初中英语被动语态讲解 练习及答案

被动语态
（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

（二）被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken
过去进行时：was/were being＋spoken现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken
过去完成时：had been + spoken
（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：
All the people laughed at him.→He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.→The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him.
（四）含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成
We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once.→It should be done at once.
（五）特殊情况（一感二听三让四看）
1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
→I am never let to watch TV by mother.
常见的句型结构：
It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为）...... It is(was)well known that......众所周知
It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......) 二、典型例题
（）1．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to m eet.
A. don’t tell
B. didn’t tell
C. haven’t told
D. wasn’t told
（）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.
A. pull down
B. will be pulled down
C. will pull down
D. are pulled down （）3．--- My watch ______. --- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.
A. is lost
B. is broken
C. has found
D. has stopped （）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? ---No, I___________.
A. am not invited
B. w asn’t invited
C. haven’t invited
D. didn’t invite
（）5．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______?-- Once a year.
A. does; hold
B. was; hold
C. is; held
D. did; hold
（）6．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.
A are held
B were held C．are holding D．will ho1d
（）7．.Twelve-year-olds should notto drive in China.
A. allow
B. be allow
C. allowed
D. be allowed
（）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. —Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.
A. painted
B. were painting
C. were painted
D. had painted （）9．---Don’t litter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign:: “Rubbishinto the dustbin.”---Sorry.
A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D, must be thrown （）10．He is made ______work for12 hours every day.
A．work B working C．to work D. worked
（）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.
A. sing
B. to sing
C. singing
D. sings
（）ually computers_________to search the Internet.
A. use
B. are using
C. are used
D. used
（）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings _________ in our school in the next term.
A. will be built
B. was built
C. has built
D. will build
（）14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.
A. is taken
B. was taken
C. takes
D. took
（）15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
--I think a bridge _________ over the river.
A. was built
B. is being built
C. has been built
D. should be built
（）16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.
--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio.
A. so that, has been turned
B. when, has turned
C. if, has been turned
D. because, has turned
（）17. Usually John to school in his father’s beautiful car.
A. has taken
B. is taking
C. is taken
D. has been taken
（）18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.
A. may do
B. must do
C. may be done
D. must be done
（）19.--Look, what an old palace! It looks so great!
--Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.
A. was building
B. was built
C. has built
D. is built
（）20. D on’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.
A. ask
B. are asked
C. will ask
D. will be asked
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