levels of marine litter and other human impacts． Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones． Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks． The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was （8） in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK， while satellite tagging （9） the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark．Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes． No one can know better， or care more about， our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them． As a group of divers and （10） residents who lived on the shores of the bay， they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them．ReadingComprehension SectionA Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.16．(★★★)Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic．（1） regular practice might include mindless repetitions， deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving （2）．The greatest （3） of deliberate practice is to remain focused． In the beginning， showing up is the most important thing． But after a while we begin to carelessly （4） small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement． This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to （5）repeated behaviors into automatic habits．（6）， when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process． Today，after many repetitions， your brain can perform this sequence （7）． The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes．Mindless activity is the（8） of deliberate practice． The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes（9）． Too often， we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience． In （10）， we are merely reinforcing（加强） our current habits - not improving them．Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough． But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world？The first effective feedback system is （11）． This holds true for the number of pages we read， the number of pushups we do， the number of sales calls we make， and any other task that is important to us． It is only through measurement that we have any （12） of whether we are getting better or worse．The second effective feedback system is coaching． One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for （13）deliberate practice． In many cases， it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time． Good coaches can track your progress， find small ways to improve， and hold you（14） to delivering your best effort each day．Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity． It requires sustainedeffort and concentration， but if you can manage to maintain your focus and （15）， then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting： to get the most out of what you've got．（1）A． Since B． Whether C． While D． As（2）A． awareness B． performance C． enjoyment D． intelligence（3）A． equivalent B． ambition C． challenge D． appeal（4）A． overlook B． insert C． detect D． implement（5）A． transport B． translate C． transplant D． transform（6）A． For example B． On the contrary C． As a result D． On the other hand（7）A． carelessly B． accurately C． instantly D． automatically （8）A． outcome B． enemy C． source D． substitute（9）A． distracted B． imposed C． assumed D． noted（10）A． reality B． despair C． contrast D． return（11）A． encouragementB． compliment C． measurement D． management（12）A． motivation B． proof C． trouble D． concern（13）A． resisting B． eliminating C． defining D． sustaining（14）A． accountableB． opposed C． addicted D． parallel（15）A． existence B． commitment C． dignity D． perspective SectionB Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinisheds tatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA，B，CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejus tread.17．(★★)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying？ Well， you are not alone． We've all had that feeling． But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are beinglied to？Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body． When people are lying they tend not to move their arms， hands or legs very far from their body． They don't want to take up very much space because they don't want to be noticed． Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes． Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth．Liars also use deflection． For example， if you ask a liar the question "Did you steal Fatima's bag？"， they may answer with something like "Fatima is myfriend． Why would I do that？" In this situation the person is telling the truth，but they are also not answering the question． They are trying to deflect your attention． Liars may also give too many details． They may try to over-explain things． They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying．Often when a person is lying， they do not want to continue talking about their lie． If you think someone is lying， quickly change the subject． If the person islying， they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer． A little later， change the subject back to what you were talking about before． If the person seems uncomfortable again， they may be lying．It's very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you． He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven； silence gives no feedback on whether or not you've bought the story． If you're a good listener， you'll already be avoiding interruptions， which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold．Just because a person is showing these behaviors， it does not mean they are lying． They might be shy or nervous． But， if you think someone is lying， you might want to use some of these techniques． Hopefully， you won't need to very often．（1）By saying "Liars also use deflection"， the writer means that liarsmay ．A． tell great storiesB． change tone of voiceC． ask a question in replyD． avoid direct answers（2）According to the passage， a person could be lying if he or she ．A． offers more information than necessaryB． appears to be shy or nervousC． changes the subject of the conversationD． speaks very fast and vaguely（3）Which of the following can be learned from the passage？A． Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies．B． We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation．C． Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking．D． We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation．（4）The passage mainly talks about ．A． who deceives usB． why people tell liesC． how to detect liesD． what to do with liars18．(★★★) （1）What is discussed in the first letter？A． How to ask questions in a polite way．B． How to respond to a false charge．C． How to make a correction at work．D． How to handle rude mass emails at work．（2）According to Greg， expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as ．A． talking about your family issues in publicB． complaining about your prior partner on a first dateC． demonstrating your qualifications to your new bossD． bragging about your experience to your partner（3）It can be inferred that "go to greg" mainly offers advice on people's ．A． career choicesB． social relationshipsC． working problemsD． health problems19．(★★)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the﹩265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published． No follow-up investigations to replicate（复制） or expand on a discovery． No one uses the findings to build new technologies．The problem is not just what happens after publication - scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them． Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firmconclusions． Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans． Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions． The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for， as one might guess， more research on research - attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are， in fact， valid．It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem． We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient． These may include collaborative team science， study registration， stronger study designs and statistical tools， and better peer review， along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments， therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies．Reproducing other scientists' analyses or replicating their results has too oftenin the past been looked down on with a kind of "me-too" derision（嘲笑） that would waste resources - but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful． Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments． Searching for such information can be extremely difficult． Investigators die， move and change jobs； computers crash； online links malfunction． Data are sometimes lost - even， as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious（伪造的） results， eaten by termites（白蚁）．There has definitely been some recent progress． An increasing number of journals，including Nature and Science， have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access todata． Several funding agencies， meanwhile， have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant．But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change． Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just gettingstatistically significant （"positive"） but nonreplicable results． Revising the present incentive（激励） structure may require changes on the part of journals，funders， universities and other research institutions．（1）What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet？A． Great achievements in medical research failed to get published．B． Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research．C． Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication．D． Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind．（2）Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2？A． A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund．B． A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor's advice．C． A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population．D． A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data．（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？A． Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only．B． Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid．C． Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile．D． Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings．（4）The purpose of this article is to ．A． argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB． explain the result of a recent scientific studyC． introduce some recent progress in medical researchD． highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection C Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with aproper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.20．(★★) People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some insight into how to solve them． And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems， it feels good to let off some steam．（1） How problems are discussed， though， can be the difference between halving a problemor doubling it．The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is "co-rumination"． Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going overthe same problems， anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings．（2） In a study involving children aged seven to 15years of age，researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with "high-quality" and close friendships． However， in girls， it was also associated with anxiety and depression （the same association was not found with theboys）． And studies suggest that co-rumination isn't just a problem for girls． Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress， one study suggests．（3） In a group of adults， the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact， telephone contact， texting and social media． The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact， telephone contact and texting， but not in social media． The negative aspects of co-rumination （anxiety） was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact， but not texting or social media． Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication．Discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health， as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions． Then， relationships can be positive andSummary Writing21．(★★★)Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．A Workaholic EconomyAlthough the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945， leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed． Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ． In fact，working hours have increased noticeably since 1970． Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress．There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure．Since 1970， companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel． Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb． A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and， at the same time， compels workers to spend more time on the job． Most of those incentives（诱因） involve the structure ofcompensation（报酬）． The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job． Once people are on salary， their cost to afirm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70． Therefore，it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder．For all that employees complain about long hours， they， too， have reasons not to trade money for leisure． "People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms，" Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains． "It's taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm．" He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm's well-being， so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked． Employees know this， and they adjust their behavior accordingly．Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， usingthe words given in the brackets.22．(★★★)这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会．（provide）23．(★★★)缩小贫富差距是政府面临的主要挑战之一．（face）24．(★★★★★)只有充分利用有限的时间，才能适应快节奏的现代生活．（Only）25．(★★★★)毫无疑问，无人驾驶汽车在批量生产和大范围商用之前还有不少问题需要解决．（remain）Guided Writing26．(★★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words accordingto the instructions given below in Chinese．成长道路上难免遇到来自同伴的压力（peer pressure）．同伴压力可能给我们带来积极或消极的影响．请结合自己生活中的一个具体事例，谈谈你的体会．注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称．。
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上海市徐汇区2018届高三下学期学习能力诊断（二模）英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Worried and frightened. B. Relaxed and happy.C. Quite embarrassed.D. Deeply ashamed.2. A. Bill has never used a calculator. B. Bill can work better without a calculator.C. Bill is working with a calculator.D. Bill needs a calculator for this work.3. A. To cut his jeans short. B. To go on a diet.C. To wear fitted clothes.D. To buy a pair of jeans.4. A. Having an interview. B. Filling out a form.C. Talking with a friend.D. Asking for information.5. A. Put her report on his desk. B. Read some papers he recommended.C. Mail her report to the publisher.D. Improve some parts of her paper.6. A. Make some coffee. B. Meet the woman at the library.C. Continue to read.D. Go out with some friends.7. A. The man should buy a different meal ticket every month.B. Buying the meal ticket won‟t save the man any money.C. It is better for the man to pay for each meal separately.D. The price of a meal may vary from month to month.8. A. She‟s upset that she missed the television program.B. She doesn‟t think the television program was funny.C. She doesn‟t like talking about television programs.D. She watched the television program at a friend‟s house.9. A. He doubts the woman‟s words. B. He hasn‟t read the novel yet.C. He enjoyed reading the novel a lot.D. He is not interested in the novel at all.10. A. The talk s haven‟t started yet. B. They have come to a general agreement.C. The talks haven‟t achieved much.D. The talks broke down and went no further.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They learn singing and dancing. B. They attend outdoor music festivals.C. They work on the farm for charity.D. They volunteer to work for others.12. A. On the beach. B. In a park. C. On a farm. D. In a stadium.13. A. It is run on a profit-making basis. B. It has achieved growing success.C. Fans can have free lunch there.D. Only superstars are invited to perform.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The number of refugees is increasing sharply.B. Most refugees cannot get necessary services.C. Many refugee children cannot receive education.D. More children cannot afford to go to university.15. A. No host nations want to change education systems.B. It is impossible to find so many extra teachers.C. Parents can‟t afford to send their kids to school.D. The refugee population grows but there‟s not enough money.16. A. The necessity of education.B. The prohibition of child labor.C. The victims of armed conflicts.D. The living conditions of the poor.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It has started a week-long promotion campaign.B. It has just launched its annual anniversary sales.C. It offers regular weekend sales all the year round.D. It specializes in the sale of men‟s suits.18. A. Price reductions for its frequent customers.B. Gift cards for customers with any purchases.C. Free delivery of purchases for senior customers.D. Price adjustments within seven days of purchase.19. A. Mail a gift card to her. B. Allow her to buy on credit.C. Credit it to her account.D. Give her cash directly.20. A. It has already been sold out. B. It will be sent to the woman by mail.C. It is not available for the moment.D. It is one of the items on sale.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Traveling Frog Stimulates ReflectionA free mobile game about a traveling frog has become a hit in China, (21)________ being available only in Japanese.Called “Tabikaeru: Travel Frog”, the main character of the game is a frog that goes on adventures around Japan. Players collect clovers(四叶草) that grow in the frog‟s garden (22)________ they can use them to buy supplies for the frog‟s journeys. In turn, the frog sends players souvenirs and snapshots from its travels. Users cannot control when the frog chooses to go on its adventures.While news of the game‟s appeal among mobile phone users on the mainland was first reported on by local media outlets last week, its popularity hasn‟t decreased in any way since: “Travel Frog” on Monday was still ranked first on a list of the most (23)__________(download) games from Appl e‟s app store in China. It is being widely discussed on social media, (24)__________ users post photos of their frogs‟ adventures.Behind the craze is Japanese game developer Hit-Point, which was previously best-known for creating the popular cat-collectin g game “Neko Atsume”. Even though (25)__________ is difficult to pinpoint what has driven interest among mainland users in “Travel Frog”, local media outlets reported that the game‟s slow nature was part of its charm.The game was popular as it “tapped th e trend among younger generations in China to search out …Zen-like‟ activities”, China Daily said, (26)_________(add) that those users were taken with its “Buddha-style gameplay”.But not everyone is thrilled about “Travel Frog”. In a post on social media platform Weibo last week, the state-run People‟s Daily suggested that people (27)__________ aim to enrich themselves and “avoid being a lonely frog-raising youth”.As an indication of the popularity of the “Travel Frog”, Apple has already had to remove from its store an app that appeared to be the Chinese version of the original, the South China Morning Post reported. That version of the game, which (28)__________(create) by a developer called Song Yang, charged users 30 yuan ($4.74) to download the game. On Monday, another free-to-download app available on the app store claimed it offered strategies and guides in Chinese that players could adopt (29)___________(improve) gameplay.While Hit-Point has not responded to inquiries about (30)_________ it intends to develop versions of the game in other languages or not, the company did put out an English update for “Neko Atsume” in 2015.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alarmingB. propertiesC. revealedD. invasiveE. rescueF.instrumental G. households H. document I. concerned J. amateur K. initiativesBefore science became professionalized in the 19th century, __(31)__ naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK __(32)__ feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic __(33)__. Now,with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n) __(34)__ rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.V olunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to __(35)__ such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of __(36)__ species, and record how native species respond. Divers also __(37)__ levels of marine litter and other human impacts. V olunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. V olunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was __(38)__ in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging __(39)__ the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.V olunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and __(40)__ residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __(41)__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __(42)__.The greatest __(43)__ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __(44)__ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brainis to __(45)__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __(46)__, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __(47)__. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __(48)__ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __(49)__. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __(50)__, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __(51)__. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __(52)__ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplines is that coaches are often essential for __(53)__ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __(54)__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __(55)__, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempt ing: to get the most out of what you‟ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Have you ever had the experience of talking to someone and you think they are lying? Well, you are not alone. We‟ve all had that feeling. But did you know that there are several things you can look for to see if you are being lied to?Sometimes you can tell if a person is lying by observing what they do with their body. When people are lying they tend not to move their arms, hands or legs very far from their body. They don‟t want to take up very much space because they don‟t want to be noticed. Sometimes a person who is lying will not look you in the eyes. Other times people who lie try to look at you in a strong way because they want to convince you they are telling the truth.Liars also use deflection. For example, if you ask a liar t he question “Did you steal Fatima‟s bag?”, they may answer with something like “Fatima is my friend. Why would I do that?” In this situation the person is telling the truth, but they are also not answering the question. They are trying to deflect your attention. Liars may also give too many details. They may try to over-explain things. They do this because they want to convince you of what they are saying.Often when a person is lying, they do not want to continue talking about their lie. If you think someone is lying, quickly change the subject. If the person is lying, they will appear more comfortable because they are not talking about their lie any longer. A little later, change the subject back to what you were talking about before. If the person seems uncomfortable again, they may be lying.It‟s very hard for a liar to avoid filling silence created by you. He or she wants you to believe the lies being woven; silence gives no feedback on whether or not you‟ve bought the story. If you‟re a good listener, you‟ll already be avoiding interruptions, which in itself is a great technique to let the story unfold.Just because a person is showing these behaviors, it does not mean they are lying. They might be shy or nervous. But, if you think someone is lying, you might want to use some of these techniques. Hopefully, you won‟t need to very often.56. By saying “Liars also use deflection”, the writer means that liars may __________.A. tell great storiesB. change tone of voiceC. ask a question in replyD. avoid direct answers57. According to the passage, a person could be lying if he or she ____________.A. offers more information than necessaryB. appears to be shy or nervousC. changes the subject of the conversationD. speaks very fast and vaguely58. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Liars always try to avoid direct eye contact when they tell lies.B. We can make people lie by changing the subject in a conversation.C. Liars are often expansive in hand and arm movements while talking.D. We make liars uncomfortable by giving no feedback in a conversation.59. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. who deceives usB. why people tell liesC. how to detect liesD. what to do with liars(B)More On: go to greg Letter 1January 28, 2018 | 3:31pmIs omitting jobs from a resume lying?--------------------How to handle stress at work---------------------How can men and women work better together?---------------------How will cancer treatment affect my son’s resume?---------------------What to do if you drank too much at the companyholiday partyI work for an e-commerce Website. If one of our merchandisers has a question or wants to make a correction, they e-mail the entire department. In my opinion, this is rude and unnecessary. It seems to me that mass e-mail is appropriate for good or neutral news, rather than making a correction. Do you agree? Moreover, if you were the recipient of the correction, how would you respond?The only people who should be included in an e-mail are those who need to know or respond. Including everyone is rude and unprofessional as well as annoying to recipients. It‟s not like we don‟t have enough in our inbox already. I don‟t agree that e-mail is only for good or neutral news, however. Sometimes you need to alert people or create a record of bad news. But no one should use e-mail to blame other people. If you‟ve got a problem with someone, pick up the phone or take it outside (for a coffee, not a fist fight…geez). As for how to respond, e-mail is usually ineffective for resolving conflict. Have a conversation with the sender and explain why his or her approach isn‟t the best and what you recommend.Letter 2January 14, 2018 | 9:24 pmIt’s the start of a new year and I believe it’s time for a change. What’s the best way to explain to a prospective employer that you are in need of something new without seeming flighty and without complaining about your current employer?The new year is as good a time as any to take stock, but not the only reason for making a change. At least, that‟s not what you communicate to a prospective employer. Your reason for looking for a new job is less important to your new employer than why you want to work there. Needing a change might be the catalyst(催化剂), but the job search is like dating, and you wouldn‟t ask someone out and explain you‟re just bored inyour current relationship, right? At least I hope not, otherwise you‟re likely to be as lonelyas Barry Manilow sounds when he sings “It‟s Just Another New Year‟s Eve”.60. What is discussed in the first letter?A. How to ask questions in a polite way.B. How to respond to a false charge.C. How to make a correction at work.D. How to handle rude mass emails at work.61. According to Greg, expressing your dissatisfaction with your present job in an interview would be the same as __________.A. talking about your family issues in publicB. complaining about your prior partner on a first dateC. demonstrating your qualifications to your new bossD. bragging about your experience to your partner62. It can be inferred that “go to greg” mainly offers advice on people‟s __________.A. career choicesB. social relationshipsC. working problemsD. health problems(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds of treatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools,and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing oth er scientists‟ analyses or replicating their results has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of “me-too” derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they can receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (“positive”) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. What is the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor‟s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. The purpose of this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introduce some recent progress in medical researchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.B.In that way, a problem shared can really be a problem halved.C.Girls are more likely than boys to co-ruminate with their close friends.D.Indeed, having close friends to trust may protect you against poor mental health.E.This human tendency to work things out in one‟s mind, is common.F.How you co-ruminate matters too.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they‟ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don‟t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is as sociated with “high-quality” andclose friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn‟t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn‟t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties.(70)________________IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Workaholic EconomyAlthough the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War Ⅱ. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970. Bookstores now abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress.There are mainly two reasons for lost leisure.Since 1970, companies have responded to improvements in the business climate by having employees work overtime rather than by hiring extra personnel. Some firms are even downsizing as their profits climb. A host of factors pushes employers to hire fewer workers for more hours and, at the same time, compels workers to spend more time on the job. Most of those incentives(诱因)involve the structure of compensation(报酬). The way salaries and benefits are organized makes it more profitable to ask 40 employees to labor an extra hour each than to hire one more worker to do the same 40-hour job. Once people are on salary, their cost to a firm is the same whether they spend 35 hours a week in the office or 70. Therefore, it is more profitable for employers to work their existing employees harder.For all that employees complain about long hours, they, too, have reasons not to trade money for leisure. “People who work reduced hours pay a huge penalty in career terms,” Bailyn of Massachusetts Institute of Technology maintains. “It‟s taken as a negative signal about their commitment to the firm.” He adds that many corporate managers find it difficult to measure the contribution of their employees to a firm‟s well-being, so they estimate staff productivity in terms of hours worked. Employees know this, and they adjust their behavior accordingly.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 这次春游为同学们提供了放松的机会。