英语专业四级阅读理解高分特训100篇-第3章 英语专业四级标准阅读篇(教育文化类)【圣才出品】

教育文化类（Passage 39～47）Passage 39 题材：教育文化类字数：450 建议用时：6分钟It is one of the oldest debates in education. Should teachers tell pupils the way things are or encourage them to find out for themselves? Telling children “truths” about the world helps them learn those facts more quickly. Yet the efficient learning of specific facts may lead to the assumption that when the adult has finished teaching, there is nothing further to learn—because if there were, the adult would have said so. A study suggests that is true.Dr. Bonawitz and Dr. Shafto arranged for $5 four- and five-year-aids to be presented, during a visit to a museum, with a novel toy that looked like colored pipes and was capable of doing many different things. They wanted to know whether the way the children played with the toy depended on how they were instructed by the adult who gave it to them.O ne group of children had a strict introduction. The experimenter said “Look at my toy! This is my toy. I'm going to show you how my toy works. “She then pulled a yellow tube out of a purple tube, creating a squeaking sound. Following this, she said, “Wow, see that? This is how my toy works!”and then demonstrated the effect again.With a second group of children, the experimenter acted differently.She interrupted herself after demonstrating the squeak by saying she had to go and write something down, thus suggesting that she might not have finished thedemonstration. With a third group, she activated the squeak as if by accident. To a fourth, the toy was simply presented with the comment, “Wow, see this toy? Look at this!”After these varied introductions, the children were left with the toy and allowed to play.All the children were told to let the experimenter know when they had finished playing and were asked by the instructor if they were done if they stopped playing for more than five consecutive seconds. The entire interaction was recorded on video.The upshot was that children in the first group spent less time playing （119 seconds）than those in the second （180 seconds）, the third （133 seconds）or the fourth （206 seconds）. Those in the first group also tried out four different actions, on average. The others tried 5.3, 5.9 and 6.2, respectively. A similar pattern （0.7, 1.3, 1.2 and 1.2）pertained to the number of functions other than the squeak that the children found.The researchers' conclusion was that, in the context of strange toys of unknown function, prior explanation does, indeed, inhibit exploration and discovery. Generalizing from that would be ambitious. But it suggests that further research might be quite a good idea.1. It can be inferred that the efficient learning of facts may _______.A. help students remember things quicklyB. hinder students from probing furtherC. confine students' thoughts in a boundaryD. lead to the formation of bad learning habits2. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the experiment?A. The toy was decorated with attractive objects.B. The children were divided into four groups at random.C. The 85 children came from different families and cities.D. The functions of the toy were introduced to some children.3. The purpose of the passage is to let people know _______.A. when teachers should let students exploreB. when children should be taught factsC. how children should play with toysD. how teachers should instruct students4. What does t he word “upshot” （Paragraph Six）probably mean?5. What’s the author's attitude towards the finding of the experiment?「文章大意」本文围绕鼓励学生自行探索这一主题展开说明。

开篇由一个设问引出主题，指出告诉学生过多信息会让他们止步不前，而一项研究印证了这一点。

第二段简介Dr. Bonawitz and Dr. Shafio的实验。

第三段和第四段具体说明孩子们的分组情况以及实验人员对玩具的不同介绍。

第五段介绍了实验人员给孩子们的具体指令。

第六段说明实验结果。

末段指出实验结论以及作者对该实验的看法。

答案详解1.B 推断题。

根据题干中的关键词learning of facts定位至原文的第一段的第四句话。

由此可得知，学生会失去继续学习的动力和欲望，故B选项的说法符合文意，故本题的正确答案为B。

2.D 细节题。

原文的第三段和第四段介绍了实验的分组情况，第三段第二、四句是实验者对玩具的介绍，并且第四段的最后一句话指出“To a fourth, the toy was simply presented with th e comment, ‘Wow, see this toy? Look at this!’”，由此可见实验者并没有对所有孩子介绍玩具故D选项的说法正确，为本题答案。

3.A 主旨题。

根据全文内容可知，本文第一句话就提出：“Should teachers tell pupils theway things are or encourage them to find out for themselves?”，并利用此问题引出了作者的观点：“对具体事物的高效率学习也许导致孩子们会有这样的假设：当长辈停止教育时，那就不需要进一步的学习了”，然后又具体介绍了Dr. Bonawitz and Dr. Shafto就此而进行的实验。

因此全文的就是围绕着首段提出的内容而展开，即本文的主旨为引导孩子进行探索的问题，故本题的正确答案为A。

4. Outcome.语义题。

根据题干直接定位至原文第六段的第一句话。

结合本句和下文的内容可得知，作者给出实验结果，然后得出实验结论，是符合研究流程的。

5. Cautious.态度题。

根据题干中的关键词the finding of the experiment定位至原文的最后一段。