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江苏省苏北四市2025届高三下学期第五次调研考试英语试题含解析

江苏省苏北四市2025届高三下学期第五次调研考试英语试题考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。

2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。

3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．My mom once worked in a very small village school, which is__________only on foot.A．acceptable B．adequate C．accessible D．appropriate2．If Kate had known what was _______ for her, she would not have married Tom.A．in response B．in returnC．in reaction D．in store3．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.A．is washing away B．is being washed awayC．are washing away D．are being washed away4．The explosion in the chemical plant ______ avoided had the county authorities, aiming too much at short-term interests, performed their duties from the beginning.A．should be B．might be C．must have been D．could have been5．----Could I ask you a private question?----Sure,A．pardon me B．go ahead C．good idea D．forget it6．Some business owners are keen on public welfare. This is local services have been funded.A．whether B．what C．where D．how7．---But for your timely warning, we into great trouble.---Well, you know we’re friends.A．would get B．must have got C．would have got D．can’t have got8．---Sorry to have broken your glass.---_____________. You didn’t mean to, did you?A．No problem B．Forget itC．All right D．Don’t say so9．She is ____________ being pleased about it ; she is very angry.A．free from B．free of C．out of D．far from10．Guangdong province rolled out new guidelines, _____ offensive nicknames and online violence as school bullying. A．defining B．definedC．to define D．having defined11．How long do you suppose it is ______ he arrived there?A．when B．beforeC．after D．since12．If it _____ earlier, the printing machine would not have broken down．A．has been repaired B．is repairedC．had been repaired D．was repaired13．We all know that good results ________ for you when you start doing things you love.A．are waiting B．have waitedC．have been waiting D．will be waiting14．. Jenny was sad over the loss of the photos she shot in Canada, _________ this was a memory she especially treasured.A．if B．when C．as D．where15．On the bus I saw a student I believed was your brother.A．who B．whomC．which D．whoever16．Thanks to Mr. Smith, the father and the son eventually ________after ten years' cold relationship between them. A．took up B．made upC．looked up D．turned up17．He is very tired，so he needs some time ________ duty for relaxation and rest.A．through B．onC．with D．off18．Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now eventually back _______ his feet.A．at B．inC．on D．to19．If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.A．had been put B．were put C．should be put D．would be put20．— Someone wants you on the phone.— ________ nobody knows I am here.A．Although B．AndC．So D．But第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2021年上海市虹口区高三二模英语试题[附答案]

虹口区2020学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2021.4 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection A(10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the living room. B. In the bedroom.C. In the bathroom.D. In the dining room.2. A. At 8:30. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:30. D. At 10:00.3. A. To pick up the woman from the library.B. To make a copy of the schedule for his friend.C. To get a copy of the schedule for the woman.D. To find out more about the topic for the conference.4. A. She doesn’t think a lot about her studies.B. She has difficulty in doing her assignments.C. She doesn’t understand the course she is taking.D. She has no time to deal with her assignments.5. A. Language schools are being established everywhere.B. Language schools are more than other types of schools.C. Too many overseas Canadians are fond of teaching English.D. Teaching English is the biggest business throughout the world.6. A. He failed the exam. B. He studied very hard.C. The exam was too easy.D. The exam made him smile.7. A. The man can’t find a quieter place.B. The man should consider his privacy first.C. The man had better choose a low-rent apartment.D. The man is unlikely to move out of the school dormitory.8. A. The construction lasts longer than expected. B. The man usually gets up late.C. The workers drive the man crazy.D. The construction is really annoying.9. A. The man should apply for the job.B. The IT industry is booming very fast.C. The woman is lucky to have her present job.D. There are too many unemployed skilled workers.10. A. She refused the job to make ends meet.B. She refused the job because of the low salary.C. She accepted the job because of the convenient hours.D. She needed the job and would accept it despite the low salary.Section B (15分)Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They have a short memory. B. They have language interference.C. They are lacking in language skills.D. They don’t know the language patterns.12. A. All Russian words have genders.B. Russian has fewer grammar rules.C. Russian has different sentence structures.D. Russian has an obligatory category for gender.13. A. Translators have language interference.B. Languages have different obligatory categories.C. Languages connect with the community that uses them.D. Translation is obviously a one-way street for any language.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because the sound of waves is too noisy.B. Because the experiment may pollute the water.C. Because the sound of waves may harm sea animals.D. Because the sea animals may disturb the experiment.15. A. To help track the sea animals being tested.B. To attract more sea animals to the testing site.C. To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.D. To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.16. A. They were frightened and distressed.B. They swam away when the speaker was turned on.C. They swam closer to the speaker when the speaker was turned off.D. They swam near the speaker whether the speaker was turned on or off.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. She wants them to lose weight, too.B. She wants them to do exercise with her.C. She wants them to stop eating unhealthy foods.D. She wants their support and help with her problems.18. A. It does harm to one’s health.B. It causes one to neglect other things.C. It doesn’t help others to increase health.D. It prevents one from achieving his or her goal.19. A. They don’t have practical goals.B. They don’t strive hard for their goals.C. They are busy and they lose focus on their goals.D. They lose focus on their goals shortly after they set them.20. A. Celebrate the success in reaching the goal.B. Set and achieve another goal of higher levels.C. Encourage close friends to set and reach their goals.D. Acknowledge the achievement and see what the next step is.II.Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Year in a Word or TwoCan anybody describe a year with only one word?Each December, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) nominates (提名) a word to describe the very year (21) __________ has just passed.2020 was a very unusual year that was really worthy (22) __________ (describe) with two words. Two of the obvious words the OED suggested were “pandemic (疫情)” and “lockdown,” due to most of human activities across the globe (23) __________ (bring) to a stop by the life-threatening disease. Businesses have been closed and people have had to stay in their homes for weeks or even months on end.(24) __________ I would like to nominate “cooperation” and “hope” as my words of the year because it is supposed to be described in a more positive and (25) __________ (helpless) way, because there was a great deal of cooperation between countries and international health organizations. China took a leading role in this effort by sending masks and protective clothing to Canada, the United States and Europe, (26) __________ to countries in the Middle East and Africa. Without this cooperation, the pandemic, bad (27) __________ it has been, could have been much worse.And that brings me to my second word: hope. We are beginning to see the light at the end of the tunnel, and, with a little “hope,” we will get to see the world begin to return to normal.For young people, it was the first time that they (28) __________ (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering (29) __________ (endure) at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. And they also learned that “hope” — the belief that (30) __________ you willsee tomorrow will be better than today — is at the heart of every human being.With “cooperation” and “hope,” 2021 should make for a wonderful year.Section B (10分)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note thatWill a Robot Really Take Your Job?It is one of the most widely quoted data of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete without it. It has been pointed to as evidence of a(n) __31__ jobs disaster by think-tanks and government agencies. The finding that 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being __32__ by the mid-2030s comes from a paper written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It has since been __33__ in more than 4,000 other academic articles. Such misunderstandings reflect the polarized (两级分化的) debate __34__ the nature of automation and the future of jobs.At one extreme are the negativists. They warn of mass technological __35__ just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, has written two best-selling books on the dangers of unemployment caused by automation. He worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic __36__ will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut themselves away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by self-directed military robots and drones.” The __37__ masses will live on a universal basic income.At the positive end of the debate, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. It was several decades before industrialization led to __38__ higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s. While automation is likely to increase __39__ in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie.Frey is often __40__ to be in the first camp. His paper simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America were more likely to be affected by automation. It got more attention than they would ever have expected. In part, this is because fear sells, particularly when it is stirred up by a misunderstanding.III.Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Is Tap Water Safe to Drink?Tap water is not without its problems. More recently. the Michigan City of Flint has been struggling with high lead (铅) levels in its drinking water. Over the years people have witnessed major __41__ of groundwater pollution leading to unhealthy tap water.The nonprofit Environmental Working Group (EWG) detected some 260 pollutants in public water supplies in 42 states and faulted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for __42__ to establish standards on so many of the pollutants — from industry, agriculture, and urban rivers — that do end up in our water.Despite these seemingly __43__ statistics, the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), which has alsoconducted a series of __44__ tests on municipal (市政的) water supplies as well as bottled water, says, “In the short term, if you are an adult with no special health __45__, and you are not pregnant, then you can drink most cities’ tap water without having to worry.” This is because most of the pollutants in public water supplies exist at such small concentrations that most people would have to __46__ very large quantities for health problems to occur.__47__, look at your water bottles carefully. It’s common for them to list the source as “municipal”, which means you paid for what __48__ is bottled tap water. “Pregnant women, young children, the elderly, people with chronic illnesses and those with weakened immune systems can be vulnerable(脆弱的) to the risks posed by polluted water.” NRDC does __49__ however. The group suggests that anyone who may be at risk obtain a copy of their city’s annual water quality report and review it with their __50__.As for bottled water, 25 to 30 percent of it comes straight from municipal tap water systems, despite the pretty nature __51__ on the bottles that imply otherwise. Some of that water goes through additional filtering (过滤), but some does not. What’s more, bottled water is required to be __52__ less frequently than tap water for bacteria and chemical pollutants, and U.S. Food and Drug Administration bottled water rules allow for some pollution by E. coli (大肠杆菌), __ 53__ to EPA tap water rules that prohibit any such pollution.Also, NRDC found that there are no __54__ for bottled water to be disinfected or tested for parasites(寄生虫), unlike more strict EPA rules regulating tap water. This leaves the possibility __55__ says NRDC, that some bottled water may present similar health threats to those with weakened immune systems.41. A. cases B. patterns C. models D. modes42. A. managing B. failing C. competing D. skipping43. A. endless B. appealing C. alarming D. meaningless44. A. expansive B. expensive C. aggressive D. extensive45. A. motivations B. focuses C. conditions D. proportions46. A. turn in B. give away C. take up D. take in47. A. To start with B. After all C. In addition D. On the whole48. A. necessarily B. essentially C. accordingly D. dramatically49. A. recommend B. caution C. justify D. urge50. A. supervisor B. secretary C. authority D. physician51. A. scenes B. brands C. data D. prints52. A. questioned B. produced C. tested D. advertised53. A. contrary B. similar C. relative D. parallel54. A. requirements B. suggestions C. permissions D. approvals55. A. real B. minor C. uncertain D. openSection B (22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Each generation — from Baby Boomers to Generation X to Millennials — has its own set of values andcharacteristics. But one thing common to all generations is that they are suffering from stress. In a recent poll by the American Psychological Association (APA), all age groups now report higher levels of stress than in the past. Baby Boomers (those born roughly between 1946 and 1964, and who are now moving into their retirement years) said that they are stressed about earnings and health issues. Gen Xers (born roughly between 1965 and 1980) are concerned about work, income, and job stability. However, Millennials (born roughly between 1981 and 2004) are turning out to be the most stressed-out of all the generations. Poll results indicate that stress levels for these younger respondents are significantly above average. So what’s worrying the Millennials?Millennials are the first generation to grow up with computers in the home and the classroom. Due to the rise of modern technology and social media, they are constantly showered with information. Over time, this information overload can become too much to handle and can result in stress, which in turn can cause serious physical, psychological, and emotional problems. Another contributing factor, according to author Michael D. Hais, is that many Millennials have lived sheltered lives due to overprotective parents. These young adults lack problem-solving skills and may struggle with fear of failure once they leave home. Making matters worse, the 2008 economic depression occurred when many Millennials were graduating from high school or college. The resulting economic slowdown reduced the number of available jobs for graduates. Sure enough, in the APA poll, Millennials said that work, money, relationships, family responsibilities, and the economy are the main stressors in their lives.However, the poll results may be a bit misleading as they don’t take into account public attitudes toward stress and mental illness. Ronald Kessler of Harvard Medical School, who has studied the prevalence (流行) of mental disorders in the U.S., points out that changes in social attitudes have helped reduce the stigma attached to mental illness over the years, For example, the creation of health-related television programming and specialty magazines such as Psychology Today have contributed to greater public awareness of mental health issues. According to psychologists, younger people now are more willing to admit to them that they are under stress than in the past. “There is not a lot of evidence of true prevalence having gone up,” Kessler says. “It looks like younger people are in worse shape, but unfortunately, we just don’t know.”56.It can be learned from the results of the APA poll that __________.A. All age groups are experiencing more stress than beforeB. Millennials have more stress than before, but other age groups aren’tC. Compared with other age groups, Millennials have more overprotective parentsD. Stress levels are down for all age groups, but they’re down the most for Millennials57.__________ is a cause of worry across all generations.A. HealthB. OccupationC. MoneyD. Weak economy58.What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “stigma” in the last paragraph?A. Behavior.B. Shame.C. Symptom.D. Complexity.59.According to the passage, what can be inferred about the young people today compared to the past?A. They fail to keep good body shape.B. They are more interested in health-related media.C. They are more willing and courageous to face up to their fault.D. They are more willing to seek professional help to deal with stress.(B)Bacteria are the one of the main food poisoners. So, to get food on the table safely, you need to know and follow the rules for food care.KEEP FOOD HOTHigh food temperatures (165ºF to 212ºF) reached in boiling, baking, frying, and roasting kill most food poisoning bacteria. If you want to delay serving cooked food, though, you have to keep it at a holding temperature — roughly 140ºF to 165ºF. Steam tables and chafing dishes are designed to maintain holding temperatures. But they don’t always keep food hot enough. So it’s not wise to leave hot food out more than 2 hours.When cooked food is left out unheated, the possibility of bacterial growth is greater, since the food quickly drops to room temperature where food poisoners multiply. To serve hot foods safely — particularly meat and poultry, which are highly affected by food poisoning — follow these rules:Cook thoroughly — Cook meat and poultry to the “doneness” temperatures given in the above chart. To make sure that meat and poultry are cooked all the way through, use a meat thermometer (温度计). Insert the tip into the thickest part of the meat, avoiding fat or bone.Don’t interrupt cooking — Cook meat and poultry completely at one time. Partial cooking may encourage bacterial growth before cooking is complete.Cooking frozen food — Allow frozen fond more time to cook — generally 1.5 times the period required for food that has been thawed (解冻).60.At what temperature do bacteria grow the fastest?A. 40ºC ~ 60ºC.B. 60ºF ~ 125ºF.C. 40ºC ~ 140ºC.D. 125ºF ~ 140ºF.61.To keep food safe, it is suggested that __________.A. hot food should not be left out over two hoursB. frozen food should be thawed with a microwave ovenC. raw ham should be cooked to the “doneness” temperature at 71ºFD. steam tables and chafing dishes should be used to keep food hot enough62.What can be learned according to the guideline?A. The only way to ensure food safety is to keep it hot enough.B. High food temperatures above 74ºC destroy most poisoning bacteria.C. Compared with goose, ground beef should be cooked to higher temperatures.D. Insert the tip of a thermometer into the thickest part of the fat to control the temperature.(C)“A writer’s job is to tell the truth,” said Hemingway in 1942. No other writer of our time had so fiercely stated, or so consistently(一贯地) illustrated the writer’s duty to speak truly. His standard of truth-telling remained, moreover, so high and so strict that he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary evidence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience. “I only know what I have seen”, was a statement which came often to his lips and pen. What he had personally done, or what he knew unforgettably by having gone through one version of it, was what he was interested in telling about.The primary intention of his writing, from first to last, was to seize and project for the reader what he often called “the way it was”. This is a characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity, and Hemingway’s concept of its meaning subtly (微妙地) changed several times in the course of his career — always in the direction of greater complexity. At the core of the concept, however, one can invariably recognize the operation of three instruments of beauty appreciation: the sense of place, the sense of fact, and the sense of scene.The first of these, obviously a strong passion with Hemingway, is the sense of place. “Unless you have geography, background,” he once told George Antheil, “you have nothing.” You have, that is to say, a dramatic vacuum. Few writers have been more place-conscious. Few have so carefully charted out the geographical ground work of their novels while managing to keep background so unnoticeable. Few, accordingly, have been able to record more economically and graphically the way it is when you watch the bulls running through the streets of Pamplona, Spain towards the bull-ring.“When I woke it was the sound of the rocket exploding that announced the release of the bulls. Down below the narrow street was empty. All the balconies were crowded with people. Suddenly a crowd came down the street. They were all running, packed close together. They passed along and up the street toward the bull-ring and behind them came more men running faster, and then some stragglers (落后者) who were really running. Behind them was a little bare space, and then the bulls tossing their heads up and down. It all went out of sight around the comer. One man fell, rolled to the gutter (排水沟), and lay quiet. But the bulls went right on and did not notice him. They were all running together.”63.What’s the main idea of the first two paragraphs?A. Hemingway’s writing began from reality and then he would let his mind wander.B. Hemingway’s primary purpose in writing was to report faithfully reality as he experienced it.C. Hemingway’s writing reflects his preference for a simple story that the reader would thoroughly enjoy.D. Hemingway would construct a story that would reflect truths that were not particular to a specific historicalperiod.64.It can be inferred from the passage that Hemingway preferred __________ as the sources for his work.A. Stories that he had experienced rather than read aboutB. Stories that he had read about in newspapers or other sourcesC. Stories that he had heard from friends or chance acquaintancesD. Stories that came to him in periods of deep thinking or in dreams65.The author calls “the way it was” a “characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity”because __________.A. it shows how Hemingway understated complex issues in his booksB. it reflects Hemingway’s talent for making ordinary events difficult to understandC. Hemingway’s obsession for geographic details overshadowed the dramatic element of his storiesD. the relationship between simplicity and complexity reflected the relationship between the style and contentof Hemingway’s writing66.Why does the author include an except (节选) from The Sun Also Rises in the last paragraph?A. To vividly illustrate how exciting the bull run is.B. To demonstrate that all kinds of runners can take part in the bull run.C. To show Hemingway’s delicate description of the background of the bull run.D. To place greater emphasis on the importance of geography, economically speaking.Section C (8分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceBenefits of Cooperative LearningIn the classroom teachers should deliberately create opportunities for students to cooperate with each other, share responsibilities, solve problems, and control conflict.(67)__________ Cooperative learning activities require students to work together in small groups to completea project or activity, operating as a team to help each other succeed.You may be wondering what benefits students gain from cooperative learning. The answer is many! Cooperative learning, of course, teaches a number of social and emotional skills, but it also gives students the opportunity to learn from each other. The following skills that are developed through regular and effective cooperative learning are just a few of many.In order for a cooperative learning group to succeed, individuals within the group need to show leadershipabilities. Without this, the group cannot move forward without a teacher. Natural leaders become quickly evident in small groups, but most students don’t naturally want to lead. (68)__________Also, effective teamwork requires good communication and commitment. All members of a cooperative learning group have to learn to speak productively with one another to stay on track. By teaching students to share confidently, listen carefully, and speak clearly, they learn to value the input of their teammates and the quality of their work soars.Conflicts are bound to arise in any group setting. (69)__________ Give students space to try and work out their issues for themselves before stepping in.There are many decisions to be made in a cooperative environment. Encourage students to think as a team to make joint decisions by first having them come up with a team name. (70)__________ Make sure that each student has their own responsibilities in cooperative learning groups. Much like leadership skills, decision-making skills cannot be developed if students are not regularly practicing them.IV.Summary Writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71.New Testing Method in Era of Online LearningIn research published today in Science of Learning, engineers from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute demonstrate how a testing strategy they call “distanced online testing” can effectively reduce students’ ability to receive help from one another in order to score higher on a test taken at individual homes during social distancing.“Often in remote online exams, students can talk over the phone or internet to discuss answers,” said Ge Wang, a chair professor of biomedical engineering at Rensselaer and the corresponding author on this paper. “The key idea of our method is to minimize this chance via discrete optimization (离散优化) aided by knowledge of a student’s competencies.”When a distanced online test is performed, students receive the same questions, but at varying times depending on their skill level. For instance, students of highest mastery levels receive each question after other groups of students have already answered those questions. This approach, Wang said, reduces the motivator for students to receive help from those who have more mastery of the material. In order to determine the order of each student’s questions, their competence levels are estimated using their grade point averages, SAT scores, or midterm scores, depending on what is available at a specific point in the semester.According to statistical tests and post-exam surveys, this method reduced the points gained through cheating by orders of magnitude (数量级) when compared to conventional exam methods. As an added benefit, Wang said, when students knew collusion would not be possible, they were more motivated to study class material. Wang and his colleagues hope to share this innovation of teaching methods and theory beyond the Rensselaer campus.“We plan to develop a good platform so that others can easily use this method,” said Wang, a member of the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies at Rensselaer.V.Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.。

超级全能生2024届高考冲刺模拟英语试题含解析

超级全能生2024届高考冲刺模拟英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。

2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试题卷上。

3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．China's Beidou Navigation Satellite System has started providing global services, ________ to become complete around 2020.A．being scheduled B．scheduled C．to schedule D．scheduling2．In the forest, sound is the best means of communication over distance ________ in comparison with light, it won't be blocked by trees when travelling.A．while B．becauseC．when D．though3．More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A．are being built B．will be builtC．have been built D．had been built4．— May I go out to play basketball, Mum?—________ Do what you like.A．Go ahead! B．Y ou’ve got it.C．It’s your turn. D．Not at all!5．Much to their delight, their new project _____ at the conference, the excited scholars decided to have a barbecue in honour of the fantastic moment.A．to approve B．being approvedC．having approved D．having been approved6．— The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.— Why? It’s ________ than the films I have ever seen.A．far more interesting B．much less interestingC．no more interesting D．any less interesting7．He ________ in a university for five years, but now he runs a company of his own.A．has taught B．had taughtC．taught D．has been teaching8．－The zookeeper was really annoyed with me.－How could he have been if you ____ stones at the animals?A．didn’t throw B．don’t throwC．hadn’t thrown D．haven’t thrown9．According to the bank rules released recently, you have to pay a 25% ________ on each cheque you cash. A．admission B．pensionC．allowance D．commission10．—I forgot to register for the courses. I’m one day late and most of the classes are full. What shall I do?—________ Y ou can’t do anything about that.A．Take your time. B．Poor you!C．So what? D．No way!11．volleyball is her main focus, she is also great at basketball.A．Since B．OnceC．Unless D．While12．--- Did you watch the final match of China Open yesterday?---Sure. I it so attentively that I forgot to cook supper.A．watched B．had watchedC．was watching D．was to watch13．Y ou can never be ________ when crossing the street.A．very careful B．too careful C．carefully enough D．enough careful14．A myth is an account of the deeds of a god or supernatural beings, usually expressed in terms of ______ thought. A．primary B．capital C．initial D．primitive15．What the country did _____ the international trade regulations, for which it was widely condemned. A．approved B．violated C．bothered D．interrupted16．Any information of the oral test paper are regarded as strictly ______ before it is open.A．conventional B．analyticalC．controversial D．confidential17．–Excuse me, sir, didn’t you see the red light?–Sorry, my mind ________ somewhere else.A．has been wandering B．was wanderedC．was wandering D．has been wandered18．“Drive-ins” have large parking lots ________ customers are served in their cars by waitresses.A．who B．when C．which D．where19．The girl is so grateful whenever she remembers my brother and me ____ her from the icy water.A．to have saved B．to save C．saving D．saved20．The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.A．it B．whichC．that D．what第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

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Global/distributed customers, partners, and teams
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高中英语阅读理解高频考点专项练习题(历年高频考点真题) (390) output

一、阅读理解文章大意：本文是说明文。

文章主要介绍世界各国不同的社交礼仪。

1. 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.How should we behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American shakes your hand firmly while looking you straight in the eye. In many part of Asia, there is no physical contact (接触)at all. In Japan, you should bow, and the more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. In Thailand, people greet each other by pressing both hands together at the chest. In both countries, eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect.Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn’t wear. In Muslim countries, you shouldn’t reveal (显露)the body, especially women, who should wear long blouses and skirts. In Korea, you should take off your shoes when entering a house. Remember to place them neatly together when you came in.In Spain, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. For this reason, many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. In Mexico, lunch is the time to relax, and many people prefer not to discuss business as they eat. In Britain, it’s not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.In most countries, an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions. Y ou should include your company name and your position. If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language. In China, you may present your card with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.2. 请认真阅读下面短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

2009年考研英语真题英一

绝密★启用前2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（科目代码：201）☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (lOpoints)Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are. _1_ the fruit-fly experiments described by Carl Zimmer in the Science Times. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs bum longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too bright.Intelligence, it_5_, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, bums more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning -a(n) _?_process -instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to -�8__ _Is there an adaptive value to _9_ intelligence? That's the question behind this new research. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real_l_l_ of our own intelligence might be. This is...U the mind of every animal we've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that ____lL animals ran the labs, they would test us to ___lQ__ the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 they would hope to study a(n) 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 2Q__ the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [ C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C] inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [ C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [ C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [BJ c omprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20.[A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21 st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try -the more we step outside our comfort zone -the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of The O p en Mind. "But we are taught instead to 'decide' , just as our president calls himself 'the Decider'. " She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally ( o r collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system -that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will ... and Ms. Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.21. In Wordsworth's view, "habits" is characterized by being[A] casual.[B] familiar.[C] mechanical.[D] changeable.22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be[A] predicted.[B] regulated.[C] traced.[D] guided.23. The word "ruts" (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to[A] tracks.[B] series.[C] characteristics.[D] connections.24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind.[B] innovativeness could be taught.[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.[D] curiosity activates creative minds.25. Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing[A] prevents new habits from being formed.[B] no longer emphasizes commonness.[C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode.[D] complies with the American belief s ystem.Text2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom -or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore -and another $120 to get the results.More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $ 2, 500.Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists -and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical. "There's a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors -numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person's test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26. In Paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's[A] easy availability.[B] flexibility in pricing.[C] successful promotion.[D] popularity with households.27. PTK is used to[A] locate one's birth place.[B] promote genetic research.[C] identify parent-child kinship.[D] choose children for adoption.28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to[A] trace distant ancestors.[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines.[C] fully use genetic information.[D] achieve the claimed accuracy.29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is[A] disorganized data collection.[B] overlapping database building.[C] excessive sample comparison.[D] lack of patent evaluation.30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing.[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems.[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab.[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing.Text3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards ofliving.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotiveassembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in tum afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poorcountries[A] is subject to groundless doubts.[B] has fallen victim of bias.[C] is conventionally downgraded.[D] has been overestimated.32. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system[A] challenges economists and politicians.[B] takes efforts of generations.[C] demands priority from the government.[D] requires sufficient labor force.33. A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined.[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education.[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized.34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged[A] when people had enough time.[B] prior to better ways of finding food.[C] when people no longer went hungry.[D] as a result of pressure on government.3 5. According to the last paragraph, development of education[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.[D] cannot afford political changes.Text4The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits." According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church -i mp ortant subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope -all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. "Our main end was to catch fish."36. The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.3 7. It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World.[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life.[D] were obsessed with religious innovations.38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay[A] were famous in the New World for their writings.[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs.[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World.[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England.39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders wereoften[A] influenced by superstitions.[B] troubled with religious beliefs.[C] puzzled by church sermons.[D] frustrated with family earnings.40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England[A] were mostly engaged in political activities.[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect.[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later reference.PartBDirections:In the following text, some segments have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. ( 41) ________ _American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modem anthropology -the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs -thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. ( 42) ________ _ In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. (43) ________ _Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. ( 44) ________Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. ( 45) ________ _ Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, hada single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known asdiffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilledin linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the"survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's socialstructure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families,forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F] Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts thatwork together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perryincorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.PartCDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. ( 46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the QY:product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even tod ay, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world' s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. ( 48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident and the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. ( 49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps adults loyal to their group.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. "White Pollution" is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly, and2) make two or three suggestions.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not si gn your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)PartB52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。

英语名片翻译

including "Gene Editing", "Artificial Intelligence", "Big Data Analysis", etc.
Art and design
including graphic design, architectural design, interior design, etc.
03
When using business cards in foreign-related situations, one should respect the other party's culture and customs, and avoid violating their taboos or sensitive points. For example, in some cultures, photos on business cards may be seen as impolite behavior.
misunderstanding
01
02
Avoid using overly complex or obscure vocabulary and expressions to avoid confusing or misunderstanding the other party.
When translating business cards, attention should be paid to maintaining the accuracy and consistency of information to avoid ambiguity or incorrect information.

(高中英语2019版) 阅读理解(互联网和信息技术)(含解析)(含答案)

（互联网和信息技术）李仕才Virtual worlds are also useful for children导读：随着电脑网络的普及应用，网络虚拟世界成为人们生活的一个重要组成部分。

有人认为虚拟世界一无是处，但事实并非如此。

A research report says that virtual worlds can be important places where children practice what they will do in real life. The research was done with children using the BBC's Adventure Rock virtual world, aimed at those aged 6-12. ①It surveyed and interviewed children who were the first to test the game.The online world is a theme island built for the BBC's children channel by Belgian game maker Larian. Children explore the world alone but they use message boards to share what they find and what they do in the different creative studios in virtual space.At times children were explorers and they were social climbers ②eager to connect with other players. Some were power users looking for more information about how the virtual space really worked. The children could try all kinds of things without having to ③be afraid of the consequences that would follow if they tried them in the real world. They learned many useful social skills and played around with their identity in ways that would be much more difficult in real life.According to the study what children liked about virtual worlds was the chance to create content such as music, cartoons and videos.The publishers of the report say that virtual worlds can be a powerful, engaging and real interactive alternative to more passive media. ④They urged creators of virtual spaces for children to get young people involved very early on because they really do have good ideas and they are very good critical friends.虚拟世界对孩子也有用根据一份研究报告，虚拟世界也是很重要的地方。

高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 225

高二英语阅读理解强化训练附解析Day 225Passage 1We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What's the problem? It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. "Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, " he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. "In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter, the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with theirserver reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband. " says Dunn. "But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also. "Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners, " he says.1. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?________A. Addiction to smartphonesB. Inappropriate behaviors in public placesC. Absence of communication between strangersD. Impatience with slow service2. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?________A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals3. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?________A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people's confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.Passage 2Many leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on Earth.The reason why many reject this as science fiction is that we've traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific.From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information-processing performed by elementary particles(基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one can't build machines more intelligent than us in all ways. This suggests that we've only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity.If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying(扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow's toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation(自动化) and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordablesustainable(可持续的) energy?I'm optimistic that we can develop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning form mistakes. That helped us win the race with less powerful technology: We messed up with fire and then invented fire extinguishers(灭火器), and we messed up with cars and then invented seat belts. However, it's an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or super intelligent AI— where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time.1. How do many people feel about leading AI researchers' predictions?________ .A. WorriedB. CuriousC. DisappointedD. Doubtful2. What does the author think of intelligence?________A. It belongs to human beings.B. We know little about it.C. It is too difficult to understand.D. We have a good command of it.3. What does the underlined word "upside" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?________ .A. Advantage.B. Cost.C. Potential.D. Quantity.4. What's important for us in the race between people and technology?________ .A. Learning from failure.B. Avoiding making mistakes.C. Increasing our intelligence.D. Making accurate predictions.Passage 3People joke that no one in Los Angeles reads; everyone watches TV, rents DVDs, or goes to the movies. The most popular reading material is comic books, movie magazines, and TV guides. City libraries has only 10 percent of the traffic that car washes have.But how do you explain the following? An annual book festival in west Los Angeles is booming, year after year. People wait half an hour for a parking space to become available.This outdoor festival, sponsored by a newspaper, occurs every April for one weekend. This year's attendance was about 145, 000. There were about 90 talks given by authors, with an audience question period following each talk. Book lovers were also able to collect some of the signatures of their favourite authors. A food store sold all kinds of popular foods. Except a $7 parking fee, the festival was free. Even so, some peopleavoided the food store prices by staying taking in their own sandwiches and drinks.The idea for the festival occurred years ago, but nobody knew if it would succeed. Although book festivals were already popular in other US cities, would Los Angeles people welcome one? "Los Angeles people are very unpredictable, " said one of the festival founders.1. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph suggests that?________A. only a small proportion in the(比例) of the readers go to libraries by car.B. city libraries provide fewer places for car washesC. city libraries have a very limited number of readersD. city libraries have fewer parking places2. The outdoor book festival attracts________.A. autograph seekers and authors onlyB. people who like cookingC. people with different interestsD. people who love Los Angeles3. At the very beginning, people were ________about the idea for the book festival in Los Angeles.A. confidentB. indifferentC. pessimisticD. uncertain4. The success of Los Angeles book festival shows that________.A. people attend the book festivals for fun not for readingB. book reading is still popular in Los AngelesC. libraries should have food streets to attract more readersD. Los Angeles people prefer library to book festivalPassage 4In 1928, the economist John Maynard Keynes predicted that by 2028, people would be working just three hours a day and filling the rest of their time with leisure activities. And he didn't anticipate the age of the Computer and the smart phone, Just yesterday, we described how even entry-level jobs like grocery clerks are disappearing.In the Guardian, Paul Mason writes about how our society can survive if people aren't actually working for a living. He suggests that somehow income has to be separated from work, perhaps with something like a universal basic income. Really, if Mitt Romney thought that 47 percent of Americans were "takers instead of makers, " what happens when that number hits 97 percent? Because that could be what we're talking about, with percent of us with jobs being our yoga instructors and love counsellors.In a lovely video that goes with the Guardian story, a girl called Alice has the last job on Earth. She also has a cute robot dog, a magic mirror that diagnoses a potential illness, and a sterilizer (消毒器) for her electric toothbrush. She then gets in a self-driving car for the trip to workI did love this part—how in the future. 30 is the new 65 with an "over30s retirement home. " Because all the retirement home marketers will tell you that you can take courses, do what you want, learn or read of bike of shoot pool, chasing your dreams. Mason refers to 19th century French philosopher Paul Fourier, who thought we should all live busy lives chasing our dreams.In Fourier's ideal world, one might kick off with gardening in the morning, try some politics, shift on to art around lunchtime, spend the afternoon teaching and wind things up with a go at chemistry at dusk.My hero-Bucky Fuller said much the same thing, much later, in the 1960s:We should do away with the absolutely specious belief that everybody has to earn a living. It is a fact today that one in 10, 000 of us can make a technological breakthrough capable of supporting all the rest. The youth of today are absolutely right in recognizing this nonsense of earning a living. We keep inventing jobs because of this false idea that everybody has to be employed at some kind of hard work because, according to Thomas Malthus' theory, he must justify his right to exist. So we have inspectors of inspectors and people making instruments for inspectors to inspect (检查) inspectors. The true business of people should be to go back to school and think about whatever it was they were thinking about before somebody came along and told them they had to earn a living.If you're a techno-utopian, then all of this technology will be soproductive and make so much money that if it was distributed fairly, it could happily support everyone. If you're a dystopian, then the 1 percent just take it all and live like kings while everyone else starves. I tend to be in the former camp, that we live in the best of all possible worlds and that it will all work out, but that's not how it seems to be what's happening in America right now.1. The four persons mentioned in the passage have very similar opinions about the topic except ________ .A. Paul MasonB. Paul FourierC. Thomas MalthusD. Bucky Fuller2. Which of the following argument may the writer agree with? ________A. One must justify his right to exist by working hard.B. The idea of every man having to work for a living is not true.C. people should go hack to school to make more money.D. Everyone has to be employed at some kind of hard work.3. In paragraph seven, the writer uses "inspector" and "inspect" many times in order to ________ .A. show how absurd the situation isB. add power to the sentenceC. emphasize the importance of itD. make the sentence sound funny4. What does the underlined sentence mean? ________A. America is in the best of all possible worlds and that it will all work out.B. America has a tendency to be a techno-utopian.C. In American, money is distributed fairly and can happily support everyone.D. Large quantities of national wealth are flowing to a small group of people in America.Passage 5In an unmanned supermarket, a customer waits to pay. With the use of advanced digital payment technology, including biological recognition and in-depth learning, the man leaves in a minute. There's no cashier in the store. At a large university, students use a hand-scanning machine that authorizes their entry into the gym. Those people are using "smart machines" which identify people by their physical characteristics. These new devices use fingers, hands, faces, eyes and voices. Some machines may even use smells. This new technology, called biometrics, gets information from parts of the body.In the past, biometric machines were used mainly in government agencies or in prisons. But now that the cost of the technology is lower, these machines are starting to be used everywhere, from border services to schools.Some people, however, are concerned that these machines will meanthe destruction of personal privacy. They worry that the machines will get personal information about them. "I know it seems like these machines are invading our privacy, but actually, biometric machines help to protect it, " says Jay Tarkett, who works at a company that develops the machines. "They can be used instead of passwords on a computer, for example. They can also identify criminals at airports. So, really, they help to promote public safety, and all the information stored is kept confidential by the machine itself. "Some people don't like the idea of using fingerprints because they associate them with criminals, and feel like they are being accused of something In addition, they don't work for some people, such as bricklayers, who wear down their fingerprints. Yet, face recognition does work well because the subject doesn't really have to do anything. To cash a check at a bank, for example, the customer has to do nothing more than look at a machine similar to an automatic teller. If the face matches the picture kept on file, the customer gets the money with no problems. The need to carry identification with you from place to place, then, would all but cease.It has been found that the hand scan works well in the college gym. Before this machine was used, students at the college entered the gym using cards similar to credit cards. The problem was that students often lost or forgot their cards. With the hand-scanning machine, however, the problem was solved right away.But the machines are still new, and there can be problems. For example, voice recognition works on the phone, but it is not precise, and can be tricked. Another constraint (限制) we notice, with machines that use face recognition in particular, is that they can be fooled if people color their hair or gain a lot of weight. However, this particular problem may be solved by a new type of technology that scans a person's iris, the colored part of the eye. It can even identify the person from a few feet away, recognizinga customer as he or she approaches the ATM.1. What's the author's intention by presenting two examples in Paragraph 1? ________A. To bring in the topic of the passage.B. To stress how smart machines work.C. To show the popularity of smart machines.D. To introduce the convenience smart machines offer.2. What is the author's attitude towards the new technology?________A. Bitter.B. Worried.C. Satisfied.D. Optimistic.3. What is the passage mainly about? ________A. An introduction to biometric machines.B. An advertisement for biometric machines.C. A brief description of hand scanning machines.D. An analysis of biometric machines' value in economy.参考答案Passage 11. C段落主旨大意题。

辽宁省沈阳市一三四中学2024-2025学年上学期八年级第一次限时作业英语试卷

辽宁省沈阳市一三四中学2024-2025学年上学期八年级第一次限时作业英语试卷一、单词拼写1．Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the (famous). 2．Thomas Edison was a great (invent).3．We saw some priceless (paint) at the museum.4．Remember (take) your umbrella. The weather report says it might rain later.5．Jim used (drive) to work, but now he rides a bike every day.6．As we were about to enjoy the picnic, it (sudden) began to rain.7．Can you tell me some of the (attract) in this city?8．His new book will (publish) next month. I can’t wait.9．Our class (make) up of more than 50 students.10．In ancient times, people (build) the Great Wall with bricks and stones.二、阅读理解Are you afraid of taking the lift? Three years ago, Laura experienced a lift accident in a shopping center, so she was afraid of taking the lift after that. Her friends Abby and Kay worried about her. “We must help her to get away from her fear of taking the lift!” Kay said.One day, Laura stood in front of the lift in her dad’s company. “Remember, courage (勇气) is what all you need and you can think something relaxing.” Abby smiled at her. They waited for the lift. When the lift door opened, “I can’t do this,” Laura said sadly. Then the lift door closed and Laura felt relaxed, but this feeling went soon and she regretted (后悔).Laura pushed the lift button (按钮) again. A few moments later, the door opened. Laura walked into the lift. Kay and Abby looked at her and said together, “We are right here with you.” Laura started counting, “Thirty, twenty-nine, twenty-eight, twenty-seven...”With the help of her two friends, Laura turned her fear into courage. “Thanks to you. It is a big difference and I will do it again.” As she pushed the button, she said.“This time, I’m going to do it alone without fear!”Friends are like that. They are always there and help you go through difficulties in your life. 11．When did Laura experience the lift accident?A．Three months ago.B．Three years ago.C．Last year.D．Two years ago.12．Laura faced the fear of taking the lift by ________ according to Paragraph 3.A．counting numbers B．speaking loudlyC．talking to friends D．encouraging herself13．Which word can best describe Laura’s two friends according to the passage?A．Careful.B．Active.C．Clever.D．Helpful.14．What do you think will happen to Laura later?A．She might stop trying the second time.B．She might be even more afraid of the lift.C．She might take the lift by herself.D．She might ask her friends to be with her while taking the lift.Whether you like it or not, artificial intelligence (AI) is here to stay. It has already been used in many different fields. And now one of them is to help find the missing children.In Hubei Province, a group of 30 students at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) are working on a special project. They have developed an AI system that restores (修复) old photos. The clearer photos allow them to better look for missing people.The project was set up by Sheng Jianzhong in 2020. At the time, he was a student at HUST School. One day, he came across a missing child notice. The photos on the notice were difficult to make out. “These photos may be of no practical use even if the child is around.” he said. As a result, Sheng decided to use his skills to help the missing children. And to his surprise, many of his schoolmates volunteered to join him.Over the past three years, the team tried to develop an AI system for restoring the photos. The team has restored more than 1,000 photos. With the help of AI system, 11 missing children were successfully found. One success story is that of Sun Haiyang. Thanks to the AI program, in December 2021, the father, Sun Haiyang found his son after 14 years of search.In the future, Sheng plans to build a more excellent team to run the project. The goal is not just to further improve the technology. More importantly, he hopes to see more young people work for good causes.15．According to the passage, what did Sheng Jianzhong and his schoolmates do?A．They restored old photos by an AI system.B．They searched for Sheng Jianzhong’s son by using an AI system.C．They looked for the bad people by building a more excellent team.D．They took pictures of the missing children by an AI system.16．What made Sheng Jianzhong decide to set up the project?A．A dream.B．A notice.C．A story.D．A goal.17．How did Sheng feel when many of his schoolmates volunteered to join the project?A．Proud.B．Surprised.C．Thankful.D．Happy. 18．When did Sun Haiyang’s son get lost?A．In 2014.B．In 2020C．In 2021.D．In 2007.Once when I was a teenager,my father and I went to buy tickets for the circus (马戏团). Finally, there was only one family standing in front of us. They had eight children. Their clothes were not dirty, but they were clearly old.The children were standing in line, two by two behind their parents, and hand in hand. They were excitedly talking about the funny things that they might see in the circus. From what they said, I knew this must be their first time to a circus.After the ticket seller told them the price, the man turned to his wife and shook his head. There was no longer a smile on his face. All the children looked quietly at their parents.Seeing what was happening, my dad put his hand into his pocket (口袋), pulled out a $20 bill and let it fall to the ground, which surprised me a lot. Then he called the man back, pointed to the bill and said, “ ”At first, the man just looked at my father with his mouth open. After a few seconds, he came to know what was going on. He looked into my dad’s eyes, held my dad’s hand in his and took the $20 bill. With a tear in his eye, he replied, “Thank you, sir. This really means a lot to me and my family.”My father and I went back to our car and drove home happily. We didn’t get to watch the circus that night, but we didn’t care.19．What may the writer think of the family in front of them?A．They were poor but clean.B．They were old and noisy.C．They were poor and dirty.D．They were rich but noisy.20．Which of the following can be best put in _______ in Para.4?A．Excuse me, sir, it fell out of your pocket.B．I’m sorry. But what are you doing with my money?C．You don’t have enough money. Just go home now!D．You must give the money back to me! It’s mine.21．How did the man feel at the end of the story?A．Sad.B．Thankful.C．Excited.D．Surprised. 22．What is the best title for this passage?A．A cold night.B．A true mistake.C．A kind help.D．A cheap ticket.①Are you an “I” person or an “E” person? People have talked about it a lot online these days. The ideas come from a popular personality (性格) test called Mbithi test the personality in eight ways. Each way uses a letter to show the meaning. For example: letter “I” means you are shy and letter “E” means you are outgoing. After the test each person will get a four-letter result to show the personality. In all, there are sixteen kinds of personality in the test.①Why do people want to take the MBTI test? Most people take the MBTI test for fun, but some don’t. Here are the survey results from three people by Life Week magazine.①“People want to learn about themselves and others, ” Guo Yongyu, an expert told the magazine. “When they know themselves and others better, they can learn to be with others. That helps them feel more relaxed. ”①Gao Yanyi, a middle school student from Shanxi, thinks that the MBTI test can help her find friends with similar MBTI results with her quickly. She adds, “But that should not be the only way to find friends. Sometimes it could make me lose possible good friends with different kinds of MBTI. ”①Ma Ruina, from Beijing No. 4 Middle school, took the test once. He doesn’t want to use it in his life again. It made him feel like it’s limiting (限制) how people can be, as if there were only 16 kinds of people in the world. “Everyone is different, and it’s not right to put people into simple groups. ” he says.①It can be sure that sixteen kinds of MBTI personality can never tell all the posibilities. I have to say, the personality test is just for fun. Everyone’s personality is different. Don’t let the test tell you who you are.23．How many ways does MBTI test to show each person’s personality?A．One.B．Four.C．Eight.D．Sixteen. 24．Which of the following is TRUE accordingto the survey results?A．Most people take the MBTI test seriously.B．Guo Yongyu advises people not to take the test.C．GaoYanyi may use it to help find similar friends.D．Ma Ruina agrees to put people into the same groups.25．What is the structure of the above passage?A．B．C．D．26．What does the writer think about MBTI according to the Paragraph 6?A．He thinks people can do it for fun.B．He really agrees with the results.C．He expects more people to take it.D．He thinks it’s necessary and useful.“Calculating” happinessWhat things can decide whether you are happy or not? The International Day of Happiness fell on March 20. Do you think you are a happy person?Some scientists have worked out “happiness formulas (公式)”. 27 In 2002, he shared his formula: Happiness=S(50%)+C(10%)+V(40%).S stands for the genes (基因). Scientists found that some people are born to be happy more easily than others. C is for the environment around us, such as the place you live in and the workyou do. The other 40 percent comes from what you can do.28 UK scientist Cliff Arnall said that happiness is more about outdoor activities.29 O stands for being outdoors. N is for nature, and S is for your social activities (社交活动). Cpm is for nice childhood memories (童年记忆) in summer, T for temperature (温度) and He for holiday excitement. Arnall said: “I wanted my formula to show that the key to happiness can really be simple.” 30 What is your “happiness formula”?A．His formula is: Happiness=O+(N×S)+Cpm/T+He.B．However, happiness may mean different things to different people.C．US psychologist (心理学家) Martin Seligman was one of them.D．I have some opinions about happiness.E．For example, you can learn to keep feeling good about your future.三、完形填空Me Before You is a romance novel by British writer Jojo Moyes. It tells the story of Louisa Clark and William Traynor (known as Will). At the 31 of book, Will dies and leaves Louisa a large amount of money. What happens next? You can find out in the book’s sequel (续篇), After You.Will wanted Louisa to use the money to live her life as 32 as possible—to travel places, discover new possibilities and 33 her education. However, Louisa is too heartbroken and finds it difficult to forget Will. Louisa now works at a bar in an airport, watching people fly to amazing places. Her boss is annoying, and she lives in a flat that doesn’t 34 home.However, all of this is about to 35 . One night, Louisa meets a girl at her doorstep. She tells Louisa who she is and Louisa can’t 36 her ears. If she closes the door, her life will stay the same. If she opens the door, she will take on 37 and become the woman Will wanted her to be. Which will she 38 ? You’ll have to find out for yourself.Jojo Moyes wrote After You39 she wanted to give her characters from Me Before You a future. Her use of language is as descriptive (描写性的) and powerful as that in Me Before You.One particular quote (引文) from the girl Louisa meets deeply 40 me: “Because me being here sort of means you’re still here.” She is referring to Will. I think this line is emotional and powerful.”31．A．end B．top C．start D．cover 32．A．soon B．fully C．long D．quickly 33．A．take B．follow C．shape D．continue 34．A．feel like B．make up C．put up D．return to 35．A．begin B．discover C．change D．increase 36．A．stop B．touch C．sense D．believe 37．A．plans B．challenges C．roles D．memories 38．A．reply B．compare C．choose D．provide 39．A．instead of B．as if C．although D．because 40．A．touched B．hurt C．upset D．troubled四、短文填空David found that he needed to lose some weight. He went to buy an exercise machine (健身器材) so 41 he could try to lose some weight.At first, he 42 (put) it in the basement (地下室). But he did not use it often. He seldom (很少) went into the basement.Next he moved 43 into his bedroom. But he didn’t use it very often. That’s 44 he would only go into the bedroom when it was time for him to go to sleep.Finally, he moved it into the living room. He put 45 machine next to the window.46 (he) wife thought maybe this would 47 (final) work. He could exercise and look outside at the beautiful garden 48 the same time.After a week or so, his wife asked David how his exercise was going. He said, “Well, yes, I do a little 49 (much) exercise these days. Every time I want to open the window. I have 50 (walk) around the exercise machine.”五、任务型阅读What is your favorite cartoon? It may be difficult for you to decide. But for Lang Lang, Tom and Jerry is the best one. When he was two years old, he saw Tom playing the piano. This was his first time to enjoy western music, and this experience encouraged him to learn to play the piano. His talent in the keyboard has taken him from his hometown to the world.Lang Lang became a good piano student at the age of three. Ever since the boy has been doing better and better. In 1977, the 15-year-old boy studied at a famous American music college. The road to success has never been easy. Lang Lang’s father stopped his job and went to America to look after him, while his mother stayed in his hometown to make money. His parents really provided so much support for him. Lang Lang considered himself lucky and believed he should give something back.Lang Lang’s performances are energetic (充满活力的). He is well-known for making facial expressions and moving around while playing the piano. Finally, Lang Lang made great achievements in music. When he was 26 years old, he was qualified (有资格的) to perform on the world stage. After he became more famous and richer, Lang Lang helped the children in poor areas a lot.51．What has taken Lang Lang from his hometown to the world?52．How old was Lang Lang when he became a student at a famous American music college? 53．What is Lang Lang well-known for?54．Do you want to be a musician like Lang Lang? Why or why not?。

成功的商人具品质英语作文

成功的商人具品质英语作文英文回答：Successful business people are individuals who possessa unique blend of qualities that enable them to achieve exceptional results in the competitive world of commerceand entrepreneurship. These qualities, which encompass both personal attributes and business acumen, are essential for navigating the challenges and seizing the opportunities inherent in any business endeavor.One of the most fundamental qualities of a successful business person is a strong work ethic. They are willing to invest the time and effort necessary to achieve their goals, often working long hours and dedicating themselves to their work. They are driven by an intrinsic motivation to succeed and are not easily deterred by setbacks or challenges.Another key quality is the ability to think strategically. Successful business people have the visionto see the big picture and the foresight to plan for the long term. They are able to analyze market trends, identify opportunities, and develop innovative strategies to gain a competitive advantage. They are forward-thinking and constantly seeking ways to improve their business and stay ahead of the competition.Effective communication skills are also essential for success in business. Successful business people are able to convey their ideas clearly and persuasively, both inwritten and verbal form. They are adept at building relationships with customers, clients, and colleagues, and are able to negotiate favorable terms and agreements.Strong leadership skills are also crucial for business success. Successful business people are able to inspire and motivate their teams to achieve exceptional results. They are able to delegate responsibilities effectively, provide clear direction, and create a positive and supportive work environment. They are also able to handle conflict and make tough decisions when necessary.In addition to these personal qualities, successful business people also possess a strong understanding of business principles and practices. They have a solid foundation in finance, accounting, marketing, and operations. They are able to make informed decisions based on data analysis and industry knowledge. They are also adaptable and willing to learn new technologies and business practices to stay competitive.Emotional intelligence is another important quality for successful business people. They are able to understand and manage their own emotions, as well as the emotions of others. They have the ability to empathize with customers and clients, and are able to resolve conflicts and build strong relationships.Finally, successful business people are resilient and determined. They are able to overcome setbacks and challenges without losing sight of their goals. They are persistent and refuse to give up, even in the face of adversity. They are always looking for ways to improve and grow, and are never satisfied with the status quo.中文回答：成功的商人的品质。

成就英语单词

成就英语单词1. 单词：achievement- 单词释义：n. 成就；完成；达到- 单词用法：可作可数名词，用于描述某人在某个领域取得的成果，如“His achievements in science are remarkable.”（他在科学方面的成就很显著。

）- 近义词：aplishment, success, feat- 短语搭配：make an achievement（取得成就）；outstanding achievement（杰出成就）- 双语例句：- I'm so proud of my achievement. I worked day and night on this project, and finally, it paid off. It's like climbing a huge mountain, and I reached the summit. Woohoo!- Her achievement in the art world is no small feat. She's like a shooting star, shining brightly among all the artists. People are constantly amazed by what she can do.- They made an achievement that nobody thought was possible. It was as if they found a hidden treasure in a vast desert. Everyone was in awe.- John's recent achievement in the business world has made him a bit of a celebrity. He's always talking about it with such enthusiasm, like a child showing off his new toy.- This little town has an achievement that is worthy of celebration. It's like a small flower that blooms unexpectedly in a corner, bringing beauty and hope.- The achievement of this goal means so much to our team. We were all doubting ourselves at first, but then we pushed through. It's like breaking through a thick wall.- My friend's achievement in running the marathon is just incredible. She was like a determined warrior, not giving up even when she was so tired.- Their collective achievement is a testament to their hard work. It's as if they built a magnificent castle with their own hands, brick by brick.- Lisa's achievement in writing that best - selling book is a dreame true for her. She's been through so many rejections, but she persisted. It's like a phoenix rising from the ashes.- His academic achievement is outstanding. He studies like a madman, always buried in books. It's no wonder he got such great results.- The team's achievement in winning the championship is a moment they will never forget. They were like a pack of wolves, fierce and united on the field.- She has an achievement that sets her apart from others.It's like she has a magic key that unlocks a special door.- My neighbor's achievement in gardening is something to behold. His garden is like a paradise on earth, full of beautiful flowers and plants.- Their achievement in the field of technology is revolutionizing the way we live. It's as if they've opened a new dimension for us to explore.- Jack's achievement in learning a new language in such a short time is amazing. He's like a sponge, soaking up all the knowledge.- The achievement of peace in this region is a great step forward. It's like a warm sun breaking through the dark clouds.- Her achievement in dancing is a work of art. She moves on the stage like a graceful swan.- Thepany's achievement this year has made it a leader in the industry. It's like a ship sailing ahead in the vast ocean.- My sister's achievement in cooking is a delight to our taste buds. She creates dishes like a master chef.- His achievement in building his own house is a story of determination. He was like a lone builder against all odds.2. 单词：aplishment- 单词释义：n. 成就；完成；技艺- 单词用法：可作可数名词，常用来表示通过努力取得的成果，例如“She listed her aplishments on her resume.”（她在简历上列出了自己的成就。

四川省遂宁市安居育才中学2025届英语九上期末学业水平测试试题含解析

四川省遂宁市安居育才中学2025届英语九上期末学业水平测试试题注意事项1．考生要认真填写考场号和座位序号。

2．试题所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分必须用2B 铅笔作答；第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。

3．考试结束后，考生须将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上，待监考员收回。

Ⅰ. 单项选择1、— Who did it better, Bill or Henry?— I think Bill did just _______ Henry.A．as well as B．as good asC．as better as D．more badly than2、Guo Degang is a famous crosstalk performer. He always makes people __________.A．laughs B．laugh C．laughing D．to laugh3、It was raining. My father asked me a raincoat.A．take B．takes C．took D．to take4、---We’d like you to start work tomorrow if possible.---I’m sorry, but I can’t possibly start until Monday.?A．Do you agree with me B．Is that a good ideaC．Do you think I’m right D．Will that be all right5、To make your DIY work perfect, you’d bet ter get all the tools ready ________ you start.A．since B．before C．when D．after6、—How do you learn English well?—By taking notes. I think good study methods can help usbetter results with less effort.A．achieve B．supportC．praise D．return7、—Jane won the first prize in the English speech contest.—____________ big progress she has made! She used to be weak in English.A．How B．How a C．What D．What a8、Why don’t you join in _______ discussion and tell ____ about the latest film Green Book?A．ours; us B．ours; ours C．our; us D．our; ours9、I could speak French Chinese, but luckily I could talk with them in English.A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or D．not only, but also10、What ______news made them so down? I'm worried about them.A．sad B．happy C．exciting D．goodⅡ. 完形填空11、During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a healthy social environment. If you offered your 1 to the old or children, everyone would 2 you. At that time, being selfless(无私的), honest and serving people were good, and all people learned from the hero—Lei Feng. Nowadays, 3 most people still offer their seats to others, we can also find the fact that some young people have 4 to avoid offering their seats. Some drivers often call out, “ Who can offer the old your seat?” It usually doesn’t work. As teenagers, what can we do? Every time an old man 5 next to me, I’ll stand up to offer my seat. After that I feel 6 . Perhaps someone will say you alone can’t change the society 7 . That’s r ight. But I do think a little thing can change the world some day. I often talk about my idea with my classmates, and they all 8 with me. They think that a good environment can be formed with everyone’s effort（努力）. Everyone dreams of changing the wor ld, so let’s 9 from simple acts like 10 up waste, saving water, using both sides of paper…NO mater how small the act is, we can do it every day to help change the world for better . 1．A．seat B．place C．chance D．secret2．A．look after B．look up to C．look down upon D．look for3．A．if B．although C．unless D．so4．A．excuses B．ideas C．things D．ways5．A．runs B．walks C．sits D．stands6．A．fair B．sleepy C．good D．safe7．A．quietly B．easily C．slowly D．carefully8．A．disagree B．come C．agree D．go9．A．take care B．take off C．take after D．take action10．A．picking B．turning C．showing D．puttingⅢ. 语法填空12、综合填空。

小学上册第9次英语第三单元期中试卷

小学上册英语第三单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Which fruit is yellow?A. StrawberryB. KiwiC. BananaD. CherryC2. A ____(community forum) encourages dialogue on local issues.3.I saved money to buy a new ________ (玩具名称).4.I enjoy __________ with my friends. (玩耍)5.What color is the sky?A. GreenB. BlueC. RedD. YellowB6.I can create lasting memories with my ________ (玩具类型).7.The concept of buoyancy explains why objects ______ (float) in water.8.I like to ________ (做) puzzles.9.How many teeth does an adult human typically have?A. 28B. 30C. 32D. 34C10.Plants can grow in both _______ and dry conditions.11. A ______ is a graphical representation of results.12.What do you call the time when the sun rises?A. SunriseB. SunsetC. NoonD. Midnight13.The ______ can live a long time.14.What is the main ingredient in chocolate?A. SugarB. CocoaC. FlourD. Butter15.I can ______ (理解) the importance of education.16.What is the name of the famous scientist who developed the theory of relativity?A. NewtonB. EinsteinC. GalileoD. CurieB17.How many legs does a spider have?A. 6B. 8C. 10D. 12B 818.The process of heating a substance to remove water is called _______.19.The chemical formula for copper(II) sulfate is __________.20.Which animal lives in the Arctic?A. LionB. Polar BearC. KangarooD. ElephantB21.It is raining ___. (hard)22.I feel _______ (情感) when I help others. It makes a difference in their _______ (生活).23.What is the name of the famous wizard in "Harry Potter"?A. DumbledoreB. VoldemortC. SnapeD. Harry Potter24.The _______ (小海鸥) flies above the beach.25.What do you call a baby dog?A. KittenB. PuppyC. CalfD. FoalB26.Which month comes after June?A. MayB.JulyC.AugustD.September答案:B27.During family gatherings, we share funny _______ (故事). It always makes us laugh.28.The capital of Malaysia is __________.29.What do we call the study of ancient cultures?A. AnthropologyB. SociologyC. ArchaeologyD. History30.What sound does a dog make?A. MeowB. MooC. BarkD. QuackC31.The apple tree is _______ (full) of fruit.32.The __________ is a famous mountain in Japan.33.The _____ (moon/sun) is bright.34.What instrument has six strings and is strummed?A. ViolinB. GuitarC. FluteD. Drum35.I love my ________ (family).36.Listen and number.(听录音，标序号)37.What is the name of the famous singer known for "Like a Rolling Stone"?A. Elton JohnB. Bob DylanC. Bruce SpringsteenD. Johnny CashB38.The _____ (植物适应) can reveal insights into evolution.39.What is the capital of Norway?A. OsloB. StockholmC. CopenhagenD. HelsinkiA40.When it rains, I like to wear my __________ shoes. (防水的)41.His favorite food is ________.42.I like watching ______ (电影) about animals. They are very ______ (有趣).43. A fern is a type of __________ (蕨类植物).44.What is the opposite of "strong"?A. WeakB. PowerfulC. MightyD. Robust45.My favorite dish is ______ (意大利菜).46.The ______ is known for his contributions to science.47.The girl is very ________.48.What do we call the area of land that is covered in grass?A. LawnB. MeadowC. FieldD. Prairie49.The _____ (大雁) migrates south for the winter.50.What is the color of an emerald?A. RedB. BlueC. GreenD. YellowC51.The sparrow builds its _______ (巢) in trees.52.What is the opposite of "day"?A. NightB. MorningC. EveningD. AfternoonA53.Which animal is known as the "king of the jungle"?A. TigerB. LionC. ElephantD. BearB54.The _______ (The Russian Revolution) led to the rise of the Soviet Union.55.The _______ is essential for the growth of new plants.56.What do you call a house made of ice?A. CottageB. IglooC. CastleD. Tent57.I like to ride my _______ (自行车) in the neighborhood.58.The _____ (palm) can grow in sandy soil.59. A balloon filled with air is an example of a ______.60.The _______ of a wave can be affected by its wavelength.61.The ______ is known for its intelligence.62.I have a _____ (有趣的事情) to share.63.What is the opposite of "big"?A. SmallB. TallC. LargeD. HugeA Small64.__________ (实验数据) must be recorded carefully for analysis.65.What is the main ingredient in curry?A. RiceB. ChickenC. SpicesD. VegetablesC66.I learned a lot from my last _______ (经历). It taught me many important _______ (教训).67.ts can grow in _____ (水) without soil. Some pla68.________ (生物工程) advances agriculture.69.We can _______ (做运动) after school.70.The boy has a strong ________.71.He has a ___ (ball/book) in his hand.72.What do you call a book of maps?A. AtlasB. EncyclopediaC. DictionaryD. ThesaurusA73.What do you call the lines that circle the globe horizontally?A. MeridiansB. ParallelsC. EquatorsD. AxesB74.The chemical symbol for argon is ______.75. A ____ is a small bird that often sings in the morning.76.What do we celebrate on the 4th of July in the USA?A. ThanksgivingB. Independence DayC. ChristmasD. Halloween77.What is the name of the holiday celebrated at the end of the year?A. ChristmasB. ThanksgivingC. HalloweenD. New YearD78.The chemical formula for lead nitrate is _______.79.The _______ (Vikings) were known for their seafaring and exploration.80.My puppy loves to bark at the ______ (邮递员).81.We should _______ (保持) a positive attitude.82.I believe that everyone should have the right to ________ (接受教育) no matter where they live.83. A ______ occurs when two substances combine and release energy.84.I like to go ______ with my family.85.What do we call the study of living organisms?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. AstronomyA86.My favorite place to go shopping is _______ (商场).87.The chemical formula for carbon dioxide is ______.88.ts have _____ (药用) properties. Some pla89.The cat purrs when it is ______.90.When ice melts, it becomes _____.91.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. DelphiD. CorinthA Athens92.The sinking of the Lusitania contributed to the start of ________ (第一次世界大战).93.My grandmother loves __________ (收集) stamps.94.I want to _______ (学习) how to cook.95.My grandmother loves __________ (钩针).96.The soup is too ___. (hot)97.What is the capital of Egypt?A. CairoB. AlexandriaC. GizaD. Luxor98.The ____ has a soft voice and sings sweetly in the morning.99.What do you call a person who studies fish?A. IchthyologistB. BiologistC. ZoologistD. Marine biologist 100.What is the main ingredient in vinegar?A. AlcoholB. WaterC. Acetic acidD. Sugar。

专题复习五语篇填空+练习课件+2023-2024学年人教新目标版九年级英语全册

This would not happen if people used less plastic and did not litter.The plastic would not end up in the ocean.
Passage 3(福建中考) Niejiazhuang Village in Weifang is famous for colored clay sculpture handicraft (泥塑手工艺 ) ， which dates back to the Ming Dynasty.The Weifang government has 1.__e_n_c_o_u_r_a_g_e_d_ (encourage) local people to learn traditional handicraft and make more money to get rid of poverty (脱贫). Nie Peng i2s.____ (be) a young villager in Niejiazhuang.He is crazy about clay sculpture handicraft.He began learning it from his father when heawas 3.___ child.He has led lots of young craftsmen (手艺人) in and nearh4is.____ (he) village to make colored clay sculptures and the handicraft has become an important way for local people to get 5.__r_ic_h_e_r___ (rich) than before.

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)试题与参考答案

2024年研究生考试考研英语(一201)自测试题与参考答案一、完型填空（10分）Passage:Many people today believe that the world is becoming more and more competitive. This is particularly true in the fields of education and employment. The pressure to succeed in these areas has never been greater, and people are feeling the stress more than ever before.One of the reasons for this increased pressure is the rapid technological advancements we have seen in recent years. These advancements have led to a greater demand for skilled workers. Consequently, young people feel that they need to continuously upgrade their knowledge and abilities in order to stay competitive.In the realm of education, the competition starts from a very young age. Toddlers are sent to special schools to develop their language and cognitive skills. Children in primary school are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to enhance their extracurricular abilities. And in high school, students are expected to excel in their academic studies and participate in various competitions to showcase their talents.Besides education, the job market is also highly competitive. With the onsetof the digital age, many traditional jobs have been replaced by technology. This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs, making them even more sought after. As a result, candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain soft skills, such as teamwork, problem-solving, and communication.Even in the field of sports, competition is intense. Athletes from all over the world compete at the highest level, pushing themselves to their limits. The desire to win and recognition often drives them to train harder and longer than ever before.Questions:While the pressure to succeed in education and employment is increasing, many argue that the advancements in technology have also created opportunities for personal and career growth. Pick the most appropriate word or phrase for each of the following blanks:1.The pressure to succeed in these areas has_______________never been greater.A) barelyB) certainlyC) perhapsD) rarely2.These advancements have_______________to a greater demand for skilled workers.A) ledB) resultedC) contributedD) impacted3.Toddlers are sent to special schools to_______________their language and cognitive skills.A) cultivateB) enhanceC) inhibitD) damage4.In primary school, children are enrolled in extra-curricular activities to_______________their extracurricular abilities.A) exploitB) refineC) diminishD) thwart5.And in high school, students are expected to_______________in their academic studies.A) relayB) augmentC) thriveD) wane6.This has led to a scarcity of certain kinds of jobs,which_______________them even more sought after.A) rendersB) signifiesC) ensuresD) manifests7.Candidates for these positions must possess not only knowledge but also certain_______________skills.A) fundamentalB) creativeC) tenderD) diverse8.Even in the field of sports, competition is _______________.A) uniformB) incrementalC) intenseD) adverse9.Athletes from all over the world compete at the highestlevel,_______________themselves to their limits.A) pushingB) pullingC) draggingD) resisting10.The desire to win and recognition often_______________them to trainharder and longer.A) inducementsB) motivesC) obstaclesD) pressuresAnswers:1.A) barely2.A) led3.A) cultivate4.B) enhance5.C) thrive6.A) renders7.A) fundamental8.C) intense9.A) pushing10.D) pressures二、传统阅读理解（本部分有4大题，每大题10分，共40分）First QuestionPassage:In recent years, the concept of resilience has gained significant traction across various sectors, including education, business, and mental health.Resilience, often defined as the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, is now seen as a critical skill that can be developed and nurtured over time. The ability to bounce back after setbacks or failures is not just a personal asset but also a professional one, particularly in today’s rapidly changing world.Educators have begun to incorporate resilience-building activities into their curricula, recognizing that academic success is not solely dependent on intelligence or hard work. Instead, it is increasingly acknowledged that emotional intelligence, adaptability, and the willingness to take risks play crucial roles in achieving long-term goals. For instance, students who are taught to view failure as a learning opportunity rather than a personal shortcoming are more likely to persist through challenges and ultimately succeed.In the business world, resilience is equally important. Companies that can adapt to market changes and overcome obstacles tend to outperform those that cannot. Leaders who demonstrate resilience inspire confidence in their teams and foster a culture of perseverance and innovation. Moreover, resilient organizations are better equipped to manage crises, such as economic downturns or unexpected disruptions, by leveraging their agility and flexibility.Mental health professionals also emphasize the importance of resilience. They argue that building resilience can help individuals cope with stress, anxiety, and depression. Techniques such as mindfulness, positive thinking, andsocial support are effective tools in developing this trait. By cultivating these practices, individuals can improve their mental well-being and lead more fulfilling lives.Despite the growing recognition of resilience, there are still challenges in its implementation. For example, some critics argue that the emphasis on resilience may overlook systemic issues that contribute to adversity. Others point out that not everyone has equal access to resources that promote resilience, such as quality education or supportive communities. Therefore, while resilience is a valuable trait, it is essential to address broader societal factors that affect individuals’ ability to thrive.Questions:1、According to the passage, what is the primary definition of resilience?•A) The ability to avoid difficulties.•B) The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.•C) The willingness to take risks.•D) The skill to adapt to market changes.•Answer: B2、How do educators incorporate resilience into their teaching?•A) By focusing solely on intelligence and hard work.•B) By discouraging students from taking risks.•C) By teaching students to view failure as a learning opportunity.•D) By emphasizing the importance of avoiding challenges.•Answer: C3、What advantage do resilient companies have in the business world?•A) They are less likely to face market changes.•B) They tend to outperform less adaptable companies.•C) They avoid taking any risks.•D) They rely solely on traditional methods.•Answer: B4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a technique for building resilience in mental health?•A) Mindfulness.•B) Positive thinking.•C) Social support.•D) Physical exercise.•Answer: D5、What challenge is mentioned regarding the implementation of resilience?•A) The concept of resilience is too new to be understood.•B) There is a lack of interest in developing resilience.•C) Some people may not have equal access to resources that promote resilience.•D) Resilience is only beneficial for personal, not professional, development.•Answer: CSecond QuestionPassage:The traditional view of the relationship between women and technology has been one of conflict and resistance. Historically, women have been underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This underrepresentation can be attributed to various factors, including societal biases, stereotypes, and discrimination. However, recent studies and initiatives have highlighted the significant contributions women have made to technological advancements, challenging the notion that women are naturally less capable or interested in technology.In the late 19th century, Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician, is often cited as the first computer programmer for her insights into Charles Babbage’s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine. Lovelace not only programmed the machine but also foresaw its potential for future applications, including what could be considered modern computing. Her detailed notes on the Analytical Engine are considered the first algorithm written for a machine.During the 20th century, women like Grace Hopper continued to make groundbreaking contributions. As a naval reserve officer in the U.S. Navy, Hopper developed the first compiler to translate code written in English into machine language, which helped to simplify programming. She also coined the term “debugging,” coined from the removal of a moth that was jamming an earlycomputer. Her contributions were significant, paving the way for modern programming languages.In more recent times, women like propName (a pseudonym to protect her privacy) have been challenging gender biases and stereotypes within tech companies. PropName, a software engineer, has shared her experiences and insights on how to create more inclusive workplace cultures. Through interviews, articles, and public speaking engagements, PropName has advocated for equal opportunities and supported initiatives that aim to increase female representation in tech.Despite these advances, challenges remain. Intersectional factors such as race, socioeconomic status, and personal identity continue to influence the experiences of women in technology. For instance, women of color often face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities and lack of role models. Nonetheless, the narrative is shifting as more women come forward with their stories and the tech industry begins to recognize the importance of diversity and inclusion.1、Who is Ada Lovelace considered to be in the history of computing?1、Ada Lovelace is considered the first computer programmer.2、What is Grace Hopper known for contributing to the tech industry?2、Grace Hopper is known for developing the first compiler and coining the term “debugging.”3、What is the pseudonym of the software engineer who advocated for equal opportunities and supported diversity initiatives?3、The pseudonym of the software engineer is propName.4、What additional barriers do women of color face in the tech industry, according to the passage?4、Women of color face additional barriers due to systemic inequalities anda lack of role models.5、What is the significance of the changing narrative in the tech industry according to the passage?5、The significance of the changing narrative is that the tech industry is recognizing the importance of diversity and inclusion.第三题For this part, you will read a passage. After reading the passage, you must complete the table below with the information given in the passage. Some of the information may be given in the passage; other information you will have to write in your own words.P了个G is an entertainment company based in Los Angeles. It specializes in pop musiccontracts and record producing. The company was founded in 1964 by Terry Melcher, who wanted to create a recording contract that would give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their music. Over the years, P了个G has become one of the most successful entertainment companies, working with some of the biggest pop stars in the world.The company’s business model is centered on its contracts. These contrac ts are designed to help artists achieve financial success while giving them asignificant share of the profits from their music. The contracts also provide artistic freedom for the artists, allowing them to have creative control over their work.1、What is the main focus of P了个G’s company?A. Book publishingB. Film productionC. Pop music contracts and record producingD. Fashion design2、Who founded P了个G?A. Barry MelcerB. Terry MelcherC. Bob MelcerD. Jim Melcer3、What is one of the key benefits of the contracts offered by P了个G?A. Higher salaryB. Creative controlC. Exclusive merchandise sales rightsD. More opportunities for international exposure4、Why was P了个G founded?A. To give artists the opportunity to keep more of their earnings and retain better control over their musicB. To specialize in book publishingC. To produce filmsD. To design clothing5、How has P了个G become successful?A. By working with independent book publishersB. By producing high-quality filmsC. By specializing in pop music contracts and record producingD. By designing trendy fashionAnswers:1、C2、B3、B4、A5、C第四题Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.In recent years, the rise of social media has had a significant impact on the way we communicate and share information. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have become integral parts of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe, share our thoughts and experiences, and even influence public opinion. However, this shift in communication has also raised concerns about the impact on traditional reading habits.The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers has been a topic of discussion among educators and researchers. Many argue that the ease of accessing information online has led to a decrease in deep reading and critical thinking skills. While online content is often concise and easy to digest, it lacks the depth and complexity that printed materials provide. This has raised questions about the future of literacy and the importance of reading for personal and intellectual development.One study conducted by researchers at the University of California, Irvine, found that students who spent more time on social media were less likely to engage in deep reading activities. The researchers noted that the constant stream of information and the need to keep up with the latest posts created a sense of urgency and distraction that hindered their ability to focus on longer, more complex texts. Moreover, the study suggested that the superficial nature of much online content contributed to a decline in overall literacy skills.Despite these concerns, some argue that social media can also be a valuable tool for promoting reading. Platforms like Goodreads and Book Riot have gained popularity, allowing book lovers to share recommendations, discuss favorite titles, and even organize virtual book clubs. These communities have the potential to inspire individuals to pick up a book and delve into a new story or topic.1、What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of social mediaB) The decline of traditional reading habitsC) The impact of social media on educationD) The rise of online communities2、According to the passage, what has been a concern regarding the rise of social media?A) The increase in online communitiesB) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapersC) The decrease in critical thinking skillsD) The rise in book sales3、What study mentioned in the passage found about students using social media?A) They spent more time on deep reading activities.B) They were more likely to engage in critical thinking.C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.D) They preferred online content over printed materials.4、How does the passage suggest social media can be a valuable tool for promoting reading?A) By providing concise and easy-to-digest information.B) By encouraging superficial reading habits.C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.D) By creating a sense of urgency and distraction.5、What is the overall tone of the passage regarding the impact of socialmedia on reading?A) NegativeB) PositiveC) NeutralD) AmbiguousAnswers:1、B) The decline of traditional reading habits2、B) The decline in reading traditional books and newspapers3、C) They were less likely to engage in deep reading activities.4、C) By allowing book lovers to share recommendations and discuss titles.5、D) Ambiguous三、阅读理解新题型（10分）PassageArtificial Intelligence: A Path to Future Innovation and ChallengesArtificial intelligence (AI) has been a key buzzword in recent years. With the rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms and the increasing availability of big data, AI is transforming nearly every industry and field. AI systems can now perform tasks that were once thought to require human intelligence, such as natural language processing, image recognition, and decision-making. These capabilities are largely due to the development of deep learning neural networks, which enable AI to learn from vast datasets and improveover time.However, as AI continues to grow, it also raises significant ethical and societal concerns. For example, AI could be used to discriminate against certain groups, leading to unfair hiring practices or biased decision-making. Privacy concerns are another major issue, as AI may collect and analyze large amounts of personal data without proper oversight. As AI becomes more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial for society to address these challenges through a combination of technological advances and policy measures.In this changing landscape, the role of researchers and policymakers is more important than ever. Academics and experts need to continue developing AI technologies that are robust and fair, while policymakers must ensure that AI is used ethically and for the betterment of society.Questions1.What is the primary reason AI is transforming nearly every industry and field?A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.B. The decreasing cost of big data storage.C. The development of new types of computer processors.D. The improvement in user interface and interaction design.Answer: A. The rapid advancement in machine learning algorithms.2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern related to the use of AI?A. Discrimination against certain groups.B. Privacy concerns.C. Job displacement.D. Unfair hiring practices.Answer: C. Job displacement. (Not explicitly mentioned in the passage.)3.What capability has AI demonstrated in recent years?A. Predicting stock market trends.B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.C. Designing new molecular compounds.D. Creating complex artworks.Answer: B. Performing tasks requiring human intelligence, such as natural language processing.4.What is the role of policymakers in addressing the challenges posed by the integration of AI into society?A. To ensure ethical use of AI.B. To develop AI technologies.C. To collect and analyze personal data.D. To promote the use of AI in industries.Answer: A. To ensure ethical use of AI.5.What is the significance of the role of researchers and experts in this changing landscape?A. To address technological challenges.B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.C. To control the distribution of AI tools.D. To manage AI-related privacy concerns.Answer: B. To develop robust and fair AI technologies.This passage and the associated questions are designed to test the examinee’s comprehension and analytical skills regarding the topic of artificial intelligence, including its benefits, challenges, and the roles of various stakeholders.四、翻译（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）第一题中文：Translate the following passage into English.随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的渠道日益多样化。

大学英语四级试题和答案

大学英语四级试卷ld write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 应试教育现状及其原因;2. 素质教育的优点;3. 你的观点。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Selling Expertise on the Internet for Extra CashTeresa Estes, a licensed mental-health counselor, watched as business at her private practice decreased last year. Then the single mother turned to her keyboard to boost her income.Ms. Estes applied to become an “expert” on LivePerson Inc., a Web sit e where clients pay for online chat time with professionals and advisers of all fields. For $1.89 a minute — a rate she set — the 39-year-old from Marianna, Fla., dispenses advice to clients around the globe. She spends about four hours a day online, often at night, when her daughter has gone to bed.“It was the economy,” she says of her move to take her skills online. “Live Person is more profitable than my private practice.” Ms. Estes had charged her private clients up to $75 an hour.As the recession deepens, a small but growing number of people are taking their skills online, offering expertise or performing specified tasks for a fee. Labor-at-the-keyboard sites are gaining popularity as people increasingly turn to the Web in search of work. Internet job-search sites saw a 51% rise in traffic from January 2008 to January 2009, according to comScore Media Metrix, to 26.7 million unique visitors.Among the many fee-for-service Web sites out there, at least three are attracting a significant number of users —though consumers should exercise a healthy degree of skepticism when consulting any of these sites. Live Person seeks out experts on a slew of topics, including mental health, financial services, shopping and fashion, as well as psychics and spiritual advisers. Mechanical Turk, a Web service run by Inc., pays workers to perform tasks, such as cataloging products online. Associated Content pays contributors to write articles on a wide range of subjects, from organic flower gardening to how to apply for financial aid.Live Person went public in 2001, and the current version of the site was launched in late 2007. Today, the site has 30,000 registered experts, attracting an average of 100,000 people a year who pay for the offered services, says Chief Executive Officer Robert LoCascio. Roughly 3,500 people have made contributing to the site their full-time job, he says.Live Person says it vets contributors’ qualifications, such as medical licenses or financial certification, through a third party, and relies heavily on its community reviews. Some 200 people a day apply to be Live Person experts, up from 120 a year ago, says Mr. LoCascio. Once cleared, advisers work with clients on a cost-per-minute basis set by the adviser. The site takes a commission of between 30% and 35%.Associated Content, by contrast, reviews submissions in house and then decides how much to pay for them. The site, which specializes in how-to pieces and feature stories on news topics, had 237,000 registered contributors and more than one million content pieces as of February, bothabout double from the same month a year ago.After posting the content, the site sells advertisements against it and distributes it to other companies, such as online shoe retailer Zappos, which use the content on their own Web sites. If Associated Content accepts a submission (it says it rejects about 25% of them), the author gets between $5 and $30, plus $1.50 for each 1,000 page views. An ability to write “search-engine-optimized” co ntent, an industry term for generating good Google results, helps, says site founder Luke Beatty.People are not only looking for payment but also establishing their credentials “as somebody with experience”, he says. Writing about a specific profession, such as law or real estate, helps raise a person’s profile online, enhancing his job searches, says Mr. Beatty.Sabah Karimi, a 26-year-old from Orlando, Fla., left a career in marketing to become a full-time freelance writer and now spends between 8 and 10 hours a week writing for Associated Content. She has been at it for about three years and says she earns roughly $1,000 a month from her past and current submissions.Ms. Karimi cautions newcomers to Associated Content that it takes time to build up earnings. She says she learned how to write articles that would bring traffic and often looks for newsy ideas that will attract readers.Mechanical Turk, by contrast, is based on “crowd sourcing”, or breaking a task into lots of tiny pieces and giving it to a big group of people to complete quickly. Most of these jobs — which the site calls HITs, for human intelligence tasks — pay just a few cents. Efficient MTurkers, as they call themselves, can make more than $100 a week doing things such as finding someone’s email address or labeling images of a particular animal in a photograph.Amazon says that MTurk now has 200,000 workers from 100 different countries, but it doesn’t keep track of past figures.The site — named for an 18th-century stunt involving a turbaned chess-playing “machine” with an actual chess master hidden within — began as a way to help Amazon manage its product database, says Sharon Chiarella, vice president of Amazon Mechanical Turk. Amazon uses the site to help sort images and content, paying people a few cents a task. Mechanical Turk also serves a variety of companies who need Web tasks performed, especially those that require a human element. Test-prep startup Knewton Inc., for example, uses it extensively for focus-group-type tasks, as well as enlisting people to take its practice tests.Keri Knutson, a mother of five from Independence, La., discovered Mechanical Turk when her eldest son was headed for college. Ms. Knutson, now 45, needed money for his tuition and fees. She took on all kinds of low-paying but easy tasks at the beginning, from finding a place to purchase a specific item to identifying the name of a street in a photograph.People looking to make money online as fee-for-service experts should read the fine print. Live Person has one of the more formal payment systems, requiring users to sign up for an account before talking with an expert. Some sites, including Associated Content and Mechanical Turk, reserve the right to refuse payment if a task is not completed satisfactorily.Most sites have a robust community of workers who regularly offer one another tips on which tasks pay the best. Mechanical Turk users have an independent site called Turker Nation (), which reviews the companies that solicit (索求) and pay for tasks so that workers can check a company’s record before taking on a task.Consumers who use these sites also need to exercise caution. Relying on legal or medicaladvice from an unknown online source has obvious drawbacks, and the Web sites acknowledge that some users have registered complaints about the advice offered on the sites. LivePerson warns consumers to offer their financial and personal details with care.For the workers on these sites, even incremental sources of income are helpful these days. Ms. Knutson now spends the majority of her time transcribing Web audio and video for clients, earning about $250 a week for 30 hours of work. She says she has seen more competition lately but is determined to keep up her weekly pace.“If I didn’t have this money,” she says, “we’d be struggling to find what to eat every week.”1. What is the passage mainly talking about?A) The economic recession will last a few years.B) More people are taking their skills online to make money.C) Asking for advice through the Internet is a good way to solve your problems.D) People shouldn’t release their financial and personal details online.2. Live Person Inc. is a Web site where ___________.A) people chat with each other and make friends freelyB) professionals and advisers help others for freeC) people pay money for applying to become an expertD) clients pay for online chat time with professionals and advisers3. Why are labor-at-the-keyboard sites gaining popularity?A) Because people love to work on the Internet.B) Because more people are finding jobs on the Internet.C) Because people are being asked to work on the Internet.D) Because working on the Internet is easier than other ways of working.4. How much will an expert get through Live Person if a client pays $10?A) $3 to $3.5. B) $10. C) $6.5 to $7. D) $5.5. Mechanical Turk originated as a method to _________.A) label images of a particular animal in a photographB) serve a variety of companies who need Web tasks performedC) help Amazon manage its product databaseD) find someone’s email address6. What does Turker Nation do?A) It reserves the right to refuse payment if a task is not completed satisfactorily.B) It relies on legal or medical advice from an unknown online source.C) It registers complaints about the advice offered on the site.D) It reviews the companies that solicit and pay for tasks.7. What does Ms. Knutson spend the majority of her time doing?A) Finding a place to purchase a specific item.B) Identifying the name of a street in a photograph.C) Transcribing Web audio and video for clients.D) Struggling to find what to eat every week.8. Associated Content pays contributors to write articles on a wide range of subjects, from organic flower gardening to how to ______________.9. Live Person says it vets contributors’ qualifications through a third party, and relies heavily on its _______.10. Amazon says that MTurk now has 200,000 workers from ______________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)■Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.11. A) It will be better to say nothing to Paul.B) Paul himself will come to talk to them.C) The man should be the one to speak to Paul.D) The man should replace the radio before she talks to Paul.12. A) Not give any suggestions to Jack.B) Not see Jack any more.C) Not listen to Jack’s words.D) Not save his words on Jack.13. A) They should give up talking.B) They should both make a compromise.C) They can meet next time.D) They are both halfway.14. A) He likes rings very much.B) He often burns holes in his new coats.C) He’s very extravagant with money.D) He is very poor.15. A) She missed the bus.B) She caught the bus.C) She got up five minutes earlier than usual.D) She likes getting up early in the morning.16. A) In the library.B) In the college bookstore.C) At a news-stand.D) At a department store.17. A) Teacher and student.B) Doctor and patient.C) Manager and office worker.D) Travel agent and customer.18. A) Move the washing machine to the basement.B) Turn the basement into a workshop.C) Repair the washing machine.D) Finish her assignment.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She will go to see her brother.B) She will go to Hawaii with her family.C) She will stay at home with her family.D) She will find a part-time job.20. A) Very exciting. B) Too bad.C) Very boring. D) Not too bad.21. A) A new bicycle. B) A new dictionary.C) A new computer. D) A new cellphone.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) She has a good chance to study abroad but she doesn’t have enough money.B) Her parents don’t want her to go too far away from them.C) She won’t have as many vacations as she has as a student.D) She wants to study abroad but she has been offered a good job.23. A) It is not as good as studying abroad.B) He thinks being a teacher is boring.C) It is a good opportunity.D) He thinks the salary for the job is too low.24. A) Asking her friends for advice.B) Making the choice by herself.C) Asking her parents for advice.D) Asking her teachers for advice.25. A) Choose to be an English teacher.B) Give up both opportunities.C) Study overseas.D) Teach English for a few years before going abroad.■Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) About 40%. B) About 46%. C) About 80%. D) About 54%.27. A) People in South Korea are no longer interested in Hollywood movies.B) It is much cheaper to see a local movie than a Hollywood one.C) Hollywood’s films are not as good as before.D) South Korea’s film industry has developed a lot.28. A) They are releasing the movies first in America and then in other countries.B) They are releasing the movies in America and other countries at the same time.C) They send people who sell illegally copied movies to court.D) They encourage people to buy legal DVDs by giving a high discount.29. A) Many people believe that DVDs are not of good quality.B) People are more likely to get movies from the Internet.C) Some people think that DVDs are very expensive.D) People like watching TV better than watching DVDs.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Once. B) Twice.C) Three times. D) Four times.31. A) He was the president with the longest presidency.B) He led the American people through the Great Depression.C) He led the American people through the First World War.D) He was the most influential president in American history.32. A) On April 12, 1944. B) On April 12, 1945.C) On July 12, 1944. D) On July 12, 1945.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Cooking food. B) Boiling water.C) Killing bacteria. D) Generating electricity.34. A) The parabolic cooker. B) The panel cooker.C) The box cooker. D) It’s not mentioned.35. A) Solar CookersB) How to Use Solar OvensC) How to Cook MealsD) How to Choose Solar Ovens■Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Some people’s ears produce wax like busy little bees. This can be a problem even though earwax appears to serve an important purpose. Experts say it protects and cleans the ear. It (36)_______ dirt and other matter and keeps (37)_______ out. Doctors think it might also help protect against (38)_______. And the waxy oil keeps ears from getting too dry. So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. There are two kinds of cerumen. Most people of (39)_______ or African ancestry have the “wet” kind: thick and (40)_______. East Asians commonly have “dry” earwax.But you can have too much of a good thing. The glands in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax is normally (41)_______; it falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can (42)_______ and form a blockage that (43)_______ with sound waves and reduces hearing. (44)____________________________________________. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot of damage.Experts suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. (45)_________________________. Another way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. (46)__________________ ____________________________. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)■ Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 47 lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to 48 rock music.The term “rock and roll” now covers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 49 rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.50 , defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.Classic rock and roll is 51 played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 52 rock and roll styles of the late 1940s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally 53 or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s.The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a 54 social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, 55 lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially 56 backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply “rock music” or “rock”.A) define I) followedB) characteristic J) modernC) unique K) explanationD) roots L) ConverselyE) usually M) replacedF) Basically N) prepareG) earliest O) seldomH) influenced■Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.According to a report, around 30,000 pupils started secondary school last year with the math skills of a seven-year-old. MPs (国会议员) warned that many young people would need “expensive” remedial lessons in later life to get a job — posing major problems for the economy. The findings came just months after Ofsted(教育标准办公室)claimed almost half of math lessonsin English schools were not good enough. It said many teachers relied on textbooks and mundane exercises to make sure pupils passed exams at the expense of a proper understanding of the subject. MPs backed the conclusions, saying too many pupils found lessons “boring”. They insisted improvements had been made under Labor but achievement had “leveled off” in recent years.In 2008, 79 percent of pupils met the Government’s expected standard at the end of primary school, well short of the 85 percent target set for 2006. Around five percent moved to secondary school with the math skills of a seven- year-old, said the committee. In 2006, ￡2.3 billion was spent teaching the subject. It equates to around a quarter of the ￡10 billion total budget for primary teaching and support staff.The report said the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) needed to “radically rethink its strategy for improving pup il attainment; otherwise we seriously doubt that the department will meet its 2011 target”. The target demands that 84.5 percent of pupils will make the necessary progress between 7 and 11.Last year, the DCSF published a major review of math education in England to boost standards. It called for a math specialist in every primary school within 10 years and more emphasis on mathematical “play” in nursery schools. Mr. Leigh said, “The department’s 10-year program to train 13,000 specialist math teachers will not benefit some primary schools for another decade. That’s far too long; the department needs to look for ways to accelerate the program.” Sarah McCarthy Fry, the Schools Minister, said, “We have already accepted the main recommendation from a recent independent review of primary math that every school should have a specialist math teacher and have pledged ￡24 million over the next three years for a training program for teachers.”Nick Gibb, the Tory shadow schools secretary, said, “The Government i s not getting value for the money they have piled into education and the country is falling behind in international league tables as a result. The Government has failed to replace methods of teaching which have failed with tried and tested methods used in countries that have much higher levels of math achievement.”57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) 30,000 pupils started secondary school with poor math skills.B) MPs insist more improvements should be made under Labor.C) Young people need medical lessons to get a job.D) Half of English schools were not good enough.58. According to the passage, what happened in 2006?A) 21% of pupils didn’t meet the Government’s expected standard.B) The target set for 2006 was 87 percent.C) ￡2.3 billion was spent on math teaching.D) The total budget for primary teaching and support staff was ￡5 billion in 2006.59. What will people probably do to improve math education in England?A) Spend money on training specialist math teachers.B) Hire a math specialist for every primary school.C) Allow pupils to have more mathematical “play”.D) Spend more time on math education.60. What do Nick Gibb’s words mean?A) The British government should put more money into math education.B) Britain is falling behind in the international knowledge competition.C) The British government should learn from other countries’ failures.D) The British government should change their teaching methods every few years.61. W hat’s the passage mainly talking about?A) There aren’t enough math teachers in British primary schools.B) The British government didn’t spend enough money on math education.C) British pupils are not good at math.D) Math lessons in British primary schools need to be improved.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Bananas, always the fashion victims of the produce section, are wearing another new label this spring. Bananas with “Fair Trade Certified” stick ers have been available in the United States since October. They represent the new front of an international effort to help first-world consumers improve the living standards of the third-world farmers who grow much of their food.By expanding its reach to the produce section, Fair Trade is now trying to reach the American supermarket shopper. Fair Trade deals directly with farmer cooperatives. It helps organize, avoiding brokers (代理人) and middlemen. It guarantees higher prices for the farmers’ goods and helps them set up schools and health clinics.The Fair Trade movement took root in Europe in the 1990’s as a way of bolstering coffee farmers as prices were collapsing. Since Fair Trade began, more than a million coffee growers and other farmers have joined cooperatives that sell their products through Fair Trade channels instead of directly to a commercial producer.Not everyone is greeting the Fair Trade label with open arms. Several American coffee importers recently pulled out of Fair Trade, citi ng TransFair’s “corporate friendly” policies that allow large companies to use the Fair Trade logo in their marketing even if only a small amount of the company’s overall purchases are Fair Trade certified.Edmund LaMacchia, the national produce coordinator for Whole Foods, said Fair Trade is only one of many consumer choices. “Whole Foods has its own team of inspectors and has no plans to carry Fair Trade products”, Mr. LaMacchia said. “Our standards are higher than Fair Trade’s, actually.” Fair Trade i s only one of several labels your bananas might be wearing this year. Another is that of the Rainforest Alliance, which certifies the use of sustainable agriculture methods.So far, though, Fair Trade is the biggest. A Fair Trade label by itself does not guarantee an organic product, but most Fair Trade bananas are also organic, Ms. Bourque said, because pesticides are usually too costly for the small farmers who grow them. If the bananas are organic, they will be labeled as such, and will probably be wearing a sticker to prove it.62. Why are bananas wearing “Fair Trade Certified” stickers?A) It means bananas are the fashion victims of the produce section.B) It means bananas have got a new label.C) It means bananas with these stickers are available in the United States.D) It represents an international effort to help the third-world farmers.63. What does Fair Trade do?A) It helps farmers sell their products for a higher profit.B) It appoints brokers and middlemen to deal with farmer cooperatives.C) It brings down the price of farmers’ goods.D) It sets up schools and health clinics for American farmers.64. What was the original purpose of the Fair Trade movement?A) To cooperate with coffee growers and other farmers.B) To help coffee farmers as prices were collapsing.C) To prevent farmers from selling their products to commercial producers.D) To sell products through coffee growers and other farmers.65. What can we infer from this passage?A) American coffee importers will never buy their products through Fair Trade channels.B) Fair Trade is the only label that bananas might be wearing this year.C) Not every consumer considers Fair Trade products the only choice.D) Whole Foods and the Rainforest Alliance are more influential than Fair Trade.66. What is the best title for this passage?A) Helping the Third World: One Banana at a TimeB) Consumers Face More ChoicesC) Fair Trade — the Best StickerD) The Fair Trade MovementPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Everyone knows hand washing is important. But a new study shows how washing your hands 67 , and at the right time, can have a big impact on your family’s risk of getting sick.Most studies on hand washing focus on 68 and food service workers. But this month’s American Journal of Infection Control focuses on washing hands at 69 as a way to stop infections from 70 . Several studies show hands are the single most important 71 route for all types of infections.Even though most people know to wash their hands after using the toilet or handling a diaper (尿布), studies 72 many people are still ending up with germs on their hands.One study looked in homes of 73 recently vaccinated against polio (脊髓灰质炎). After vaccination, the virus is74 to be shed in the baby’s feces (粪便). Researchers found the virus on 13 percent of bathroom, living room and kitchen surfaces. 75 the virus from the vaccine didn’t pose a health risk, feces-borne viruses can 76 through the home.Doorknobs and toilet flush handles are key 77 of germ transmission in the home. That’s why people should focus on cleaning such surfaces 78 and always wash their hands after touching them. In one study, a 79 touched a door handle contaminated with a virus. He then shook hands 80 other volunteers, and spread the virus to six people.The study authors note that the timing of hand washing is key. It’s 81 to wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food. Other crucial times for hand washing are after 82 a diaper or cleaning up after a pet, or after touching garbage cans, dish rags and utensils that may have come 83 contact with raw food.While it may be hard to 84 that something as simple as regular hand washing can make a。

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2008考研英语真题与答案

2008年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] got down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. ―Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,‖ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased ―opportunities‖ for stress. ―It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,‖ says Dr. Yehuda. ―Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,‖ she observes, ―it’s just that they’re deal ing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.‖Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. ―I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.‖Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. ―I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.‖ Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. ―It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pa y the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.‖Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Al varez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24. The sentence ―I lived from paycheck to paycheck.‖ (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered h er household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal edi tor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people –especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. ―In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,‖ says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height –5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women –hasn’t really changed since 1960. Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. ―There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,‖ says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, sen ior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, ―you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.‖31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves. That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slave s. Owning slaves was ―like having a large bank account,‖ says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the ―peculiar institution,‖ including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrowvictory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jef ferson freed Hemings’s children –though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41) -------Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft.(42) ------- Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on whatyou are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) ------- Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44) ------- These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions. Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) -------Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of incl uding that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawye r or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2008年硕士研究生考试英语真题详解完型填空1、答案：B解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。

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• You could view your business like these maps of the world?
• You could identify trends and compare your business to your competitors with respect to the market?
Department Category Brand Product
24
Product Dimension
Novels
Textbooks
Time
2005 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2006 Q1 Q2
Clothes
Electronics
Books
Product
25
Sales by Book Category
20
What
Product Hierarchy
Department
Drill Down into Department
Category
- Clothes - Electronics - Books
Brand
Product
21
Product Dimension
Time
2005 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
• What should the company do?
• Increase advertisements and incentives for textbooks to students
30
Executive Dashboards
31
Monitoring Your Business
• Management by Objective (MBO)
2006 Q1 Q2
Clothes
Electronics
Books
Product
22
Sales By Department
10.3%
Q1 ‘06
10.4%
Q1 ‘06
Dept
Clothes
Electronics
8.7%
Q1 ‘06
10%
Books
23
Drill Down into Books
Product Hierarchy
46
– Sales -- revenue targets – Customer Support -- customer satisfaction
• Key Performance Indicators (KPI)
– Measure performance
• Dashboard Displays KPIs
company’s lines of business Online dashboard Automated e-mail alerts Extensive web marketing analytics Cost-effective month-to-month subscription
Business Intelligence: Big Results with a Small Budget
Jeff Pittges Assistant Professor Radford University /~jpittges / 540-831-5175
WDeatkaa
MMiinniinngg
Pentaho
Extract Transform Load Data Integration (ETL)
40
41
Service Providers
Software as a Service (SaaS) On Demand Hosted Applications
Q4
2006 Q1
Q2
Clothes
Electronics
Books
Product
Novels
Textbooks
29
Analysis
• Sales of textbooks to customers under 25 (students) fell well short of expectations
THE REAL WORLD
HIGH TECH EXPORTS 2019
7
Source: world
What If
QuickTime?and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompr essor
are needed to see this pictur e.
OLAP
The process of slicing and dicing data:
– Drill Down – Drill Up – Drill Across
15
OLAP Example
Analyze quarterly sales
– Expected 10% increase in revenue – Realized a 9.5% increase – Why did quarterly revenue fall short
– Color coded Green Yellow Red
32
Example Dashboard
33
Clicking on Virginia drills down to Inventory by City
Inventory Level
Alexandria Richmond Roanoke
34
• Estimate
– Customer satisfaction and renewal rate
• Classify
– Fraud Detection
37
Business Intelligence Tools
38
Enterprise Architecture
Production Systems
Category
10.6% Q1 ‘06
Novels
6.8%
Q1 ‘06 Textbooks
10%
26
Who
Customer Dimension
• Age group • Gender • Marital status • Occupation • Annual income
27
Drill Down into Age Group
17
When
Time Dimension
Year Quarter Month Week Day
18
Time Dimension
2005 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2006 Q1 Q2
19
Time
Sales by Quarter
$100
$109.5 9.5%
Quarter
Q1 ‘05
Q1 ‘06
11
Drowning in Data Starving for Information
12
Data Warehousing
13
Warehouses Report the Facts
• Who • What • When • Where • Why
14
OnLine Analytical Processing
42
Attaain Inc.
Active Intelligence for Strategic Advantage™
Competitive Intelligence
Real-time intelligence Companies, people and markets
Easy to use, web-based system Customized tracking according to your
of expectations?
16
Investigate the Facts
• Why were sales short of expectations? • When
– Comhat -- Product hierarchy • Who -- Customers
Industry Background
2
Going Global
The following slides were presented by Paul Grossman at the
February 2009 NCTC Technology & Toast

3
THE REAL WORLD
43
RU Can Help You
• Six Concentrations
Computer Science Database Information Systems Software Engineering Networking Web Development
• Internships and Permanent positions • Small Project Support Center
Data Mining
Knowledge Discovery Identify patterns in your data
35
Market Basket Analysis
Identify items purchased together
36
Data Mining Tasks
• Predict
– Churn Analysis – Increase response rate
External Data
Sources
Extract
Reporting OLAP
Data Warehouse
Load
GUI
Data Mining