青科成人教育《宏观经济学试题2》期末考试复习题及参考答案
宏观经济学期末考试试卷(附答案)
一、[请单击此处编辑题目] (每小题分，共分)一、选择题(本题包含30小题，每题？分，共？分)1．Real GDPa. evaluates current production at current prices.b. evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year inthe past.c. is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change from yearto year.d. is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services.2．The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order:a. choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket'scost, and compute the index.b. choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, andcompute the index.c. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year andcompute the index.d. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year andcompute the index.3．Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt rises from $8 to $10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buya. more milk and more T-shirts.b. more milk and fewer T-shirts.c. less milk and more T-shirts.d. less milk and fewer T-shirts.4．Which of the following is correct?a. Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones thathad the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago.b. Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth ratesduring the past 100 years.c. The ranking of countries by income changes substantially over time.d. Over the last 100 years, Japan had the highest real GDP growth rate, and now has the highest real GDPper person.5．Using the production function and notation in the text, K/L measuresa. natural resources per worker.b. human capital per worker.c. output per worker.d. physical capital per worker.6．Index fundsa. typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.b. typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.c. contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of industry.d. typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.7．In a closed economy, national saving equalsa. investment.b. income minus the sum of consumption and government expenditures.c. private saving plus public saving.d. All of the above are correct.8．At which interest rate is the present value of $162.24 two years from today equal to $150 today?a. 4 percentb. 5 percentc. 6 percentd. None of the above are correct to the nearest penny.9．Which of the following is incorrect?a. Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a dynamic economy.b. Although the unemployment created by sectoral shifts is unfortunate, in the long run such changes leadto higher productivity and higher living standards.c. At least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.d. In a typical month more than 5 percent of workers leave their jobs.10．Use the balance sheet for the following question.Last Bank of Cedar BendAssets LiabilitiesReserves $25,000 Deposits $150,000Loans $125,000If the reserve requirement is 10 percent, this banka. is in a position to make a new loan of $15,000.b. has less reserves than required.c. has excess reserves of less than $15,000.d. None of the above are correct.11．Which of the following lists ranks the Fed's monetary policy tools from most to least frequently used?a. discount rate changes, reserve requirement changes, open market transactionsb. reserve requirement changes, open market transactions, discount rate changesc. open market transactions, discount rate changes, reserve requirement changesd. None of the above lists ranks the tools correctly.12．A decrease in the money supply creates an excessa. supply of money that is eliminated by rising prices.b. supply of money that is eliminated by falling prices.c. demand for money that is eliminated by rising prices.d. demand for money that is eliminated by falling prices.13．Given a nominal interest rate of 6 percent, in which case would you earn the lowest after-tax real rate of interest?a. Inflation is 4 percent; the tax rate is 25 percent.b. Inflation is 3 percent; the tax rate is 20 percent.c. Inflation is 2 percent; the tax rate is 15 percent.d. The after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.14．In recent years, U.S. net capital outflow wasa. positive and net exports were negative.b. positive and net exports were positive.c. negative and net exports were negative.d. negative and net exports were positive.15．If a country has business opportunities that are relatively attractive to other countries, we would expect it to havea. both positive net exports and positive net capital outflow.b. both negative net exports and negative net capital outflow.c. positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.d. negative net exports and positive net capital outflow.16．On behalf of your firm, you make frequent trips to Hong Kong. You notice that you always have to pay more dollars to get enough local currency to get your hair styled than you have to pay to get your hair styled in the United States. This isa. inconsistent with purchasing-power parity, but might be explained by limited opportunities forarbitrage in hairstyling across international borders.b. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising more rapidly than prices inthe United States.c. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising less rapidly than prices in theUnited States.d. None of the above is correct.17．Ceteris paribus, if the Canadian real interest rate were to increase, Canadian net capital outflowa. and net capital outflow of other countries would rise.b. and net capital outflow of other countries would fall.c. would rise, while net capital outflow of other countries would fall.d. would fall, while net capital outflow of other countries would rise.18．If a government increases its budget deficit, then the real exchange ratea. and domestic investment rise.b. and domestic investment fall.c. rises and domestic investment falls.d. falls and domestic investment rises.19．Which of the following is the correct way to show the effects of a new import quota?a. shift the demand for loanable funds right, the supply of dollars for foreign exchange right, and thedemand for dollars leftb. shift the demand for loanable funds right, and the supply of dollars for foreign exchange leftc. shift the demand for dollars for foreign exchange leftd. None of the above is correct.20．A large and sudden movement of funds out of a country is calleda. arbitrage.b. capital flight.c. crowding out.d. capital mobility.21．Aggregate demand shifts right when the governmenta. raises personal income taxes.b. increases the money supply.c. repeals an investment tax credit.d. All of the above are correct.22．If people want to save more for retirementa. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts right.b. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate demand shifts right. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts left.d. aggregate demand shifts left. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts right.23．n the mid-1970s the price of oil rose dramatically. Thisa. shifted aggregate supply left.b. caused U.S. prices to fall.c. was the consequence of OPEC increasing oil production.d. All of the above are correct.24．Liquidity refers toa. the relation between the price and interest rate of an asset.b. the risk of an asset relative to its selling price.c. the ease with which an asset is converted into a medium of exchange.d. the sensitivity of investment spending to changes in the interest rate. 25．When the interest rate increases, the opportunity cost of holding moneya. increases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.b. increases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.c. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.d. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.26．Which of the following properly describes the interest rate effect?a. As the money supply increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.b. As the money supply increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.c. As the price level increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.d. As the price level increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.27．An increase in government spending initially and primarily shiftsa. aggregate demand right.b. aggregate demand left.c. aggregate supply right.d. neither aggregate demand nor aggregate supply.28．The reduction in demand that results when a fiscal expansion raises the interest rate is called thea. multiplier effect.b. crowding-out effect.c. accelerator effect.d. Riccardian equivalence effect.29．One determinant of the natural rate of unemployment is thea. rate of growth of the money supply.b. minimum wage rate.c. expected inflation rate.d. All of the above are correct.30．An increase in the expected rate of inflation shiftsa. only the short-run Phillips curve right.b. only the short-run Phillips curve left.c. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the right.d. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the left.二、判断题(本题包含20小题，每题？分，共？分)T 31．If nominal GDP is 10,000 and real GDP is 8,000 the GDP deflator is 125.F 32．International data on the history of real GDP growth rates shows that the rich countriesget richer and the poor countries get poorer.T 33．One of the reasons that African countries may have grown slower than other countries is that many have high barriers to trade.F 34．When the U.S. government is in debt, it follows that they have a deficit.F 35．The future value of $1 saved today is $1/(1 + r).T 36．The market for insurance is one example of reducing risk by using diversification.F 37．Someone who is without work but is not looking for work would be counted asunemployed by the BLS.T 38．Union workers earn about 10 percent to 20 percent more than similar workers who do not belong to unions.F 39．Because of the multiple tools at its disposal, the Fed is precise in its control of themoney supply.T 40．Inflation distorts savings because people pay taxes on their nominal rather than their real interest income.T 41．In an open economy, U.S. national savings can be less than U.S. investment.F 42．If the real interest rate were above the equilibrium rate, there would be a shortage ofloanable funds.T 43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.T 44．When output rises, unemployment falls.F 45．The explanations for the slopes of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curvesare the same as the explanations for the slope of demand and supply curves forspecific goods and services.T 46．A decrease in the price level makes consumers feel wealthier, so they purchase more. This logic helps explain why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward.T 47．In liquidity preference theory, an increase in the interest rate decreases the quantity of money demanded, but does not shift the money demand curve.T 48．In principle the government could increase the money supply or government expenditures to try to offset the effects of a wave of pessimism about the future of the economy.F 49．In the long run, the natural rate of unemployment depends primarily on the growth rate of the moneysupply.F 50．A policy change that reduced the natural rate of unemployment would shift both the long-runaggregate-supply curve and the long-run Phillips curve left.三、名词解释(本题包含5小题，每题？分，共？分)51．human capital:52．exports:53．trade policy:54．aggregate-demand curve:55．crowding-out effect:四、简答题(本题包含8小题，每题？分，共？分)56．Why is productivity related to the standard of living? In your answer be sure to explain what productivity and standard of living mean. Make a list of things that determine labor productivity.57．Draw and label a graph showing equilibrium in the market for loanable funds.58．Founders of the Federal Reserve were concerned that the Fed might form policy favorable to one part of the country or to a particular party. What are some ways that the organization of the Fed reflects suchconcerns?59．Suppose that monetary neutrality holds. Of the following variables, which ones do not change when the money supply increases?a. real interest ratesb. inflationc. the price leveld. real outpute. real wagesf. nominal wages60．The long-run trend in real GDP is upward. How is this possible given business cycles?What explains the upward trend?61．Discuss what economists believe is different about the long and short run.62．Suppose that consumers become pessimistic about the future health of the economy, andso cut back on their consumption spending. What will happen to aggregate demandand to output? What might the president and Congress have to do to keep outputstable?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?参考答案1.b2.c3.d4.c5.d6.d7.d8.a9.d 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.b 16.a 17.d 18.c 19.d 20.b 21.b 22.b 23.a 24.c25.b 26.d 27.a 28.b 29.b 30.a31.T 32.F 33.T 34.F 35.F 36.T 37.F 38.T 39.F 40.T 41.T 42.F 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.F 50.F51.the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience.52.goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad.53.a government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services thata country imports or exports.54.a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.55.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.56.The standard of living is a measure of how well people live. Income per person is animportant dimension of the standard of living and is positively correlated with other things such as nutrition and life expectancy that make people better off. Productivity measures how much people can produce in an hour. As productivity increases, people can produce more (and use less to produce the same amount) and so their standard of living increases.The factors that determine labor productivity include the amounts of physical capital (equipment and structures), human capital (knowledge and skills), and natural resources available to workers, as well as the state of technological knowledge insociety.57.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. The president appoints the Board of Governors, but the Senate must approve them.2. The seven members of the Board of Governors serve 14-year terms, so it is unlikelythat a single president will have appointed most of them.3. The Federal Reserve has 12 regional banks.4. The presidents of the regional banks serve on the FOMC on a rotating basis. 59. a. real interest ratesd. real outputd. real wages60.There are occasional short-lived periods of negative real GDP growth. However, in most years real GDP increases. The years of increase are more frequent and the increases large enough that over long periods of time real GDP increases despite the occasional declines. The long-run upward trend in real GDP is due to increases in the labor force and capital stock, and advances in technological knowledge.61.Most economists believe that in the long run, real variables are not affected by nominal variables. So, forexample, changes in the money supply do not change real variables in the long run. However, mosteconomists believe that nominal variables to do change real variables in the short run.62.As consumers become pessimistic about the future of the economy, they cut their expenditures so thataggregate demand shifts left and output falls. The president and Congress could adjust fiscal policy to increase aggregate demand. They could either increase government spending, or cut taxes, or both.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president andCongress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended.The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.。
高校宏观经济学期末考核习题及参考答案
高校宏观经济学期末考核习题及参考答案1. 选择题1.1 宏观经济学主要研究的是（）。
A. 国家经济发展的政策B. 单个公司的经济运作C. 不同行业的经济模式D. 整个国民经济的运行规律参考答案：D1.2 影响经济增长率的因素主要包括（）。
A. 基础设施建设B. 科技进步C. 人力资本投资D. 金融市场稳定参考答案：A、B、C1.3 以下哪个指标不属于计算国内生产总值（GDP）时考虑的范围（）。
A. 个人储蓄B. 政府支出C. 净出口D. 固定资本形成参考答案：A2. 简答题2.1 宏观经济学的基本概念是什么？请简要描述。
参考答案：宏观经济学是研究整个国家或地区经济体系的总体运行规律和宏观经济问题的学科。
它关注经济增长、就业、通货膨胀、货币政策等方面的问题，研究经济系统的总体运行和调控。
2.2 请简要解释什么是货币政策？参考答案：货币政策是指中央银行通过调整货币供应量和利率水平等手段来影响经济活动和价格水平的政策。
它旨在实现经济稳定和促进经济增长，通过调控货币供应和信贷规模，以及进行利率调整等策略来影响市场利率、借贷成本和金融市场活动。
3. 计算题3.1 根据以下数据，计算国家的消费水平和投资水平，并计算净出口。
消费支出：5000亿元政府支出：2000亿元投资支出：3000亿元国内生产总值（GDP）：10000亿元进口：1000亿元出口：1500亿元参考答案：消费水平 = 消费支出 = 5000亿元投资水平 = 投资支出 = 3000亿元净出口 = 出口 - 进口 = 1500亿元 - 1000亿元 = 500亿元总结：本文提供了高校宏观经济学期末考核的习题及参考答案。
习题包括选择题、简答题和计算题等。
选择题涵盖了宏观经济学的基本概念和影响经济增长率的因素等内容。
简答题要求对宏观经济学和货币政策进行简要描述和解释。
计算题要求根据给定数据计算国家的消费水平、投资水平和净出口。
通过完成这些习题，学生可以巩固对宏观经济学知识的理解和运用能力，为期末考核做好准备。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)
一、选择题(每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has not worked very well in practice.c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth.d. All of the above are correct.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is thea. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest rate a. and the real exchange rate increase. b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the following question, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market isillustrated as a move from a. a to b. b. a to c. c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is that a. aggregate demand shifts right. b. aggregate demand shifts left. c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve is a. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system a. increase, so the money supply increases. b. increase, so the money supply decreases. c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases. 26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes the a. interest rate and investment to rise. b. interest rate and investment to fall. c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.27．If the stock market crashes, a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply. b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply. c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c.5. d.15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, prices a. rise and unemployment falls. b. fall and unemployment rises. c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growthand inflation the economy will have a. higher unemployment and lower output. b. higher unemployment and higher output. c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has. 34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so thatstocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market. 43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run. 45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that outputsupplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate.三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns: 52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation: 55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, areserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not veryimportant factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes intotal output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas wouldbe longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分) 51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financialassets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a.A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are notsubject to federal income tax. b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk than government bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate rates of return.58.First National Bank of Me Assets Liabilities Reserves $800 Deposits$5,000Loans$4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)doc资料
一、选择题(每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has not worked very well in practice.c. Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth.d. All of the above are correct.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is thea. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest rate a. and the real exchange rate increase. b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the followingquestion, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market isillustrated as a move from a. a to b. b. a to c. c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is that a. aggregate demand shifts right. b. aggregate demand shifts left. c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. Inthe short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expect a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall. b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise. c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve is a. upward sloping. b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system a. increase, so the money supply increases. b. increase, so the money supply decreases. c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes thea. interest rate and investment to rise.b. interest rate and investment to fall.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise. 27．If the stock market crashes,a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing themoney supply.28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c. 5.d. 15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, pricesa. rise and unemployment falls.b. fall and unemployment rises.c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will havea. higher unemployment and lower output.b. higher unemployment and higher output.c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run.45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate. 三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns: 52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation: 55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, areserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors inexplaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes intotal output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分) 51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living. 57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are not subject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk thangovernment bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeAssets LiabilitiesReserves $800 Deposits $5,000Loans $4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
宏观经济学期末考试试题(含答案)
《宏观经济学》期末考试试题一、判断题（对的写“T”，错的写“F”；每小题1分，共10分）1.人均真实GDP是平均经济福利（生活水平）的主要衡量指标。
2.1963年美国的最低工资水平是每小时1.25美元，而2013年则为7.25美元，因而，在美国拿最低工资的人的生活水平大大提高了。
3.大多数失业是短期的，然而，大多数所观察到的失业是长期的。
4.通货膨胀并没有降低大多数工人的购买力。
5.家庭决定把大部分收入储蓄起来会使总供给曲线向左移动。
6.某人出售一幅旧油画所得到的收入应该计入当年的国内生产总值。
7.无论什么人，只要没有找到工作就是失业。
8.短期总供给不变时，总需求的变动会引起均衡的国内生产总值同方向变动，物价水平反方向变动。
9.扩张性货币政策的实行可以增加货币供给量，从而使利率水平提高。
10.总需求不足时，政府可以提高转移支付水平，以增加社会总需求。
二、简答题（每小题5分，共15分）1.列出并说明生产率的四个决定因素。
2.解释企业通过提高它所支付的工资增加利润的四种可能原因。
3.是什么因素可能引起总需求曲线向左移动？三、应用题（每小题5分，共20分）假设今年的货币供给是5 00亿美元，名义GDP是10万亿美元，而真实GDP是5万亿美元。
1.物价水平是多少？货币流通速度是多少？2.假设货币流通速度是不变的，而每年经济中物品与服务的产出增加5%。
如果美联储保持货币供给不变，明年的名义GDP和物价水平是多少？3.如果美联储想保持物价水平不变，它应该把明年的货币供给设定为多少？4.如果美联储想把通货膨胀率控制在10%，它应该把货币供给设定为多少？四、计算与分析说明题（每小题10分，共30分；要有计算步骤，否则扣分）b.把2015年作为基年，计算各年的真实GDP。
c.与2016年相比，2017年的名义GDP、真实GDP增长率各是多少？名义GDP增长率和真实GDP增长率孰大孰小？解释原因。
2.一个经济在产出低于其自然水平4000亿美元的水平上运行，而且财政政策制定者想弥补这种衰退性缺口。
《宏观经济学》试题.doc
2. AD —AS 模型 4 •财政政策的挤出效应《宏观经济学》试题（一）-、名词解释（24分）GDP 消费函数投资乘数 挤出效应法定准备金率 倾 销 二、 填空（16分）1. 按计算所采用的价格不同，GDP 可分为 _________ 和 ______ 。
2. 总需求的内容主要有 _____ 、 ______ 、 _____ 和 ______ 。
3. 边际消费倾向的计算公式是 __________ 。
4. 乘数的计算公式是 ______ 。
5. 自然失业的类型主要有 _____ 、 ____ 、 _____ 、 ____ 、 _____ 和 _____6. 经济周期的四个阶段是 ______ 、 _____ 、 _____ 、 ______ 。
7. 经济增长的基本特征是 _____ 、 ____ 、 _____ 、 ____ 、 _____ 、 _____ 8. 通货膨胀的种类主要有 ______ 、 _____ 、 _____ 与 ______ 。
三、 绘图（20分）1. IS —LM 模型3.紧缩性缺口 四、计算题（20分）1. 某年发牛了以上活动：（a ） 一银矿公司支付7. 5万美元给矿工开采了 50千克银卖给一-银器制造商，售价1070美元；（b ）银器制造商支付5万美元 工资给工人造了一批项链，卖给消费者，售价40万美元。
（1）用最终产殆牛产法计算GDP；（2）每个牛产阶段牛产多少价值？用增值法计算GD卩；（3）在牛产活动屮赚得的工资和利润各共为多少？用收入法计算GD卩。
2•假设某经济的消费函数为c二100+0. 8yd,投资i=50,政府购买性支出萨200 政府转移支付tr=62. 5 （单位均为10亿美元），税率t二0.25。
（1）求均衡收入。
（2）试求投资乘数、政府支出乘数、税收乘数、转移支付乘数、平衡预算乘数。
（3）假定该社会达到充分就业所需要的国民收入为1200,试问：1）增加政府购买；2）减少税收；3）增加政府购买和税收同一数额（以便预算平衡）实现充分就业，各需多少数额？五、简答题（20分）（任选一•题）1.简答通货膨胀的原因、种类、影响及对付通货膨胀的方法。
《宏观经济学》期末考试复习题附答案(参考)
一、单项选择第十二章国民收入核算1．下列关于GDP说法正确的是（③）①一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值②一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值③一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值④一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值2．某人收入为1000元，个人所得税200 元，政府补助150 元，则个人可支配收入为（②）①1350 元②950 元③650 元④1050元3．下列将计入当年GDP的一项是（③）①某人花10 万元购买一辆二手汽车②面包厂购买的面粉③某企业当年生产没有卖掉的20 万元产品④家庭妇女在家从事家务劳动4．如果一个社会体系的消费支出为9 亿元，投资支出为 1.2 亿元，间接税为 1 亿元，政府用于商品和劳务的支出为 2.5 亿元，出口额为3 亿元，进口额为 1.8 亿元，则下列正确的是（①）①GDP为13.9 亿元②GDP为12.9 亿元③NDP为13.9 亿元④NDP为12.9 亿元外国公民从该国取得的产值。
A、大于 B 、小于 C 、等于 D 、可能大于也可能小于6. 今年名义GDP大于去年的名义GDP，说明（ D ）A、今年的物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。
7．在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中，数值最小的是（ C ）A、国民生产净值； B 、个人收入；C、个人可支配收入；D、国民收入8、一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为（ B ）A、国民生产净值；B、实际国内生产总值；C、名义国内生产总值； D 、潜在国内生产总值9、在统计中，社会保险税增加对( D ) 项有影响。
A、国内生产总值(GＤＰ) ； B 、国内生产净值( ＮＤＰ) ；C、国民收入(NＩ) ； D 、个人收入(PＩ) 。
宏观经济期末考试题及答案
宏观经济期末考试题及答案# 宏观经济期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要问题包括：A. 个人消费行为B. 企业生产决策C. 国民收入水平D. 价格水平答案：C2. 根据凯恩斯理论，当经济处于：A. 充分就业状态时，财政政策无效B. 非充分就业状态时，财政政策有效C. 通货膨胀状态时，货币政策无效D. 经济衰退时，货币政策无效答案：B3. 货币供应量增加，按照货币数量论，将导致：A. 利率上升B. 国民收入增加C. 价格水平上升D. 失业率上升答案：C4. 经济增长的长期趋势主要取决于：A. 政府支出B. 货币政策C. 技术水平D. 人口增长率答案：C5. 以下哪项不是货币政策工具？A. 利率调整B. 公开市场操作C. 法定准备金率D. 财政支出答案：D...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 解释什么是菲利普斯曲线，并简述其在宏观经济政策中的应用。
答案：菲利普斯曲线是描述失业率与通货膨胀率之间关系的经济理论，通常表现为二者之间的负相关关系，即失业率较低时，通货膨胀率较高，反之亦然。
在宏观经济政策中，政府和中央银行可以利用菲利普斯曲线来制定政策，通过调整货币供应量或财政支出来影响经济，实现低失业率和低通货膨胀率的平衡。
2. 描述什么是“挤出效应”，并给出一个可能的情境。
答案：挤出效应是指政府增加财政支出时，通过提高利率或减少私人投资，导致私人部门的经济活动减少的现象。
例如，当政府为了刺激经济而增加公共支出时，可能会推高利率，使得企业和个人借贷成本上升，从而减少他们的投资和消费，这就会减少私人部门的经济活动。
3. 解释什么是“乘数效应”，并给出一个例子。
答案：乘数效应是指初始支出的变化通过连锁反应导致总需求的更大变化的现象。
例如，政府在经济衰退期间增加公共工程支出，这将直接创造就业和收入，而这些收入的增加又会促使人们增加消费，进一步刺激经济活动，最终导致总需求的增长远大于初始的政府支出。
《宏观经济学》期末考试试卷附答案
《宏观经济学》期末考试试卷附答案一、单选题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）1.在一个有家庭、企业、政府和国外部门构成的四部门经济中，GDP是（）的总和。
A.消费、总投资、政府购买和净出口；B. 消费、净投资、政府购买和净出口；C. 消费、总投资、政府购买和总出口；D.工资、地租、利息、利润和折旧。
2.下列项目中，（）不是要素收入。
A.总统薪水；B.股息；C.企业对灾区的捐献；D.银行存款者取得的利息。
3.一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000元；而当其收入为6000时，其消费支出为6000元。
在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
A.2/3；B.3/4；C.4/5；D.1；4.假设消费者在T年（退休前）时预计退休后每年可得额外的退休金10 000元，根据生命周期假说，该消费者与原来相比较，将（）。
A.在退休前不改变，退休后每年增加10 000元消费；；B. 在退休前增加10 000元消费，退休后不再增加消费；C. 以T年起至生命结束每年增加消费10 000元；D. 将退休后可得到的退休金额均匀地用于增加T年以后的消费中。
5.如果灵活偏好曲线接近水平状，这意味着（）.A.利率稍有变动，货币需求就会大幅度变动；B.利率变动很大时，货币需求也不会有很大变动；C.货币需求丝毫不受利率的影响；D.以上三种情况都有可能；6.投资往往是易变的，其主要原因之一是（）.A.投资在很大程度上取决于企业家的预期；B.消费需求变化得反复无常以至于影响投资；C.政府开支代替投资，而政府开支波动剧烈；D.利率水平波动相当剧烈。
7.若消费函数为C=40+0.8Yd，净税收T=20，投资I=70-400r，净税收增加10单位使IS曲线（）.A.右移10单位；B.左移10单位；C.右移40单位；D.左移40单位.8.中央银行有多种职能，只有（）不是其职能.A.制定货币政策；B.为成员银行保存储备；C. 发行货币；D. 为政府赚钱9.利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线左下方、LM曲线的左上方的区域中，则表示（）.A.投资小于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；B.投资小于储蓄，且货币供给小于货币需求；C.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；D.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求大于货币供给.10.在下述何种情况下，会产生挤出效应（）.A.货币供给的下降提高利率，从而挤出了对利率敏感部门的私人支出；B.对私人部门税收的增加引起私人部门可支配收入和支出的下降；C. 政府支出增加使利率提高，从而挤出了私人部门的支出；D.政府支出的下降导致消费支出的下降。
宏观经济学习题二及答案
宏观经济学习题二及答案（二）三、简答题（5*4分二20分，共20分）1、简答人们持有货币的三种动机和代数式？人们持有货币的动机①交易动机:②谨慎动机（LL二Ky）（3 分）（③投机动机（L2二L2 （「））（2分）2、流动性偏好是什么？——是指由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁肯以牺牲利息收入而储存不生息的货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
3、MO Ml M2具体指什么？M0二流通中现金Ml二M0十企业活期存款M2 = M 1+企业定期存款4、为什么利率下降会使投机货币需求增加？当利率降低，债券价格会升高，此时人们会更偏好持有货币，因此投机性需求会增加。
四、计算题（5*3分二25分）1、若货币交易需求为□二0.20Y,货币投机性需求L2-2000-*****ro1）写出货币总需求函数。
2）当利率=6%,收入Y亿美元时货币需求量为多少？答案：1） L 二L1+ L2二0.20丫十2000十*r （2 分）2） L二1000 （3分）2、若真实货币需求L二0.2Y,名义M二200, C 90 0.8Yd, TO50,l=140-5r,G==50.P二1求⑴IS、LM方程;（2）均衡的国民收入和利率 2. （1） y二C十I十G:y二90十0.8yd+140-5叶50 =90+0.8 （y-TO） +140-5r+50 =o.8y-5r+240IS 方程：y=1200-25rLM 方程：0.2y二200 （3 分）（2） y二1000,「二8 （2 分）3、若货币需求L2二丫，L2=-5r；名义M=2000, , C 90 0.8Yd, TO 50,l = 100-5r. G二二50.P二20。
求均衡的国民收入和利率。
y 二90 十0.8yd 十140-5 叶50=90+0.8 （y-TO） +100-5叶50y二2000-25「，Y-5r二100「二3 （3 分）y-925 （2分）五、案例分析题（15分）2、20月13 0,2021年9:9月末广义货币M2同比增长24.8%,狭义货币Ml同比增长7.3%,如果其他条件不变，试画图并且用文字分析均衡利率的变化。
宏观经济学期末期末试卷及答案
宏观经济学期末试卷一、单项选择题（每题1分，共30分）1.在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：（）A.国内生产净值B.个人收入C.个人可支配收入D.国民收入E.国内生产总值2.下列哪一项应计入GDP中：（）A.面包厂购买的面粉B.购买40股股票C.家庭主妇购买的面粉D.购买政府债券E.以上各项都不应计入3.计入GDP的有：（）A.家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B.拍卖毕加索作品的收入C.出神股票的收入D.晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E.从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4.在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是（）A.投资B.储蓄C.净税收D.进口5.政府支出乘数（）A.等于投资乘数B.比投资乘数小1C.等于投资乘数的相反数D.等于转移支付乘数E.以是说法都不正确6.在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是（）A.边际消费倾向为0.7B.边际储蓄倾向为0.2C.边际储蓄倾向为0.4D.边际储蓄倾向为0.3 7.国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入（）A.增加100亿元B.减少100亿元C.增加500亿元D.减少500亿元8.如果政府支出增加（）A.对IS曲线无响应B.IS曲线向右移动C.IS曲线向左移动D.以上说法都不正确9.政府税收的增加将（）A.对IS曲线无响应B.IS曲线向右移动C.IS曲线向左移动D.以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是（）A.投资大于储蓄B.投资小于储蓄C.投资等于储蓄D.无法确定11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致（）A.收入增加、利率上升B.收入增加、利率下降C.收入减少、利率上升D.收入减少、利率下降12.一般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致（）A.收入增加、利率上升B.收入增加、利率下降C.收入减少、利率上升D.收入减少、利率下降13.如果现行产出水平为10万亿元，总需求为8万亿，可以断定，若经济不是充分就业，那么：（）A.就业水平将下降B.收入水平将上升C.收入和就业水平将均衡D.就业量将上升E.就业水平将上升，收入将下降14.在流动陷阱（凯恩斯陷阱）中（）A.货币政策和财政政策都十分有效B.货币政策和财政政策都无效C.货币政策无效，财政政策有效D.货币政策有效，财政政策无效E.以上说法都不正确15.如果实施扩张性的货币政策，中央银行可采取的措施是（）A.卖出国债B.提高法定准备金比率C.降低再贴现率D.提高再贴现率16.如果名义利率为6%，通货膨胀率为12%，那么实际利率是（）A.6%B.18%C.12%D.-6%17.自发投资增加10亿元，会使IS曲线（）A.右移10亿元B.左移10亿元C.右移10亿元乘以支出乘数D.左移10亿元乘以乘数18.由于经济萧条而出现的失业属于（）A.摩擦性失业B.结构性失业C.周期性失业D.自愿性失业19.如果某人刚进入劳动力队伍尚未找到工作，这是属于（）A.摩擦性失业 B.结构性失业C.周期性失业D.自愿性失业20.根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于实际增长率，经济将：（）A.累积性扩张B.累积性萧条C.均衡增长D.无法确定21.在现代经济中，收入和就业主要取决于：（）A.总供给B.总需求C.政府行为D.进出口数量22.在古典区域内（）A.货币政策无效，财政政策有效B.财政政策无效，货币政策有效C.财政政策和货币政策都十分有效D.财政政策和货币政策都无效23.如果政府支出的增加与政府转移支付的减少数额相同时，收入水平会（）A.增加B.不变C.减少D.无关24.其他条件不变，总需求曲线（）A.政府支出增加会右移B.政府税收增加会右移C.价格水平上升会右移D.政府支出增加会左移25.自然失业率（）A.等于0B.是随价格水平的变化而变化的C.是经济处于潜在产出水平时的失业率D.是没有摩擦性失业时的失业率26.如果投资对利率是完全无弹性的，由于货币供给的增加，LM曲线的移动将：（）A.不增加收入，但降低利率B.提高收入水平并降低利率C.提高收入水平和利率D.增加投资，因而增加收入27.在LM曲线不变的情况下，IS曲线越平坦，则（）A.财政政策效果好；B.货币政策效果好C.财政政策与货币政策效果一样好D.无法确定28.在LM曲线左上方和IS曲线右上方的区域中（）A.储蓄小于投资，货币供给大于货币需求B.储蓄大于投资，货币供给大于货币需求C.储蓄大于投资，货币供给小于货币需求D.储蓄小于投资，货币供给小于货币需求29.在LM曲线右下方和IS曲线右上方的区域中（）A.储蓄小于投资，货币供给大于货币需求B.储蓄大于投资，货币供给大于货币需求C.储蓄大于投资，货币供给小于货币需求D.储蓄小于投资，货币供给小于货币需求30.菲利浦斯曲线描述_______增加的关系（）A.失业与通货膨胀 B.失业与产量C.总需求与总供给D.通货膨胀与产量二、判断题（本题型共15题。
宏观经济学二套总复习参考答案
宏观经济学（二）总复习一、名词：通货膨胀P510一个经济中大多数商品和劳务的价格连续在一段时间内普遍上涨。
摩擦性失业P505是指在生产过程中由于难以避免的摩擦而造成的短期、局部性失业。
边际储蓄倾向（MPS）P387是指每增加一单位收入中用于增加的储蓄部分的比率。
经济周期P567又称商业周期或商业循环，是指国民总产出、总收入和总就业的波动。
相机抉择财政政策（斟酌使用的或权衡性的财政政策）P462政府审时度势，主动采取一些财政措施，变动支出水平或税收以稳定总需求水平，使之接近物价稳定的充分就业水平。
充分就业P458在广泛的意义上是指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自己愿意的报酬参加生产的状态。
滞涨全称停滞性通货膨胀(Stagflation)，“滞”是指经济增长停滞，“胀”是指通货膨胀。
在经济学，特别是宏观经济学中，特指经济停滞(Stagnation)与高通货膨胀(Inflation)，失业以及不景气同时存在的经济现象。
通俗的说就是指物价上升，但经济停滞不前。
它是通货膨胀长期发展的结果。
货币政策 P440是政府货币当局即中央银行通过银行体系变动货币供给量来调节总需求的政策。
失业率P504是指劳动力中没有工作而又在寻找工作的人所占的比例，失业率的波动反映了就业的波动情况。
货币供给P424狭义的货币供给是指硬币、纸币和银行活期存款的总和（M1）。
加上定期存款，便是广义的货币供给（M2）。
再加上个人和企业所持有的政府债券等流动资产或“货币近似物”，便是意义更广泛的货币供给（M3）。
二、简答：1、充分就业的失业率 P458也称自然失业率，就是指在没有货币因素影响下，劳动力市场和商品市场自发供求力量发挥作用时应有的处于均衡状态的失业率，也就是充分就业情况下的失业率。
包括摩擦性失业和结构性失业。
摩擦性失业是在生产过程中，由于暂时的不可避免的摩擦而导致的失业。
结构性失业是劳动力供给结构与劳动力需求结构不一致造成的失业。
(完整版)宏观经济学期末试卷和答案
.一、 1、在一般状况下，公民收入核算系统中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、公民收入E、国内生产总值2、以下哪一项应计入GDP 中：A、面包厂购置的面粉B、购置 40 股股票C、家庭主妇购置的面粉D、购置政府债券E、以上各项都不该计入。
3、计入 GDP 的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、入迷股票的收入D、夜晚为街坊照看小孩的收入E、从政府那边获取的困难补贴收入4、在以下各项中，属于经济中的注入要素是A 、投资； B、积蓄； C、净税收； D、入口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小 1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下状况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边沿花费偏向为；B、边沿积蓄偏向为；C、边沿积蓄偏向为；D、边沿积蓄偏向为。
7、公民花费函数为C=80+0.8Y ，假如花费增添100 亿元，公民收入A、增添 100亿元；B、减少100 亿元；C、增添 500亿元；D、减少500 亿元。
8、假如政府支出增添A、对 IS 曲线无响应B、 IS 曲线向右挪动C、 IS 曲线向左挪动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增添将A、对 IS 曲线无响应B、 IS 曲线向右挪动C、 IS 曲线向左挪动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于 IS 曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是A、投资大于积蓄；B、投资小于积蓄；C、投资等于积蓄；D、没法确立。
11、当经济中未达到充足就业时，假如LM 曲线不变，政府支出增添会致使A、收入增添、利率上涨；B、收入增添、利率降落；C、收入减少、利率上涨；D、收入减少、利率降落。
12、一般地，在 IS 曲线不变时，钱币供应减少会致使A、收入增添、利率上涨；B、收入增添、利率降落；C、收入减少、利率上涨；D、收入减少、利率降落。
13、假如现行产出水平为10 万亿元，总需求为 8 万亿，能够判定，若经济不是充足就业，那么：A、就业水平将降落B、收入水平将上涨C、收入和就业水平将平衡D、就业量将上涨E、就业水平将上涨，收入将降落14、在流动圈套（凯恩斯圈套）中A、钱币政策和财政政策都十分有效B、钱币政策和财政政策都无效C、钱币政策无效，财政政策有效D、钱币政策有效，财政政策无效E、以上说法都不正确15、假如实行扩充性的钱币政策，中央银行可采纳的举措是A、卖出国债；B、提升法定准备金比率；C、降低再贴现率；D、提升再贴现率；16、假如名义利率为6%，通货膨胀率为12%，那么实质利率是A、6%； B、 18%； C、 12%；D 、 -6%。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2附答案教学内容
) 分分，共每小题 1 30 一、选择题(Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keep their children in school has b. 分得not worked very well in practice.评卷人Policies designed to prevent imports from other countries generally increase economic growth.c.All of the above are correct.d.Use the following table to answer the following question. 1．In the United States real GDP is reportednumbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for b.seasonal variations are made.These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted. c.Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. WhatThese numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.d.was the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the ．2 a. $912,840,000 CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by b. $91,284,000more than 1 percent. a. c. $9,128,400less than 1 percent. b. d. $912,8401 percent.c.7．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.d.6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and national If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, 3．saving?the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. 1500, 1000, 500more than 2 percent. a. b. 1000, 500, 15002 percent. b. c. 500, 1500, 1000less than 2 percent. c. d. None of the above are correct.All of the above are correct.d.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longThe traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to 4．period of time, we would expect thatconstant returns. a. a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person.increasing returns. b. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.diminishing returns.c. c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for highd. person.levels of capital.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.Which of the following is correct? ．5Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.a. The natural rate of unemployment is the．9．a. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation. d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.b. 15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.c. of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.d. of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollar 10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Itsb. required reserves are an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. b.$50.a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goods a. $5.d. All of the above are correct.16 d.$950.．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question. c. $95.Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve11．Country Currency Currency per U.S. Price Country ratio ofU.S. Dollar Index Price Index 5 percent a. BrazilReal 4.00 200 800 9.5 percent b. Japan Yen 125.00 200 50,00010 percentc. Mexico Peso 10.00 200 2,000Sweden Krona 9.00 200 2,000 None of the above is correct.d.ThailandBaht45.002008,000The inflation tax ．12In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)? transfers wealth from the government to households. a.a. Brazil and Mexicois the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation. b.b. Japan, Sweden, and Thailand is a tax on everyone who holds money.c.c. Japan and Sweden All of the above are correct.d.d. Thailand.In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused ．1317．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market ofan unexpected price levelthe open-economy macroeconomic model to the left? decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors. a.a. The exchange rate rises. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.b.b. The exchange rate falls.increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors. c.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.d.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in 14．18．The real exchange rate equals the relative the United States. By itself, this salea. price of domestic and foreign currency. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports. a.b. price of domestic and foreign goods. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.b.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.c.None of the above is correct.d.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds a. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. increases, the interest rate the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same. a. and the real exchange rate increase.d. and the real exchange rate decrease.All of the above are possible.b.increases and the real exchange rate decreases. c. 23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of decreases and the real exchange rate increases.d. skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity question, use the graph below.20．For the following production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve isa. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking system illustrated as a move froma. increase, so the money supply increases. a tob. a.b. increase, so the money supply decreases. a toc. b.c. decrease, so the money supply increases. c to b. c.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases. c to d.d.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes the When thegovernment spends more, the initial effect is that ．21 a. interest rate and investment to rise. aggregate demand shifts right. a.b. interest rate and investment to fall. aggregate demand shifts left. b.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall. aggregate supply shifts right. c.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.aggregate supply shifts left.d.27．If the stock market crashes, Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a ．22 a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply. sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx ofb. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply. immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. Inc. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply. the short run, we would expectaggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.d.28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier is stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.5/2. b. a. 5/3. 37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a 15.d.c.5. higher unemployment rate.If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, prices 29．38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that rise and unemployment falls. a. are below the equilibrium level.fall and unemployment rises. b.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money and unemployment rise. c.in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply and unemployment fall.d.increases, cerise parousia.If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth 30．40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.and inflation the economy will havehigher unemployment and lower output. a. 41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods perhigher unemployment and higher output. b. unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.lower unemployment and lower output. c.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market. lower unemployment and higher output.d.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.) 分，共 1 20 分每小题二、判断题(得分Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run. 44．评卷人Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level ．45leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales andWhen an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part 31．induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.of U.S. GDP.All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output．46In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their ．32supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift 47．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has. ．33farther than the increase in government expenditures.Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, 34．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.．48and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and nationalsaving are both $1 billion.If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in 49．the short run.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market ．35price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact 50．on the unemployment rate.According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that．36．United States?) 2 分，共 10 分三、名词解释(每小题分得．63Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.评卷人diminishing returns: ．51)分题；每小题 10 分，共 10 五、讨论题(2题中任选1nominal exchange rate: ．52crowding-out effect: ．53 stagflation: 54．automatic stabilizers: 55．64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affectconsumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in5分，共6简答题四、( 8题中任选题；每小题total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting 分得) 30 分effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply.评卷人65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Rooseveltbefore the shopping period week earlier than usual so that a proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall aggregate demand and using the model of aggregate this Christmas would be longer. Explain decision, ．56Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living?supply.．57Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. What 《宏观经济学》答题纸sort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices.I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk. a.I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it.b.I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breaksc. 楨桧祬尮．58Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000of deposits, a一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分) reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reservesof $300.得分．59What are the costs of inflation?评卷人．60Make a list of things that would shiftthe long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.1. 2. 3.4. 5. ．61Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflationwith aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.6. 7. 8. 9.10.．62Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very11. 12. 13. 14. 15.important factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.54．recession:1 ；每小题错误用；“F”二、判断题(正确用“T”得分) 20 分，共分评卷人automatic stabilizers:．5531. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.分；答题时 30 题；每小题 5分，共( 8四、简答题题中任选6得分)请标明题号评卷人)(三、名词解释每小题 10 分，共分 2 得分评卷人catch-up effect: 51．depreciation: ．52capital flight: 53．分得分；答题时请 10 10 分，共题；每小题讨论题五、(2题中任选1)标明题号评卷人《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案a 2.d 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.b 7.b 8.d 9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b24.c1.25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T 51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate andthereby reduces investment spending. 54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If anindividual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, orstart new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financialassets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and willreduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are nota.57.subject to federal income tax.A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return. b.A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk than c.government bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeLiabilities Assets $5,000DepositsReserves $800 Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the $4,200Loansmoney supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure onthe price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices. 59.The costs of inflation include shoeleather costs, the cost of reducing your moneyholdings to reduce your inflation tax; menu costs, the costs of price adjustments; the 62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion andlead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth thatimportant in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of accompany unexpected inflation.U.S. GDP. 60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits,than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The technology, and removal of barriers to international trade. increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money. 61.See graph.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
《宏观经济学》期末考试试题
《宏观经济学》期末考试试题请将试题答案全部写在答题纸上1、名词解释（共6个, 每题3分, 合计18分）2、国内生产总值（GDP）3、摩擦性失业4、总需求5、自生支出乘数6、菲利普斯曲线7、边际消费倾向填空题（共22个空, 每题1分, 合计22分）1.宏观经济学的研究对象包括（）、（）、（）、（）、（）和（）。
2、用总支出衡量国民收入的方法, GDP可以分为（）、（）、（）和（）四个部分。
3.宏观总量的短期均衡的三种情况分别是（）、（）和（）。
4.造成国际间利率差异的原因主要有（）和（）两个。
5.企业的总投资取决于（）、（）、（）和（）。
6.中央银行调节货币供给的工具主要有（）、（）和（）。
1、简答题（共5题, 每题6分, 共30分）2、宏观经济中, 如果政府购买的变动会对国民投资和储蓄产生什么样的影响？3、对于未预期到的通货膨胀, 会对经济关系中借款者与贷款者以及工人与雇主之间产生怎样的影响？4、小国开放经济模型中, 不同的经济政策对该国贸易产生何种影响？5、请简单画出IS曲线和LM曲线的形状, 并分析两条曲线倾斜方向的原因。
6、请简要回答凯恩斯消费理论的主要内容。
1、论述题（共两题, 每题10分, 共20分）2、索洛模型中, 人口增长的变化以及技术进步和劳动效率的提高会对该模型以及实际产出产生怎样的改变？3、请作图描述影响短期总供给曲线的变动的因素以及具体的变动情况。
计算题（共2题, 每题5分, 共10分）1.根据奥肯定律, 如要使一国失业率由7%降到4%, 那么实际GDP的增长率要增长多少？2、一个生产企业向一个租赁企业租借一台10万元的机器一年, 一年后出租企业在市场上将这台机器卖掉了, 年利率是8%。
由于机器的磨损, 卖价降低, 折旧率为20%。
如果在这一年里机器的价格上涨了5%。
则生产企业需要向租赁企业支付的租用成本是多少？请写出计算公式并计算说明。
参考答案一、名词解释1.国内生产总值（GDP）——是一定时期内（通常是一年）一国境内所产出的全部最终产品和服务的价值总和。
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案山东经济学院《宏观经济学》试卷一、单项选择题:(以下各题的备选答案中,只有一项是正确的。
将正确的序号填在括号内。
)1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中：A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买40股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。
3、计入GDP的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为0.7；B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2；C、边际储蓄倾向为0.4；D、边际储蓄倾向为0.3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入A、增加100亿元；B、减少100亿元；C、增加500亿元；D、减少500亿元。
8、如果政府支出增加A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是A、投资大于储蓄；B、投资小于储蓄；C、投资等于储蓄；D、无法确定。
11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
12、一般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案 A 卷一、名词解释题本题型共5题。
每题2分共10分将答案写在答题纸上1国民生产总值 2. 消费函数 3. 充分就业 4 经济周期 5. 菲利普斯曲线二、单项选择题本题型共30题。
每题正确答案只有一个从每题的备选答案中选出正确的答案将其英文字母编号填入答题纸上相应的空格内。
每题1分共30分1、今年的名义国内生产总值大于去年的名义国内生产总值说明 A.、今年物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务的总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。
2、一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值说明该国公民从外国取得的收入外国公民从该国取得的收入 A.、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于。
3、两部门的均衡是A: IS B: IGST C: IGXSTM D: ADAS。
4、一般地说通货膨胀会使。
A债权人受损债务人受益B债权人受益债务人受损C债权人和债务人都受益D债权人和债务人都受损。
5、在货币总量不变条件下当物价上升货币投机需求减少利率上升从而抑制投资需求和居民信贷消费需求导致产出的下降这种效应被称为 A. 净出口效应 B. 利率效应 C.实际余额效应 D.财富效应。
6、总需求曲线向下倾斜的原因之一是 A. 随着价格水平下降家庭的实际财富下降他们将增加消费 2 B. 随着价格水平上升家庭的实际财富下降他们将减少消费 C.随着价格水平下降家庭的实际财富上升他们将减少消费 D. 随着价格水平上升家庭的实际财富上升他们将增加消费。
7、在LM曲线即定时扩张性的财政政策使IS曲线向。
A: 上移B: 下移C: 不变D: 无联系。
8、假设银行利率为6在下列几项投资中投资者应该选择 A.类投资的平均资本收益率最高的是 2 B.类投资的平均资本收益率最高的是 5 C.类投资的平均资本收益率最高的是8 D.无法确定。
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20 学年第 一 学期 宏观经济学 课程考试试题（B ）卷 补考
继续教育学院
（答案写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上无效）
一、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分，正确的用T 表示，错误的用F 表示）
1.在2009年生产在2010年第一次出售的一辆新汽车，应该计入2010年的GDP ，因为当它第一次出售时才作为一种最终物品。
（ ）
2.投资于人力资本和技术会带来极高的生产率，因为有正的溢出效应。
（ ）
3.在一个封闭经济中，无论储蓄来自公共还是私人来源，投资总是等于储蓄。
（ ）
4.根据70规则，如果你的收入每年增长7%，10年后收入会翻一番。
（ ）
5.在长期中，货币供给增加倾向于影响真实变量，但不影响名义变量。
（ ）
6.自然失业率是即使在长期中它本身也不能消除的失业量。
（ ）
7.如果有百分之百准备金银行，那么货币供给不受公众选择以通货或存款持有的货币比例的影响。
（ ）
,8.如果一箱百事可乐在美国是8美元，而在日本是720日元，那么根据购买力平价理论，日元与美元的真实汇率应该是每美元5760日元。
（ ）
9.一国的资本净流出（NCO ）等于其净出口（NX ）。
（ ）
10.总需求曲线向右下方倾斜的一个原因是财富效应：物价水平下降增加了货币持有量的价值并增加了消费支出。
（ ）
二、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）
1.如果一个鞋匠购买了100美元的皮鞋和50美元的线，并用它们制作成鞋，向消费者出售的价格为500美元，那么对GDP 的贡献为：（ ）
拟题人: 拟题学院（系）:
A.50美元
B.100美元
C.500美元
D.600美元
2.预算盈余增加使：（）
A.可贷资金供给向右移动，并提高了真实利率
B.可贷资金供给向左移动，并提高了真实利率
C.可贷资金供给向左移动，并降低了真实利率
D.可贷资金供给向右移动，并降低了真实利率
3.即使工资处于竞争均衡水平，也将存在以下哪一种类型的失业？（）
A.由最低工资法引起的失业
B.由工会引发的失业
C.由效率工资引发的失业
D.摩擦性失业
4.假设Joe把在A银行的1000美元的活期存款转到B银行。
如果法定准备金率是10%，那么由于Joe的行为，活期存款的潜在变动是多少？（）
A.1000美元
B.9000美元
C.10000美元
D.0美元
5．现行利率上升( )
A.减少了投资未来收益的现值，并减少了投资
B.减少了投资未来收益的现值，并增加了投资
C.增加了投资未来收益的现值，并减少了投资
D.增加了投资未来收益的现值，并增加了投资
6.以下哪一项减少的投资组合风险最大( )
A.在投资组合中，把股票数量从1增加到10
B.在投资组合中，把股票数量从10增加到20
C.在投资组合中，把股票数量从20增加到30
D.以上各项都提供了等量的风险
7.经济中正常存在的失业量称为：( )。