第三篇 常用翻译技巧
Unit 3 翻译的方法
直译 (Literal Translation):就是指译文不但完整而正确地 表达原文的内容,而且还基本上保留原文表达的形式,比 如保留原文所使用的词语、句子结构、修辞手法等,如原 文中的比喻,原文的形象,原文的民族特色等等。 By literal translation, you can get the original meaning preserving the way of expression without destroying the stylistic features and rhetoric images.
Are there any other similar Chinese expressions? Which translation do you prefer?
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SECTION 2
5.He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped away his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. What is the similar Chinese expression of “crocodile tears ”? A.他走在送葬队伍的前头, 还不时用一条大手绢抹去 他那鳄鱼泪。 B.他走在送葬队伍的前头, 还不时用一条大手绢假惺 惺的抹眼泪。 C. 他走在送葬队伍的前头,做出一副猫哭老鼠的样子搽 眼泪。
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SECTION 3
3. Let sleeping dogs lie. A.让睡着的狗躺着。 B别惹麻烦。 4. Love me, love my dog. A.爱我,也爱我的狗吧。 B.爱屋及乌。 5. He who has mind to beat his dog will easily find a stick. A.要想打狗就很容易找到一根棍子。 B.欲加之罪,何患无辞。
Unit3 词汇翻议技巧(2)
3)介词 英译汉时很多介词可以省略,汉译英时则需根据英语 的行文需要增加适当的介词。 接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。 I jumped with joy when I received the letter. 那是老舍写的。 It was written by Lao She. 4) 关联词 英译汉时有些关联词可以省略不译,汉译英时则需根 据具体语境增加适当的关联词语。 小孩子受了惊吓就会哭。 Little children will cry when they are frightened. 他不愿意,我们干吗强迫他干? If he is unwilling, why should we force him to do it? 或:Why should we force him to do it since he is
Chinese-English Translation
第三章 词汇翻译技巧(2) 增词、减词、释义、反译
A. 增词
翻译时无法一个萝卜一个坑,将原文中每一个词转 换成译文中的另一个词,而应该有所增减,即有时需 在译文中增加一些原文字面上没有的词语,有时则要 将原文需要而译文显得多余的词省去不译,前者称为 增词法,后者称为减词法。不管增词还是减词,目的 都是为了使译文变得更加通顺流畅,符合译入语的行 文习惯。
增词与省词小结
增词:原文“虽无其字但有其义”,译文即 可考虑增词。即并非可以随意增词。(增词 不增义) 省词:译文“虽无其字但已有其义”,则原 文某些词语可以略去不译,即并非随意删削 。(省词不省义) 一般而言,语言A译为语言B时须增词的,在 语言B译为语言A时则须减词,反之亦然。
2)减省动词 参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之 后,他 ……。 After the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he … 一架从昆明起飞的小飞机载着我们飞越群山 ,把我们送到了景洪。 A small plane from Kunming carried us over the mountains and sent us to Jinghong.
英汉互译简明教程(第二版)课件10 第三篇 语序的调整
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状语
1.英汉状语次序一致
• 1.2. 置于句首,表示时间、地点、原因、条件、关涉对象 和比较等,译成英语时,通常用介词短语、分词短语、独 立分词结构或从句。
• 因有风暴,野餐延期了。 • On account of the storm, the picnic was postponed. • 如果天气合适,我们要到西山去玩。 • Weather permitting, we'll go on an excursion to the Western
实用英汉翻译
第三篇 汉译英常用技巧 (2) 语序的调整
Contents
• Lead-in • 定语 • 状语 • Assignment
2
Lead-in
• 我是中国人。 • I am Chinese. • 私は中国人です。
主+谓+宾 主+宾+谓
定语
1.定语的位置
• 1.1 所修饰的词(中心词)前 单词做定语(与汉语一致)
定语的位置
1.3 与所修饰的词分开
• What do you have to say in this regard? • to say 修饰 what • I saw something in the paper which might interest you. • which might interest you 修饰 something
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状语
3.状语从句的位置
• 3.1 汉语中,表示时间、条件、让步、原因等的从句通常 位于主语之前,但英语中,既可位于主句之前,也可位于 主句之后。
英语精读第三篇翻译、答案.doc
Unit 3Text AComprehension of text1.He changed his perspective and observed people who did not have smallpox.2.He wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.3.He compares the human brain to a computer and the change of one's point of view to the reprogramming of the computer.4.1t is to fight it.5.He calls it vertical thinking.6.He used the technique of lateral thinking.7.The key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the problem head-on.8.They should change their point of view and regard themselves as their body's keeper.9.Very often lateral thinking yields much better results than vertical thinking.10.It is approaching the target from a sideways point of view instead of approaching it directly.Vocabulary1 .tactic 2.utmost 3. structure 6.head-on 7.dead end 8.erased 11.ceased 12.flaw 13.implies 4. slack 5. significance9. framework 10. vertical ;vertical 14. affirmed1.wound up being 3.take in 5.take over2pulling on 4.in effect 6.ended up teachingWord building1 .approach 2.fought 3.cure5.focus6.approach 7 .program 9 switch 10.escape 11.fail 4.pressured8. experienced 12.escapedassistant accountant servant contestant defendant consultantdependent attendant inhabitant occupant1 attendant 2. servant 3.consultans 4.contestant 5. accountant 6 occupants 7.assistant 8 inhabitants 9.dependants lO.defendantStructurel.of use2.of great importance3.of great/critical/extreme significance4.of little value5.of marked benefit6.of invaluable help1.should have told me at once2.2.should have told me beforehand3.3.should have left the company long ago4.never should have happened5.should have left thirty minutes ago6.should have phonedClozeI- 5 CDBDA6-10BBDBBII-15 CABDCTransition一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。
钱歌川《翻译的技巧》述评
科技资讯2016 NO.30SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION学 术 论 坛147科技资讯 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION 1 作者及全书简介钱歌川先生是近代著名的英语学者和翻译家,一生发表了大量英文教学资料,包括《翻译的基本知识》《英文疑难详解续篇》《简易英文动词》等。
其中《翻译的技巧》(下称《技巧》)是钱先生花了10年时间撰写的最经典的百科全书式的英语翻译技巧指南。
《技巧》一书分三编:第一编的重点为汉译英,系统地梳理了英语句子的各种句型。
第二编以英译汉为重点,详细列举了各种英语惯用句法及其翻译,能让读者迅速摆脱中国式英语。
第三编是长篇中译英和英译中文章译例及疑难句法讲解。
钱歌川先生同时作为一名著名的文学家,在书中选取的文章多出自经典书籍或篇章,值得细味。
通读全书后觉得,《技巧》一书不管是对于英语翻译教学者还是学习者来说,都是一本不可多得的好书。
2 第一编解读第一编从三个角度来将句子分类:从要素来分的造句、从构造来分的造句和从内容来分的造句。
Li Thompson(1976)提出了语言有4种基本类型的观点,它们分别为:主语突出的语言、主题突出的语言、主语主题皆突出的语言和无主题的语言。
其中,汉语就是主题突出的语言,而英语则是主语突出的语言。
这就决定了汉英两种语言句子结构存在很大差异。
显然,钱歌川先生早已明确这一点,在《技巧》的第一编第一章就根据动词的类别系统地整理了英语句子的5种基本构造。
钱先生认为,单句不一定容易翻译,复句也不一定是难以入手。
单句若被加入大量的修饰语而被扩充得很长时,甚至比复句还难翻译。
用不同方式如用补语、宾语、形容词、副词、动词短语等扩充的句子有不同的翻译方法。
虽说翻译是没有固定模版或格式的,但通过将不同句型进行整理归类,能总结出针对不同句型的翻译技巧,经过长时间的积累,翻译就能信手拈来。
3 第二编解读汉语与英语句子结构的差别决定了翻译技巧该如何选择。
自考英汉翻译教程考纲解读 Unit 3 Geography
Unit 3 Geography考纲内容1.地理文章选篇的特点: 说明地理情况,顺便介绍当地社会生活,并底座有关的热点问题;所用语言可以生动、细腻,也可以拘谨、正式,主要视文章使用的场合而定。
2.语言对比:(1) 动词动词如何与主语和宾语搭配,英语和汉语往往有很大的不同。
翻译时需根据上下文选用适当的动词,有时甚至需要改变句子结构。
(2)分词短语英语大量使用分词短语,可以体现出句子的层次;汉语则多用并列谓语或并列分句。
因此英汉互译时要注意这一特点。
3. 考核要求翻译中要有处理以下问题的能力(1)地理文章的特点及理解方面的难点(2)动词(3)分词短语(4)被动语态单元知识解读一、地理文章地理文章主要是说明地理情况。
当谈到当地的景色、生活习惯时,语言可以生动细腻;当介绍某一地理知识、旅游景点、某一城市时,语言可以正式、拘谨。
所以,地理文章的语言特点并不固定,针对不同的场合,其风格也会是截然不同的。
1. (P 65 ) In the gathering dusk Ahmed and his five companions had invited me to join them. Their galabias and turbans stained by the sweat…这两段话谈到了当地人的生活,描写较细腻,语言生动。
galabia 或galabiya 埃及和其他非洲回教徒所穿的宽大的白色长袍3.西安在古代称为长安,现在是陕西省会,是我国西北最大的城市。
西安总面积是2295平方公里,有2943000多人口。
西安已有3000多年历史。
在1100年的时间里,断断续续有11个朝代在这里建都。
西安作为举世闻名的丝绸之路的起点,从汉朝起,就成了中国与外部世界经济、文化交流的中心。
Xi’an, called Chang’an in ancient times, is the provincial capital of Shanxi Province and the largest city in Northwest China. It covers a total area of 2,295 square kilometers with a population of more than 2,943,000.Xi’an as city dates back to more than 3,000 years ago. It served intermittently as the capital of eleven dynasties for 1,100 years. As the starting point of the world famous “Silk Road”, Xi’an became, from the Han Dynasty, the hub of economic and cultural interflow between China and the outside world.二、语言对比(一)动词1.英泽汉(1)根据语境,确定单词的正确含义Day by day the sea is eating the land---the dam has stopped the sediment of the Nile from replenishing the shoreline.Adelaide enjoys a Mediterannean climate.(2)英译汉时,在适当的时候应改变句子的结构And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.(3) 改变词性The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computation.What’s that? It is shaped like a ball.2.汉译英汉语的动词大多数可以译成具有相同意义的英语单个单词、不同结构的英语短语。
新编英语教程第三版第三章翻译
Unit 4 [见教材P61]Writing Between the Lines阅读时要做读书笔记Mortimer J、Adler(U、S、)莫迪摩尔、J、阿德勒(美国)①You know you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of anything、②I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading、③I want to persuade you to “write between the lines、” ④Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading、①您很清楚,为了能够最充分地理解,您必须要能听读懂言外之意。
②现在,我想建议您在阅读时也要做同等重要得事,那就就是建议您在阅读时做读书笔记,否则您得阅读不大可能就是最有效得。
①I contend, quite bluntly, that、①坦白说,我认为,人们阅读时在书上做笔记不就是毁书,而就是爱书。
①There are two ways in which you can own a book、②The first is the property right [you establish by paying for it], just as you pay for clothes and furniture、③But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession、④Full ownership es only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it、⑤An illustration may make the point clear、⑥You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s icebox to your own、⑦But you do notown the beefsteak in the most important sense and get it into your bloodstream、⑧I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good、①人们可以通过两种方式来拥有一本书。
汉译英翻译技巧分析解析
汉译英翻译技巧一、分清主从 (Subordination)汉语句中各分句关系比较松散.所以在动笔前应认真分析句子要旨所在。
句中重点往往在后。
英译时.要突出重点或主句.其他部分可分别用介词短语.非谓语动词形式或各种从句表示。
1、没有农业.人们就不能生存.社会生产就不能继续下去。
Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social productionproceed.2、他们一听到“反霸”就火冒三丈,这充分暴露了他们那霸权主义的蛮横嘴脸。
The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.3、有人以为社会主义就了不起.一点缺点也没有.哪有这个事?Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How canthat be true?4、但是.象我们常说的那样.道路总是曲折的.前途总是光明的。
But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future isbright.二、选词用字(Diction)在汉译英时应特别注意选找与原文中在意义上和风味上尽可能都类似的词语。
1、每个民族都有它的长处.不然它为什么能存在?为什么能发展?Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?2、树雄心.立壮志.向科学技术现代化进军。
文言文翻译的技巧总结
文言文,古之遗音,承载着中华民族千年的文化精髓。
然时代变迁,语言发展,今人阅读古文,往往倍感艰涩。
翻译,便是沟通古今的桥梁。
以下为文言文翻译技巧总结,以期助读者一臂之力。
一、理解文意,把握语境翻译文言文,首在理解文意。
需细心揣摩,领悟作者原意。
同时,把握语境,了解当时的历史背景、社会风俗,方能准确翻译。
如《史记·陈涉世家》中“陈胜者,阳城人也”,翻译时应注明“阳城”的地理位置,以便读者理解。
二、直译为主,意译为辅文言文翻译,以直译为主,力求忠实原文。
在直译的基础上,根据需要适当进行意译,使译文流畅易懂。
如《论语·为政》中“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者”,直译为“懂得它的人不如喜欢它的人,喜欢它的人不如乐在其中的人”。
三、词类活用,灵活处理文言文中,词类活用现象较为普遍。
翻译时,应根据上下文语境,灵活处理。
如《左传·僖公二十五年》中“君知其难也,焉得而不畏?”中的“焉”,根据上下文,应翻译为“怎么”。
四、保留古风,适度润色文言文翻译,既要忠实原文,又要符合现代汉语表达习惯。
在翻译过程中,可适当保留古风,同时适度润色,使译文更具可读性。
如《诗经·关雎》中“关关雎鸠,在河之洲”,翻译为“河洲之上,雎鸠声声”。
五、注意修辞,准确表达文言文中,修辞手法丰富多样。
翻译时,应注意保留修辞效果,准确表达。
如《离骚》中“众女嫉余之蛾眉兮,谣诼谓余以善淫”,翻译为“众女子嫉妒我那秀丽的眉毛,造谣诬蔑说我好淫荡”。
六、关注特殊句式,准确翻译文言文中,特殊句式较多。
翻译时,需关注这些句式,准确翻译。
如《庄子·逍遥游》中“吾生也有涯,而知也无涯”,翻译为“我的生命是有限的,而知识是无限的”。
七、注重音韵,体现美感文言文翻译,应注重音韵,体现美感。
在翻译过程中,可根据音韵特点,调整字词顺序,使译文更具韵味。
如《诗经·周南·关雎》中“关关雎鸠,在河之洲”,翻译为“河洲之上,雎鸠声声”。
汉译英翻译的技巧
汉译英翻译的技巧一. 正确认识翻译技巧从中国人进行的翻译定位上看,无论是英译汉还是汉译英,其根本问题都在译者的英语水平或造诣上。
英译汉的题型,关键在于理解原文;而汉译英的题型,关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识,将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字,以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。
笔者想提醒考生注意的是,各种翻译技巧只是工具。
茅盾先生有一句话,如果两种语言的功底不够,那些技巧你也用不上;但若功底深厚,那些条条就成了不足取的框框。
因此,我们对于翻译技巧的讲解,只是大致谈几个方面,大家在翻译的过程中了解注意就可以了。
关键在于遵循常用方法多做练习,只有经过大量的训练,不懈的练习,才可以熟能生巧。
大家的英语水平提高了,词汇量有了一定的积累,各种句型结构熟透于心了,翻译水平自然会上去的。
二. 关于汉译英的翻译技巧,我们大致需要注意这几方面:1、翻译的基本方法:关于直译与意译英语和汉语是两种不同的语言,每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。
然而,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。
比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。
正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点,所以在翻译实践中,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。
直译和意译是两种重要的翻译方法。
直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。
直译与意译相互关联、互为补充,同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。
通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确理解,我们可以更多地认识到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译,以及在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题,最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。
考生这里应当注意,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。
例如:我们的朋友遍天下。
如果译成“Our friends are all over the world”是直译,而“We have friends all over the world”就是意译。
2021年中考语文复习 第一部分 专项一 课内文言文阅读 第3篇 《爱莲说》
(6)公与之乘(《曹刿论战》)
第三人称代词,指曹刿
第3篇 爱莲说
1 细梳理·虚词通关
题组4 (1)执策而临之(《马说》) (2)居庙堂之高则忧其民(《岳阳楼记》) (3)益慕圣贤之道(《送东阳马生序》) (4)此之谓大丈夫(《富贵不能淫》) (5)此诚危急存亡之秋也(《出师表》) (6)徐公不若君之美也(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)
第一部分 古诗文默写
专题二 文言文阅读
专项一 课内文言文阅读
目录(河北·中考 )
第3篇 爱莲说 〔北宋〕周敦颐
知识
拓展
知识
第3篇 爱莲说
原文呈现+参考译文
水陆草木之花,可爱者甚蕃。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来,世人甚爱牡 丹。予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖,中通外直,不蔓不枝,香远 益清,亭亭净植,可远观而不可亵玩焉。
第3篇 爱莲说
实词释义
5.中通外直
6.不蔓不枝
7.香远益清 8.亭亭净植
通: 直: 蔓: 枝: 益: 亭亭: 植:
第3篇 爱莲说
实词释义
5.中通外直
6.不蔓不枝
7.香远益清 8.亭亭净植
通: 贯通 直: 笔直 蔓: 名词用作动词,指横生藤蔓 枝: 名词用作动词,指旁生枝茎 益: 更加 亭亭: 耸立的样子 植: 竖立
取消句子的独立性
(6)处处志之(《桃花源记》)ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
助词,在句中只起调节音节的
作用,无实义
第3篇 爱莲说
1 细梳理·虚词通关
题组6 (1)人皆有之,贤者能勿丧耳(《鱼我所欲也》) (2)前人之述备矣(《岳阳楼记》) (3)孰视之,自以为不如(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) (4)其此之谓乎(《虽有嘉肴》) (5)吾妻之美我者(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》) (6)求之地中(《河中石兽》)
Unit 3 英译汉常用的九种技巧
Unit 3 英译汉常用的九种技巧
3.1 选词用字 diction J. R. Firth: Each word when used in a new context is a new word. 3.1.1 一词多义 Polysemy
examples exercises exercises exercises exercises exercises exercises
这门学科以大量的文学作品感到骄傲.
3. He satisfied me that he could do the work well.
他使我感到满意,他能把这项工作作好.satisfy sb. that…使相信
4. Last night I attend a do held by my students.
试译下列句子,注意红色字的译法 1.
(1) The machine works properly. (2) The watch doesn't work. (3) The threads of the screw work hard. (4) Does the cleaning fluid work on the stain?
如果报纸想得以大量发行,必须具有知识性、思想性和趣味性 .
6. No one is satisfied with his favoritism in the work. 7. We are all deeply moved by his loftiness. 8. You should get rid of your foolhardiness.
Lesson 3 翻译技巧之增词法
Objectives:
• After learning this section, students should be able to: • know WHY addition should be applied in translation. • know under What circumstances verb addition, adverb addition, noun addition should be employed in translation.
Teach English in a communicative way
• 例1 听到你平安的消息,非常高兴! • 译文: I was very glad on hearing that you were in safety!(增补主语) • 例2 勤能补拙 • 译文: It is diligence that makes up for the deficiency. (增补强调句里的it) • 例3 对不起,打扰一下! • 译文: Excuse me for interrupting you!(增补 作宾语的代词me和you)
He spoke hopefully of the success of the negotiation. • 他满怀希望地说谈判会取得成功。
Improve your communicative skills in English
Teach English in a communicative way
பைடு நூலகம்
Teach English in a communicative way
• Students should learn from teachers and vice versa.
英语三级作文翻译的技巧
英语三级作文翻译的技巧When it comes to translating Chinese compositions for English proficiency tests like the English Level 3 exam, there are several key techniques to keep in mind to ensure accuracy and fluency in your translations. Here are some tips:1. Understanding the Prompt: Before you begin translating, make sure you fully understand the prompt. Identify the main theme or topic of the composition and any specific instructions given.2. Maintaining the Structure: Aim to maintain the structure of the original Chinese composition in your English translation. This includes the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Ensure that your translation flows logically from one point to the next.3. Translating Idioms and Cultural References: Be aware of idiomatic expressions and cultural references used inthe original Chinese composition. When translating these expressions into English, try to find equivalent expressions or explanations that convey the same meaning to English-speaking readers.4. Accuracy in Vocabulary and Grammar: Pay close attention to the vocabulary and grammar used in theoriginal Chinese composition. Translate each word and phrase accurately, and ensure that your English translation adheres to standard grammar rules.5. Maintaining Tone and Style: Consider the tone and style of the original Chinese composition, whether it's formal, informal, persuasive, descriptive, etc. Try to replicate the same tone and style in your English translation to convey the intended message effectively.6. Paraphrasing and Synonyms: Use paraphrasing and synonyms to convey the meaning of complex or unfamiliar words or phrases in the original Chinese composition. This can help improve the readability and clarity of your English translation.7. Proofreading and Editing: After completing your translation, carefully proofread and edit your work to ensure accuracy and coherence. Pay attention to spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure to polish your translation further.8. Practice and Feedback: Practice translating various types of Chinese compositions into English regularly to improve your skills. Seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or peers to identify areas for improvement and refine your translation techniques.By following these techniques and practicing regularly, you can enhance your ability to translate Chinese compositions effectively for English proficiency tests like the English Level 3 exam.。
翻译(基础)
新东方在线考研翻译基础班讲义主讲:唐静课程简介以讲解翻译基础知识为主,基本不涉及考研翻译的真题。
但是,真题很重要,有必要在强化训练中完全掌握真题。
课程大纲第一章考研翻译基础知识一翻译的定义二翻译的标准和翻译的方法三翻译的基本过程四考研翻译的核心解题策略第二章翻译技巧:词法翻译法一词义选择和词义引申二词性转换三增词法四省略法第三章翻译技巧:句法翻译法一名词性从句的翻译二定语从句的翻译三状语从句的翻译四被动结构的翻译第一讲翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术,是语言之间的转换,是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。
准确通顺完整严复:信达雅傅雷:神似钱钟书:化境考研翻译原则:直译为主,适当意译literal translation free translation分析成分,划分意群(查找连接)选择词义,贴切表达适当调整,书写译文考研翻译简介(一)考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定,考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。
要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章,并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语,要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
”以2007年考研翻译题为例,考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章,翻译的是5个划线部分。
如:Part CTranslation:Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 Points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. 46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's intellectual preparation for his or her career.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it ispreferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system(二)考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定,考研翻译的评分标准如下:5个小题,每题2分,共10分。
三级笔译实务常用表达方式
1. ... nothing else than ...结构︰主词+be+nothing+else than/less than/(else)but…说明︰此句型意为“…不是别的,而是…”。
本<句型>强调的是物。
His failure in this transaction was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.他在这笔交易中的失利完全是由于他自己的粗心大意。
The present market situation is nothing else than fine. 目前市场形势是最好不过的了。
What we expected is nothing less than a timely payment. 及时付款正是我们所盼望的。
This transaction is nothing less than a miracle. 这笔交易完全是一个奇迹。
What I need is nothing but a sample. 我需要的不过是一件样品而已。
His condition is nothing but a little discount. 他的条件不过是一点折让。
2. ... not so ... but ...结构︰…not+so/such+形容词/副词+but…说明︰此句型意为“还没有到不能…的程度”,引申为“尽管…还是”。
此处的but 相当于“that ... not”。
I am not such a fool but I can solve the problem. 我虽不才,还是能解决这一问题。
The quality is not so poor but it is acceptable. 质量虽差,但仍能接受。
He is not so sick but he can attend a class. 他尽管有病,还是可以上课。
天津大学翻译课unit 3 词汇翻译技巧
Unit Three词汇翻译技巧词汇是构成语言的基本单位,就像盖房子要用到的砖头,No brick, no construction; no words, no composition.(无砖不成房,无词不成章),因此,词汇层面的翻译是翻译活动中最基本的部分。
一、词义的引申所谓词义引申,就是在不能做到和原语语义完全等值的情况下,根据目的语的习惯和上下文的要求,从原义出发获得一种新的语义的翻译方法。
1.通过词义转换加以引申在英汉词语中,有时会遇到某些词找不到恰当的释义,若盲目照搬套用,势必会使译文生涩别扭。
因而应当对释义加以适度的转变和扩充。
例1:We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我们一贯主张,国际贸易不应当有来无往....。
例2:实现了上述目标,中国的综合国力和人民生活水平都将再上一个大台阶......。
Fulfillment of the aforementioned goals will yield substantial progress inexpanding China’s comprehensive n ational strength and improving the livingstandards of her people.2.将词义做抽象化的引申在英汉词语中,常常用表具体形象的词或短语来表示一种属性、事物或概念。
翻译这类词时,可将其词义作抽象化引申,用比较笼统概括的词加以表达,以使译文流畅、自然。
我们可以将表示具体形象的词译成该形象所代表的属性的词。
例1:Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有甜有苦....。
例2:外语现在很吃香。
Foreign languages become very popular now.解析:“吃香”在汉语里是形象说法,实指“很时髦”。
三级笔译实务常用表达方式
1....nothing elsethan...结构︰主词+be+nothing+elsethan/less than/(else)but…说明︰此句型意为“…不是别的,而是…”。
本<句型>强调的是物。
His failurein thistransaction was duetonothing else than hisown carelessness.他在这笔交易中的失利完全是由于他自己的粗心大意。
Thepresent market situation is nothingelse than fine. 目前市场形势是最好不过的了。
Whatwe expected is nothing less thanatimely payment. 及时付款正是我们所盼望的。
This transaction is nothingless than a miracle. 这笔交易完全是一个奇迹。
What I needis nothing but a sample.我需要的不过是一件样品而已。
His conditionis nothing butalittlediscount.他的条件不过是一点折让。
2.... not so...but ...结构︰…not+so/such+形容词/副词+but…说明︰此句型意为“还没有到不能…的程度”,引申为“尽管…还是”。
此处的but相当于“that ... not”。
Iam notsuch a fool but I can solve the problem.我虽不才,还是能解决这一问题。
The quality isnotso poor butit is acceptable.质量虽差,但仍能接受。
He is notso sickbut he canattend a class.他尽管有病,还是可以上课。
3. not only... but also ...结构︰主词+not merely/not only…but(also)…说明︰此句型意为“不仅/不但…而且…”。
现代大学英语精读3(第二版)更多知识点讲解
Unit 1Text A课文内容全解1. Has it ever dawned on you that certain developmental changes will occur in your life as you move from adolescence to young adulthood? (L.3, Para.1)adulthood/ˈædʌlthʊd/n. the state of being an adult成年:Many people are able to maintainfriendships into adulthood.很多人能够把友谊维持到成年。
2. During this time, students are going through an identity crisis and are endeavoring to find out who they are and what their strengths and weaknesses are. (L.1, Para.2) 【英释】During this period, students are experiencing an identity crisis and are trying to find out who they are and what their strong and weak points are.3. First, there is functional independence, which involves the capability of individuals to take care of practical and personal affairs, such as handling finances, choosing their own wardrobes, and determining their daily agenda. (L.3, Para.4) 【英释】First, there is functional independence, which includes how an individual can handle his or her practical and personal affairs, such as learning how to spend money wisely, choosing his or her own clothes, and deciding what he or she is going to do every day.4.Fourth is freedom from “excessive guilt, anxiety, mistr ust, responsibility, inhibition, resentment, and anger in relation to the mother and father.” (L.12, Para.4) 【英释】Children often feel very guilty in relation to their parents because they think they have done something wrong; they are also anxious because they are eager to please their parents; they sometimes feel unhappy because they think that their parents have not been fair to them; they feel that they are responsible to their parents for everything they do; they are always afraid of not saying the right thing or not behaving properly; all these may make them angry with their parents or make them feel resentful. These feelings reflect their emotional dependence on their parents. When they grow up, they usually strive for freedom from this.5. At the same time, these young adults are learning how to give and receive affection in the adult world. (L.1, Para.6)affection/əˈfekʃn/n.①a gentle feeling of caring and loving喜爱;钟爱:She has great affectionfor her little brother.她很疼爱她的弟弟。
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第三章常用翻译技巧了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力,一般而言,大致有下述8种基本技巧:1) 选词用字(Diction)2) 增词法(Amplification)3) 省略法(Omission)4) 转换法(Conversion)5) 重复法(Repetition)6) 语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译,反说正译(Negation)8) 长句拆译(Division) &分清主从(Subordination)。
3.1 选词用字简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字),就是说,在理解原文时,由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异,对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲,找出它们的内涵意义(connotation),再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺,符合译文习惯。
例1.Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions.译1:爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。
×译2:办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精,愿买贵的。
√例2.They want quality, but at a budget price.译1:他们需要质量,但却要预算价格。
×译2:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。
√例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides.(1)“little grace”和“less give”:“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”?言不达意且文脉不通。
(2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义:既然是政治谈判,所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗?(3) “less”一词更须注意,它是前面“little”的比较级,说明“give”比“grace”更少。
译文如下:在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈不上让步了。
例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy acomfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes…文中“stay”“tastes”二字极其通俗,而“budgets”却又十分抽象。
如何在译文中用符合行业规范的词语表达值得推敲。
直译“逗留”“预算”“口味”均不合适,读者无法接受。
根据上下文语义,结合目前流行的说法,“下榻”、“档次”、“品味”译得恰到好处。
试译:无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州,下榻此处会让你倍感舒适,这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。
例5.New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement.(1)“state-of-the-art”:“艺术状态的”描绘性用语为何用于科技文?到底是个什么状态?不妨根据上下文推敲其引申意义:“艺术状态的”机车当然“造型精美”。
(2)“authority enforcement”:用于科技文章描绘机车肯定不是“权威强化”之义。
所谓“权威强化”则需根据“authority”的本义予以适当引申:“权威”——“威力”,与“enforcement”搭配,加上前面“speed”的提示,意义不难推出:“威力强大的加速力”。
(3)“options”也不能仅仅理解为“选择”,它还有“可供选择的部件、设备、方案”等。
全段试译如下:新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统,可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和(威力)强大的加速力。
例6.一幢乡村小学的教学楼,建了7年还是个半拉子工程。
汉语的表达是俗语,词典上查到的是“half-finished”,但此短语有“尚待继续”的含义,既不传神也不达意。
这里所谓“半拉子”是指“永远也完不了工”的意思,与“half-finished”相去甚远,译文如下:The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a “never-to-be-finished project”.译文不仅意义贴近,连那种揶揄的语气都已充分传达了出来,选词用字恰如其分。
例7.有市场、有效益的速度,才是真正的发展,才是硬道理。
Sound economic growth must be based on strong market demand and good economic returns.This is a fundamental principle.例8.“一要吃饭,二要建设”是指导我国经济工作的基本原则。
此处“吃饭”千万不可译为“have meals”,“建设”也不是仅指“construction”。
从做“预算”的角度考虑,“吃饭”当然是指“生计”问题,而“建设”则指今后的“发展”:A basic principle guiding our economic work is “subsistence first and development second”.3.2 增译简言之,所谓增译,就是译文不增词不足以表达原义的情况下,为使译文准确、通顺、达意,在准确理解原文上下文内含意义的前提下,适当在译文中增加相关词汇、结构和表达,避免译文因意义不明或表达生硬而产生误解或不解(这就是使用增译的最基本条件)。
增译有语义性增译、修辞性增译,还有注释性增译(文内阐释或文中夹注文后注释):例1. Saying good-bye to a child going to college for the first time is rough,…How does a person cut off 18 years of closeness?孩子考上大学第一次与他送别,这滋味真教人难受。
……十八年的骨肉相依,晨夕相处,而今一朝别离,又怎会舍得呢?(语义性增译)例2. Chinese life is filled with lists of bests: The mao-tai at a banquet is one of the China ’s eight great liquors; the view of the West Lake in Hangzhou is one of the nine ideal vantage points, and even some companies will declaim that they are among the 500 national outstanding enterprises.中国人的生活中充满了一系列“名牌”、“上品”之类的东西:筵席上的茅台属中国八大名酒之一,杭州西湖属中国九大名胜之一,就连一些公司也要自称是全国500强企业之一。
(语义性增译)例3.Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with the words: Horas non mumero nisi serenas(I count only the happy hours).“邀请悠闲和散步,安宁是静止的”?英语的词义搭配实在太精妙,汉语却不合逻辑,必须增添词汇以填补逻辑语义上的缺失:威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭信步的好去处,她宁静从容,闲适悠然,连城中的日晷上都刻着这样的铭文:“只计幸福时光”。
例4.We have recognised that free trade is not a zero-sum game.文中“zero-sum”是一个术语,表示一种“零和值”或“此方得利彼方遭损”,用在此上下文中令人费解,必须增添词义,将其内涵引申出来:我们认识到,自由贸易并非一种损人利己的“零和值”游戏。
(语义性增译)例5.(?)信笔写来,(?)竟然差不多都是写我自己的回忆,这(?)就说明了这本散文集的魅力。
典型的汉语“意合”句,“无头无脑”(见问号处)!要译成英语,必须添加相应的语法结构,符合“形合”的要求:While writing at will, I find all I’ve done is just something of my own recollection, which shows how charming this collection of essays is! (结构增译)例6.Dripstones, stalactites, are in different shapes-----columns, pillars and translucent curtains, conjure up unforgettable images.各种钟乳石形态各异——有的玉柱浑圆;有的栋梁擎天;有的瀑布飞帘,晶莹剔透——大自然鬼斧神工,妙景天成,令人难忘。
(修辞性增译/重复)例7.钱先生周岁时“抓周”,抓了一本书,因而得名“钟书”。
When Mr.Qian was only one-year old, the baby was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon he was given by his parents the name: zhong shu (book-lover). (文内阐释)例8.由于这个年龄阶段的孩子大多是在“421家庭”中长大的,自理能力较差。
汉语习惯综合归纳,以突出主题,简明扼要,特别在时政翻译中,什么“386199部队”(乡下年轻人都外出打工挣钱,干农活的只剩下“三八”节的“妇女”、“六一”节的“儿童”和“九九”重阳节的“老人”)、“863计划”(86年3月制定的科技发展规划“The March 1986 Program to stimulate the development of high technologies”)、“421家庭”(4位老人,2个家长和1个孩子),还有“三个代表”、“四个坚持”、“五项原则”、“八荣八耻”(Eight Dos and Don'ts/Eight Honors & Eight Disgraces)等等,无不给翻译带来一定难度。