定语从句基础

高中语法精讲：定语从句（关系代词）定语从句：在句子中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的名词，叫先行词。

其后的从句就是定语从句。

由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。

关系代词：在从句中做一定的成分，代替先行词，起到连接先行词和从句的作用。

常用的关系代词：that, who, which, whom, whoseThe girl whom/that I spoke to is my cousin.关系代词的作用有三个：1.连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来；2.替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代他前面的先行词；3.成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。

a.先行词是人的话用that, who, whom, whose来引导1.They are the people that/who were seen yesterday.2.They are the people whom/that/who I saw yesterday.3.They are the people whose wallets were lost yesterday.b.先行词是动物/事物的话，用which, that, whose来引导定语从句。

Which, that 在从句中可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略。

1.He came back for the book which/that he had forgotten.2.He came back for the book which/that was on the desk.（注意：the + 名词 + of which/whom常考！）1.He was the person joined the army that year.2.He is the man wife is a teacher.3.This is the dictionary cover has come off.4.This is the househe once lived in.5.The boys are playing football are from Class One.6.Yesterday I helped an old man lost his way.7.Mr. Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.8.The man you met just now is my friend.9.Football is a game is liked by most boys.10.This is the penhe bought yesterday.11.The number of the people come to visit the city each year rises one million.12.The classroom door is broken will soon be repaired.13.The classroom the door is broken will soon be repaired.14.Do you like the book cover is yellow?15.Do you like the book the color the cover is yellow?三.介词+关系代词whom/which引导的定语从句（重点！）关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is ver y famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a mag azine for which you asked.(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of 等 (1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T) (2) The man who/that you talked with is my frie nd. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词，构成some ofwhich/whom等类似结构引导的定语从句。

(重点：常考！)(1) He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) There are forty student s in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 在特定语境中，可以用“介词+ whose/where”引导定语从句The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.“从门后面” from behind the door “从海那边”from across the sea四．关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally ca me.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，此时先行词常为reason。

可变为for which（常考！） why=for which(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up . (3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has ta ken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw i t last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago. 10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now. 13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singe r.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in. 15. Is that the woman? Her daughter i s in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees. 17. They passed a factory. At the ba ck of the factory there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple. 20. She came into a big roo m. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil ____ ____ ________ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of Engl ish.5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.三、选择填空：1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. who B. which C. whom D. when2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten. A. that B. which C. what D. as4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily? A. when B. where C. wh ich D. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week. A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as 6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when 7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The man ____ you talked ju st now is a worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man ____ you are going to make friend s is my father’s neighbour. A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which 11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is ta lking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 可以用“及物动词法”做从句题：判断及物动词的方法：“我…它”，“它被我…”及物动词只有 2种用法：（1）加宾语；（2）用于被动语态定语从句少“主语”/“宾语”：一定用关系代词“主谓宾/主谓表”完整：一定用关系副词名词从句少“主/宾/表”：一般用what12. The man ____ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you sho wed D. where you showed破解：见到“名词+sb”的结构，只要该名词并未修饰sb,则从sb开始一定是定从，且前面的名词在定从中一定做宾语，并且省略了关系代词This is the way he thought of ____ the problem. A. solving B. to solve C. solved D. having solved 13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French. A. where B. whoC. in whichD. which 15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A. that B. whom C. when D. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police. A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of th em B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 一个句号内有“两句话”，有三种可能：（1）用and/but/or/分号/破折号连接的“并列句”，2者语法上无关系。