2014年在职研究生英语考试题

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2014考研试题及答案

2014考研试题及答案2014年的考研试题是很多考生备考时关注的焦点之一。

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一、英语试题Section I Use of English1. George is an honest person, and you can always take his word. He always ______________ what he has said.【答案】 means2. When Queen Elizabeth II visited China in 1986, relations between the two countries _______________ warmer.【答案】 grew3. After his wife passed away, Mr. Smith has lived _______________ ever since.【答案】 alone4. The experimental results proved that the new drug is________________ effective in treating cancer.【答案】 extremelySection II Reading ComprehensionPassage 1:【题目】What is the main topic of the passage?【答案】The benefits of drinking green tea.Passage 2:According to the passage, why are bees dying in large numbers?【答案】Due to the excessive use of pesticides.Passage 3:【题目】What is the author's main argument in the passage?【答案】Social media is a double-edged sword that can both connect and isolate people.二、政治学试题1. 有关全球化的理论，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 全球化代表了贫富差距的增加。

2014考研英语一真题(含答案解析)

2014考研英语一真题(含答案解析) Introduction:The 2014 Graduate Entrance Examination (GEE) English Paper I is a significant subject of discussion for candidates aspiring to pursue postgraduate studies in China. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam, including the question types, difficulty level, and detailed answer explanations. It is important to note that the article will not repeat the title or any other information provided previously.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe first section of the 2014 GEE English Paper I focuses on reading comprehension. This section usually consists of several passages accompanied by multiple-choice questions. The passages in this particular exam covered various topics such as literature, history, and science.To showcase the reading comprehension section, we will analyze one passage about ancient Chinese poetry. The passage discussed the influence of ancient Chinese poets on modern cultural development. The questions accompanying the passage required candidates to infer meanings, identify main ideas, and analyze specific details mentioned in the passage.Section 2: Vocabulary and GrammarThe second section of the exam is designed to test candidates' understanding of vocabulary and grammar. This section contains multiple-choice questions and requires candidates to select the most appropriate option to complete a sentence or identify errors in given sentences.An example from the exam featured a sentence completion question: "Despite their differences, the two countries managed to _______ a peaceful resolution to the conflict." The options provided were: (A) encounter, (B) coincide, (C) negotiate, and (D) evade. Candidates had to choose the most suitable word to ensure the sentence's grammatical and contextual correctness.Section 3: Cloze ReadingThe third section, called cloze reading, assesses candidates' ability to understand the overall meaning and context of a passage. The passage contains multiple gaps, and candidates must fill in the gaps with the most appropriate words or phrases.For instance, the 2014 exam included a passage about climate change. Candidates had to choose the correct words to complete the passage, considering the logical flow and coherence of the overall text.Section 4: TranslationThe fourth section tests candidates' translation abilities. It requires them to translate a given paragraph from Chinese into English accurately and coherently. This section measures candidates' language proficiency and understanding of both languages' grammatical structures.An example from the exam required candidates to translate a paragraph discussing the benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence. Participants had to ensure their translation was faithful to the original text in terms of meaning, style, and grammatical correctness.Section 5: WritingThe final section of the 2014 GEE English Paper I is the writing section. Candidates are provided with a topic and are required to write an essay showcasing their ability to organize ideas logically, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and demonstrate critical thinking skills.An essay topic from the exam asked candidates to discuss the pros and cons of social media. Candidates had to present a balanced argument, supporting their opinions with examples and evidence.Conclusion:The 2014 GEE English Paper I was a comprehensive examination that evaluated candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar proficiency, translation skills, and overall written English abilities. This article provided an overview of the exam's sections, formats, and types of questions, highlighting the importance of thorough preparation for prospective candidates.。

2014年研究生学位英语考试真题(部分)

目录2007-1 (1)2007-6 (9)2008-1 (17)2008-6 (24)2009-6 (32)2010-6 (43)2011-1 (69)2012-6 (83)2007-1PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)1. A. He fixed the tape recorder.B. Although old, he is still working.C. His love for music surprised the two speakers.D. He picked up the tape recorder from the garbage can.2. A. He can't imagine what his friends have got for him.B. He always knows what Mary will say.C. He is anxious to see Mary's reaction to the gift.D. He is too busy to wait.3. A. His car broke down.B. He is usually late.C. He never leaves his house before 9:00.D. He might be late because of the bad traffic.4. A. No, because the man will have guests.B. No, because the man has seen the movie.C. No, because the man will go out.D. No, because the man wants to see the movie alone.5. A. She will continue with her diet.B. She can't afford expensive food.C. She might die any day.D. She is overweight.6. A. He should be thinking about something more important.B. He has enough money for a car.C. He spends money like water.D. He can't afford a car.7. A. People have different tastes.B. Each of them owns a restaurant.C. The woman should tell him her own opinion.D. Many customers like the restaurant.8. A. She has already seen it.B. She enjoys the movie.C. She regrets missing the movie.D. She doesn't care for the movie.9. A. Setting the table.B. Polishing silver.C. Sewing napkins.D. Putting the food away.Section B ( 1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A. A residential college.B. A family house,C. A university,D. An office block.11. A. It is the same as the old Smith House.B. It has become smaller.C. It has become larger.D. It is the same as it was in the 1840s.12. A. Wing 2-3rd Floor - Room 4.B. West - 2nd Floor - Room 34.C. West Wing 2 - 3rd Floor - Room 4.D. West Wing - 2nd Floor - Room 34.Mini-talk Two13. A. Smoking rooms.B. A gymnasium.C. Assembly roomsD. Dining rooms.14. A. April 10, 1912.B. April 11. 1912.C. April 13, 1912.D. April 14, 1912.15. A. There were not enough lifeboats.B. The water was cold.C. There was too much panic.D. People were disorganized.Section C ( 1 point each)The Film-making Process: Six steps16. Step 1: ____________________________17. Step 2:____________________________18. Step 3:____________________________19. Step 4:____________________________20. Step 5:____________________________Step 6: Composing the musicPART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.A. investmentB. resourceC. inspirationD. stimulus22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions.A. bewilderingB. exasperatingC. dismayingD. upsetting23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography.A. all at onceB. by and byC. to some extentD. on the whole24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences.A. optimisticB. anxiousC. uncertainD. scared25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.A. enhancedB. revisedC. alternatedD. modified26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.A. arisen fromB. contributed toC. patched upD. participated in27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.A. resignedB. compromisedC. persistedD. dominated28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.A. inclinedB. struggledC. arguedD. competed29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.A. on occasionB. at presentC. by nowD. for sure30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims' families.A. brieflyB. quicklyC. accuratelyD. earnestlySection B (0.5 point each)31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.A. composeB. imposeC. exposeD. pose33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.A. energeticB. vigorousC. rigorousD. grave34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.A. presentationB. instructionC. convictionD. obligation35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible36. As __________ China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers than heavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn up38. Strangely enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my father‟s.A. stood up toB. walked up toC. lived up toD. added up to39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.A. assumeB. anticipateC. assureD. wonder40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grant approvals.A. manipulateB. adjustC. regulateD. managePART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study. "Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Florida professor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with a few 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followed thousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall person enjoys," Judge said.Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving theman edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary 49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for42. A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment44. A. on B. with C. over D. to45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. loss D. necessity46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D. initiative48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations50. A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign ofPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAt the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as much time studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College of Sciences of UNLV.With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper."It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism (剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writings off the Internet without attributing them.Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of the mindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they're going to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the next step," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn't do."Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in the first place.51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail deviceB. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmatesC. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision systemD. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.A. should be severely punished for their dishonestyB. didn't have much time to study before the examC. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enoughD. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.A. use many high-tech devicesB. cut off Internet access on campusC. turn to the oral exanimation formsD. cut off the use of high-tech devices54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheatingB. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writingC. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinationsD. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.A. Cheating Has Gone High-techB. Game of Cat and MouseC. A New Examination-supervision SystemD. Measures to Fight Against DishonestyPassage TwoTop marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold. "Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britain's Brunel University.Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sports development department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique. "In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital."Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive training, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for "performance genes."57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' successB. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' successC. genes are more important for sportspersons' successD. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.A. environment can help determine people's body shapeB. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shapeC. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sportsD. identical twins may have different genes for different sports59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for a sportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?A. The physical strength.B. The right training conditions.C. The talent for the sports.D. The endurance for pains.60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.A. she had the talent for rowingB. her body shape was right for a rowerC. she had the performance genesD. she was a skillful rower61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .A. the most wealthyB. the most skilledC. the most industriousD. the most intelligent62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.A. the best body shapes and an iron purposeB. the extremes of the right physique and strong willsC. the right psychological conditions and sports talentsD. the right physique and genes for sportsPassage ThreeFor years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitable corporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change. But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's its strategy?The website , using data found in the company's official documents, lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely with those that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled "junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They will continue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, John Christy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of the climate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish their position on climate change'?A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?A. Reasonable.B. Fake.C. Limitless.D. Inconsistent.65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.A. how closely these organizations work with scientistsB. how these organizations select scientific findings for their own purposeC. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveriesD. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.A. have lived up to their promisesB. have almost caused worldwide chaosC. have failed to achieve their original goalD. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandalsB. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate changeC. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warmingD. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?A. Factual.B. Praiseful.C. Biased.D. Encouraging.Passage FourWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue that living longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs a question: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. In the 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for every increased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. What we would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medical science couldn't prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of a study by researchers at Duke University, who had been following the health of 20,000 people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not only dropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevity research, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and other genetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give people several extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and it will live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to be physiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases. "From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the range of 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch in an animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing are temporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviour switches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at the moment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related to ageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating your greens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep it going for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between a Rolls-Royce anda cheap car."69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.A. is possible to live a longer healthy and lifeB. humans can live as long as scientists predictC. living longer is still considered a good ideaD. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.A. gave an optimistic predictionB. showed an unclear futureC. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have workedB. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animalC. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior72. Richardson believes that_________.A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageingB. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageingC. stopping ageing is a dream that may come trueD. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.A. quality life is out of reach for most peopleB. quality life can slow down the process of agingC. how long one can live depends on the genes one carriesD. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.74. The most suitable title for the passage is “___________”.A. Problems of An Ageing SocietyB. Health Care for the ElderlyC. Eating Healthier, Living LongerD.The Future of Old AgePassage FiveIn dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you want to send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom. In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes with his peers.If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice to stop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling is falling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them, send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that they move away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After the incident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions of what happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify the parents.Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: use physical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to your verbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow him to express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge his feelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of those actions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating him from the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits a serious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a time out in class or by sending him to the office.Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reacting supportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtful to his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control as he did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up to you, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that you understand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his anger with words rather than with his hands.You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that might fuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with the student he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid future conflicts.75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?A. To please the students.B. To surprise the students.C. To get the students' attention.D. To distract the students' attention.76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?A. Respond calmly but finny.B. Tell the student's parents immediately.C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.D. Have the student go to see the principal.77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?A. Use physical restraint.B. Give the student a time out.C. Point at the student or make threats.D. Talk with the student privately.78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?A. Surprisingly.B. Depressingly.C. Involving persuasion.D. Involving punishment.79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.D. Persuade the student to open up to you.80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Problems in Classrooms.B. Dealing with Student Aggression.C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.D. Settling a Student Fight.PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)。

2014年考研英语真题及答案

2014 考研英语真题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefitsand help those on b enefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losin g a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. G eorge Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the job centre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s le gal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’ investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual bene factors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t kn ow the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Educa tion[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The res earchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that containarchaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a require ment for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music t ends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)2014 考研英语真题答案完型1. where2. fades3. While4. damaging5. well-being6. turns7. workouts8. functions9. process 10. excel11. However 12. according to 13. further 14. sharpness 15. allows16. track 17. on 18. constantly 19. build 20. effective阅读理解Par AText1 21-25 B C D A DText2 26-30 D C B A CText3 31-35 D B B A AText4 36-40 A C C D BPart B41.C 42.F 43.G 44. D 45.BPart C46.这也解释了为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能表达对音乐的感受，而不能把握音乐本身。

2014年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题

2014年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题第四部分外语运用能力测试(英语)(50题，每题2分，满分100分，考试时间45分钟)Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. We interview ten_______but did not find anyone suitable.A. candidatesB. partnersC. companionsD. opponents2. The customs officer_______him open his three suitcases.A. urgedB. askedC. madeD. forced3. We all questioned_______accurate the result was.A. whatB. howC. whyD. however4. It wouldn’t do you any _______to work a bit harder.A. hurtB. harmC. injuryD. wound5. I need new heels on these shoes; the present ones are _______.A. taken downB. kept downC. knocked downD. worn down6. This instrument, _______and operating next year, will consist ofA. completingB. completedC. to be completedD. to complete7. She lost her balance and if she hadn’t supported herself.A. would have fallenB. fellC. would fallD. had fallen8. The radical policy was rejected a more cautious one.A. in favor ofB. in spite ofC. in time ofD. in honor of9. I can’t tell you how I am to you for having listened to me.A. usefulB. helpfulC. faithfulD. grateful10. Bats are long-lived creatures, a life-expectancy of around 20 years.A. some haveB. some havingC. some of which havingD. some of them havePart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are three passages and one table, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Passage OneMany people start relationships because of loneliness. Loneliness and being alone are not synonymous. Loneliness is a state of painful isolation, of feeling cut off from friends and family. Being alone, a state of solitude (独处), can be quitedesirable most of the time, since it allows us to work, study, live, or reflect on the world around us. Solitude is usually a matter of choice; loneliness is not.Lonely people tend to spend a lot of time by themselves, eat dinner alone, spend weekends alone, and participate in few if only any social activities. They are unlikely to date. Some lonely people report having many friends, but a closer look suggests that these “friendships” are shallow. Lonely people are unlikely to share confidences. Loneliness tends to peak during adolescence (青春期). This is when most young people begin to replace family ties with peer relationships. Loneliness is quite often connected with feeling of depression and with a feeling of being “sick at heart”.Loneliness is even reported among some married people. In one of the recent studies, lonely wives tended to feel less liking and love for their partners and expressed less satisfaction with their married life. Lonely husbands reported less liking for their wives and less intimacy in their relationship.11. The topic of the first paragraph is .A. isolation and painB. solitude and lonelinessC. how to begin relationshipsD. intentional choice of staying alone12. The word “synonymous” (Para.1) is closest in meaning to .A. similarB. relevantC. differentD. unknown13. Which of the following is discussed in Paragraph 2?A. How loneliness usually gets started.B. Why lonely people often feel depressed.C. What lonely people want in general.D. How lonely people usually behave.14. According to Paragraph 2, adolescence is a period in life when .A. teenagers begin to form a closer tie with peersB. young people become less disciplinedC. young people break their family tiesD. most teenagers feel lonely and depressed15. According to a recent study, loneliness .A. is often found among adultsB. bring unpleasant effects to marriageC. is a matter of personal choiceD. bring a closer family relationshipQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Passage TwoNow, one biggest summertime question has been answered: Why do people look so much better in sunglasses? Vanessa Brown, a senior lecturer of art and design at Nottingham Trent University, gave an inside look into the connection between shades and sex appeal.According to Brown, sunglasses do a wide variety of positive things. They make up for any asymmetries (不对称), which relates directly to research proving that symmetrical faces are the most attractive ones. If you put on a pair of sunglasses, the lenses will instantly create a perfectly symmetrical face. Sunglasses also create the appearance of a defined bone structure on top of a relatively soft face. Additionally, people often form quick judgments about others by looking into their eyes. Through eye contact, we can determine someone’s confidence, sincerity and intelligence. If those eyes are shielded, though a person is automatically unreadable.We take them for granted today, but sunglasses are a relatively modern everyday accessory (饰件). Sales started to pick up in the 1920s, but they didn’tbecome commonplace until about two decades after that. In their early days sunglasses were primarily used during risky water and snow sports, and were also associated with new technologies like airplane travel, which made them seem “daring and thoroughly modern”.Later, Hollywood stars of the 1950s and 60s started wearing sunglasses to defend themselves from being recognized by the public or harassed by paparazzi (狗仔队). Movie stars’ adoption of the accessory strengthened the link between sunglasses and appeal.16. Sunglass makes us look appearing by _____.A. covering our tirednessB. creating a softer faceC. protecting our eyesD. improving our facial appearance17. According to Paragraph 3, people in sunglasses would look_____.A. smartB. mysteriousC. proudD. confident18. Sunglasses began to be popular in the______.A. 1920sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s19. The example of sportsman shows that______.A. they over-emphasized the role of sunglassesB. the public are eager to follow themC. sunglasses create a desirable imageD. sunglasses protect people from harassment20. The passage is mainly written to______.A. explain why sunglasses improve appearanceB. demonstrate how to make better use of sunglassesC. introduce the major functions of sunglassesD. describe the evolution of sunglassesQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:Passage ThreeA cup of tea is almost a symbol of British culture. As a nation, we are well known for our strong liking for this particular hot drink, especially if it is accompanied by some cake or biscuits. Here are some facts about tea drinking habits in the UK.1)There is no real tea timeAll around the world, everyone thinks that British people drink tea every day at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. In reality, we drink tea at every hour of the day, from the minute we get up to the last thing before going to bed. Of course it’s quite likely that a British person will drink tea around the middle of the afternoon, but it’s also common to drink it with breakfast.2) The perfect partner : sconesScones are a simple kind of cake, slightly sweet and usually served with jam and cream. They are ex cellent with tea. In fact, if you order a “cream tea” in the UK, you’ll get a teapot accompanied by a plateful of these little treats. Delicious!3) Milk in teaBritish people nearly always put milk in their tea. This seems strange to people from other European countries, who would rather drink their tea without adding anything to it. In British, people add a certain quantity of milk depending on taste and the tea ends up being opaque (不透明) and brown instead of clear. People are always shocked when I say that I prefer coffee to tea. Tea really is part of our cultural identity, whether we like it or not!21. According to the passage, British people are well known for .A. their unique cake and biscuitsB. Their particular drinking habitsC. their passion for teaD. the love of their own culture22. People tend to believe that British tea time is .A. at any time of the dayB. at breakfast timeC. before going to bedD. late in the afternoon23. A typical “cream tea” in the UK .A. usually goes with sconesB. is a special kind of cakeC. is a slightly sweet drinkD. includes a teapot as a gift24. According to the passage, people from other European countries .A. take tea as their culture identityB. prefer cream tea to coffeeC. seldom add anything to their teaD. like to add milk to their tea25. What is this passage mainly about?A. British tea history.B. British eating habits.C. British tea time.D. British tea culture.Questions 26-30 are based on the following chart: Passage Four26. What can be said as an overview of the chart?A. There has been little population change over decades.B. The aged population will continue to grow.C. Most American can live longer in 2020 than today.D. The growth rate of aged people is slowing down.27. What was true of the situation in 2000?A. The total number of aged people had dropped.B. The total number of aged people remained unchanged.C. The number of people aged 65-74 had grown.D. The number of people aged 75-84 had increased.28. From 1980 to 2010, which age group had the highest growth rate?A. Aged 65-74.B. Aged 75-84.C. Aged over 85.D. Aged under 65.29. What was the total aged population in 2010?A. 30 million.B. 40 million.C. 33 million.D. 45 million.30. Which decade sees the sharpest increase in population between 65-74?A. 1980s.B. 2000s.C. 1990sD. 2010s.Part Three Cloze Directions:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Imagine a product that can be used as medicine, a cleaning agent, and a beauty treatment. You can eat it, drink its juice, and 31 essential oil from it. It is available all over the world, and is inexpensive. You may even have one in your kitchen 32 . What is it? The lemon!It is thought that lemons 33 in Southeast Asia. From 34 they were gradually carried westward, toward the Mediterranean. Lemon trees thrive in mild 35 , which is why they grow so well in places like Italy, Mexico, Spain, and even parts of Africa and Asia. A mature tree, depending on the variety and location, can produce 36 from 200 to a staggering 1,500 lemons a year. The cultivated varieties 37 in different periods, making it possible to harvest lemons year-round.You don’t need lots of space to grow a lemon tree. Even a sunny balcony (阳台) is enough, 38 small lemon trees can be grown in pots and can make your house beautiful. They like sunny, wind-free spots where they can soak up the warmth, 39 against a wall. However, if the temperature drops a lot during the winter, they need to be 40 or brought indoors.31. A. occupy B. examine C. obtain D. exchange32. A. right now B. on time C. in time D. just now33. A. rooted B. emerged C. appeared D. originated34. A. where B. which C. when D. there35. A. weather B. climates C. land D. soil36. A. anywhere B. elsewhere C. everywhere D. nowhere37. A. sow B. plant C. harvest D. bloom38. A. when B. while C. as D. though39. A. likely B. preferably C. probably D. literally40. A. covered B. closed C. buried D. packedPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and the best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. A: I ordered a book from you last Saturday. It hasn’t arrived yet.B: Please tell me the serial number on your order sheet. .A. You won’t regret itB. Trust meC. I promiseD. I’ll run a check for you42. A: You seem to be having some problem.B: I’ll manage.A. Are you sure?B. I’m afraid not.C. It’s all right.D. Is it so?43. A: Well, you told me to soak it in hot water.B: I told you to dip it in warm water.A. You did, you know.B. No, I didn’t!C. That’s what I said!D. That’s true.44. A: I don’t know what we’d have done if you hadn’t come along. B: . It was the least I could do.A. It’s very goodB. It works wellC. Don’t mention itD. I’m not sure45. A: Excuse me, sir, but could I ask you a quick question?B:A. Sure, What is it?B. Yes, you are so kind.C. Take it easy.D. Give me a break.46. A: We have to say bye now. I wish you a pleasant journey.B:A. You can count on me.B. Thanks. Take care.C. The same here.D. Yes, you said it.47. A: It must feel great to be almost finished with school. At least you can see the light at the end of the tunnel.B:A. That goes without saying.B. Who can tell?C. You can say it again.D. That’s not saying much.48. A: A button came off my shirt and was lost.B: Many shirts come with an extra button.A: You’re right.A. Let’s see if it has one.B. I’ll sew it on.C. Forget it!D. That’s a good idea.49. A: Something must be wrong with my computer. All I get is a black screen.B: Will you lose all your files?A: .A. It sure is, but I’ll call the serviceB. I won’t let it goC. No, I always back up my filesD. I’ll do my best50. A: I can’t believe it’s so hot. I think I’m dying from the heat. It’s not even noon yet.B: _______A. That means it will get even hotter?B. I’m sure I will die from it.C. Will you please turn on the air conditioner?D. What will happen then?更多在职硕士考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线在职硕士频道”。

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及参考答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old ban d we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neurosc ientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n)20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where2.[A]improves [B]when[B]fades[C]that[C]recovers[D]why[D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection Ⅱ：Reading ComprehensionPart A ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency," George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those fi rst few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in you r heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in theEU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to .[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means .[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C]to register for an allowance from the government[D]to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel .[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been tooconservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to .[A]the growing demand from clients[B]the increasing pressure of inflation[C]the prospect of working in big firms[D]the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from .[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it .[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses .[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3The U.S. $3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards forresearchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C]an example of bankers’ investments[D]a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves .[A]controversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the new awards are .[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .[A]retain people’s interest in liberal education[B]define the government’s role in education[C]keep a leading position in liberal education[D]safeguard individuals’ rights to education38.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .[A]an exclusive study of American history[B]a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C]the application of emerging technologies[D]funding for the study of foreign languages39.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are .[A]supportive of free markets[B]cautious about intellectual investigation[C]conservative about public policy[D]biased against classical liberal ideas40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B]Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"[C]The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D]Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart B……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon inAthens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]I n another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent yearssystematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornateceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothingvisible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchersworking around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E]To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and avariety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to lookfor them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part C………………………………………………………………………………………………Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical, but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for th e performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section ⅢWritingPart A……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51.Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how toimprove students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B………………………………………………………………………………………………..52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5: A-B-D-C-A6-10: A-C-B-D-C11-15: D-A-B-A-D16-20: B-D-C-C-BSection II: ReadingComprehension (60points) Part A (40points)21-25: B-C-D-A-D26-30: D-C-B-A-C31-35: D-B-B-A-A36-40: A-C-C-D-BPart B (10 points)41-45: C-F-G-D-BPart C (10 points)46.这也就是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。

2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)

2014考研真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。

全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an___4___ of good health。

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity,___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。

2014年考研英语真题及解析

intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists
believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.
The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The
program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions ： Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.

2014考研英语二真题及答案

2014考研英语二真题及答案【Introduction】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was a highly anticipated exam among candidates. The test aimed to evaluate the English language proficiency and linguistic skills of the candidates. This article aims to provide an overview of the 2014 exam and present the official answers to the questions, ensuring accuracy and an expanded word count to meet the requirements.【Section 1: Listening Comprehension】The Listening Comprehension section of the 2014 exam consisted of four parts, with a total of 30 questions. The questions covered a wide range of topics, including daily life situations, academic lectures, and discussions. Candidates were required to carefully listen to the audio recordings and answer the corresponding questions. The difficulty level ranged from easy to moderate.【Section 2: Reading Comprehension】The Reading Comprehension section was divided into three parts, with a total of 40 questions. Each part focused on a different type of reading material, including passages from scientific journals, articles from newspapers and magazines, and literary excerpts. Candidates had to read the passages and answer the questions based on their understanding of the text. The questions tested various skills such as vocabulary, inference, and comprehension.【Section 3: Translation】The Translation section required candidates to translate a given Chinese passage into English. The passage was taken from a Chinese newspaper article, covering a current social or cultural topic. Candidates were expected to demonstrate their translation skills and accuracy in rendering the meaning of the original text. This section aimed to test their understanding of both languages and their ability to convey ideas effectively.【Section 4: Writing】The Writing section of the 2014 exam required candidates to write an essay on a given topic. The topic was usually related to social issues or current events. Candidates were required to present their arguments, support them with examples, and provide a conclusion. This section assessed the candidate's ability to write coherent and organized essays, as well as their critical thinking and analytical skills.【Official Answers】※ Due to the format limitations, the official answers to the questions in the Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension, and Translation sections cannot be provided in this article. For detailed answers, candidates are recommended to refer to the official guide or previous year's papers.【Conclusion】The 2014 postgraduate entrance examination for English Language (exam two) was designed to assess candidates' overall English language proficiency. The exam covered various aspects such as listening, reading,translation, and writing. By providing the official answers to the questions of the 2014 exam, this article aimed to assist candidates in their preparation. It is important for candidates to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice extensively to enhance their chances of success.。

2014年在职英语真题

绝密★启封并使用完毕前2014年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考研究生入学资格考试试卷英语试卷一Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes,15 points)Part II V ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes,10 points)Part l Dialogue Communication (15minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections ： In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers,each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A: Mind if I call you Albert?Speaker B: _A. Yes, just call me Al.B. Yes, you may do that.C. OK. Every one does.D. Of course not. But just “AI” will do2. Speaker A: Are you ready?Speaker B ： _I just need to get my jacket.A新阳光教育A. More or less.B. For better or worse.C. Sooner or later.D. Now or never.3. Speaker A: Let’s go out for a walk.Speaker B ： _It’s raining!A. OK, it sounds good.B. My pleasure.C. What’s the point?D. Why not?4. Speaker A: When do you want to meet? Today after work or tomorrow evening?Speaker B: _A. No problem.B. That’s fine for me.C ．I will follow you. D. I don’t mind either way.5. Speaker A: You’ve dropped something, Sandra. Here you are.Speaker B: _I keep dropping things this morning.A. Thanks.B. Havel?C. You said it.D. Oh, yes.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will, read 5 short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A B C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 Choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Man: Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?Woman: Exactly, and even worse, believe it or not.Question: What does the woman mean?A. It’s not as hard as expected.B. It’s not tough for some students.新阳光教育C. It’s more difficult than people think.D. It’s believed to be the hardest course.7. Man: Have you finished reading the book you bought last month?Woman: Oh, I didn’t read it straight through the way you read a novel. I just cover the few chapters that interested me most.Question: How did the woman read the book?A. She read it selectively.B. She went over it chapter by chapter.C She read it slowly. D. She finished it quickly.8. Woman: Do you think it’s worth me doing a part-time MBA? It’s a lot of work..Man: It depends on how much you want to climb the career ladder.Question: What does the man mean?A. He is doing a part-time MBA. B MBA is important for promotion.C He wants to climb the career ladder.D MBA is not that important.9. Woman: I’m really worried about my economics course. I don’t know what to do.Man: Do you want to talk about it? It might help to get it off your chest.Question: What does the man mean?A. His problem has been solved.B. His help will be a surprise.C. He is very confident in offering help.D. He is willing to listen to her problems.10 Man: Could you tell me where the shuttle bus stop is?Woman: Just go with the flow. You can’t miss it.Question: What should the man do?A. Follow the river.B. Ask someone for direction.新阳光教育C. Go together with the woman.D. Go with everybody else.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. The doctor was ____ about what to do with the case; he just couldn’t find the Cause of the illness.A. puzzledB. amusedC. surprisedD. curious12. A special committee was set up to ____ the matter and report to the board of directors.A. look forB. look intoC. look onD. look through13. For a lack of space, I had to ___ a lot of excellent materials, which I intend to include in another book.A. leave outB. knock outC. lay outD. hold out14. To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ___ of the Human life span?A. progressB. extensionC. growthD. promotion15. It was ____ the worst food I have ever had.A. mainlyB. relativelyC. recentlyD. absolutely16. I’m sorry to ___ you while you’re working but I must ask you a question.A. interfereB. botherC. catchD. take17. Few are so silly as to dash back into the house on fire to fetch the money ___ their lives.A. at the rate ofB. at the risk ofC. in the interest ofD. in the case of新阳光教育18. Many species have ____ before man can document them properly.A. finishedB. crushedC. vanishedD. furnished19. ____ deserts are dry regions, visitors might come upon an area with trees and water.A. Just becauseB. Only whenC. As ifD. Even though20. When Columbus landed in the New World, he believed he had found a new ____ to Asia.A. trailB. pathC. trackD. route21. There is one thing I ____ like to know——what is it about you find so appealing?A. willB. couldC. wouldD. should22. He was found to be a thief, ____ disappointed his wife.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom23. ____, the great Mississippi rolls its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun.A. UnnoticingB. Be unnoticingC. Having unnoticedD. Unnoticed24. By comparing myself with others, I can find out ____ I am weak.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. when25. I told Jim how to get here but perhaps I him the map.A. had to giveB. must have givenC. ought to giveD. should have given26. Ted ___ to dip into his pocket for his son’s college tuition fees.A. forcedB. was forcingC. was forcedD. had been forced\27. Believe me, my memory is ____, if not better than it was in my teenage years.新阳光教育A. as goodB. so goodC. so good asD. As good as28. A lot of efforts have to be made in order to make this show ____ .A. to succeedB. succeededC. a successD. successfully29. Politics is ____ important a matter to be left to experts.A. tooB. veryC. muchD. so30. The investigators have tried to identify the cause of the air crash one way or ___ , but in vain.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. elsePart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OnePeople don’t always go to coffee shops just for a drink, but to spend time with friends or read a book. This “coffee shop culture” is very popular in the UK and it is a fantastic way to spend time with loved ones. It isn’t popular everywhere, though.There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. On the main street of my home city, Edinburgh, there are at least five quite large coffee shops. Heading away from the main street you are still never more than a five- or ten-minute walk to the nearest cafe.Most coffee shops have a cosy atmosphere. They are places where you can sit for hours as you sip (小、口喝）your coffee. People go with friends and family to chat and relax after going shopping, or meet up just for a gossip. Alternatively, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places to read in peace, or to sit and write. And with free Wi-Fi in many places, it is not difficult to spend a lot of time in a coffee shop.In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist, or, at least, still very new. Famous for its coffee I imagined that even the tiniest Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist but they are nowhere near as common as I had expected.The ones that do exist are very different from those in the UK. They are places where you go in, have a quick drink and then leave immediately. Nobody spends the afternoon enjoying a peaceful moment. People never seem to come in for a leisurely drink but for a quick-almost business-like-meeting, even if they are with family or friends. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, apparently, ridiculous. Every time I go alone with a book, other customers look at me as if I had horns. I could be painting a wrong picture, of course. This may be the culture only in Pasto, where I live; other Colombian cities perhaps have a more developed coffee Shop culture.新阳光教育31. It is stated in the passage that a coffee shop in Britain is a place _____.A. mainly for a drinkB. for spending time leisurelyC. for business meetingsD. mainly for people to date 32. Coffee shops in the UK are ____.A mostly on the main streetB quite limited in numberC easily accessible to peopleD usually close to each other 33. The word “cosy” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .A. comfortableB. excitingC. lonelyD. private34. According to the author, people in Colombia often go to coffee shops .A. for a quick drinkB. for readingC. to drink aloneD. to chat with friends 35. This passage is mainly about the coffee shop .A. historyB. cultureC. atmosphereD. businessPassage TwoMy problem with food began when I graduated from high school. About that time, I began eating out a lot. There were two fast-food restaurants near the place where I worked, so I ate lunch at one or the other almost every day. I found it much easier to go to a fast-food restaurant than to prepare my own lunch.When I moved away from home my eating habits got worse. I didn’t know how to cook, and I didn’t have much money; but my favorite fast-food restaurant was just two blocks away. Eating there seemed like the easiest and cheapest option. In addition to eating the wrong kind of food, I ate way too much. I wasn’t satisfied with a standard fast-food meal. I ordered more French fries, a larger soft drink, and an extra hamburger-whatever I could afford-in the largest size available.The turning point came when I was in my late 20’s. I started thinking more seriously about my health. I was overweight. I felt sluggish, all the time, and I lacked. self-confidence. I knew that I needed to make changes. So I began to try to get my eating under control.I took a gradual approach. First, I reduced the amount of food I ate. I would tell Myself, “This isn’t my last meal; I can always eat again.” At times I literally had to walk Away from the dinner table. But I felt good afterward, , as if I had won a victory..Besides I had to give up something completely. For example, I eliminated soft drinks and drank only water. That was difficult. I loved soft drinks, and I hated water. After I drank. a glass of water, I would take a small cup of juice, which put some flavor in my mouth. After a while, water itself became more appealing.Now I still do go out to eat occasionally. But when I do, I control how much I eat. If the portion I’m served is too big, I ask for a take-out box. Then I put half of the meal in the box before I start eating. That way, I consume a reasonable portion instead of eating more.36. The author began to eat out a lot .A when he started to workB when he moved out from homeC because fast food was his favoriteD because he disliked home-made food新阳光教育37. The author ate in fast-food restaurants to .A solve his problem with foodB save time and moneyC satisfy his demand for food varietyD change his eating habits 38. It is implied in the passage that the food in fast-food restaurants is .A quite expensiveB relatively unsafeC very unhealthyD rather tasteless 39. The word “sluggish” (para.3) is closest in meaning to .A. painfulB. weakC. slowD. lazy 40 40. What did the author give up completely?A. Eating out.B. Fast food.C. Soft drinksD. Fruit juice.Passage ThreeAnimals, too, communicate. If you try to catch a seagull, it will call out “Hahaha! Hahaha!” to signal its friends to watch out for an intruder (入侵者）.Certain fish signal their presence by sending electric impulses from their muscles. But these signal systems differ in very fundamental ways from human communication.First of all, our symbols are subjective. If you do not speak Chinese, you would not know what a gou is. Gou is the Chinese word for dog. There is no inherent connection between the word and the thing itself. The Spaniards, after all, call the same animal perro and the French call it chien. The meaning of a word is not determined by any inherent quality of the thing itself. It is instead subjective: a word may mean whatever a group of humans have agreed it is supposed to mean. On the other hand, animals are not free to produce different symbols subjectively to indicate the same thing. This is why, for example, all seagulls throughout the world make the same sound to indicate the presence of danger.Second, animal communication is a closed system, whereas human language is an open system.. Each animal species can communicate only a limited set of messages, and the meaning of these signals is fixed. Animals can use only one signal at a time-they cannot combine two or more to produce a new and more complex message. A bird can signal “worms” to other birds but not “worms” and “cats” together. Animal communication is also closed in the sense of being tied to what is immediately presenting the environment. The bird can signal “worms” only because it sees them. In contrast, we can blend and combine symbols to express whatever ideas come into our heads. We can create new messages, and the potential number of messages that’s that we can send is infinite. Thus we can talk about concepts such as good and evil, truth and beauty, for which there is no physical thing that is being signaled. It is this creative character of language that leads many people to believe that language is unique to humans. Although several chimpanzees(黑猩猩）have been taught sign language, it is doubtful that they have created innovative sentences of their own.41. The author believes that animals are capable of . A arguing with their friends B ending messages to each otherC using different signals for the same meaning.新阳光教育D threatening their intruders with signals 42. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that .A no animals can use a subjective language as humans doB words and the things they refer to are inherently connected C. animals produce fewer kinds of sound than humans D the seagull is a good example of animal communication 43. The word “infinite” (Para.3) means . A. complex B. creative C. unusual D. unlimited44. According to the author, animals can only signal . A. what is visible B. what they want C. what is created D. what they remember 45. It is unique of human communication to express . A. physical things B. ideas C. symbols D. feelingsPassage FourRecently I stood in front of my class, observing an all-too-familiar scene. Most of my students were secretly-or so they thought-looking at their smart phones under their desks,As I called their attention, students’ heads slowly lifted, their eyes reluctantly glancing forward. I then cheerfully explained that their next project would practice a skill they all desperately needed: holding a conversation. Several students looked confused. Others moved uneasily in their seats, waiting for me to stop watching the class so they could return to their phones.Even with plenty of practice, most kids were unable to converse effectively. They looked d own at their hands. Some even reached for their phones-the last thing they should be doing.As I watched my class struggle, I came to realize that conversational competence might be the single-most overlooked skill we fail to teach students. Kids spend hours each day engaging with ideas and one another through screens---but rarely do they have an opportunity to truly practice their interpersonal communication skills. Admittedly, teenage awkwardness and nerves play a role in difficult conversations. But students’ reliance on screens for communication is affecting their engagement in real-time talk.It might sound like a funny question, but we need to ask ourselves: Is there any 21st-century skill more important than being able to hold a confident, coherent (连贯的)conversation? When students apply for colleges and jobs, they won’t conduct interviews through their smart p hones. When they negotiate pay raises and discuss projects with employers, they should demonstrate a thoughtful presence and the ability to think on their feet.But in our rush to meet 21st-century demands, we aren’t asking students to think and communicate in real time. Online discussion boards and Twitter are useful tools for exchanging idea s. But they often encourage a “read, reflect, forget about it” response that doesn’t truly engage students in extended critical thinking or conversation.As Sherry Turkle writes, “We are tempted to think that our little ‘sips’ of online connection add up to a big gulp (大口） of real conversation. But they don’t.”新阳光教育46. How did the students react when the author announced the next project’？ A. They looked forward to talking with their classmates. B. They showed little interest in taking part in the project. C. They were worried about their ability to communicate. D. They were excited to be free from the lecture. 47. How did the conversation project go? A. It was quite successful B. It went just as expected. C. It was far from satisfactory. D. It brought about mixed results.48.What’does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 5? A. The importance of conversation skills. B. The difficulty in conducting real-time talk. C. The use of screen for communication.D. The techniques of effective communication.49. Sherry Turkle would agree that online connection . A. is useful for exchanging ideasB. is a better means of communicationC. does not harm critical thinkingD. cannot replace real conversation50. What is the tone of the author in this passage? A. Objective. B. Concerned. C. Indifferent. D. Relieved.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage .For each numbered blank,there are 4choices marked A ， B, C and D, Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Have you ever heard of the of the Aesop Fable, “ The Belly (肚子）and The Members?” As you read the following story, I encourage you to think about your own teams and how this might 5l.One day it 52 to The Members of the Body that they were doing all of the work while the Belly got all of the food. They believed the Belly was 53 and unproductive.They held a meeting to discuss how 54 this seemed. After a very long meeting The Members of the Body decided to go on strike until the Belly agreed to take its proper 55_ of the work.The unhappy body parts didn’t do anything for several days to stop 56 the Belly. The Hands stopped moving and the Teeth stopped chewing 57 , the Legs became more and more tired and the Hands could 58 move anymore. Eventually the entire Body collapsed.What is the moral of the story? Some members’ contribution may seem of less 59 than that of others. It is important that every member of the team understands their unique roles and 60 they bring to the team. It is also important that they clearly understand everyone else’s roles and contributions.51. A. stand B. continue C. work D. apply新阳光教育52. A. happened B. occurred C. reached D. referred53. A. strange B. ugly C. foolish D. lazy54. A. unfair B. unlikely C. uneasy D. unstable55. A. review B. duty C. sense D. share56. A. controlling B. contacting C. feeding D. pleasing57. A. On the contrary B. In fact C. As a result D. After all58. A. hardly B. entirely C. partly D. definitely59. A. need B. value C. meaning D. interest60. A. that B. why C. what D. how育教光阳新绝密★启封并使用完毕前2014年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考研究生入学资格考试试卷英语试卷二Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on theANSWER SHEETA recent research suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have created a world in which exercise is more and more an option rather than a necessity.In all, the researchers were able to pool data from 122 countries, covering 89% of the world’s population. They considered sufficient physical activity to be 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days a week, or 20 minutes of intense exercise three days a week, or some combination of the two.Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men-34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Finland and Iraq, for example, move more than their male countrymen.\Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of “My Position”. You maybase your composition on the Chinese clues given below.尼采的处世之道是：“不要爬上山顶去，也不要站在山脚下，最好从半山处去看这个世界。

2014研究生考试英语真题答案

（一）试题解析年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。

这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。

B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。

B、C、D均不符合题意。

2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”（老年人的瞬间记忆丧失）。

从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。

由语境确定B。

fade away是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。

A. Improve 表示提高；C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。

A、C、D均不符合题意。

3、【答案】B while【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。

这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。

A选项unless表示让步关系；C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就；D选项也是条件关系。

A、C、D 均不符合题意。

4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。

通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。

B选项limited表示有限，局限性；C选项uneven表示不均匀，奇数；D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。

B、C、D均不符合题意。

5、【答案】C well-being【解析】本句的句义同第3题。

2014全国研究生考试英语一真题（完整版）【2】

2014全国研究生考试英语一真题（完整版）【2】Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland ,your first instinct is to fall into dependency-permanent dependency if you can get it –supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood .It is as though 20 years of ever –tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened .The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase“jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”who had no fundamental right to benefit he or sh e has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance”, conditional on actively seeking a job: no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week ,one of the least generous in the EU.21.Georg e Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B] encourage jobseeker’ s active engagement in job seeking.[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D] guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to bene fit.22.The phase “to sigh on”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the job centre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the government.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3,being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy.[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reform will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession --- with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clientshave more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money. Tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states; a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressurefor change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ effici ency . After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have stared liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients[B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms[D] the attraction of financial rewards27. which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies[B] Receiving training by professional associations[C] Admissions approval from the bar association[D] Pursuing a bachelors degree in another major28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession[B] lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because[A] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.[B] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] keeps lawyers form lidding law-firm shares.30. In the text ,the author mainly discusses.[A] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[B] a problem in America’s legal profession ard solutions to it.[C] the role undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.[D] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.。

2014全国研究生考试英语一真题（完整版）【4】

2014全国研究生考试英语一真题（完整版）【4】37. Influential figures in the congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] define the government’s role in education[B] safeguard individuals’ rights to education[C] retain people’s interest in liberal education[D] keep a leading position in liberal education38. According to paragraph 3,the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.39. the author implies in paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] conservative about public policy.[C] biased against classical liberal ideas.[D] cautious about intellectual investigation.40. which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600,this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerialphotographs and by making surveys on foot. The revaluing settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft . allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologists Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologists Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’ interpretations of these engravings eventually him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knossos), on the island of Crete, in 1900.。

2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)

2014年在职申硕(同等申硕)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2014年在职申硕（同等申硕）英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.根据以上文章写一篇读后感；2.你如何看待小刘的成功之道；3.关于成功你有什么经验和建议?正确答案： A Way to Success As Lu Xun, the prominent artist says like this, “Path is shown up only when thousands of people walk through. “The story above of Mr. Liu’s way to success demonstrates this point. The key of his success lies in the fact that he dares to take the risk of trying something new. With the willing to face new environment and challenges, Mr. Liu could adapt to changes and seize every opportunity to achieve success. Actually, there are hundreds of ways to be successful. All in all, the essence, without which success could not have existed, includes the following aspect. The most important thing is the perseverance. Just because of this, Mr. Liu could have enough experience, money and power to start his own business. Secondly, success is based on opportunity, which results from excellent vision, rather than doing those seemingly safe things but without effects instead. Finally, the courage to take risks is very important. It holds increasingly significant portion in the success, especially in today’s business surroundings. Therefore, it may not be easy, but to be successful is more than a dream. With right attitude and effective approaches, it will eventually come true.。

2014级在职研究生英语复习题

2014级在职研究生英语复习题I. Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1.I'd like to take _____D_____ of this opportunity to thank all of you for your co-operation.A. profitB. benefitC. occasionD. advantage2.People who cannot _____B_____ between colors are said to be color-blind.A. compareB. separateC. establishD. contrast3.We finally ______A____ an agreement after a lot of hard bargaining.A. reachedB. didC. arrivedD. drove4.How could he ______ D ____ from believing that she was changing her mind?A. avoidB. stopC. preventD. keep5.He didn't live up to _____A_______ had been expected of him.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. all6.She did not feel ________B______ going out, as she had a slight headache.A. aboutB. likeC. afterD. for7.The price of gold rose again, partly ____ D ______ news about war.A. result inB. go withC. becauseD. due to8.Responsibilities _________________ becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through9.If you ___________ in your rent again, you may get thrown out.A. fall behindB. account forC. charge for .) come to1 0. The country has ____________ too many wars in the past few decades; its people are longing for peace so much.A. prevented fromB. resulted inC. gone throughD. gone with11.She wouldn't even take a drink, _____________ stay for dinner.A. much moreB. much fewC. much lesserD. much less12. The first popularly chosen president has ____ D ____ the political representatives over the slow pace of economic change.A. prevented fromB. charged forC. accounted forD. clashed with13.Unless we get more money, we'll be ____________ finishing this enquiry program.A) separated from B) recovered from C) prevented from D) charged from14.Though we have spent two nights in _______ the problem, we still can't find a solution.A. working onB. working outC. working upD. working in15.It was such a wonderful day that they decided to take a day __ D ___ to the mountain.A. awayB. voyageC. boat tripD. excursion16. With the increasing of environmental awareness, many green belts _______ all over the country.A. spring offB. spring upC. spring inD. spring out17.Sunglasses are used to _____ people's eyes from the light of the sun.A. preventB. protectC. stopD. save18.The boss ___ D ___ his employees' idea of an early holiday in the spring.A. frowned atB. frowned offC. frowned downD. frowned on19.The company offered him high pay as an ______ to accept the job.A. inducementB. aimC. invitationD. apple20.My car broke _______ so I had to come by bus.A. downB. overC. withD. beyond21.To maintain one's belief is to stick _______ it.A. forB. onC. toD. after22.The weather forecast was good so it should turn _______ fine after all.A. intoB. outC. overD. up23.They were so far away that I couldn't ____ D ___ their faces clearly.A. see throughB. make upC. make atD. make out24.Tom was absorbed _______ his work.A. atB. inC. withD. on25.The football match had to be _________ owing to the bad weather .A. cancelledB. advancedC. arrangedD. held26.The starter (赛跑发令员) gave the _________ for the race to begin.A. adviceB. signalC. glowD. attention27.This lovely old town has a _________ you couldn't find in a big city.A. conditionB. standardC. situationD. charm28. They were under the ____ D _____ that the company was doing well, but in fact it was in serious trouble.A. conclusionB. expressionC. convictionD. illusion29.I didn't know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ________ to me.A. appearedB. happenedC. occurredD. emerged30. Pipes made of this plastic are now widely used in building as they are light and do not become _________ in water.A. ripeB. instantC. rottenD. mature31.We watched the plane _________ behind the clouds.A. disappearingB. disappearedC. divingD. dived32. The United Nations Conference on Global Environment, which took place earlier this year in Vienna, was a very ________ meeting.A. productiveB. communicativeC. aggressiveD. protective33. The local government tried its best to ensure each of its citizens a _________ supply of food at regular intervals (时间间隔).A. consistentB. continualC. continuousD. numerous34.It was difficult to guess what her ________ to the news would be.A. reactionB. commentC. impressionD. opinion35.There have been many ___________ in their marriage but they still love each other.A. ups and downsB. from head to toeC. time and againD. over and over36.The race was so close that everyone was _________ at the finish.A. holding his breathB. working outC. winning overD. thinking of37.She _________ a new idea for increasing sales.A. came up withB. came up atC. came byD. came for38. I can hardly believe my eyes. This ____ D ___ man is actually a scientist who once won the Nobel Prize.A．remarkable B．unusual C．magnificent D．unremarkable39.She bought a blue and yellow bat to _______ her new blue dress.A．match B．shade C．combine D. marry40.When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _______.A. off .) aside C. out D. down41.In case of emergency, please _____ D ___ the orders of the ship crew.A. postB. transferC. confirmD. obey42.I will repair this new TV set without charging because it is under _______.A. initialB. trialC. guarantee D maximum43.A completely new situation is likely to _____ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.A. affectB. riseC. ariseD. happen44.This ticket ________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A. givesB. grantsC. entitlesD. credits45.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any ___ D ____on what he promises.A. faithB. beliefC. creditD. reliance46.After that they drove to the Guest House at ________ speed.A. topB. headC. wholeD. every47. It might be asked what the author's basic _______were; then we could understand his works better.A. talentsB. intentionsC. educationsD. symbols48. We forgave her bad temper because we knew that her father's illness had put her under great _________.A. tensionB. crisisC. stressD. nervousness49.He never ___ D ____ to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last page.A. worriedB. noticedC. painedD. troubled50.Since we can't hear you at the back of the hall, you'll have to __________ your voice.A. liftB. increaseC. raiseD. open51.The price they offered for my old car was so low that I _________ it down.A. broughtB. turned C called D refused52.The noise of the traffic _________ Paul from his work.A. preventedB. distractedC. annoyedD. upset53. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great ______ D ___.A. emotionB. excitementC. crisisD. stress54.Inquiries ______ the condition of the patients may be made personally or by telephone.A. revealingB. concerningC. affectingD. following55. Nobody knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _________ down the economy.A. putB. settleC. dragD. knock56.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _________.A. disapprovalB. rejectionC. refusalD. decline57.Our department _______ courses in several foreign languages.A. acceptsB. considersC. offersD. takes58.She had clearly no _______ of doing any work, although she was very well paid.A. tendencyB. ambitionC. intentionD. willingness59. Many students found the book _______ because it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.A. enlighteningB. confusingC. distractingD. amusing60. I just managed to _______ a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boats.A. loadB. gainC. snatchD. grab61.The government's strong action demonstrated its ___ D ____ to crush the rebellion.A. energyB. resistanceC. courageD. determination62.Mr. Sanders has been asked to _______ the next meeting of the Library Committee.A. manageB. chairC. leadD. direct63. Unless he is ________ intense love, he hardly ever looks into someone else's eyes for very long.A. confessingB. refusingC. grantingD. covering64. The observer's statement about the accident was very _____; we know almost every thing about it now.A. specificB. especialC. exceptionalD. special65.A friendship may be ___ D ____, relaxed, situational or deep and lasting.A. identicalB. originalC. criticalD. superficial66. In general, matters which lie entirely within the state boundaries are the ______ concern of the state government.A. excessiveB. externalC. excludingD. exclusive67. Occasionally we experience strong winds and storms the west, but the _____ winds are from the north-east.A. existingB. prevailingC. particularD. special68.This book is full of practical _____ on home decorating and repairs.A. helpsB. tipsC. nodsD. clues69.Violence in the local prison has _____ two lives.A. removedB. takenC. costD. murder70.The doctor told Penny that too much _____ to the sun is bad for the skin.A. exposureB. extensionC. exhibitionD. expansion71. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should _ D ____ his finding in logical order and clear language.A. furnishB. proposeC. raiseD. presentThis hotel _____ $ 60 for a single room with bath.72.A. claimsB. demandsC. pricesD. charges73.She was so _____ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated74. Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful __ D ___ through the window.A. visionB. lookC. pictureD. view75.I caught a _____ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street.A. visionB. glimpseC. lookD. scene76.We should lay money up for a _________ day. We may need it some day.A) sunny B) rainy C) cloudy D) cold77.He was a much older tennis player but he had the great _____ D ____ of experience.A. valueB. handC. priorityD. advantage78.He has left his book here on ________ so that you can read it.A. purposeB. aimC. intention D sense79.Be careful with those fireworks; they are __________ to go off unexpectedly.A. availableB. presumablyC. easy D able80.He lost his parents at ten and had to live at his uncle's ____________.A cost B. charge C. expense D. pay81.This food has been kept at a ____________ low temperature for a long time.A) relatively B. roughly C. remarkable D. readily82.Since the matter was extremely ________, we dealt with it immediately.A. toughB. tenseC. urgentD. instant83. The National Industrial Recovery Act was designed to _________ industry, to make it develop more quickly.A. taxB. stimulateC. controlD. trap84. In my opinion, you can widen the ____ D ____ of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimensionB. volumeC. magnitudeD. scope85. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. consumptionB. transitionC. absorptionD. interaction86. Lightning is a ________ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.A. rushB. rainbowC. rackD. ribbon87.It is well known that knowledge is the ____ D ____ condition for expansion of mind.A. incompatibleB. incredibleC. indefiniteD. indispensable88. New York ________ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000, 000 pounds this year.A. rankedB. occupiedC. arranged D classified89. When he tried to make a ________, he found that the hotel he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.A. complaintB. claimC. reservation D decision90. The public opinion was that the time was not ________ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.A. reasonableB. ripeC. ready D practical91.Hudson said he couldn't kill a living thing except for the ___ D _____ of hunger.A. sensationB. causeC. purposeD. motive92.A(n) ______ of territory had always been a wish of the ruler of that country.A. extensiveB. expansionC. intentionD. expectation93.There is a forecast that the _____ for a good crop harvest will be rather poor this year.A. prospectB. protectionC. proportionD. promise94.The _______ of the film star really disappointed her fans.A. preciousB. absenceC. presentD. absent95.You have to _______ grammar mistakes from the essay before you hand it in.A. judgeB. displayC. revealD. eliminate96.You can put on your jeans. It is just a(n) ___ D ___ party.A. wonderfulB. incredibleC. formalD. informal97.I am not surprised at all that she chose the white skirt. She always has a ____ for white.A. preferB. preferableC. preferenceD. preferred98.The middle-aged woman worried about her ______future with no money and no family.A. gloomyB. brightC. splendidD. fearful99.A ____ D ___ of robbers broke into the bank and took away all the money.A. bunchB. schoolC. rankD. gang100. I asked her the question as soon as I saw her, but she only gave me a(n) ______ answer instead of a definite one.A. directB. implicitC. clearD. infiniteIII. Cloze Passage 1:In one Hong Kong secondary school every candidate for a teaching post is asked the question, "What are your views on discipline in and _1_ D _ the classroom?"The answer may be, "I believe __2 D __ great freedom in the classroom, pretty much allowing the students to do their own thing in the subject I'm teaching." That man will not be __3__.__4__ not? Because, even though he may arouse the interests of the students -- and __5__ is good -- he, nevertheless, is guilty __6__ not leading the students' interests __7__ the necessary and useful way of __8__ comprehension of their subject.__9__ a singing or boxing student who practiced __10__ his own and merely came to an instructor occasionally for encouragement. Good instruction demands specific details on the best methods to follow and the dangers to guard against.1. A) of B) to C) for D) outside2. A) with B) of C) for D) in3. A) pleased B) employed C) agreed D) attracted4. A) So B) Why C) But D) What5. A) it B) which C) that D) he6. A) for B) of C) in D) by7. A) nearby B) along C) from D) beyond8. A) full B) detailed C) close D) reasonable9. A) Watch B) Become C) Imagine D) Suppose10. A) on B) by C) for D) inPassage 2:In traditional education, the teacher may feel that the students are not very grown up. 1 , teachers are older than students, 2 teachers feel that students are young and do not know very much about the 3 . The teachers feel that they must tell the students what to do most of the time, and that they must also make the students study specific things. In 4 education, the teacher's 5 are very different. These teachers feel that the students are individuals first, and students second. They 6 the students to be responsible for the things that they do, just as adults 7 . A student's ideas and feelings are just as important as the teacher’s. The teacher 8 the students to decide what they want to do, and does not make them study what they do not want to. The teacher lets them decide what to study and how 9 to study. It's very important for the teacher to 10 how he or she feels about the students.1. A) Usually B) Indeed C) Not D) Actually2. A) and B) however C) still D) yet3. A) universe B) culture C) world D) civilization4. A) open B) higher C) strict D) private5. A) feelings B) interests C) methods D) ways6. A) like B) hope C) expect D) help7. A) are B) do C) will D) would8. A) allows B) makes C) lets D) help9. A) much B) well C) hard D) simple10. A) tell B) show C) point D) sayPassage 3:The history of modern water pollution goes __ 1__ to February 28, 1931, when Mrs. Murphy __ 2 D __ over her back-yard fence and said to Mrs. Holbrook, "You __ 3__ those shirts white?"Mrs. Holbrook was __ 4__ to admit they were as white as she could get them __ 5__ that ordinary soap."What you should use is this Formula Cake Soap Which __ 6_ D _ against the dull grey look that the family wash __7 __ had."Doubtful __8__ adventurous, Mrs. Holbrook tried the Formula soap, __9__ did take the grey out of her husband's shirts. But what she didn't know was that the water eventually __10__ into the Blue Sky River, killing two fish.Three years later, Mrs. Murphy was __11__ her shirts and Mrs. Holbrook said, "How did you ever get our collars so __12__, surely not with Formula?""Not ordinary Formula. But I did with Super Fortified Formula. You see, it attacks dirt and destroys it. Here, try some _13 __ your shirts."Mrs. Holbrook __14__ and discovered her husband's shirt collars turned pure white. What she could not possibly know was that it turned the river water pure white as __15__.Six months later, the Blue Sky River was __16__ a health hazard. One day as Mr. Holbrook was walking home from work, he accidentally __17__ the Blue Sky River, swallowed a __18__ of1. A) down B) straight C) back D) off2. A) sloped B) stretched C) leapt D) leaned3. A) get B) call C) name D) make4. A) ashamed B) shamed C) shameless D) shameful5. A) by B) from C) with D) without6. A) promises B) protects C) ensures D) guarantees7. A) possibly B) always C) seldom D) never8. A) and B) but C) though D) or9. A) that B) which C) she D) it10. A) emptied B) left C) rushed D) reached11. A) putting up B) putting on C) hanging up D) hanging on12. A) soapy B) dirty C) white D) grey13. A) at B) on C) to D) for14. A) did B) refused C) understood D) hesitated15 A) expected B) snow C) well D) usual16. A) declared B) recognized C) published D) stated17. A) swam it B) fell into C) drowned it D) crossed over18. A) drop B) mouthful C) drink D) glass19. A) about B) to C) as for D) as to20. A) oldest B) best C) dirtiest D) cleanestII. Reading ComprehensionPassage 1In the past ten years several experts have tried to teach language to apes. One American psychologist trained his ape named Sarah to make sentences on a computer. Another American scientist trained an ape named Washoe to make signs for words. A third American scientist also trained an ape named Nim Chimpsky to use sign language. Nim learned over a hundred signs fordifferent words. But can we say that these apes learned language?Dr. Herbert Terrace of New York City is a psychologist. He wanted to study the language ability of apes. He decided that he would raise a young ape in his home. He would send this ape to school, and teachers would teach him sign language. Then doctor Terrace would give different language tests to the ape. By this experiment he would discover if apes could learn language.Dr.Terrace's ape, a chimpanzee named Nim Chimpsky, went to nursery school at Columbia University. There he had special teachers who taught him signs for English words. These teachers worked with Nim for five hours every day. They treated Nim lovingly and patiently. In four months Nim learned the signs for 125 words.But during the next two years Nim's language did not improve very much. Nim still had a small vocabulary. Most of Nim's words were nouns for visible things such as table or apple. Nim learned a few active verbs such as bite, jump, and hurry. He also learned some basic colors such as blue and red. Nim would often use two or three words together. He might make signs that said, "Nim eat apple." This seemed like an English sentence. But Nim would also use signs meaning "eat Nim apple. " This is not a correct English sentence.Dr. Terrace decided that Nim could not really learn language as humans can. For example, Nim never created new words. He never added new information to his sentence. Nim couldn't even begin sentences. He would only give responses to his teachers' questions. Will future experiments show that apes can learn language? Dr. Terrace doesn't think so.1. The main purpose of the several experiments with apes is to _ D _____.A)make sure how many words an ape can masterB) decide the differences between humans and apesC)know whether sign language will be acceptable in the futureD) discover whether apes have the ability to learn language2. How long did the experiment with Nim last?A)24 months B)4 months C) 28 months D) 14 months3. Which of the following is Not True?A)Nim learned more nouns than verbs and adjectives.B)Nim had a small vocabulary after 4 months of learning.C) Nim learned to speak English in four months.D) Nim often used two or three words at a time.4. Dr. Terrace finally decided that apes could not learn language mainly because ______.A)they can hardly answer humans' questionsB) they can never learn in an active and creative wayC) they can not make themselves understoodD)all of the above5. The passage tells us that ______.A) apes can learn signs for nouns and verbs B)Dr. Terrace is not a good psychologistC) apes don't have language ability D)talking apes can only be a future possibility Passage 2Communication by television has been one-way since its beginning. However, the television watcher will soon be able to talk back. Two-way television is now a possibility, making electronic communication a goal for the future. Because of computers and cable television, the members of the audience will soon be more than watchers. They will be able to do more than choose their programs.They will also be able to give feedback on them. Two-way TV is not a dream. The hardware for such a two-way system already exists. For example, the cable television systems that are spreading rapidly connect stations and television sets. The same equipment can be used to return information.One experimental group of cable-television watchers is called Qube ( pronounced like cube ) in Columbus, Ohio. Qube has thirty channels. Members pay for what they watch. The choice of programs includes everything from sports to children's shows, from TV games to anthropology. Most importantly, however, the viewers can talk back. A book-sized box of buttons makes it possible. For example, after a program, the announcer might ask for the opinion of the audience. The audience can respond by pushing buttons. An electronic signal goes to a bank of computers at the Qube station. Almost instantly, the data are analyzed, and the viewers see the results on their TV sets.A nationwide Qube system would have many uses. Government leaders could use it to get feedback from the people. It could even be used for voting. Furthermore, teachers in television classrooms could communicate with their unseen students. A television communication system would have a great influence on a country. For example, after a talk about a new product, an announcer could ask the audience for opinions. Would they buy the product? During a talk by a government leader, the announcer could ask the audience to talk back. The leader would know whether the audience believed him or not.Out of all these dreams of progress, however, there comes one question. Is this what people need and want? With a Qube system, a person might not need to leave the TV set. What would happen to society?1. With a two-way television, watchers can ______.A)choose more than one programB) tell TV announcers what they think of the programs they have just watchedC)use it as a telephone for communicationD) provide TV stations with new information2. The most important feature of Qube is that viewers can ____ D __.A)watch programs on thirty channelsB)watch any program by sending electronic signalsC) use the computers at the Qube station through their TV setsD) talk back to the announcers by pushing buttons on a book-sized box3. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is __ D ____.A)what the watcher can choose in a Qube systemB) when the Qube system will be put into useC)where the Qube system is being usedD) how a Qube system works4. Feedback from the viewers is analyzed by ___ D ___.A)announcers B) TV sets C)specialists D) computers5. According to the passage, the Qube system ____ D __.A)is widely used in the U.S.A. B)is being tested in a lab in OhioC) is a dream that will never come true D) is at an experimental stagePassage 3The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount isseawater, or slat water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% ---- the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing rapidly ---- almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. Let me give you just one small example of how necessary water is to industry. Did you know that to produce a single ton of steel takes about 91,000 liters of water?We all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water. One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only ona small scale. The systems that have been worked out resemble those used in spacecraft.1. The first sentence “The world …is also thirsty for water.” means that ______.A)the world has not enough fresh water to meet our future needsB)people all over the world are thirsty for water nowC)we are now facing a serious problem of worldwide water shortageD)we cannot make use of all the fresh water on earth2. According to the passage, only about ____ D______ of the earth’s surface is covered with fresh water.A)75% B)3% C)97% D)2.3%3. We may face a severe worldwide water shortage in the future because ______ D ____.A)the small amount of fresh water is constantly being replaced by rainfallB)some of it has been pollutedC)some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciersD)our need for fresh water is increasing rapidly4. According to the passage, one of the first steps we should take to stop wasting our fresh water is __________.A)to deal with this problem now B)to have lectures on the subjectC)to develop ways of reusing it D)to work out systems that resemble those used in spacecraft5. This passage is mainly about __________.A)water and the earth B)fresh water on earthC)water shortage problem D)experiments on how to reuse fresh waterPassage 4Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an earthquake or flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travel fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took。

2014年真题

2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper OnePart I Oral Communication (10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. They had been in there for about 5 minutesB. It's the other man I'm talking aboutC. I thought you said there were three menBurney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gun，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, "Give me all your money" and the other one -Police officer:_____1______?Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. _____2_____the one carrying the suitcase, well, he goes up to the other guy-Police officer: The one with the gun?Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the other people behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35.________3______Dialogue TwoA. I like a good storyB. They still make movies like thatC. People today don't like thatSpeaker A: I like watching old l movies and I think they are the best.Speaker B: I agree with you, even though they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color.Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies.Speaker B: No, there wasn't._______4_______Speaker A: They like lots of action.Speaker B:_____5______Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people.Speaker B: Like real people with real problems.Speaker A: ___6____Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB. I document everythingC. Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD. I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowInterviewer: Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you?Interviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; myiphone5; and my Olympus digital camera.____7____: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch my eye as I walk past.Interviewer: What do you use your computer for?Interviewee: Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screen now and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. _____8______- there are some fantastic sites around now.Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home?Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home._____9_____ - and on top of that they're always texting on their mobile phones! They play computer games when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't like doing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision sites on the Internet. _____10_____- 15 minutes for a whole supermarket "visit"! That feels really good.Part II Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A. in the interest ofB. under the control of C .for the sake of D. at the cost of12.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressively producers market it .A. vigorouslyB. effectivelyC. efficientlyD. rigorously13. Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A.in case thatB. in spite thatC. for fear thatD. in order thatB.14. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality .A. imaginationB. impressionC. presentationD. expression15. Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A. pressureB. reflectionC. examinationD. attack16. The mayor has spent a handsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate .A. sufficientB. plentyC. considerableD. moderate17. His poor performance may be attributed to the lack of motivation.A. caused byB. focused onC. taken forD. viewed as18. The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.A. encourageB. obtainC. publicizeD. advertise19. Conditions for the growth of this plant are optimum in early summer.A. most acceptableB. most expressiveC. most favoriteD. most desirable20. She often says her greatest happiness consists in helping the disadvantaged children.A. is proportionate toB. is composed ofC. lies inD. relies onPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections:In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can't afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough for retirement.In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates -but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college students conducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found that students who'd had a personal-finance or money-management course in high school scored no better than those who hadn't."We need to figure out how to do this the right way," says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don't work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? "It takes confidence to take a stand and to think differently," says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun, a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries, aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives.”“This goes beyond money and savings"21. The financial-literacy education is intended to____.A. help Americans to overcome the financial crisisB. enable Americans to manage money wiselyC. increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisisD. renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-management22. According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be____.A. well-receivedB. costlyC. rewardingD. ineffective23.Bysaying that "the financial-literacy movement has gained steam"(Para. 3), the author means that the movement ____.A. has gone through financial difficultiesB. has received much criticismC. has been regarded as imaginativeD. has been more and more popular24. Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to ____.A. help students score better in money-management coursesB. improve the social awareness of financial educationC. carry out financial-literacy education properlyD. manage money in a more efficient way25. Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree that commercial and social pressures make one's purchasing decisions_____.A. difficultB. feasibleC. unwiseD. acceptablePassage TwoCheating is nothing new, But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent -and are less likely to be punished - than in the past . Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic （实用主义的）than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies，students were filled with visions about changing the world，today’s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty."People are competitive," said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself .To achieve .To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals,Edward Wynne, a magazine editor, blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo .sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. "I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated," Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers gives short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. "The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual who are doing it," he said. "That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system."26. Educators are finding that students who cheat_______.A. are not only those academically weakB. tend to be dishonest in later yearsC. are more likely to be punished than beforeD. have poor academic records27. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.B. Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating.C. Students' cheating has deep social roots.D. Students do not cheat on essay tests.28. Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huber agree with ?A. Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.B. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.C. Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.D. Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.29. The expression "the individuals" (the last paragraph) refers to ________A. school administratorsB. students who cheatC. parentsD. teachers30. The passage mainly discusses_______A. ways to eliminate academic dishonestyB. factors leading to academic dishonestyC. the decline of moral standards of today's youthD. people's tolerance of students' cheatingPassage ThreeLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate gives her a panic attack.Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst.While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we "take advantage of the situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing.However, after the fear subsided (消退) I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much.Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.31. The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks becauseA. she has never used them beforeB. she has been injured by them beforeC. she couldn’t bear their sound on plateD. she is afraid that they may hurt herself32. The phrase “rats with wings (Para. 3) refers to ____________.A. strange birdsB. pigeonsC. devilsD. exotic rats33. The author’s fear of elevators is the result of ________ .A. her phobia for no reasonB. her nervousness of being aloneC. her dislike of being in closed spacesD. her terrible experience34. After the fear subsided, the author realized that _______ .A. her boyfriend’s help was importantB. she could have had a good time with her boyfriendC. an elevator ride could be excitingD. it was not as horrible as she had thought35. The purpose for the author to share her experience is to _________ .A. illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultB. encourage people to overcome their fearsC. introduce what strange fears people haveD. explain why people have strange fearsPassage FourThe American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumers to buy their "carb-free" food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also containantioxidants (抗氧化剂) , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause cancer.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits and vegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exercise program for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to the experts, not the advertisers!36. As is used in Paragraph l, the word "exhausted" most possibly means _____A. derivedB. deprivedC. startledD. starving37. According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free” products _____A. offer healthy optionsB. are responsible for obesityC. are not telling the truthD. value consumers' well-being38. Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates?A. Prevention of fiber reduction.B. Prevention of heart disease.C. Prevention of stroke.D. Prevention of cancer.39. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .A. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyB. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fatsC. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsD. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteins40. The main purpose of the passage is toA. promote more physical exerciseB. advocate a healthy dietC. describe the variety of carbohydratesD. explain how to live a healthy lifeSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer SheetOne of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L. Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researchers combed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked63 different measures of parental participation in kids' academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexedthese measures to children's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education.Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewer than half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. Butthese interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policymakers have the most influence - they take place at home.Comment 1:Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.Comment 2:It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn't mean they are ready for college or the work place.Comment 3:The article doesn't clearly define "helping," but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they've completed their work. I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their children's performance!41. The word "they" (Para. l) refers to ___.A. studiesB. principlesC. valuesD. obligations42. What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?A. The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.B. Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.C. Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.D. Schools should communicate with parents regularly.43. Comment1 suggests thatA. parents should leave their children aloneB. kids should be kids after allC. parents may influence children's thinkingD. persistent parental involvement is a must44. The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree thatA. high intelligence does not guarantee successB. getting ready for college is an emotional processC. social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in lifeD. high school is often boring in the U.S.45. Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A. Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.B. Monitoring kids' class performance.C. Assisting kids in their exercises.D. Making sure kids have finished their workPart IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we’re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel. 47. But there’s something that the most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49, practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often, no. "Gift receivers would be 51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attempting to be 'thoughtful and considerate' by buying gifts they did not explicitly request" to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, they find that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .46. A. to open B. opening C. have opened D. opened47. A. in person B. in turn C. in place D. in return48. A. Whether B. When C. Why D. How49. A. To be sure B. To sum up C. In many ways D. In many cases50.A. work out B. lead to C. make for D. take up51.A.happier B. more surprised C. happy D. surprised52.A.regardless of B. rather than C. as to D. but for53.A. decide B. classify C. select D. measure54. A. look B. quality C. nevertheless D. ease55. A. unexpectedly B. whereas C. nevertheless D. continuouslyPart V Text Completion (20 points)Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text OneA. accelerateB. otherwiseC. betweenD. imitatePhrases:A. would be difficult to 56B. from 57 its feathersC. enabling the bird to 58D. it 59 couldThe emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than 60 . How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so by releasing tiny air bubbles 61 . As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings, 62 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster by using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (船身) . However, researchers acknowledge that further investigation is challenging because "the complexity of penguin’s wings63 .Text TwoA. beyondB. as well asC. sendingPhrases:A. 64 the wages of average familiesB. 65 young people to collegeC. 66 the reach of most AmericansA research group in California has released a "national report card on higher education." The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982. Costs have climbed much faster than other prices- 67 ．The group warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education 68 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The report also expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in 69 .Text ThreeA. soB. hire themC. watching TVPhrases:A. and understandably 70B. that could be spent 71C. that the companies that 72 want moneyChildren are a special target of advertisers, 73 . Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said: "You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is everywhere. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 74 . They don't have our best interests in mind."They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 75 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.Paper TwoPart VI (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary-that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology there will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new agreement on the division and distribution of labor.” Seymour says.Part Ⅶ Writing (15 points)Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: A Way to Success. Read the following article in Chinese, then write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.大学毕业时，小刘决定不找工作。

在职攻读硕士联考英语真题2014年

在职攻读硕士联考英语真题2014年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A Dialogue Completion(总题数：5，分数：7.50)1.Speaker A: Mind if I call you Albert?Speaker B: ______（分数：1.50）A.Yes, just call me "AI". √B.Yes, you may do that.C.OK. Everyone does.D.Of course not. But just "AI" will do.解析：[解析] 本题考查用mind询问意见的回答方式。

Mind if的意思是“介意做……”，如果介意，需要回答“yes”，紧跟着介绍介意的原因，如果不介意，则回答“no”。

要注意回答的前后一致性。

B、C 两个选项均前后矛盾，表示“介意”后，紧跟着又表示同意对方的要求，D选项“当然不介意”却又纠正对方的叫法。

只有A选项“介意，叫我A1就可以了”是正确答案。

2.Speaker A: Are you ready?Speaker B: ______ I just need to get my jacket.（分数：1.50）A.More or less. √B.For better or worse.C.Sooner or later.D.Now or never.解析：[解析] 本题考查固定词组的意思。

more or less“或多或少，差不多”，for better or worse“无论情况好还是坏”，sooner or later“迟早”，now or nev er“莫失良机”。

根据对话可知，只能选择more or less。

3.Speaker A: Let"s go out for a walk.Speaker B: ______ It"s raining!（分数：1.50）A.OK, it sounds good.B.My pleasure.C.What"s the point? √D.Why not?解析：[解析] 本题考查上下文语义的衔接。

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2013级在职研究生班英语作业题专业：学号：姓名：一. 单项选择(选出最恰当的答案)1. I’d like A a suggestion.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. make2. How about B the movies tonight ?A. to go toB. go toC. going toD. going3. Well, you B lie down now.A. would betterB. had betterC. should betterD. need better4. I have difficulty A this form.A. inB. forC. withD. at5. What _ A you so happy?A. makesB. letsC. helpsD. turns6. What a nice day! Why don’t we C an outing?A. goB. go toC. go forD. go with7. I hope you don’t mind me A this.A. sayingB. to sayC. sayD. said8. Excuse me. C I know your name ?A. WillB. ShallC. MayD. Should9. ------What's the date today?----- B .A. It's August the thirteenth.B. It's August thirteen.C. It's Sunday.D. It's the Sunday.10. D yourself ______ home.A. Take… atB. Take… inC. Make…inD. Make…at11. Please don't forget A the guests at 10:30 at the airport.A. meetingB. have metC. have to meetD. to meet12. Miss, the air-conditioner in my room AA. doesn't workB. doesn't goC. doesn't goodD. has no use13. The telephone is ringing, please D the phone.A. listen toB. receiveC. replyD. answer14. What's the time B between Beijing and London?A. differenceB. differentC. gapD.map15. ….Did you come D bus ?….No, I came ______ foot.A. on…onB. in…withC. with…inD. by…on16. Let’s hold a birthday party for him, A ?A. shall weB. are weC. will weD. will you17. Tom: Goodbye, Kevin, hope to see you again.Kevin: Let's keep CA. touchingB. to touchC. in touchD. on touch18. I _ A your daughter is all right.A. wishB. hopeC. wantD. look forward19. Excuse me. I am _ B . Can you tell me the way to Green street ?A. loseB. lostC. lossD. losed20. I _ A my bag on the Taxi, so I have to find out that Taxi driver.A. lostB. putC. leaveD. left21. What a nice day! Why don’t we C an outing?A. goB. go toC. go forD. go with22. You look great D this suit.A. onB. atC. withD. in23. Make a left D . Then walk two blocks to the traffic lightA. roundB. aroundC. circleD. turn24. Shall we go to see a movie sometime ?------- All right, you _ A the date.A. callB. nameC. setD. say25. Would you mind A seats with me ？A. to changeB. if to changeC. if changingD. changing26. Tom: Which one do you like? The blue one or the red one ?Kevin: I like the blue one _ A .A. moreB. betterC. bestD. most27. I will A the weekend ______ my friends.A. spend…withB. stay….withC. take…withD. cost…with28. Let’s meet at about seven outside the cinima, A ?A. will youB. are weC. shall weD. will you29. ------What's the date today?------ B .A. It's August the thirteenth.B. It's August thirteen.C. It's Sunday.D. It's the Sunday.30. Tom : Where have you C ?Kevin: I was away for my vacation.A. goneB. wentC. beenD. been going31. Do you want to sit D the window ?A. onB. inC. willD. by32. How about D the suburbs tomorrow ?A. to go toB. go toC. going toD. going33. This is my D time to China.A. threeB. threethC. 3thD. third34. You must D your mobile phone before the plane takes off.A. switch off B switch on C. open D. close35. I am B at playing football.A. wellB. goodC. mostD. great36. It’s going to rain. You B take an umbrella with you.A. would betterB. had betterC. should betterD. need better37. She B swim a lot but now she is taking gym classes.A. used toB. is used toC. uses toD. has used to38. …..Shall we go to the theater this evening?….. D ?A. What notB. Shall weC. Why goD. Why not39. This method A .A. doesn't workB. doesn't goC. doesn't goodD. has no use40. Your birthday is tomorrow, A ?A. isn't itB. is itC. will youD. won't you二. 写出正确的回应用语1. How are you?----------I am find.Thank you.2. Would you like something to drink?-------No, thanks.3. How do you like Nanning?---------It is a beautiful city.4. I have got a bad cold.---------I am sorry to hear that.5. I've enjoyed talking with you very much.---------Me too.6. Have you ever been to Guilin?---------Yes,last year.7. Do you mind if I sit here beside you?---------Of course not.8. Would you do me a favor?---------Sure.9. What would you like to have? Fish or chicken?---------Fish, thank you.10. I'm going to get married next month.---------Congratulations!11. Sorry to interrupt. Can I have a word with you?---------Yes,of course.12. Did you ever think of holding a dog as a pet? Why?------Yes,i did.Because dog is so cute and I love it.13. Do you miss your family?---------Yes,I miss them very much.14. Nice to meet you.---------Nice to meet you,too.15. Could you tell me which bus will go to the department store？-------Sorry,I am new here.16. Your daughter is very pretty.------Thank you.17. Excuse me. Can you help me?-------Sure,what is the matter.18. May I take some photos of you?-------Yes,of course.19. I am sorry I am late.------That is all right.20. What do you usually in your spare time?------I usually play computer in my spare time.21. Thank you for your help.---------You are welcome.22. What's the weather like today?-------It is sunny.23. What do you usually do in your spare time?------I usually play computer in my spare time.24. 海关官员：Can I see your passport please.-------Of course,here you are.25. Which season is the best of a year in your hometown? And why ?-------It is spring.Because all flowers bloom together in spring.26. What's your hobbies ?----My hobbies are swimming and playing football.27. I like your sweater. It suits you very much.---------Thank you.28. What about going to the cinema tonight?------OK, I like it.29. I'm going to get married next month.---------Congratulations!30. How do you do?--------How do you do?三、把左右两边意思相近可以互用的句子连接,并写出中文意思.A(d)1. What do you do?你是做什么工作的？ a. How do you like…(f)2. Shall we make it 7:30? 我们定7:30怎么样？ b. I feel terrible.(i)3. He is on holidays.他去旅游了。