(完整版)初中宾语从句详细讲解教师版

宾语从句

一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。

在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：I know the man.

而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I know that the man is a policeman.

主句引导词从句

宾语从句三大块:

1. 引导宾语从句的连接词（从属连接词和连接代词）；

2. 宾语从句的语序；

3. 宾语从句的时态。

二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）

作用有无意义在从句中

所做成分从属连接词that 只起连接作用无无

Whether/if 起连接作用有（表示是否）无

连接词连接代

词What 连接+从句中做成分什么（指物）主，宾，表Which 连接+从句中做成分哪一个（指物）主，宾，表who 连接+从句中做成分谁（指人主格）主，表whom 连接+从句中做成分谁（指人宾格）宾whose 连接+从句中做成分谁的（指人所有格）定

连接副词Where 连接+从句中做成分地点状语When 连接+从句中做成分时间状语Why 连接+从句中做成分原因状语How 连接+从句中做成分方式状语

1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

I don’t know

I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.

(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?

Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?

注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况

•一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：

•①与or not连用：

He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.

•②在介词之后：

It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings •③在不定式之前：

We haven’t decided whether to go there.I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.

3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：

1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?

Can you tell me what she is doing?

2.Where does she live? Do you know?

Do you know where she lives?

Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序

注意事项:

(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：

What’s wrong? What’s the matter?

What’s happening?

eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是____任何___时态。

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us w here we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的___过去______时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.

He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

特殊情况：

1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

Could you tell me where the bookshop is.

2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.

He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.

2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.

My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.

3) There will be a m eeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.

Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days.

4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.

5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.

6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao

Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet.

7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?

Who knows _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?

8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?