Organization in a scientific thesis1
科技英语写作教程习题答案
Abbreviations
Science and Technology English of uses Abbreviations to save space and time These abrasions are commonly well treated and widely recognized in the field
It is important to vary presence patterns in Scientific English to make writing more engaging and ready Using a mix of simple and complex senses helps to create a dynamic flow of ideas
02
VS
Experimental report writing is a critical skill in science and technology fields It requires the ability to clearly and reasonably document experiments, methods, results, and conclusions
Latin and Greek roots
Many words in Science and Technology English are derived from Latin and Greek roots These roots are often found to be precise meanings and are an integral part of the language
高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题(带答案)
高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题(带答案)1.In the scientific research project, we need to collect data _____.A.accuratelyB.exactlyC.preciselyD.correctly答案：A。
“accurately”强调准确地，在科研项目中收集数据需要准确无误。
“exactly”表示确切地、完全地；“precisely”精确地，和“accurately”意思较为接近但在科研收集数据的场景下，“accurately”更常用；“correctly”正确地，通常用于方法等正确，不太符合收集数据的语境。
2.When presenting the research results, we should express our ideas _____.A.clearlyB.obviouslyC.apparentlyD.visibly答案：A。
“clearly”清晰地，在展示研究结果时要表达清晰。
“obviously”明显地；“apparently”显然地；“visibly”看得见地，后三个选项不太符合表达想法的语境。
3.The scientific research project requires ______ teamwork.A.cohesiveB.unitedC.cooperativeD.joined答案：C。
“cooperative”合作的，科研项目需要合作的团队合作。
“cohesive”有结合力的；“united”联合的；“joined”连接的，这三个选项不太符合团队合作的语境。
4.We must analyze the data ______ to draw accurate conclusions.A.thoroughlypletelyC.entirelyD.wholely答案：A。
“thoroughly”彻底地，分析数据需要彻底才能得出准确结论。
高三英语学术文章单选题50题
高三英语学术文章单选题50题1. In the scientific research paper, the term "hypothesis" is closest in meaning to _.A. theoryB. experimentC. conclusionD. assumption答案：D。
解析：“hypothesis”的意思是假设，假定。
“assumption”也表示假定，假设，在学术语境中，当提出一个假设来进行研究时，这两个词意思相近。
“theory”指理论，是经过大量研究和论证后的成果；“experiment”是实验，是验证假设或理论的手段；“conclusion”是结论，是研究之后得出的结果，所以选D。
2. The historical article mentioned "feudal system", which refers to _.A. democratic systemB. hierarchical social systemC. capitalist systemD. modern political system答案：B。
解析：“feudal system”是封建制度，它是一种等级森严的社会制度。
“democratic system”是民主制度；“capitalist system”是资本主义制度；“modern political system”是现代政治制度，与封建制度完全不同概念，所以选B。
3. In a literary review, "metaphor" is a figure of speech that _.A. gives human qualities to non - human thingsB. compares two different things without using "like" or "as"C. uses exaggeration to emphasize a pointD. repeats the same sound at the beginning of words答案：B。
社会学研究方法
社會學研究方法課程綱要(暫定)課程名稱：社會學研究方法學分數：3授課時間：周四上午第5-6節（93學年度下學期）授課教室：綜合270837任課教師：關秉寅研究室：綜合院館南棟16樓271662室聯絡方式：校內分機51662；E-mail: soci1005@.tw教學網站：.tw/~soci1005課程簡介本課程為碩士班學生必修課程。
其基本目的是幫助研究生準備研究所學習最重要的項目─論文研究。
這門課程的基本理念是認為經驗研究是社會學知識發展的必要基礎。
但是，這門課程並非重複大學部的研究法課程。
如果大學部的研究法課程是在學習運用及操作實際研究方法的步驟與技巧，而研究所的方法論課程是談研究方法及程序應建立在何種前提與原則上，才能使我們獲得有效的或什麼樣之知識的話，本課程的定位可看成是處在這兩者中間，但偏向方法論的位置。
本課程將著重探討推論現象間的關係（特別是因果關係），由部分推論到整體（即抽樣方面的考量），以及如何適當表述現象（即概念化與測量）等相關議題。
本課程將只就一些常見的量化及質化研究方法的基本原則，做比較深入的討論，因此本課程不是替代相關特定研究方法之課程。
依據授課教師的能力與興趣，本課程會比較偏重量化研究方法的探討。
上課方式本課程的研習主要是透過閱讀在重要期刊上發表的研究論文，以及探討研究方法之書籍的篇章，來深入瞭解經驗研究的過程。
上課時同學應針對各週指定及參考閱讀材料做集體討論。
因此，同學應自行研讀各週所安排的閱讀材料，並準時出席及積極參與討論。
課程要求為達成本課程之目的，修習本課程的同學須完成以下兩種作業：1、每週閱讀之短評：這個作業是就各週指定之「指定閱讀」寫一至二頁的短評，以及自選一篇「參考閱讀」，寫一至二頁的摘要。
這個作業的目的是確保同學在上課前，已經做好閱讀及參與討論的準備。
因此，這個作業要在每週上課前完成，並影印帶到課堂給其他同學參考。
「必讀材料」之短評的內容應包括兩個部分。
高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题及答案
高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题及答案1.In the scientific research project, we need someone to analyze the data. The person _____ with patience and accuracy will be highly valued.A.analyzingB.analyzedC.to analyzeD.analyze答案：C。
解析：这里表示还未发生的动作，“需要有人去分析数据”，用不定式to analyze 表示将来要做的事情。
选项A analyzing 表示正在进行的动作；选项 B analyzed 表示被动和完成；选项 D analyze 动词原形不能直接放在这个位置。
2.When conducting a scientific research project, it's important to keep records carefully. The records _____ regularly ensure the accuracy of the research.A.being updatedB.updatedC.to be updatedD.updating答案：C。
解析：“需要被定期更新的记录才能确保研究的准确性”，用不定式的被动形式to be updated 表示将来要被做的事情。
选项A being updated 表示正在被更新；选项B updated 过去分词表示被动和完成，但没有体现将来；选项D updating 是主动形式，不符合题意。
3.The scientists in the research project are busy _____ experiments and collecting data.A.doingB.to doC.doD.done答案：A。
解析：be busy doing sth 是固定用法，表示“忙于做某事”。
学术英语(社科)_Unit 1含答案讲解
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
• Lead-in – Reading critically: questions for discussion
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Example 3: a seat belt law
American laws require seat belts as standard equipment on new cars.
Key terms
rational people: 理性人 Those people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives, given the available opportunities.
Are you a rational person?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Rational people respond to incentives. Example 1: the price of an apple How people respond to incentives?
thesis的英文名词解释
thesis的英文名词解释Thesis: Unveiling the Epitome of Academic InquiryIntroductionIn the realm of academia, the term "thesis" holds an esteemed position, symbolizing the culmination of scholarly rigor, in-depth research, and critical analysis. Universally acknowledged as a prerequisite for the successful completion of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degrees, the thesis represents the pinnacle of academic achievement. This article delves into the various dimensions of the thesis, shedding light on its multifaceted nature and emphasizing its significance within the academic community.1. Defining the ThesisAt its core, a thesis is an extended written discourse that serves as a comprehensive exploration of a specific research question or hypothesis. It embodies the culmination of a student's academic journey, allowing individuals to showcase their mastery of a subject matter within a particular field of study. A thesis encompasses numerous elements, such as literature review, methodology, data analysis, and conclusion; often accompanied by substantiating evidence and scholarly references.2. Research and AnalysisThe research process is the foundation upon which a thesis is built. Students engage in an extensive literature review, scouring academic databases, journals, and books to identify gaps in knowledge and contribute novel insights to the chosen field. With gathered information, researchers employ critical and analytical thinking skills to examine the existing body of knowledge and formulate research questions. These questions guide the data collection process, helping to refine and answer the central thesis question.3. Data Collection and Analysis TechniquesThe chosen methodology determines the data collection techniques employed within a thesis. Whether quantitative, qualitative, or a combination of both, researchers adopt methodologies that best suit their research aims and objectives. Surveys, interviews, experiments, observations, and content analysis are just a few examples of the strategies employed to acquire pertinent data. Thorough data analysis techniques, such as statistical analysis or thematic coding, allow for the identification of trends, patterns, and correlations, enabling researchers to draw meaningful inferences and conclusions.4. Structure and OrganizationA well-crafted thesis adheres to a logical structure and organization, facilitating the reader's comprehension and engagement. Typically, a thesis comprises the following sections: introduction, literature review, methodology, results/findings, discussion, and conclusion. Each section serves a distinct purpose, guiding the reader through a coherent and systematic exploration of the research question. Furthermore, within each section, clear and concise subheadings help delineate the flow of ideas and arguments, ensuring clarity and coherence.5. Intellectual Contribution and OriginalityOne of the primary objectives of a thesis is to provide an intellectual contribution to the chosen field of study. Students are encouraged to identify gaps in existing knowledge and devise novel approaches to solving complex problems. Originality, creativity, and critical thinking are highly valued, as students are expected to go beyond mere regurgitation of established theories and instead present fresh perspectives and innovative ideas. By doing so, students contribute to the expanding body of knowledge in their respective fields.6. Demonstrating Proficiency in Academic WritingAn important aspect of a thesis is the demonstration of proficiency in academic writing. Students are expected to uphold high standards of scholarly writing by employing appropriate language, adhering to referencing conventions, and demonstrating clarity of thought. An effective thesis showcases the ability to communicate complexconcepts and findings concisely, engaging the reader and conveying the essence of the research.ConclusionThe thesis represents a significant milestone in one's academic journey, encapsulating the challenging endeavor of conducting extensive research, analyzing data, and making original contributions to a given field of study. It embodies the culmination of years of academic training, critical thinking, and intellectual exploration. The thesis goes beyond being a mere requirement for academic degrees; rather, it stands as a testament to an individual's determination, knowledge acquisition, and passion for knowledge dissemination.。
纹理物体缺陷的视觉检测算法研究--优秀毕业论文
摘 要
在竞争激烈的工业自动化生产过程中，机器视觉对产品质量的把关起着举足 轻重的作用，机器视觉在缺陷检测技术方面的应用也逐渐普遍起来。与常规的检 测技术相比，自动化的视觉检测系统更加经济、快捷、高效与 安全。纹理物体在 工业生产中广泛存在，像用于半导体装配和封装底板和发光二极管，现代 化电子 系统中的印制电路板，以及纺织行业中的布匹和织物等都可认为是含有纹理特征 的物体。本论文主要致力于纹理物体的缺陷检测技术研究，为纹理物体的自动化 检测提供高效而可靠的检测算法。 纹理是描述图像内容的重要特征，纹理分析也已经被成功的应用与纹理分割 和纹理分类当中。本研究提出了一种基于纹理分析技术和参考比较方式的缺陷检 测算法。这种算法能容忍物体变形引起的图像配准误差，对纹理的影响也具有鲁 棒性。本算法旨在为检测出的缺陷区域提供丰富而重要的物理意义，如缺陷区域 的大小、形状、亮度对比度及空间分布等。同时，在参考图像可行的情况下，本 算法可用于同质纹理物体和非同质纹理物体的检测，对非纹理物体 的检测也可取 得不错的效果。 在整个检测过程中，我们采用了可调控金字塔的纹理分析和重构技术。与传 统的小波纹理分析技术不同，我们在小波域中加入处理物体变形和纹理影响的容 忍度控制算法，来实现容忍物体变形和对纹理影响鲁棒的目的。最后可调控金字 塔的重构保证了缺陷区域物理意义恢复的准确性。实验阶段，我们检测了一系列 具有实际应用价值的图像。实验结果表明 本文提出的纹理物体缺陷检测算法具有 高效性和易于实现性。 关键字: 缺陷检测；纹理；物体变形；可调控金字塔；重构
Keywords: defect detection, texture, object distortion, steerable pyramid, reconstruction
II
高三英语学术研究方法创新不断单选题30题
高三英语学术研究方法创新不断单选题30题1.In academic research, a thorough literature review is ______ essential step.A.anB.aC.theD./答案：A。
本题考查冠词的用法。
“essential”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用“an”。
“a”用于辅音音素开头的单词前；“the”表示特指；“/”即零冠词，此处需要一个不定冠词来表示“一个”的意思，且“essential”以元音音素开头，所以选“A”。
2.______ successful academic research requires careful planning and dedication.A.AB.AnC.TheD./答案：D。
本题考查零冠词的用法。
“successful academic research”在此处是泛指学术研究，不是特指某一项学术研究，也不是可数名词单数需用不定冠词修饰的情况，所以用零冠词“/”。
3.At the heart of academic research is ______ pursuit of knowledge.A.aC.theD./答案：C。
本题考查定冠词的用法。
“the pursuit of knowledge”表示“对知识的追求”，是特指的概念，所以用“the”。
4.Researchers need ______ accurate data to draw valid conclusions.A.anB.aC.theD./答案：D。
本题考查零冠词的用法。
“data”在此处是不可数名词，且不是特指某一特定的数据，所以用零冠词“/”。
5.______ innovation is crucial in academic research.A.AnB.AC.TheD./答案：D。
本题考查零冠词的用法。
“innovation”在此处是泛指创新，不是特指某一个创新，也不是可数名词单数需用不定冠词修饰的情况，所以用零冠词“/”。
复旦大学研究生英语教师用书
研究生英语研究生高级英语教师用书主编曾建彬黄莺编委（以汉语拼音为序）范若恩谷红欣顾乡何静黄莺刘雯卢玉玲夏威雍毅曾建彬张宁宁赵蓉前言《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》是复旦大学研究生课程及教材建设重点资助项目，受到了复旦大学研究生院和上海市重点学科建设项目“英语语言文学”项目的资助。
该教材根据中国学生的英语学习需求，采用“博采众长，学以致用”的编写原则，在教材编写中汲取各种有效的英语教学理论和实践方法，为了适应研究生英语课程改革和创新的需要编写而成。
《研究生英语》供非英语专业硕士研究生第一外国语（英语）课程使用，《研究生高级英语》供非英语专业博士硕士研究生第一外国语（英语）课程使用。
本书为《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》教学参考书的合订本，提供课后练习的参考答案、课文参考译文，以及翻译练习的参考答案，供教师备课参考之用。
本书由《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》编委负责编写（以汉语拼音为序）：范若恩、谷红欣、顾乡、何静、黄莺、刘雯、卢玉玲、夏威、雍毅、曾建彬、张宁宁、赵蓉，均为复旦大学外文学院研究生英语教学部教师。
本书在编写的过程中得到了复旦大学研究生院和复旦大学出版社的大力支持，在此表示衷心的感谢。
由于编写人员教学任务重、时间紧、水平有限，教材中的错误及不妥之处在所难免，敬请读者提出宝贵的意见。
编者2011年12月使用说明本书为《研究生英语》和《研究生高级英语》教学参考书的合订本，供非英语专业硕士研究生和博士研究生教学的英语教师参考使用，内容包括《研究生英语》和《研究生综合英语》课文的背景材料、练习答案以及参考译文等。
还包括各单元的补充阅读和翻译练习的参考答案。
关于课文（Text）有以下内容：1．背景材料(Background Information)，包括作者介绍、与课文内容相关的英语国家文化、社会生活和风土人情等背景知识。
2．课文练习答案(Key to Exercises)，包括课后练习V ocabulary Study和Cloze的参考答案。
中科院研究生学术英语
中科院研究生学术英语中国科学院研究生学术英语主要包括科研论文写作、学术会议报告和学术交流等方面的内容，以下是一些常用的学术英语词汇和短语：1. Introduction（引言）:- The purpose of this study is... （本研究的目的是……）- In this paper, we aim to...（本文旨在……）- This study addresses the issue of...（本研究解决了……的问题）2. Methodology（方法）:- We conducted a series of experiments to... （我们进行了一系列的实验来……）- The data was collected through...（数据通过……收集）3. Results（结果）:- Our findings suggest that...（我们的研究结果表明……）- The experiment yielded significant results in terms of...（实验在……方面产生了显著结果）4. Discussion（讨论）:- These results are consistent with previous studies on...（这些结果与以前的研究一致）- One possible explanation for these findings is...（这些发现的一个可能的解释是……）5. Conclusion（结论）:- In conclusion, this study has provided evidence to support the hypothesis that...（总之，本研究提供了支持……假设的证据）- Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of these findings.（需要进一步研究以全面了解这些发现的意义）6. Academic Presentation（学术报告）:- First of all, I would like to thank the organizers for giving me the opportunity to present my research.（首先，我想感谢组织者给我展示研究的机会）- As you can see from the graph, there is a clear trend indicating...（从图表中可以看出，有一个明显的趋势表明……）- I would be happy to answer any questions you may have.（我很乐意回答你们可能提出的任何问题）7. Academic Exchange（学术交流）:- Could you elaborate on that point?（你能详细说明一下这个观点吗？）- I would like to ask for your opinion on...（我想请你对……发表一下意见）- I appreciate your insights and suggestions.（感谢你的见解和建议）希望以上内容能对你的科研学术英语学习有所帮助！。
高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题
高二英语科研项目实施单选题40题1. In a scientific research project, we often ______ data to draw conclusions.A. collectB. collectedC. collectingD. collects答案：A。
本题考查一般现在时的动词形式。
选项A“collect”是动词原形，用于一般现在时；选项B“collected”是过去式，用于一般过去时；选项C“collecting”是现在分词，用于进行时态；选项D“collects”是第三人称单数形式。
在本句中，主语是“we”，不是第三人称单数，且根据“often”可知是一般现在时，所以用动词原形“collect”。
2. The success of a research project depends on the ______ of the team members.A. cooperationB. cooperateC. cooperativeD. cooperates答案：A。
本题考查名词的用法。
选项A“cooperation”是名词，意为“合作”；选项B“cooperate”是动词，意为“合作”；选项C“cooperative”是形容词，意为“合作的”；选项D“cooperates”是动词的第三人称单数形式。
在本句中，“the”后面需要接名词，所以选“cooperation”。
3. We need to ______ a detailed plan before starting the research project.A. makeB. makesC. madeD. making答案：A。
本题考查动词的基本形式。
“need to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“需要做某事”，所以此处要用动词原形，选项A“make”符合；选项B“makes”是第三人称单数形式；选项C“made”是过去式；选项D“making”是现在分词。
英语学术英语作文提纲
英语学术英语作文提纲英文回答：Introduction。
In the realm of academic discourse, the ability to effectively craft a thesis statement is paramount. A thesis statement serves as the backbone of any scholarly work, providing a roadmap for the argumentation that follows. This essay will elucidate the essential elements of a robust thesis statement, exploring its structure, content, and purpose.Structure of a Thesis Statement。
A well-structured thesis statement typically comprises three key components:1. Topic: The topic of the thesis statement is the broad subject matter that will be explored in the paper.2. Main Argument: The main argument is the central claim or assertion that the paper will defend. It should be specific, debatable, and supportable with evidence.3. Road Map: The road map outlines the organization of the paper, detailing the main points that will be discussed to support the main argument.Content of a Thesis Statement。
英语写作第1次作业答案
Unit 1: 段落和篇章知识（Paragraph and whole composition）1. What is a paragraph?A paragraph is a division of writings expressing one central idea. It usually consists of several closely related sentences. It can also be called a unit of thought. It is a unit in itself and part of a la5ger whole.2. What is a paragraph made up of?Paragraph is made up of a group of sentences which altogether express a controlling idea or central idea. It includes topic sentence, supporting sentences, and concluding sentence. The paragraph is the basic unit of a composition3. What are the features of an effective paragraph?1）It focuses on one major idea. This major idea is called the topic sentence.2）It provides enough details to develop the idea. An effective paragraph does not waste the r eader’s time. It doesn’t start something without finishing it. It contains enough specific details to enable the reader to understand the writer’s point.3）It is sensibly organized: An effective paragraph does not bore the reader. It is organized so the reader has no trouble following the writer’s progression of thought—so the reader can see three parts in aparagraph—1) the topic sentence; 2) supporting details, and 3) the concluding sentence.4. What is the topic sentence and why is it important?A topic sentence is a brief statement of the subject of the paragraph. It is very important because it determines the content of the whole paragraph. Therefore, special attention should be paid to it.5. Which sentence is the topic sentence in the following paragraph?My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents;they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue.My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others.6. The following topic sentences are not good ones, try to make them better.●There is much to say about any problem.●Time is money●He found an old book in our library last Thursday afternoon●There is much to say about the problem of unemployment.●It is a shame to waste time in college years.● One of his interests is to spend time in libraries.7. What are the requirements of a good topic sentence?1) A good topic sentence presents both a subject and an attitude toward that subject.2) A topic sentence only states one fact or one opinion.3) The topic should be neither too abstract nor too specific.4) Furthermore it is better to be placed at the beginning of the paragraph.8. What are the requirements of supporting details?1)Supporting details deal with different aspects of a topic sentence.2)Supporting details never say things that are irrelevant to the topic sentence.3)Supporting details should be developed naturally and logically from one to another.4)Each supporting detail should not be either too long or too short.9. What is the concluding sentence?The concluding sentence is the restatement of the topic sentence. It usually summarize the idea of the whole paragraph and to open doors to the next paragraph. Therefore, a concluding sentence of a paragraph is supposed to be the link between the two paragraphs.It may be absent in some paragraphs.10. What is a composition made up of? What is the function of each part?1) Most, if not all, compositions are made up of a beginning, a middle, and an end.2)●The beginning ( the introduction) rouses the reader’s interest in and secures his attention to the subjectmatter of the essay or provides necessary background information.●The middle (the body) gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideas the writer intends to putforth.●The end ( the conclusion ) winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forceful statement to influencethe reader’s final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.11. How many ways can you write your introduction ?● A quotation●Figures or statistics● A question or several questions●The time and place of the event to be described●Relevant background material●An analogy● A definitionUnit 2: 记叙文和论说文（Narration and argumentation）1. What are narrate and narration?To narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration, in its broadest sense, is any account of an event or series of events. When it is defined simply, narration is the telling of a trued or imaginary story.2. How many types of narration ?Matter-of-fact Narration : It is an exact account of what happened. In this kind of account the facts are stated in chronological or time order. Narration with plot: this kind of narration is used to tell a story so it includes enough details for clearness and some description to make the story vivid. It often follows a chronological order with one action after another as it happened and developed in original experience.It mainly includes travel account (游记) , news （新闻）, biography （传记）, diary （日记）, essay （散文，杂文）, anecdote （逸闻趣事）, adventurous personal experience （亲历的冒险事件）, historic events （史记）, epitaph （墓志铭）.3. What aspects should you consider when you plan a narration?●Purpose: when a writer begins to narrate, there must be a purpose in his mind for writing. He shouldchoose enough details and design the plot of his narration carefully in order to let others tounderstand what he wants to express clearly.● Organization: Events in a narration are usually related in the order in which they occur. That is to say,it is written in chronological order. But sometimes it is also possible to start from the middle or fromthe end of the narration with the event that is most important to arouse the interest of the reader andthen go back t the beginning by using flashbacks. Generally, a narration is made up of three parts: a beginning, a middle part and an end. There is no need to make a concluding paragraph when thestory is clearly told and comes to the end naturally. However, sometimes, it is necessary to add oneor more paragraphs about the significance of the story or about what happens afterwards.●Context: In narrative writing, it should be often made clearly at the beginning that “when” “where”and “to whom” the action in the narration happened, which provides with a context, or circumstances to the reader so as to help him to understand the whole narration.●Selection of details: In order to help the reader know what is happening, the writer should offerenough details. But, there should not be too many details. To highlight the development of narration, the useful and effective things are only relevant details or things that contribute to bring out the main ideas of the narration.4. What is an argumentation?An argument involves the process of establishing a claim and then proving it with the use of logical reasoning, examples, and research.5. What is the organization of an argumentation?●Title●Introduction: Thesis statement●Body Paragraphs●Constructing Topic Sentences●Building Main Point●Countering the Opposition●Conclusion6. What is a thesis statement?The most important sentence in your paper●Lets the reader know the main idea of the paper●Answers t he question: “What am I trying to prove?●Not a factual statement, but a claim that has to be proven throughout the paper7. What is the role of the thesis statement?●The thesis statement should guide your reader through your argument.●The thesis statement is generally located in the introduction of the paper.● A thesis statement may also be located within the body of the paper or in the conclusion, depending uponthe purpose or argument of the paper.How Do People Keep HealthyAs the living standard improves more and more people are paying attention to their health conditions. Different people usually have different ways to stay healthy. In my opinion, the most important thing is to keep a healthy attitude toward life.It is true that physical factors affect on e’s health conditions a great deal, but at the same time, we should not neglect the mental factors. Many scientific researches have shown that anger, suspicion and envy do great harm to human bodies while being optimistic can cure some small diseases. We have also heard of many people who live much longer than doctors’ prediction after they have been diagnosed incurable diseases. That is, because they keep a good mood and struggle with the difficulties in life. Compared with those people who suffer serious physical pain, we healthy people are much more lucky and therefore have more reasons to maintain a healthy attitude to life no matter what kind of hardship life may give us.People use all kinds of methods to keep healthy because they want to live happily. Then in my point of view, there is no other way than keeping a healthy attitude toward life can make people happier or more healthy, both physically and mentally..Should Raising Pets be Banned?With the steady growth in the coun try’s economy as well as the people’s living standard, a great many city dwellers take up the hobby of keeping pets. To their mind, pets bring great happiness and fun to their life. In reality, pets have become a member of the pet owner’s family. However, recently this phenomenon has triggered a heated discussion as to whether city people should be allowed to raise pets. There are people on both sides of the argument who have very strong feelings.The pet lovers claim that raising a pet benefits us a lot. First of all, a pet is a faithful and obedient companion to its owner. Pets are affectionate and cute. Secondly, they possess the inborn ability to entertain people, providing a rich source of pleasure and fun. They help people rid their loneliness and ease the tense life pressure. Moreover, keeping a pet does good to childr5en’s psychological development,because it teaches children how to care for others and how to appreciate life while helping them to cultivate a strong sense of responsibility. Pets also have some practical uses. They can be a loyal companion, a doorkeeper or a guide dog. In some special cases, pets even act as the protector and savior of the owner. In a word, there are many advantages to keeping a pet at home.On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly condemn this hobby. From their point of view, pets bring far more harm than good to us city dwellers. To begin with it is a costly and time-consuming hobby. You have to accommodate them, care for them and spend time with them. How can a bustling city person afford that? Moreover, it is very dirty. They litter everywhere and may carry some fatal viruses, which are great threats to human health. They even spread some infectious diseases to their owners and sometimes even those people around the. Last of all, they are troublemakers to the neighborhood. Some pet dogs or cats enjoy barking or miaowing at midnight, which is an irritating disturbance to the neighbors. Pets may sometimes attack neighbors and passers-by. On some occasions, they cause some damage to other’s property. On any accounts, they are unwelcome and troublesome.J ust as the saying goes, “so many people, so many minds”, it is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person. As far as I am concerned, it is advisable not to keep a pet in a city, because this hobby brings us more drawbacks than merits. If there were too many pets running on the streets, baking at night, lettering everywhere better give up this hobby for the common good.Unit 3: 说明文和描写文（Exposition and description）1. What is an exposition?Exposition means explaining or expounding something, the purpose of which is to inform or instruct, to make the reader understand what he reads. It is a kind of writing that is used often by a scientist, a specialist, a professional or a college student. In expository writing, the writer may present a concept, a process or a fact, and explain it by using the ways of listing the elements or steps, which make up the concept, the process or the fact. It deals with processes and relationships mainly.2. What are the common methods of writing an exposition?Illustration by example●Division and classification: The purpose of division is to divide a thing into parts and it is used to dealwith one thing.●Classification is used to organize things sharing certain qualities and the purpose of which is to groupthese things systematically.●Comparison and contrast: a comparison means the way to explain how things are similar; butcontrast explains how tings are different.●Cause and effect: it means a piece of expository writing which shows or explains the cause and effectof something.Definition: it means the way that a writer uses when he wants to introduce to the reader a new and unfamiliar term or concept.3. What is a Description?Description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.My favorite ColorWhen referring to colors, we have certain aspects of them. For instance, red may stand for passion, white for peace and purity, black for mystery, and so on. As far as I am concerned, blue is my favorite color, and there are a brief story and reasons behind it.The story could be traced back to my childhood. At the age of 8, I received a gift from my dear grandparents who paid their first overseas visit to Japan. It was a blue Mickey Mouse watch. The watchband was made of leather dyed in navy blue, and the watchcase was also of navy stainless with inside a cutenavy-uniformed Mickey Mouse whose hands pointed at the hours and minutes. At that time, about 22 years ago, this kind of watch was rare and Mickey Mouse seemed to me a fairytale which I could only imagine instead of possessing the real object; therefore, every time I put the watch on, I gained jealousy from my peer and classmate s. In other words, this behavior satisfied my childish vanity then. However, since it was a delicate and beautiful watch, I seldom put it on. On one rainy evening, my younger sister, Wen-fang, had a serious fever. Having decided to take her to see a do ctor, my mother had my brother on her back, held my other 2 sisters’ hands and asked me to embrace my sick young sister, and we walked half an hour to the clinic. After coming home, I found my Mickey Mouse watch disappeared. I hurried to seek for my lost watch in the exact path that we walked through, but couldn’t find it. I was quite sad about it, but fortunately, my sister soon recovered under the doctor’s treatment. Till now, I still remember that lost blue watch vividly and from then on, I made a specia l and favorable impression on blue.Moreover, it is magical that blue sky and blue sea have enchanting and amazing power over me. Whenever I am depressed, I especially enjoy looking up the blue sky and if it is allowed, I like going to see the deep blue oc eans as well. It’s a great relief to see the blue color, and it really soothes my nerves. Under this enormous blue vault, I, myself, and my depression are too tiny to be compared to it; the peaceful deep blue seas with the touchable melody of which the waves compose is the best cure for my unhappiness or sadness.To sum up, my definition of blue stands for relief and freedom of soul. Though some may consider blue is a sign of gloom, since I am an optimistic and independent person, when I am blue, I will tell myself to look on the bright side instead of including myself into being over sorrowful. I favor blue for its fine distinction and definition as mentioned above. Hence, I consider that no other colors are more suitable to me than blue.The Pet I KeptMany people have an experience of raising a pet. They may have different feeling and sensations towards their pets. No matter how they feel, the same feeling of having a pet is love. People treat their pets with love and the pets also spend their whole lives companying with their masters. When we have pets, we have to take care and love them. Therefore, keeping a pet is not a tough work but as a good learning experience to learn how to be responsible and patient.I kept a dog as a pet when I was in elementary school. Its name was “little white” because it was white in color. I got the puppy from my classmate because there were too many dogs after his mother-dog reproduced. He wanted me to pick up one from 7 puppies. I choose “little white” because it has a pair of beautiful and bright eyes and a very cute face. I happily brought it home and cleaned it and fed with milk. From that moment, the puppy became one of my family members.Few months later, when it grew up, it became a big dog with a short month, sharp teeth, bright eyes, a small black nose, fox-like ears and a feather duster-like tail. It had bad temper and was interested in bitinganything, especially people. I was been one of the victims. Although it got a terrible temper, it gave me the unforgettable and happy moments during my childhood.After possessing “little white”, I could have a little realization about how difficult of being parents. The puppy could have faces anywhere in the house and I got to clear them up. The defecation smelt bad and made me feel vomitive. Every time after I cleaned the feces, I shout to the puppy to release my bad emotion of cleaning the stink shit. Besides, I had to catch the fleas, which are too small to be caught on the puppy. Moreover, I had to clean the puppy regularly. The puppy was so hated to be scrub that it ran away when it heard “taking washing”. Therefore, every time I had to chase the dog on the street and catch it back and then tie it up and give a rinse. Thus, cleaning dog is not only a hard work but also an exhausted exercise.However, having a pet did not mean having a trouble. Sometimes, a pet can play an important role in our mental health. For example, when I was in bad mood, the puppy became my royal listener and stayed with me and never could not “complain” because it could not speak “human language” to grumble at me. When I was in good mood, I played with the dog and shared my happiness through having good time on the playground or giving some special abundant meals. On the contrary, the dog also had its own emotions and would have many special method of expressing its feeling. For instance, when “little white” was in good mood, it would ask me to play with it by “throwing” its “toys”, such as the fake bones or some clothes it liked to sleep with. Also, the “little white” had emotional reactions and would show its feeling on face. When the dog was happy, it would not only shake its tail but also “smile”. When the dog felt bored, it would ask me to play with it by biting my pants. When the puppy wanted to go out for fun, it would scratch the door and bark. When the dog was hungry, it would bark like “begging”. Although the puppy could not talk, it also could express its feeling through many ways In addition, the “little white” was also the security guide of family because of its “sharp nose, ears, and bad temper”. The dog almost barked at and bit anyone who tried to get into my house, including our friends, classmates, neighbors, visitors, and even the passerby except my family. Therefore, when the visitors came, we had to catch the “little white” and locked it into the “toilet” until the visitor left. After a long time, all my friends knew that I had a very bad temper dog.. As a result, keeping a pet is not a tough work but a good learning experience to learn how to be responsible and patient. After raising a dog, I not only learn how to take care of a dog but also realize that “little white” as a pet is a life, which has feelings and thought as human did and spends all its life with me, and depends on me, and trusts me. Therefore, I shall cherish the relation between us.Unit 4: 实用文（Practical writings）1. What aspects should you pay attention to when you design a cover letter?Whether mailing or hand-delivering a resume, always include a short covering letter. The following aspects you should especially pay attention to:●Address your letter to an individual, not to a title alone. Although you may address your resume to Mr.Patrick Burns, Marketing Manager, don't address your letter (or envelope) to Marketing Manager. The employer may conclude that, because you were unable or unwilling to search out his actual name,you will demonstrate an equal lack of initiative on the job. He may be instinctively more sympatheticto the applicant who uses his correct name.●Stipulate the type of job you are applying for. If you don't mention the specific job or type of work, itimplies that you are simply looking for "work." If so, you may not be the interested, motivated, anddedicated individual that the employer is looking for. Tell also what caused you to apply, whether anadvertisement, the recommendation of a friend who works there, etc, or your own research, etc. Bedirect and to the point. Don't waste the employer's time.●Be specific and factual. Mention any personal characteristics that may be relevant to the opening. Bespecific and factual. Avoid generalities and exaggeration. Back up any claim modestly and succinctly.●Be direct and natural. Write as if you were speaking face to face to the employer. Avoid ostentation.Stay clear of complicated grammar.●Be brief. Keep the letter to one page. Write as if you were speaking face to face to the employer.Avoid ostentation. Stay clear of complicated grammar.●Be brief. Keep the letter to one page.●Propose a next step (e.g., a meeting).●Tailor your letter to different readers. Although you may want to send the same resume to allemployers, you probably should vary the covering letter somewhat in order to emphasize differentinterests or strengths. Certain of your qualifications may be of more importance to one employer than to another.2. Write on Answer sheet one a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You have heard that your friend, Jack, wishes to sell his walkman. Write him a note expressing your interest in it, asking him about its condition and offering a price for it.December 7, 2011 Dear Jack,I have heard that you want to sell your walkman. You know, I want to buy a used walkman in order to do some listening practice. I want to know if your walkman functions well. And I offer 200 yuan to buy it. Please give me some detailed information about it as soon as possible.Yours sincerelyHenryEnglish DepartmentZhejiang UniversityWenzhou,325608ChinaDec. 21, 20113. Write a business letter to your customer to talk about the price your company offers to buy his/hercomputers. You think that the price he/she offers is too high and you think that 5800 RMB for eachcomputer is better for both sides. Now write a business letter to express this intention. Pay attention to the form of a business letter.Wang YingzhiEnglish DepartmentZhejiang UniversityWenzhou, 325608ChinaOct.20, 2011Prof. Harvey MillerComputer International444 Madison AvenueNew York, NY 10022U.S.ADear Prof. Harvey:Last weekend ,I had read the price your company offers to buy your computers. I think that the price you offered is too high. I would be very grateful if you could sell 5800 RMB for each computer .We are all looking forward to your reply.Yours Sincerely,Wang Yingzhi 4. Suppose now you are a freshman (大一学生) in a college. You want to have a part-time job. Yet yourparents don’t agree with you and urge you to focus your time and energy on your study. Now write a letter no less than 150 words to tell them the importance and value of part-time job to a college student, ensure them that you can balance your study and the part-time job well, and therefore persuade them to agree with your choice at last.Pay attention to the form of a letter: the heading, the salutation, complementary ending , and makeyour letter as powerful as possible.October 20, 2011Dear,In our country there are more and more college students undertaking a part-time job or even more than one part-time job. It’s becoming quite common to see students busy running errands after lessons.Although it is a truth that for a college student, his most important goal must be to learn well and to get a high score in examinations, it surely does not need to be the only target. In fact, college life which consists of only study is not balanced and may cause the student to miss out on other valuable learning experiences. In addition to bringing more balance to a student’s life, part-time work can broaden his social experience. He will have the precious opportunity to meet people from all walks of life and will be faced with a wider variety of problems to solve. Furthermore, work helps a student to develop greater independence, and earning his own pocket money can teach him how to handle his finances. Finally, a part-time job can help a student to develop a greater sense of responsibility and team-work spirit, both for his own work and for that of the team he works with.For all of these reasons above, I firmly believe that most students would benefit from taking a part-time job while they are at college. Of course, they must be careful not to let it take up too much of their time because study is still their primary responsibility. To sum up, living a balanced life is the best way to be successful.Sincerely,Wang Yingzhi。
歌德的自然哲学思想--以论文《植物变形记》与诗歌《植物变形记》为例
硕士研究生学位论文题目：歌德的自然哲学思想：以论文《植物变形记》与诗歌《植物变形记》为例*名：**学号：1201212904院系：外国语学院专业：德语语言文学研究方向：德语文学导师姓名：谷裕二〇一五年四月版权声明 任何收存和保管本论文各种版本的单位和个人，未经本论文作者同意，不得将本论文转借他人，亦不得随意复制、抄录、拍照或以任何方式传播。
否则，引起有碍作者著作权之问题，将可能承担法律责任。
歌德的自然哲学思想：以论文《植物变形记》与诗歌《植物变形记》为例Goethes Naturphilosophie: die Abhandlung Die Metamorphose der Pflanzen und das gleichnamigeGedicht als Beispiele中文摘要本文以歌德的植物学论文《植物变形记》和同名诗歌为例，采用将两个相关文本进行互文性对照的主要研究方法，以歌德的植物学研究为出发点，重点关注歌德的“叶子”理论，进而探究同名诗歌中传达的“一切形态皆类似”的科学哲理，以及歌德在诗中表达的个人情感和更高一级的人文关怀，最后将歌德的自然科学研究与文学创作实践作为其整体性思维活动侧面，从德意志自然哲学思想史的背景出发，揭示歌德作为思想家的整体自然哲学观。
本文共分为五章。
第一章引言探讨了拥有自然研究家和诗人两重身份的歌德所进行科学研究和文学创作之间的关系，进一步引出两种实践所产生的成果，即论文《植物变形记》和同名诗歌间的互文性关系，并总结前人的研究，指出不足，强调本文将两个文本进行整合并进行文本细读的意义以及从中考察歌德自然哲学思想的创新性。
第二章首先介绍并分析歌德植物学研究之缘起以及意大利之行为研究带来的灵感，并从三个方面对论文《植物变形记》文本进行研究，即植物变形的“叶子”理论、歌德“精神的直观”的科学工作方法和“诗化的”科学语言以及写作风格，得出歌德的植物形态学核心思想为“一切皆为叶”。
大学英语第四册三单元作文的要求
大学英语第四册三单元作文的要求全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big Sister's English BookMy big sister Jane is in college and she has this really big, thick English book that she has to study. It's blue and has "College English Volume 4" written on the front cover in big letters. She says it's for her English class and that she has to read stuff from it and do exercises and write essays and stuff. It looks really hard!The other day I was looking through Jane's book when she wasn't around. I was being nosy I guess, but I was curious what kind of things college students have to learn about English. One section I looked at was called "Unit 3". On the first page of Unit 3, it had a list of requirements for the essays they have to write.The first requirement said the essays have to be at least 400 words long. 400 words?? That's so many! When we have to write stories in my 3rd grade class, Mrs. Martin only makes us write 100 words maximum. I can't imagine writing 400 words about anything. My hand would get so tired from all that writing!The second requirement said something about "logical organization and cohesive devices." I'm not really sure what that means. Maybe it's about making sure your essay makes sense and follows along nicely without jumping around too much? Like having an introduction, body, and conclusion part? Mrs. Martin is always reminding us to "stay on topic" when we write, so maybe it's something like that.Another requirement said the essays need to "demonstrate lexical range and proper academic tone." Lexical range? Is that some kind of advanced vocabulary word I haven't learned yet? It sounds super complicated. And an "academic tone" - does that mean you can't use informal language like contractions or slang? No saying things like "can't", "isn't", or "awesome"? That would be really hard! I put those kinds of informal words in my writing all the time.One part of the requirements that confused me the most said the essays have to "critically analyze perspectives and substantiate arguments with supporting evidence." Critically analyze perspectives? Substantiate arguments? Supporting evidence? Those sound like really high-level concepts that I definitely don't understand yet. I'm just a 3rd grader! I pretty much just write simple stories about fun things I've done ormade-up adventures. I don't think I could "critically analyze" anything too complicated.The last part of the requirements I remember said there had to be "minimal errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, etc." That one I can kind of understand - it means you have to proofread your work really carefully to fix any mistakes before turning it in. Mrs. Martin is always going over our writing to point out any errors in grammar or punctuation that we missed. Still, having absolutely minimal errors on a 400+ word essay sounds really difficult. I always make a bunch of little mistakes when I write!Overall, the requirements for writing an essay for Jane's college English class look incredibly challenging. Between the length, the fancy vocabulary and concepts, and having to analyze things in-depth with no mistakes, it's no wonder she complains about how hard her English assignments are! I'm just glad I don't have to worry about any of that super advanced stuff quite yet. Maybe once I get to be a junior or senior in high school I'll be ready for college-level English. But for now, I'm perfectly happy writing my simple little stories for 3rd grade!篇2My Big Sister's Writing AssignmentMy big sister Sally is in university and she has to do this really hard writing assignment for her English class. It's for the third unit in her textbook Volume 4. I saw her struggling with it at the kitchen table, so I asked her what it was all about. She sighed and showed me the requirements."Ugh, this assignment is so complicated!" she said, running her hands through her hair. "I have to write a persuasive essay arguing either for or against the idea that technology is good for society. But there are so many rules I have to follow."I looked at the paper she handed me. Here were all the requirements listed out:The essay must be 800-1000 words in length.It must have a clear thesis statement in the introduction paragraph.There should be 3-5 body paragraphs, each with a topic sentence related to the thesis.Each body paragraph must have specific examples and details to support the main idea.Use transition words and phrases to connect ideas between sentences and paragraphs.Include quoted evidence from at least 3 different reliable sources to support your argument.The sources must be cited properly in APA or MLA style format.Acknowledge the other side's viewpoint and refute it using logic and facts.The conclusion should restate the thesis and summarize the main points.Use formal academic language and tone throughout. No slang or contractions allowed."Whoa, that does seem really hard!" I said after reading through all the rules. "What are you going to argue - that technology is good or bad?""I'm not sure yet," Sally said with a frown. "There are good points on both sides. Technology has made our lives easier and more efficient in many ways. But it has also caused problems like addiction, privacy issues, and less face-to-face interaction.""Well, if I was going to write it, I would say technology is good!" I declared. "I love playing video games and watching videos online. And you can learn so much from the internet now."Sally gave me a wry look. "Yes, but I have to look at it from multiple perspectives and acknowledge the negatives too. That's part of writing a strong persuasive essay.""Hmm...okay, here's what I would write if I was doing your assignment!" I decided to give it a try myself.IntroductionTechnology has become a huge part of our lives today, but is it a positive or negative thing for society? I believe that while technology definitely has some downsides, overall it is a tremendous force for good that is improving the world in many important ways. This essay will discuss three main benefits of technology in terms of education, communication, and problem-solving abilities.Body Paragraph 1First off, technology is transforming how we learn and make education accessible to more people. With online courses, video tutorials, and a wealth of information on the internet, anyone caneasily access knowledge from experts all around the world. According to a study by the MIT Education Institute, "Students enrolled in online learning programs score an average of 18% higher than those in traditional classroom environments." Programs like Khan Academy offer free online lessons in every subject for students of all ages. Technology gives us unprecedented ability to share knowledge on a global scale.Body Paragraph 2Secondly, modern technology has revolutionized how we communicate and connect with others across long distances. Social media, video chat, messaging apps and other tools have made it easier than ever to stay in touch with friends and family regardless of location. An article from Computer World magazine states, "75% of people surveyed say they are able to maintain better relationships with loved ones because of communication technology." Beyond just personal connections, technology has also enabled global collaboration, allowing people from different countries and cultures to work together and share ideas like never before. The internet and digital communication have brought the world much closer together.Body Paragraph 3Another huge benefit of technology is how it empowers us to understand and solve extremely complex problems in fields like medicine, science, engineering and more. Powerful computers can process massive amounts of data and run simulations to analyze anything from disease patterns to climate change models. An article in Scientific American notes, "Researchers have used deep learning technology to identify patterns in cancer biopsy images that allowed them to diagnose breast cancer more accurately than highly trained doctors." Technology is an indispensable tool for making groundbreaking discoveries and finding solutions to the world's greatest challenges.篇3Hi! My name is Emily and I'm 10 years old. I'm in 5th grade and I love learning English. My big sister is in university and she has this really big English book called "University English Book 4." It's huge! The other day she was working on Unit 3 and had to write an essay. I asked her what she had to do and she explained it to me. Let me tell you all about it!For the essay in Unit 3, you have to write about an interesting experience you had. It can be anything fun or exciting that happened to you. My sister said she was going to writeabout the time we went to Disneyland last summer. That was so much fun! We went on all the rides and saw the princesses and Mickey Mouse. I'm a little jealous she gets to write about that for her essay. Maybe I'll write my own pretend essay about our Disneyland trip too!Anyway, my sister told me the essay has to be really long - at least 800 words! That's like a billion words for a 10-year-old. But I guess for university students that's normal. She said it's important to have a clear introduction paragraph that grabs the reader's attention and tells them what the essay will be about. Then the body paragraphs need to describe the experience in detail, like what happened first, next, and so on. You're supposed to use really descriptive words to paint a picture in the reader's mind.The hardest part sounds like the conclusion paragraph. My sister said you have to summarize the main points of your experience, but also discuss why it was meaningful or impactful for you. You can't just be like "and then we went home - the end!" You have to analyze the deeper significance. That sounds super hard to me. How am I supposed to know the "deeper significance" of going to Disneyland besides that it was really really fun?Oh, and my sister mentioned some other rules too. The essay has to be written in English obviously, but using advanced vocabulary and smooth transitions between ideas. No super basic words or sentence structures. You also have to cite any outside sources you use, like if you looked something up online about Disneyland history. Proper citations are a must or it's considered plagiarism which is really bad.The essay also has to be formatted correctly. That means: double-spaced lines, 1-inch margins, Times New Roman12-point font, and indented paragraph starts. Headings have to be formatted a certain way too. My sister showed me examples in her book and it looked really rigid compared to how I normally write stuff for school. You have to be really precise about the formatting.Overall it sounds like a lot of work! I'm just glad I'm still in elementary school and don't have massive English essays to write yet. Although writing about my Disneyland experience does sound kind of fun... Maybe I'll give it a try just for practice. Hopefully my little 10-year-old essay about "The Deeper Significance of Meeting Mickey Mouse" will be good preparation for university one day. If not, at least I'll have a fun memory of mywriting! Let me know if you need any other details about the Unit 3 essay requirements. I tried my best to explain it all!篇4My Big Sister's Hard English EssayHi! My name is Timmy and I'm in 4th grade. My big sister Jessica is a sophomore in college and she has been working really hard on this big essay for her English class. I've been watching her work on it and it looks super difficult!Jessica's essay has to be about 2,000 words long, which is like 8 pages of writing! That's almost as long as some of the books we read in class. When I asked her what the essay was about, she said it was for the third unit in her English textbook about global issues. The topic she chose to write about is climate change.Jessica had to follow a lot of rules for this essay. First, she had to write a thesis statement at the beginning that clearly states her main idea. Her thesis is that climate change is caused by human activities and it is threatening the environment and human society. Then she had to include at least three body paragraphs that give evidence and examples to support her thesis.For her first body paragraph, Jessica wrote about how burning fossil fuels like gas, oil, and coal releases greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. She talked about the greenhouse effect and global warming. She used some scientific facts and data from reliable sources to back up her points.In the second body paragraph, Jessica discussed some of the impacts of climate change, like rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, droughts, loss of biodiversity, and threats to food and water supplies. She found a lot of strong evidence about how climate change is already affecting people and the environment around the world.For her third body paragraph, Jessica talked about potential solutions to address climate change, like switching to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, protecting forests, and developing green technologies. She argued that governments, businesses, and individuals all need to take action.After her three body paragraphs giving evidence, Jessica had to write a conclusion paragraph that restated her main points and thesis. The conclusion can't have any new information, just a summary of her overall argument.Another rule was that Jessica had to integrate quotes and citations from at least 5 different sources into her essay. Sheused books, journal articles, and trusted websites as her sources. Whenever she used someone else's words or ideas, she had to include the author's name and publication information.Jessica also had to follow the formatting guidelines, like using 12 point Times New Roman font, setting 1-inch margins, and double spacing the lines. She included a cover page and a reference list at the end too.One of the hardest parts was making sure her essay flowed smoothly and that all her paragraphs and sentences werewell-organized and transitioned nicely. She worked on revising her draft several times to improve the clarity and logical structure.I could tell Jessica worked really hard on this assignment for many weeks. Writing such a long research paper that meets all the requirements looks extremely challenging! I'm glad I don't have to worry about writing essays like that until I'm much older. Jessica said the skills she's learning will really help prepare her for college and her future career though.Even though English writing assignments seem really difficult now, I know all that practice will pay off in the long run. For now, I'm just happy helping Jessica out by proofreading heressay and making sure she doesn't miss any silly spelling or grammar mistakes!篇5My Big Sister's University English BookHi! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. I'm in 3rd grade and I love school, especially writing time! My big sister Jessica is in university and she has these really big, thick English textbooks. The other day I was looking at one and it had all these crazy writing assignments in it. One of them was super long and weird - it was all about the requirements for the third unit writing assignment! I don't really understand what university is or why they have to write such bizarre things, but I thought it would be fun to tell you about it.Okay, so this writing assignment was in Jessica's English textbook volume 4, and it was all about the third unit. From what I could figure out, they have to write a paper for this unit, and the textbook listed out all the rules and requirements they have to follow. It was so strange!First of all, it said the paper has to be 8-10 pages long! Can you believe that? 8-10 whole pages? Writing that much makes my hand cramp up just thinking about it. My teacher Mrs. Wilsononly makes us write one page for our weekly journal entries. I can't imagine writing 8 times that much!It also said the paper has to be double-spaced.Double-spaced means you have to hit the enter key twice after every line instead of just once. I've never heard of such a thing - doesn't that just make your paper super duper long for no reason? It seems like a huge waste of paper to me.And get this - it said the paper has to be in Times New Roman 12 point font. What?? Why do they have to use a specific font? And what's so great about Times New Roman anyway? That font is so boring. If I had to write a 10 page paper, I'd want to jazz it up with a fun font like Comic Sans or Papyrus. ButI guess universities are super strict about that kind of thing.The requirements just kept on going! It said you need 1-inch margins on all sides. Margins are just the blank space around the edges. Having to measure out the margins and make sure they're exactly 1 inch seems like a huge pain. Don't they have computers that can just do that automatically? Why make it so complicated?Oh, and it gets better - the essay has to have a cover page! With your name, the class name and number, the professor's name, and the date. That's just way too much information for acover page if you ask me. I mean, who cares about all that stuff? Just get right into the good stuff!According to the textbook, you also have to include a References or Works Cited page at the end to list any sources you used, like books or websites. That part makes sense I guess - my teacher always makes us write down the books we use for book reports so we don't accuse each other of copying. Although having an entire separate page for it seems overdone.But here's the weirdest part - the paper has to follow MLA style guidelines! I have no clue what MLA stands for or what its style guidelines even are. But it sounded super fancy and complicated. Probably just more picky rules about little things like how to format headings and in-text citations. Haven't these universities ever heard of just writing from the heart?The rest of the requirements were about the content and what the paper actually had to be about. It had some complicated prompts to choose from about analyzing a work of literature from the reading assignments. I can't even remember the last time I read a whole book, so I have no idea what the prompts were trying to say. From the little bit I understood, it seemed like you just had to pick apart some writer's short story or novel and describe the deeper meaning and significance. Nowonder Jessica complains so much about being an English major!Overall, I was just so confused by all these hyper-specific rules and requirements for one silly writing assignment. Don't they realize writing is supposed to be fun and creative? If I were a university student, I'd just want to write stories about mythical lands and dragon-slaying heroes - not essays analyzing the use of symbolism in some obscure 100-year-old novel. It all seemed so restrictive and tedious.But I guess that's just how things are at university. The teachers must really want to make sure their students can follow rules and instructions to a tee. And hey, if Jessica and all her university friends can power through writing crazy-long precisely formatted essays about boring topics, more power to them! I'll just stick to my weekly one-page journal entries for now. If Mrs. Wilson ever asks me to write 10 double-spaced pages in Times New Roman though, I'm dropping out of 3rd grade!篇6My Teacher Wants Me to Write a Really Long Essay!Hi friends! Today my teacher gave us a really big writing assignment. She wants us to write a huge essay for our universityEnglish textbook! It's supposed to be for Unit 3. I don't really know what a university textbook is, but it sounds super important.The assignment is to write an essay that is 2000 words long! That's so many words. I've never written anything that long before. Usually when my teacher asks me to write something, it's just a few sentences or maybe a short paragraph. But 2000 words is like a tiny book!My teacher said the essay has to be about the requirements for the writing section of Unit 3. I'm not really sure what that means, but I'll try my best to explain it how I understand it.First, she said the essay must be written in English. That makes sense since it's for an English textbook. I'm pretty good at English, but writing a whole 2000 word essay is going to be really hard. I'll probably have to look up a lot of words in the dictionary.Second, the teacher said the writing has to follow all the requirements exactly. I think that means I can't just write about whatever I want. I have to make sure I'm covering everything the assignment asks for. That's going to be tricky because there are a lot of different requirements.For example, one of the requirements is that the essay needs to have an introduction paragraph. The introduction has to clearly state the main idea or thesis of the essay. That's pretty easy, I just need to write a few sentences explaining what my essay will be about.Then, the essay needs to have at least three body paragraphs. Each body paragraph has to be about a different main point that supports the thesis from the introduction. The teacher said each body paragraph has to have plenty of details and examples to back up my points. Writing all those details and examples for three whole paragraphs is going to take forever!The requirements also say the essay needs to have transition words and phrases to connect the ideas between sentences and paragraphs. I'm not super sure what that means, but I think it's words like "additionally," "furthermore," "in contrast," etc. Using those will probably help make my writing flow better.Oh, and I can't forget about having a conclusion paragraph at the end! The conclusion has to restate the main idea from the introduction and summarize the key points from the body paragraphs. No new information is allowed in the conclusion though.The essay also has to be organized into a logical order that is easy for the reader to follow. That means I'll need a clear sequence for presenting my ideas rather than just jumping around between random points. Organizing my thoughts into a nice structure will be important.In addition to all those requirements about the content and organization, the teacher gave us some other rules too. For example, the essay has to be double-spaced with 1-inch margins. I'll also need to use a basic font like Times New Roman or Arial. Fonts with crazy styles like Comic Sans are not allowed.There are even rules about formatting things like my name, the class title, and date in the heading section. It all has to follow a specific format style, either MLA or APA. I'm not sure what those abbreviations mean, but I'll have to look up the guidelines for whichever one my teacher wants.Another big requirement is that the essay has to include citations for any outside sources that I use. If I take information from websites, books, or other materials, I have to give credit to those sources. The citations have to be in the proper MLA or APA format as well.The last major requirement is that I can't have any spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors! My essay has to be completelyfree of mistakes. That's going to be super hard for such a long essay. I'll definitely need to proofread it many times and maybe even have a parent help me.Phew, that's a lot of rules and requirements for one essay! I'm feeling a little overwhelmed but also motivated to do my best. It's a big challenge, but I'm going to try really hard. Wish me luck, friends! I've got a lot of writing ahead of me for this 2000 word university English essay assignment. Hopefully I can make my teacher proud!。
2024年高一英语学术研讨会交流语言单选题20题
2024年高一英语学术研讨会交流语言单选题20题1.The professor gave a fascinating ______ at the academic seminar.A.speechB.talkC.lectureD.address答案：C。
“speech”一般指正式的演讲；“talk”比较随意的谈话；“lecture”常指学术性的讲座，符合在学术研讨会的场景；“address”通常指正式的演说或致辞。
本题考查了名词的辨析及常用搭配。
2.The participants actively ______ in the discussion at the seminar.A.joinB.take partC.participateD.attend答案：C。
“join”一般后面跟组织、团体等；“take part”后面常加in，再加活动；“participate”也与“in”搭配，表示参与；“attend”侧重于出席，不一定积极参与讨论。
本题考查了动词的辨析及固定搭配。
3.During the seminar, many valuable ______ were put forward.A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.advicesD.thoughts答案：B。
“advice”是不可数名词，没有“advices”这种形式；“opinions”强调观点；“thoughts”侧重于想法；“suggestions”在学术研讨会场景下，提出的有价值的多是建议。
本题考查了名词的辨析及用法。
4.The seminar focused on various ______ of academic research.A.aspectsB.partsC.sectionsD.factors答案：A。
“parts”部分；“sections”章节；“factors”因素；“aspects”方面，学术研讨会聚焦学术研究的各个方面更符合语境。
人教版高中英语必修第一册 Welcome Unit Section Ⅲ
阅读理解
一、阅读第8页的课文,判断正(T)误(F) ( F )1.Ann is older than Thando. ( T )2.Thando likes reading books. ( F )3.Ann learns best by asking questions. ( T )4.Thando and Ann are from different countries. ( T )5.Ann plans to become an engineer in the future.
or through their companies. 他们给敬老院捐钱,要么是以个人的名义,要么是通过他们的 公司。
He came here in company with his parents. 他和父母一起来的。 Don't worry.I will keep you company. 不用担心。我会陪着你。
【合作探究】 读一读·细观察 阅读下列句子,写出居中黑体词的词性及含义 (1)Jane was my companion on the journey. 词性 __名__词____ 含义 ___伙__伴___ (2)He accompanied his father to hospital. 词性 __动__词____ 含义 ___陪__伴___
阅读鉴赏·一起思考
1.How does Li Ming organise his thoughts?(Page 7) 李明如何组织他的思路? ★organise vt.组织;筹备;安排;组建 vi.组建;成立 Our company planned to organise a picnic. 我们公司计划组织一次野餐。
3.I'm curious about everything.(Page 8) 我对一切事物都充满好奇。 ★curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的 The old woman is curious about other people's business. 这个老太太爱打听别人的事。 I'm curious to know if the news is true. 我很想知道这消息是不是真的。
学术道德与规范课程教学大纲
对于进入科研领域的青年学子，尤其是刚入学的硕士研究生和博士研究生，诚实守信、遵守科学研究的 基本规则和道德规范，是开启科学研究旅程的根本立足点和出发点，是关系到国家兴盛、民族声誉、科 研进步的基石。因此，有必要对学生开展学术道德与规范的教育。
学术道德与学术规范是所有科研人员在学术活动中必须遵循的行为准则和道德规范，该课程是环境科学 与工程学科各专业硕士研究生和博士研究生在开启科研之旅前的必修课。
1.5 学术道德规范的管理规定及措施
2. 文献的检索与管理 2.1 文献检索的方法和步骤 2.2 免费资源检索 2.3 中文数据库文献检索 2.4 外文数据库文献检索 2.5 文献管理与使用
3. 研究生学位论文撰写规范 3.1 学位论文撰写基础知识 3.2 学位论文结构
3. 研究生学位论文撰写规范 3.3 学位论文格式 3.4 学位论文撰写常见问题
journey.
This course mainly introduces the academic ethics that scientific and technological
课程内容英文简介
workers should follow, the retrieval and management methods technological literature, the writing standards of academic
follow in their academic activities. This course is a required course for master's and
doctoral students in environmental science and engineering before starting their research