MGT 411 Exam 2 Study Guide

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本科学士学位英语统一考试备考指南

本科学士学位英语统一考试备考指南

本科学士学位英语统一考试备考指南全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1A Comprehensive Guide to Preparing for the Undergraduate Bachelor's Degree English Unified ExaminationIntroductionThe undergraduate bachelor's degree English unified examination is a crucial step in the academic journey of every student studying English as a major. This examination tests the students' proficiency in the English language and their ability to analyze, comprehend, and articulate complex ideas in English. To help you prepare thoroughly for this examination, we have compiled a comprehensive guide that covers everything you need to know to ace the test.Section 1: Understanding the Examination StructureThe undergraduate bachelor's degree English unified examination typically consists of four sections: Reading Comprehension, Writing, Listening, and Speaking. Each section tests a different aspect of your English language skills, and it isessential to familiarize yourself with the format of the examination to prepare effectively.1. Reading Comprehension: In this section, you will be required to read a series of passages and answer questions based on them. It is essential to practice reading different types of texts and develop your ability to comprehend and analyze the information presented in them.2. Writing: The writing section usually comprises tasks such as essay writing, letter writing, and report writing. It is essential to practice writing regularly, focusing on structuring your ideas logically and expressing them coherently in English.3. Listening: In this section, you will listen to audio recordings of conversations, lectures, or presentations and answer questions based on them. To prepare for this section, practice listening to a variety of English audio materials and develop your ability to understand spoken English accurately.4. Speaking: The speaking section typically involves tasks such as giving presentations, engaging in conversations, and discussing a given topic. To prepare for this section, practice speaking English regularly, focusing on improving your pronunciation, vocabulary, and fluency.Section 2: Effective Study StrategiesTo prepare effectively for the undergraduate bachelor's degree English unified examination, it is essential to develop a comprehensive study plan that covers all the sections of the examination. Here are some effective study strategies to help you prepare:1. Create a study schedule: Allocate specific time slots for each section of the examination in your study schedule and stick to it diligently. Make sure to balance your study time between reading, writing, listening, and speaking practice.2. Practice regularly: Consistent practice is key to improving your English language skills. Set aside time each day to practice reading, writing, listening, and speaking in English to enhance your proficiency.3. Use study materials: Utilize a variety of study materials, such as textbooks, online resources, and practice tests, to enhance your understanding of the examination content and improve your English language skills.4. Seek feedback: Ask your teachers, classmates, or English language tutors to provide feedback on your writing andspeaking practice. Incorporate their suggestions to improve your skills further.5. Review and revise: Regularly review the material you have studied and revise your notes to reinforce your understanding of key concepts and improve your retention of information.Section 3: Additional Tips for SuccessIn addition to following the study strategies mentioned above, here are some additional tips to help you succeed in the undergraduate bachelor's degree English unified examination:1. Expand your vocabulary: Work on expanding your English vocabulary by learning new words and their meanings regularly. Practice using these words in sentences to enhance your language skills.2. Focus on grammar: Brush up on your grammar skills by reviewing the rules of English grammar and practicing grammar exercises regularly. Correct grammar is essential for effective communication in English.3. Stay updated on current affairs: Stay informed about current events and global issues by reading newspapers, magazines, and online news sources in English. This will improveyour reading comprehension skills and help you develop informed opinions on various topics.4. Join English language clubs or discussion groups: Engage in discussions with fellow students or participate in English language clubs to practice your speaking and listening skills in a supportive environment.5. Relax and stay confident: On the day of the examination, remember to stay calm, relax, and have confidence in your abilities. Positive thinking can go a long way in helping you perform well in the examination.ConclusionPreparing for the undergraduate bachelor's degree English unified examination requires dedication, hard work, and consistent effort. By following the study strategies and tips mentioned in this guide, you can enhance your English language skills and increase your chances of success in the examination. Remember to stay focused, practice regularly, and believe in yourself, and you will surely achieve your academic goals. Good luck!篇2Bachelor degree English unified examination is a crucial milestone for all students majoring in English. It determines the level of language proficiency and academic achievement of the students. Therefore, it is essential for students to prepare thoroughly for the examination. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive guide on how to prepare for the Bachelor degree English unified examination effectively.1. Understand the examination format:The first step in preparing for the examination is to understand the format of the examination. The Bachelor degree English unified examination usually consists of listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections. It is important to familiarize yourself with the types of questions in each section and the time allocated for each section.2. Develop a study plan:Once you have a good understanding of the examination format, you should create a study plan that covers all the essential topics and allows you to allocate enough time for each section. Break down the topics into smaller sections and set specific goals for each study session.3. Improve your listening skills:The listening section of the examination tests your ability to understand spoken English. To improve your listening skills, you can practice listening to English podcasts, watch English movies, and participate in English conversation clubs. It is also helpful to listen to sample listening questions and practice answering them.4. Enhance your reading skills:The reading section of the examination assesses your ability to comprehend written English. To improve your reading skills, you should read a variety of English texts, such as newspapers, magazines, and academic articles. It is also beneficial to practice reading comprehension exercises and analyze the main ideas and supporting details in the texts.5. Hone your writing skills:The writing section of the examination evaluates your ability to express your ideas coherently and accurately in written English. To improve your writing skills, you should practice writing essays, reports, and summaries on different topics. Pay attention to your grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary usage. Ask for feedback from your instructors or peers to improve your writing.6. Practice your speaking skills:The speaking section of the examination tests your ability to communicate effectively in spoken English. To improve your speaking skills, you can practice speaking English with native speakers, participate in English conversation classes, and record yourself speaking and listen to the recordings to identify areas for improvement.7. Take practice tests:To gauge your readiness for the examination, you should take practice tests regularly. Practice tests will help you familiarize yourself with the examination format, improve your time management skills, and identify your strengths and weaknesses. Review your answers carefully and analyze your mistakes to prevent them in the actual examination.8. Seek support from instructors and peers:Don't hesitate to seek help from your instructors and peers if you encounter difficulties during your preparation. Your instructors can provide you with valuable feedback and guidance, while your peers can offer support and motivation. Collaborate with your classmates to study together and share study materials.9. Stay positive and motivated:Preparing for the Bachelor degree English unified examination can be challenging and stressful. It is essential to stay positive and motivated throughout your preparation. Set realistic goals, celebrate your achievements, and take breaks when necessary. Remember that persistence and hard work will lead to success.In conclusion, preparing for the Bachelor degree English unified examination requires dedication, hard work, and effective study strategies. By following the tips and guidelines provided in this article, you can enhance your language skills, boost your confidence, and achieve a good score in the examination. Good luck!篇3Title: A Guide to Preparing for the Undergraduate Bachelor's Degree English Unified ExamIntroduction:The undergraduate bachelor's degree English unified exam is a comprehensive test that evaluates a student's proficiency in the English language. It covers various aspects of English, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. To excelin this exam, it is essential to have a systematic preparation plan in place. This guide aims to provide tips and strategies for effectively preparing for the exam.1. Understand the Exam Format:Before starting your preparation, it is crucial to understand the format of the exam. Familiarize yourself with the different sections of the exam, such as reading comprehension, writing, listening, and speaking. Know the number of questions in each section, the time allotted for each section, and the scoring criteria.2. Develop a Study Plan:Create a study plan that outlines the topics you need to cover and the time you will dedicate to each. Allocate specific time slots for reading, writing, listening, and speaking practice. Make sure to include regular revision sessions in your study plan.3. Improve Your Reading Skills:Reading comprehension is a significant part of the exam. To improve your reading skills, read a variety of English texts, such as newspapers, magazines, and novels. Practice summarizing the main ideas of the passage and answering comprehension questions.4. Enhance Your Writing Skills:The writing section of the exam tests your ability to express ideas clearly and coherently. Practice writing essays, reports, and letters on a variety of topics. Focus on structuring your writing, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and supporting your arguments with examples.5. Hone Your Listening Skills:Listening comprehension is another essential skill tested in the exam. Practice listening to English audio materials, such as podcasts, radio programs, and videos. Try to understand the main ideas, important details, and the speaker's tone and attitude.6. Practice Speaking:The speaking section of the exam assesses your ability to communicate fluently and accurately. Practice speaking English with a language partner or tutor. Record yourself speaking and listen to identify areas for improvement. Focus on pronunciation, intonation, and fluency.7. Use Study Materials:Utilize a variety of study materials, such as textbooks, online resources, and mock tests. Practice with past exam papers tofamiliarize yourself with the exam format and types of questions. Join study groups or English language clubs to practice with peers.8. Seek Feedback:Seek feedback from teachers, tutors, or language partners on your practice tests and assignments. Identify areas where you need to improve and work on them diligently. Use feedback to fine-tune your writing, speaking, and listening skills.9. Stay Motivated:Staying motivated throughout your exam preparation is crucial for success. Set realistic goals, celebrate your achievements, and stay positive even when faced with challenges. Remember that consistent practice and perseverance are key to improving your English skills.Conclusion:Preparing for the undergraduate bachelor's degree English unified exam requires dedication, hard work, and a strategic approach. By following the tips and strategies outlined in this guide, you can enhance your English skills and perform well in the exam. Remember to stay focused, practice regularly, andseek feedback to improve your performance. Good luck with your exam preparation!。

教材贵州省成人学士学位英语课程考试指南

教材贵州省成人学士学位英语课程考试指南

教材贵州省成人学士学位英语课程考试指南Guide to the Guizhou Province Adult Bachelor's Degree English Course ExamIntroduction:The Guizhou Province offers a dynamic English course for adult learners who wish to obtain their bachelor's degree. This course is designed to enhance students' language skills and prepare them for academic and professional success. In order to successfully complete the course, students must pass a series of exams that test their proficiency in English language and grammar. This guide is intended to provide students with all the information they need to prepare for and excel in these exams.Exam Structure:The English course exams consist of four main components: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Each component is designed to evaluate different aspects of the students' language skills and abilities. The exams are divided into multiple sections, with each section focusing on a specific language skill. For example, the listening exam may include listening to a conversation and answering questions, while the reading exammay involve reading a passage and answering comprehension questions.Preparation:Preparation is key to success in the English course exams. Students are encouraged to practice their English language skills regularly and seek out additional resources to improve their proficiency. In addition to attending classes and studying course materials, students can benefit from using online language learning platforms, watching English-language movies and TV shows, and engaging in conversation with native speakers.Tips for Success:To succeed in the English course exams, students should follow these tips:1. Practice regularly: Consistent practice is essential for improving language skills and mastering the material covered in the exams.2. Review course materials: It is important to review course materials regularly to ensure a thorough understanding of the content.3. Seek help when needed: If students are struggling with a particular topic or concept, they should not hesitate to seek help from instructors or classmates.4. Manage time effectively: Time management is crucial during the exams, so students should practice answering questions quickly and efficiently.5. Stay positive: A positive attitude can go a long way in helping students stay motivated and focused during the exams.Conclusion:The Guizhou Province Adult Bachelor's Degree English Course exams are an important step towards achieving academic and professional success. By following the tips outlined in this guide and putting in the necessary effort and dedication, students can excel in these exams and achieve their goals. Good luck!。

2020上海开放大学英语学位考试指南

2020上海开放大学英语学位考试指南

2020上海开放大学英语学位考试指南The 2020 Shanghai Open University English Degree Exam Guide is an essential resource for students preparing for the exam. This comprehensive guide covers a wide range of topics and provides valuable insights into the exam format, content, and strategies for success. As a student, it is crucial to familiarize yourself with the guide and use it as a tool to enhance your preparation.One of the key aspects of the exam guide is the detailed information it provides on the exam structure and format. Understanding the different sections of the exam, such as reading comprehension, writing, listening, and speaking, is crucial for effective preparation. By studying the guide, students can gain a clear understanding of what to expect on exam day and tailor their study plan accordingly.In addition to the exam format, the guide also offers valuable tips and strategies for each section of the exam. From improving reading comprehension skills to enhancing writing abilities, the guide provides practical advice to help students succeed. By following the tips outlined in the guide, students can develop effective study habits and improve their performance on the exam.Furthermore, the guide includes sample questions and practice exercises to help students test their knowledge and skills. By practicing with these sample questions, students can familiarize themselves with the types of questions they may encounter on the exam and gain confidence in their abilities. Additionally, the guide offers answer keys and explanations to help students understand the reasoning behind each correct answer.Moreover, the guide emphasizes the importance of time management and effective study techniques. By prioritizing key areas of study and setting aside dedicated study time each day, students can maximize their learning potential and improve their overall performance on the exam. The guide also encourages students to seekhelp from teachers, tutors, or study groups to address any areas of weakness and enhance their understanding of the material.Overall, the 2020 Shanghai Open University English Degree Exam Guide is a valuable resource for students preparing for the exam. By utilizing the information, tips, and strategies provided in the guide, students can enhance their preparation, build confidence, and improve their chances of success on exam day. With dedication, hard work, and the guidance of the exam guide, students can achieve their academic goals and excel in their English studies.。

同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试指南

同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试指南

同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试指南GUIDELINES ON ENGLISH PROFICIENCY EXAM FOR MASTER'S DEGREE APPLICANTSAs a prospective applicant for a Master's degree program, it is important to have a strong command of the English language. English proficiency is often a requirement for admission to such programs, and it can also be a determining factor in the level of success one can achieve in the program. This is why every applicant must be fully prepared and equipped with the necessary skills to take and pass the English proficiency exam.The English proficiency exam for Master's degree applicants is a comprehensive test that evaluates your ability to listen, read, write, and speak in English. It covers a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, reading comprehension, and communication skills. The exam is designed to measure your proficiency and readiness for advanced academic studies in English, and it is usually administered by the institution or the department offering the program.To help you prepare effectively for the English proficiency exam, here are a few guidelines you should follow:1. Establish a study plan: Develop a study plan that outlines what you need to do each day to prepare for the exam. This will help you manage your time effectively and avoid lastminute cramming.2. Practice regularly: Practice listening, reading, writing, and speaking as often as you can. Use different resources, such as textbooks, online materials, and language exchange programs to enhance your skills.3. Improve your vocabulary: Learn as many new words as you can. You can use a dictionary, flashcards or other tools to expand your vocabulary.4. Focus on grammar and sentence structure: Pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure while practicing writing and speaking. Correct mistakes as soon as you notice them.5. Use practice tests: Utilize practice tests and sample materials to familiarize yourself with the exam format, question types, and time limits. This will help you to feel more confident on exam day.In conclusion, taking the English proficiency exam is a critical part of the application process for a Master's degree program. It is important to prepare thoroughly and follow the guidelines outlined above to maximize your chances of success. With adequate practice and determination, you can ace the exam and begin your journey towards pursuing an advanced academic degree in English.。

CPMStudyGuide(完全版,适合CPM注册采购经理、CPM及CPSM学习

CPMStudyGuide(完全版,适合CPM注册采购经理、CPM及CPSM学习

C.P.M. STUDY GUIDE Seventh Edition – 2000 ISM Certified Purchasing Manager Program Edited by: Alan R. Raedels Ph.D. C.P.M. Associate Editors: Lee Buddress Ph.D.C.P.M. Carolyn Gordon C.P.M. A.P.P. Gene Keel C.P.M. Carla Lallatin C.P.M. Eugene W. Muller Ed.D. Scott R. Sturzl C.P.M. A.P.P. Published by: Institute for Supply Management Inc.Published by:Institute for Supply Management Inc.Paul NovakC.P.M. A.P.P. Chief Executive Officer2001Institute for Supply Management Inc.2055 East Centennial CircleP.0. Box 22160Tempe AZ 85285-2160USAAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission fromthe Institute for Supply Management Inc. Purpose of the Study Guide The C.P.M. Study Guide is a general overview of the material covered in the C.P.M.examination. It is meant to provide the candidate with an introduction to the major topicscovered in the test and to provide direction for further study. The Guide is constructedaccording to the C.P.M. test specifications. Therefore the Guide largely mirrors the materialcovered in the C.P.M. exam. While the Guide provides a good overview of the types of material covered on theC.P.M. exam the candidate should be aware that the Study Guide is NOT meant to serve asa substitute for any of the major textbooks in the field of purchasing. Candidates are stronglyurged to read at least one of the major purchasing texts in addition to the Study Guide whenpreparing for the C.P.M. exam. Reading the Study Guide alone without any other resources isnot considered to be sufficient preparation for the C.P.M. exam. Also please be aware that theactual exam may contain material that is not necessarily covered in the Study Guide. EditorAlan R. Raedels Ph.D. C.P.M. Professor of Supply and Logistics Management at Port-land State University holds a B.S.M.E. from Colorado State University an M.B.A. fromPortland State University and a doctorate from Purdue University. He has taught courses ina variety of areas including purchasing materials management production/operations man-agement and quality control. Dr. Raedels has taught seminars on a variety of supply andoperations management topics including Certified Purchasing Management Review Coursesconsulted in the areas of purchasing distribution and inventory control systems publishedin a variety of journals including The Journal of Purchasing and Materials Managementand NAPM Insights and is author of the book Value-Focused Supply Management. Dr. Raedels has been active in ISM as former District XI Director Vice-Chair of theBusiness Survey Advisory Committee and Chair of the Educational Resources Committeein the NAPM—Oregon affiliate in a variety of roles including Affiliate President andChairman of the NAPM—Oregon Business Survey Committee since 1984 administers theNational Association of Educational Buyers Market Index survey and is the 1999 recipientof ISMs highest award the J. Shipman Gold Medal. Associate EditorsLee Buddress Ph.D. C.P.M. is Co-Director of the Supply and Logistics Management Pro-gram at Portland State University. He holds a B.S. in Operations Management and Economicsfrom the University of California at Berkeley and a Ph.D. from Michigan State University inPurchasing and Supply Management with minors in logistics and international business. Heteaches courses in purchasing and supply management operations and quality managementproduction planning and control transportation and logistics and negotiations. His 20 years of industrial experience in operations and supply and logistics managementprovide the foundation for his research interests in these fields and in forecasting. He is activein ISM at the local and national levels as well as several other professional associations. He hasreceived numerous awards for his contributions to the operations and purchasing professions. Heconsults and speaksinternationally.Carolyn Gordon C.P.M. A.P.P. was a Senior Commodity Specialist with Sabre Inc. Carolynpreviously was a contract administrator for ATU Telecommunications in Anchorage Alaskaand professional-development chair for NAPM District XI. Carolyn was also Chair of theNAPM Professional Development Committee.Gene Keel C.P.M. is a retired U.S. Defense Department agency executive with 30 yearspurchasing and contract administration experience in international national federal andlocal government areas. He is currently the contracts administrator for Charleston Countygovernment in Charleston SC and is adjunct professor of management at the Charlestoncampus of Southern Wesleyan University teaching courses in management and internationalbusiness. He is a lifetime Certified PurchasingManager having received his original certification in 1984. He has a B.B.A. inMarketing from the University of Georgia and an M.B.A. magna cum laude from DallasBaptist University in Dallas Texas.Carla S. Lallatin C.P.M. CPPO directs a consulting firm Lallatin amp Associates whose mis-sion is to promote the understanding and improvement of purchasers and supplier. Previouslyvice president of Dun amp Bradstreet’s BidNet Lallatin has over 25 years experience in all phasesof purchasing and materials management. Her background in executive purchasing manage-ment includes DampB United Computing Systems Inc. the City of New York and the state ofWyoming giving her unique insights into both commercial and public sector procurement. Shewas one of the five original members of New York City’s Procurement Policy Board and is anadvisor to the current Board. She serves as adjunct faculty at New York University and is a fre-quent lecturer at the University of Texas. In addition she spends several days each month con-ducting lectures and seminars. Lallatin has chaired ISM’s Educational Advisory Committee and is a member of its C.P.M.Item Writing Committee. She served as program c hair for NAPM’s 1997 International Confer-ence and is past president of NAPM—NY. She is author of NIGP’s textbook Public Purchasingand Materials Management and developed a self-study workbook for the Czech Republic to usein implementing its new procurement law and making the transition from government-owned sup-pliers to privately held companies. She is an honorary member of NIGP and NASPO and hasserved on the boards of both organizations as well as on McGraw-Hill’s Editorial Advisory Boardthe Government Advisory Council on Printing Federal Surplus Property Advisory CommitteeU.S. Minority Business Development Advisory Committee and the Federal State Local Panel onProcurement and Supply. Lallatin has lectured and conducted seminars throughout North America and her writingsand training materials have been published and used extensively in both industry and govern-ment. She actively contributed to the development of the ABA Model Procurement Code forState and Local Governments and participated in the revision of OMB Circular A-102. In 1995Lallatin received NAPM District VIII’s highest honor the Erlicher Award. She has been namedWoman of the Year by the American Business Women’s Association and received awards ofmerit and excellence from the International Association of Business Communicators.Eugene W. Muller Ed.D. is an industrial psychologist for ISM. Dr. Muller is the developerof theC.P.M. and A.P.P. examinations and the computer-based C.P.M. and A.P.P.examina-tions. He is also the developer of SkillQuest for ISM and is a consultant to ISM on other test-related matters. Dr. Muller is the editor of the C.P.M. Diagnostic Kit 2nd edition and authorof a number of articles appearing in Purchasing Today magazine and the Journal of Pur-chasing and Materials Management. He received two Masters degreesand his Ed.D. fromColumbia University.Scott R. Sturzl C.P.M. A.P.P. is the Vice President of Certification for ISM. He received hisB.S. from Arizona State University and his M.A. from the University of Phoenix. Mr. Sturzldirects and manages the national and international C.P.M. and A.P.P. program efforts for ISM. Heserved many years as manager of purchasing for US West Contributing AuthorsR. Jerry Baker C.P.M. is currently a member of the Shoreline Community College facultyin Seattle WA where he teaches purchasing management materials management contractadministration and other business administration courses. Previously he taught marketingpurchasing and production at Elizabethtown College Penn State University Shoreline Col-lege Edmonds College and Arizona State University. He is the author of three referencebooks and numerous articles about purchasing e-commerce and inventory control. Mr. Baker was the Executive Vice President for NAPM for 18 years retiring in 1998.He was the 1997 recipient of the J. Shipman Gold Medal awarded by NAPM for unselfishsincere and persistent effort toward the cause and advancement of purchasing and materialsmanagement. He also received the Arizona State University College of Business’ 1997 Distin-guished Achievement Award. He earned a B.A. from Western Washington University and an M.B.A. from the Uni-versity of Michigan at Ann Arbor.Alan M. Cabelly Ph.D. SPHR Professor of Business Administration at Portland StateUniversity holds a Ph.D. from the University of Washington an M.B.A. from The Pennsyl-vania State University and a B.A. from the State University of New York at Stony Brook.He has taught courses in most of the distinct Human Resource Management areas at theundergraduate graduate and executive levels and has taught professional developmentseminars to many diverse groups in high tech service manufacturing public and privatesectors both nationally and internationally. Dr. Cabelly has served on both the Society for Human Resource Management SHRMArea V and the Northwest Human Resource Management Association NHRMA Boards astheir College Relations Directors. He also serves on the SHRM College Relations Committeewas part of the founding group that brought the Human Resource Collegiate Competition tofruition at SHRM 2000 earned the Human Resources Award of Excellence from the PortlandChapter of SHRM and was named Distinguished Member of NHRMA in 1997.Joseph R. Carter D.B.A. C.P.M. is University Professor of Supply Management the Insti-tute for Supply Management Professor in the College of Business Administration and Chairof the Supply Chain Management Department at Arizona State University. Dr. Carter holds aD.B.A. in Operations Management from the Boston University Graduate School of Manage-ment. His major research interests are supplier quality management buyer and supplier commu-nication systems and international supply chain management systems. Dr. Carter has receivedmany academic and professional awards and has been involved in several research projectssponsored by ISM the U.S. government and CAPS Research an affiliation between ArizonaState University and ISM. Dr. Carter has published numerous articles as well as several case studies that are usedas teaching instruments by some of the top business schools in the United States and abroadsuch as Electronic Data Interchange: Implementation in a Purchasing Environment SupplierBar Coding: Closing The EDI Loop Purchasing and Materials Management’s Role in TotalQuality Management and Customer Satisfaction Purchasing and Supply Management: FutureDirections and Trends and Purchasing: Continued Improvement Through Integration TheFuture of Purchasing amp Supply: A Five- and Ten-year Forecast and Environmental SupplyChainManagement. Dr. Carter is the founder and co-director of the Global Supply Chain Management Sem-inar a hallmark of executive education for Arizona State wrence Clark. C.P.M. is purchasing manager of Burleigh Instruments Inc. Fishers NYa manufacturer of high technology scientific instrumentation and equipment. Mr. Clark waspart of a value analysis VA team that was cited in Purchasing magazine’s VA contest andwhich was written about in the December 1993 issue of NAPM Insights. He is active in NAPMRochester having served as educational chair vice-president and president. In 1993 Mr. Clarkwas named ―Pro-D Person of the Year‖ for his work in developing and teaching seminars forthe purchasing profession. Mr. Clark has conducted several seminars and training sessionsincluding C.P.M. review classes. He has also presented two papers on value analysis as wellas writing several articles and editing a chapter for the latest edition of The Purchasing Hand-book published by McGraw-Hill. Mr. Clark holds an M.S. from the State University of NY atOswego.Lisa Ellram Ph.D. C.P.M. A.P.P. C.P.A. C.M.A. is an Associate Professor of Pur-chasing and Logistics Management at Arizona State University where she teaches supplychain management and operations management courses. She has a B.S.B. in Accounting andan M.B.A. from the University of Minnesota and a Ph.D. in business logistics with a minorin industrial engineering from The Ohio State University. Dr. Ellram’s research has been published or is forthcoming in a number of journalsincluding The International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management The Interna-tional Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management The International Journalof Logistics Management Management Decision Purchasing Today and The Journalof Business Logistics. She won the Anderson Consulting Award with co-author Martha C.Cooper for the best paper published in The International Journal of Logistics Management in1990. She is co-author of Purchasing for Bottom Line Impact Irwin Professional Publishers1995 and Fundamentals of Logistics Management Irwin 1998 as well several CAPS focusstudies. Dr. Ellram has taught seminars around the world and her research teaching andcon-sulting interests include supply chain management purchaser-supplier relationships includingalliances and strategic cost management including cost/price analysis total cost of owner-ship and target costing.Christina Foster SPHR is the Vice-President of Diversity for ISM. This is a newly createdposition that will primarily focus on increasing minority and women participation in the pur-chasing field. She received her M.B.A. from the University of Phoenix and her undergraduatedegree from Indiana University. She also has her certification as a Senior Professional inHuman rry C. Giunipero Ph.D. C.P.M. A.P.P. is ISM Professor of Purchasing/Supply Man-agement within the Marketing Department of Florida State University. His primary teachingassignments are in the purchasing and supply chain management areas as well as distribu-tion/channel management and business marketing and sales management. Dr. Giunipero hasa Ph.D. from Michigan State University in Business an M.A. in Accounting from Ball StateUniversity and a B.S. from Purdue University in Industrial Management /Industrial Engi-neering. Previously employed by Westinghouse Electric Corporation in the PurchasingDepartment he has served as a consultant to several major corporations and conducts var-ious seminars nationally in the purchasing and supply chain management area. He is alsothe director for a week long executive management program entitled―Developing Excel-lence in Purchasing Management.‖ Dr. Giunipero’s research has been published in several journals including the Inter-national Journal of Purchasing andMaterials Management Sloan Management ReviewIndustrial Marketing Management International Journal of Logistics International Journalof Physical Distribution amp Logistics and Electronic Buyers News. He is also the c.。

examWizard用户指南说明书

examWizard用户指南说明书

User guideHow to use examWizard Step-by-step process A step-by-step guide to using examWizard, a free exam prepa-ration tool containing a bank of past exam questions, mark schemes and examiners’ reports.How to login?Initially you will be presented with the homepageStep 1 – From the homepage, select either a GQ or BTEC subject or sectorStep 2 – Select your subject from the drop-down menu on the Home page click Login.Step 3 – L ogin using your EdexcelOnline or QMA account details (available free to all teachers of Edexcel specifications).N.B. Ask your Examinations Officer if you unsure of you’re username and password.Click below to go to the section you wantFind Past PapersSearch for past exams papers, mark schemes and examiner’s reports.My PapersView and edit tests that you have preciously created,and view past papers that you saved.Build A PaperSearch for questions, then build your own homework activity, test or mock exam.FAQCheck out our most frequently asked questions.Find Past PapersStep 1– Click on the Find Past Papers tab and select to list all past papers.Step 2– You can use additional search criteria to narrow down your search. Click Search to bring up your results.Continue to Step 3Step 3– The results can be sorted byclicking on the column headers.Clicking on a past paper will display a newwindow, with the following tabs showing:• Paper• Mark Scheme• Examiner’s ReportEach of these can be exported in PDFformat, to store on your computer andprint out later.Step 4– To export the past exam paper, mark scheme or examiner’s report select the Export button.If a paper includes additional materials (such as resource booklets or formulae sheets), these are included in an additional Resources tab.Please note: some of these files are quite large, so may take a short while to load.Build a paperStep 1– Click on the Build a paper tab and select qualification.Step 2– Use the different search filter options to find the questions you need and click Search.Step 3– Results options are presented in the left side panel, View, Add and Remove various question to start to build your paper.Continue to Step 4Step 4– Preview questions by clicking View/Edit and naming your paper.This section will tell you the details of how your paper is progressing, with indications of number of questions, overall time to complete and overall marks given.Details on Questions, Mark Scheme and Examiner report are also given here.Step 5– Once the paper is completed you can save and view your papers in the My Paper section ready to edit, export, delete or print.My PapersOnce saved, your custom paper will remain in the My Papers area for you to come back and retrieve, edit, or copy.Step 1– Click on the My Papers tab to view and editCustom papers include an automatically generated mark scheme and examiner’s report, based on the questions included.Step 2– To preview the custom paper, click on the paper name. The custom paper will open in a new browser window.Step 3– To print it, or export it to MS Word or PDF, select the Print icon.Step 4– To edit it, select the Edit icon. You will be then be taken to the Build a Paper tab where you can edit your paper by adding, deleting and re-ordering questions.Please note: You will need to save your changes by clicking the Save button on theMy Exam Paper panel.Step 5– Create a copy of your paper and edit the new version. Simply select the Copy icon next to paper you want to update.FAQsHow do I print or export my custom paper to MS Word or PDF?You can print your custom paper two ways:1. Once your custom paper is ready but not yet saved, you can print it by clicking theExport button that appears on the My Exam Paper panel on the Build A Paper tab.2. Once your custom paper is saved, you will be able to print it from the My Paperstab by clicking the Print icon that appears next to your paper.In both cases you will be presented with three options:• Print• Export to Word• Export to PDFYou can also add a cover sheet to your papers before printing.How can I increase the question area?You can minimise or maximise Search Results panel area by clicking the arrowicon ().Can I edit custom papers I have already created?Yes. Go to the My Papers tab and select the Edit icon that appears next to the custom paper you would like to edit. You will be then taken to the Build a Paper tab where you can add, delete and reorder questions.How can I download additional resources onto my local computer?Open a custom paper with resources and click on the Resources tab. Select theresource you would like to download by clicking on it. Depending on your browser’s settings, the downloaded resource can appear at the bottom of your browser window or you will get the open/save pop-up window.Can I use examWizard for more than one subject?Yes. You must select a subject before logging in, but you are not restricted as to which subject you can choose. You can change a subject on Home page.If you have any further questions about examWizard and how it can benefityou and your learners, Please contact your Account Manager or email*************************.PEUK C0126 Version 2.0 March 2022 DCL1: Public。

英语四级真题考试指南上海交大出版

英语四级真题考试指南上海交大出版

英语四级真题考试指南上海交大出版**English Version**The Four-level English Test, often referred to as CET-4, is a standardized examination that assesses the English proficiency of non-English majors in China. It serves as a crucial milestone for many students, marking their progress in their academic journey. The exam requires a balance of listening, reading, writing, and translation skills, making it a comprehensive test of English language abilities.For students preparing for this exam, having access to reliable study materials is paramount. Among these materials, the CET-4 True Test Guide published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press stands out as a comprehensiveand authoritative resource. This guide not only provides past exam questions and answers but also offers detailed explanations and strategies to help students tackle various exam sections effectively.The True Test Guide is structured in a way that makesit easy for students to navigate. It begins with anoverview of the exam, outlining the format, scoring system,and the types of questions that appear in each section.This is followed by a detailed section-by-section breakdown, guiding students through the listening, reading, writing, and translation portions of the exam. Each section includes sample questions, followed by answers and explanations that highlight key points and strategies.The listening section, for instance, covers a range of audio materials, including conversations, lectures, and news broadcasts. The guide provides strategies for taking notes effectively, understanding context clues, and recognizing key information. Similarly, the reading section covers different types of texts, such as passages, advertisements, and emails. Tips on skimming and scanning techniques, vocabulary expansion, and understanding the author's intent are provided.The writing section focuses on essay writing, with tips on structuring arguments, using transitional words, and avoiding common grammar mistakes. Sample essays are also included to demonstrate good writing practices. The translation section covers both Chinese-to-English andEnglish-to-Chinese translations, emphasizing the importance of accuracy and fluency.What sets the CET-4 True Test Guide published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press apart is its emphasis on strategic preparation. The guide not only equips students with the knowledge they need to answer questions correctly but also teaches them how to approach the exam with confidence. It encourages students to practice regularly, to familiarize themselves with the exam format, and to identify their weaknesses.Moreover, the guide includes practice tests that allow students to simulate the exam environment, giving them a realistic sense of what to expect on the actual exam day. This is an invaluable tool, as it helps students manage their time effectively and reduces exam anxiety.In conclusion, the CET-4 True Test Guide published by Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press is an essential resource for any student preparing for the CET-4 exam. It provides comprehensive coverage of the exam's content, strategic preparation tips, and ample practice opportunities, making it a one-stop shop for exampreparation. With this guide, students can approach theCET-4 with confidence, knowing that they have the tools and strategies they need to achieve their desired results.**Chinese Version**英语四级考试,即CET-4,是中国非英语专业学生英语水平的重要评估标准。

高等教育学位英语教程和考试指南

高等教育学位英语教程和考试指南

高等教育学位英语教程和考试指南全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1Higher Education Degree English - A Kid's GuideHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the English tests you need to take if you want to go to a university overseas. It's super important stuff, so listen up!When you get older and finish high school, you might want to go to a really good university in another country to get your degree. Universities are like really big schools for grown-ups. But to get into one overseas, you need to prove you can speak, write, and understand English really well. That's where these English tests come in!The biggest and most popular English test is called the TOEFL. That stands for Test Of English as a Foreign Language. Pretty much every university will accept your TOEFL score. The test has four sections - reading, listening, speaking, and writing. You read some passages and answer questions, listen to recordings and answer questions, talk into a microphone aboutsome topics, and write essays on your computer. It's kinda like one mega English exam!Another major English test is the IELTS. That means International English Language Testing System. This one is very similar to the TOEFL. You read, listen, speak, and write stuff to show how good your English skills are. But some people think IELTS is a little bit harder than TOEFL, especially for the speaking part where you have a real conversation with an examiner.Okay, now get ready for some big brain words! There's also the C1 Advanced and C2 Proficiency exams from Cambridge Assessment English. These ones focus more on vocabulary, grammar, and real-life English used in the workplace or at university. If you pass the C2, that means you're pretty much a genius in English!No matter which test you take, you need to get a certain score that the university wants. It's kind of like getting points in a video game to advance to the next level, except with English ability instead of gaming skills. The higher your score, the more prestigious universities you can apply to.To prepare for these tests, you'll probably need to take an English course or get a tutor. You'll learn test strategies, practicethe different sections, and get feedback to improve. It's kinda like leveling up your English powers through quests and training!On test day, make sure you get plenty of sleep the night before and eat a good breakfast to keep your brain energized. And don't forget to bring your pencils, eraser, water, and a snack or two to stay focused.Once you get your scores back, which can take a few weeks, you'll know if you made the cut or if you need to re-take any part of the test. If your scores are high enough, that's your golden ticket to apply to those top universities!Well, that's the basics of the major English tests like TOEFL, IELTS, and the Cambridge exams. It might sound kinda scary now, but don't worry! If you keep practicing your English skills, you'll be more than ready when the time comes. Just picture getting that acceptance letter to your dream university - how awesome would that be?Okay, that's all from me! Let me know if you have any other questions about these English tests for higher education. Study hard and good luck!篇2Graduate Degree English is Super Important!Hi friends! Today I want to talk to you about something really cool called Graduate Degree English. It's kind of like the English classes you take in elementary school, but it's much harder and more advanced. You see, when you grow up and want to get a Master's degree or a Doctorate (that's like being a super genius!), you have to take special English courses and pass some big tests to show how great your English skills are.The English courses you take for your graduate degree are no joke. The reading assignments are huge books filled with fancy words and complex ideas. You have to analyze all the little details and understand the deeper meaning behind everything. Writing assignments are even harder – you can't just write a simple story. You have to create long research papers using perfect grammar, big vocabulary words, and tons of evidence from other books and articles. Class discussions are intense too, with everyone using their biggest brains to debate the professor!On top of those crazy hard classes, you also have to ace some terrifying English exams to get your graduate degree. Let me tell you about a few of the biggest ones:TOEFLThis stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language. Even if English is your first language, you still have to take this test. It has four sections – reading, listening, speaking and writing. The reading passages are super long and confusing, with questions that trick you. For listening, you have to ears like a bat to understand the accents and speeded up conversations. Speaking is scary since you have to give entire presentations and explanations without stopping. And writing means you have to write perfect essays in a short time! Getting a good TOEFL score is crucial for getting into a graduate program.IELTSThis means International English Language Testing System. It's kind of similar to the TOEFL with reading, writing, listening and speaking sections. But it also has some weird opinion questions where you have to give your views on strange topics. The reading passages are absurdly hard with tons of big vocabulary. You have to be a vocabulary monster to do well! For the speaking, you get weird random questions that you have to respond to smoothly without preparation. It's pure torture!GREThe GRE is the big awful test for getting into graduate school. It has three sections that go on forever – verbal reasoning,quantitative reasoning, and analytical writing. The verbal section is filled with vocab questions from the dictionary of doom, reading passages that make no sense, and sentence completion with a million choices. The math section is diabolical with algebra, geometry, data analysis and more. And don't get me started on the essays you have to write analyzing an argument and taking a position - all while the clock is tick-tick-ticking! Many graduate schools won't even look at you without a stellar GRE score.There are a few other tough English tests like the GMAT for business schools and TSE/TWE for speaking and writing. But those three - the TOEFL, IELTS and GRE - are the main ones that give grad students night terrors!So why do universities put students through such torture with all these crazy English courses and tests? It's because having excellent English skills is super duper important for being a successful graduate student. All your classes will be in English, with lectures, readings and writing assignments galore. You have to comprehend everything perfectly and communicate clearly.Plus, most graduate research happens in English too. To make groundbreaking discoveries and add to human knowledge, you have to read past studies, analyze data, and write reports - all in flawless academic English. Presentations at conferenceshappen in English as well. If your English isn't top-notch, you'll never be able to properly share your brilliant ideas!Another big reason is that graduate degrees need to be respected everywhere around the world. By making sure every student has amazing English abilities, universities know their degrees will be valued no matter which country someone is from or where they go. English is the universal language that connects scholars globally.So there you have it friends - graduate degree English is no cakewalk! The courses are mind-bendingly hard, the exams are soul-crushingly difficult, and the standards are severely high. But if you stick with it and work as hard as a beaver, you can become an English expert ready to conquer any graduate program. It's tough but totally worth it to join the ranks of the world's super smart academic elite!Just don't come crying to me when your brain is fried from all the insane reading, writing, studying, and testing required. You can't say I didn't warn you! But I know if you keep your eyes on the prize of that amazing graduate degree, you'll make it through. Then you can start calling yourself a genuine Master or Doctor - how cool is that? The struggles of graduate English willbe a distant nightmare once you're walking across that stage holding your hard-earned diploma. The world is yours!篇3Hey kids! Are you curious about what happens after you finish elementary school, middle school, and high school? Well, buckle up because I'm going to tell you all about higher education degrees and the exams you need to take to get them. It's like a really big game of school, but instead of recess and nap time, you get to pick your favorite subjects to study deeply. Sound fun? Let's go!After high school, many students choose to continue their education at a college or university. These are kind of like super schools where you can study a wide variety of subjects like math, science, history, art, and so much more. The coolest part is that you get to pick a "major" which is the subject you want to focus on the most.Now, when you go to college, your goal is to earn a degree.A degree is kind of like a fancy certificate that shows you mastered a particular area of study. There are a few different types of degrees you can aim for:Bachelor's DegreeThis is usually the first degree students go for. It typically takes about 4 years of full-time study to earn a bachelor's degree. After getting this degree, you'll be an expert in your major subject! You can then go get a job related to that field or continue studying for an even higher degree.Master's DegreeIf you decide you want to keep being a student (because learning is awesome!), you can pursue a master's degree. This is the next level up from a bachelor's and it shows you have advanced knowledge in your subject area. To get a master's, you usually have to first earn a bachelor's degree. Then, it takes an additional 1-2 years of study beyond that.Doctoral DegreeThis is the highest degree you can earn, and it makes you a real-life expert professor in your field! Earning a doctoral degree is a huge challenge that takes many years of intense research and writing something called a dissertation (like a super-duper long book report). But if you make it through, you'll have the title of "Doctor" and people will call you the smartest kid on the block!So those are the main degrees, but how do you actually get them? By passing exams, of course! Here are some of the big tests you might have to take:SAT/ACTThese are exams that test your skills in reading, writing, and math. You'll probably take them towards the end of high school. Scoring well on the SAT or ACT can help you get into the college of your dreams!GREThe GRE (Graduate Record Examination) is an exam that many graduate programs require if you want to pursue a master's degree or doctoral degree. It tests your verbal and quantitative reasoning abilities.GMATIf you plan to get a master's degree in business or management, you'll likely need to take the GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test). This exam evaluates your analytical and critical thinking skills.TOEFL/IELTSThese are tests of English language proficiency that international students may need to take when applying to universities in English-speaking countries.LSATAspiring lawyers, get ready! The LSAT (Law School Admission Test) is an exam for anyone wanting to attend law school and earn a degree to become a lawyer.MCATFuture doctors, this one's for you! The MCAT (Medical College Admission Test) is a must for getting into medical school and becoming a physician or surgeon.Whew, that's a lot of exams and degrees to think about! Don't worry though, you've got plenty of time. For now, just focus on doing your best in school, exploring your interests, and having fun. The world of higher education will be waiting for you with lots of awesome opportunities after you finish high school. Study hard, dream big, and get ready for an amazing adventure!篇4A Kid's Guide to Big Kid College StuffHey kids! You know how your parents and teachers are always talking about college and degrees and English tests? It can all sound pretty confusing and boring, right? Well, let me break it down for you in a fun way that even us kids can understand!First up, let's talk about college degrees. You've probably heard adults use words like "bachelor's" or "master's" before. Those are different types of degrees that you can get after going to college for a few years. Think of them like levels in a video game - you start with an easier one and work your way up!The bachelor's degree is kind of like getting to the first big boss level. It usually takes around 4 years to earn if you go to college right after high school. Subjects you can study include math, science, art, music, and pretty much anything else you can think of. Having a bachelor's degree can help you get lots of different jobs.Now, the master's degree is like getting to that super tough expert level of the game. You already beat the bachelor's boss, so now it's time for an even bigger challenge! A master's takes about 2 more years of study after your bachelor's. You have to pick just one subject area to focus on, like business, engineering,or education. The classes are really hard, but if you make it through, you become a master of that subject!Okay, now let's talk about those English tests that have names like "TOEFL" and "IELTS." These are big important tests that colleges use to check how good you are at English. Even if you already speak English really well, you might still have to take one of these tests to prove your skills. It's kind of like in video games where you have to beat a tough mini-boss before you can move on to the next level!The TOEFL test looks at skills like reading, writing, listening, and speaking English. You read some passages then answer questions to show you understood everything. You also have to talk into a microphone and write some essays. It's a long test, around 4 hours! Lots of colleges want you to pass the TOEFL if English isn't your first language.Then there's the IELTS test, which is kind of similar. You have to read, write, listen, and speak just like the TOEFL. But this test was actually made by some super smart people in Britain, not America. Some colleges prefer IELTS scores instead of TOEFL, just to keep things confusing!I know, I know, it's starting to sound a bit boring again. Sorry about that! The main thing to remember is that doing well onthese English tests, and getting college degrees can help you go on to have a really cool job when you grow up. Like maybe you'll be a video game developer? Or a rock star? Or even an astronaut! The opportunities are endless when you work hard on your education.So don't worry too much about it right now, kids. You've got many years before you need to start thinking about college applications and English exams. Just keep playing, using your imagination, and listening to your teachers. The fun part of being a kid is that you don't have to worry about all this grown-up stuff yet!But when the time does come, just remember - college degrees are like video game levels. English tests can be tough bonus levels. If you stick with it, you'll make it through! And then the job you've always dreamed of can be yours.Okay, that's enough of my rambling. Who wants to go outside and play soccer? Last one there is a rotten egg! Race you!篇5Higher Education Degree English Courses and Exam GuideHey kids! Are you ready to learn about English courses and exams for getting a higher education degree? It's super important stuff, but I'll try to explain it in a way that's fun and easy to understand. Let's go!First up, what is a higher education degree? It's like a really cool certificate or diploma that you get after studying a subject really hard at a university or college for several years. With a degree, you can get awesome jobs and make lots of money when you grow up!Now, most universities and colleges require you to take English courses as part of your degree program. Why? Because English is the language used all around the world for business, science, and lots of other important stuff. It's like the secret code that unlocks amazing opportunities!The English courses cover things like reading, writing, listening, and speaking. In reading, you learn how to understand all kinds of texts like books, newspapers, and websites. Writing is where you practice putting your thoughts down on paper clearly and correctly. Listening is super important for understanding people when they speak English. And speaking is where you learn to express yourself out loud in English without feeling shy or nervous.To make sure you're learning properly, you have to take exams at the end of each English course. Exams can seem scary, but they're actually not too bad if you study hard. The exams usually have sections testing your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. As long as you pay attention in class and practice a lot, you'll do great!Some of the most common English exams for higher education degrees are IELTS, TOEFL, PTE, and CAE. They all test your English abilities in different ways, but the goal is the same - to show that your English is good enough for university study.The IELTS (International English Language Testing System) has listening, reading, writing, and speaking sections. You get scores from 1 to 9, with 9 being the highest. Universities usually want you to score at least 6 or 7 to join their degree programs.Then there's the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). This one is kind of like the IELTS but has some different question types. You get scores from 0 to 120, and most universities want you to score at least 80 or higher.The PTE (Pearson Test of English) is another popular English test. It's done entirely on a computer, which is kinda cool! Your scores range from 10 to 90, with 90 being brilliant. Many universities accept PTE scores as well.Finally, there's the CAE (Certificate in Advanced English), which is slightly different. Instead of just testing your skills, the CAE proves you can use English at a really high level for work or study. It's graded on the Cambridge English Scale from 0 to 230.Whew, that's a lot of information! Don't worry if some parts still seem confusing. The most important things to remember are:English is super important for higher educationYou need to take English courses and pass exams like IELTS, TOEFL, PTE or CAEThe exams test your reading, writing, listening and speaking abilitiesIf you practice hard, you'll do amazingly well!Just keep working on your English skills, listen to your teachers, and you'll be ready to get a fancy degree from a top university when you're older. How cool is that? Education is the key to an awesome future! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇6Higher Education English Degree Courses and Tests - A Kid's GuideHi there friends! Today we're going to talk about something super important if you want to go to a university when you get older - English degree courses and tests. I know it might seem like a boring topic, but trust me, it's actually really cool to learn about!When you finish high school, you might want to get even smarter by going to university. Universities are like really big schools for grown-ups where you can study all sorts of amazing subjects. But here's the thing - a lot of universities around the world teach their classes in English! Even if English isn't your first language, you'll probably need to know it really well to understand everything.That's where English degree courses come in. These are special classes that help prepare you for university by teaching you all the English reading, writing, listening and speaking skills you'll need. The teachers are pros at explaining things simply so you can get good at academic English.Now let me tell you about some of the biggest, most important English tests out there that universities want you to take:IELTSThis one stands for International English Language Testing System. The IELTS exam has four sections - listening, reading, writing and speaking. You'll hear conversations and talks then answer questions, read passages and explain the main ideas, write essays, and have a conversation with an examiner. Lots of universities use your IELTS score to decide if your English is good enough!TOEFLThe TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language. It's kind of similar to IELTS with reading, listening, speaking and writing portions. But the reading and listening sections have different question types like filling in sentences and lectures. The TOEFL tests more academic English skill since many American universities want you to take it.Duolingo English TestThis is a newer test that you can take online at home instead of going to a testing center. You'll do sample interviews, write essays, and answer questions about talks and reading passages right on your computer. It's simple and affordable, so more schools are starting to accept Duolingo scores.PTE AcademicPTE means the Pearson Test of English Academic. This one is a bit different because it's all on a computer too and it uses artificial intelligence to grade your responses instantly. You'll summarize texts, give speeches, and answer multiple choice questions. The tasks feel very modern!See, learning about these English tests is interesting, right? Once you get the hang of academic English by taking a degree prep course, you'll be ready to rock any of these exams. Then you can apply to amazing universities all over the world!And who knows, maybe I'll see some of you guys on my university campus one day. We can walk around the fancy libraries together and chat using our awesome English skills. Now how cool would that be? Let's make it happen!。

大学生英语4级考试专项指南 湖南师范出版

大学生英语4级考试专项指南 湖南师范出版

大学生英语4级考试专项指南湖南师范出版College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) Special GuideIntroductionThe College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) is an essential English proficiency exam for college students in China. It is designed to test students' overall English language abilities, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking. A good score on the CET-4 exam not only demonstrates a student's English proficiency but also opens up opportunities for further study and employment. This special guide is designed to help students prepare effectively for the CET-4 exam, with a focus on tips, strategies, and practice materials.Content1. Overview of the CET-4 Exam- Format: The CET-4 exam is divided into four sections: listening, reading, writing, and translation. The listening section includes multiple-choice questions, while the reading section consists of comprehension questions. The writing section requires students to write essays on given topics, and the translation section tests students' ability to translate English passages into Chinese.- Scoring: The CET-4 exam is scored on a scale of 0 to 710, with a passing score of 425. Students can receive separate scores for each section of the exam, as well as an overall score.- Preparation: To prepare for the CET-4 exam, students should focus on improving their English language skills in all areas, including vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing, and translation.2. Tips for Success on the CET-4 Exam- Practice regularly: Consistent practice is essential for improving English language skills. Students should dedicate time each day to reading, listening, writing, and speaking in English.- Use authentic materials: To prepare for the CET-4 exam, students should practice with authentic English materials, such as newspapers, magazines, books, and videos. This will help students become familiar with the language and content they will encounter on the exam.- Focus on weaknesses: Students should identify their weaknesses in English, such as grammar, vocabulary, or listening comprehension, and focus on improving those areas through targeted practice.- Take practice tests: Practice tests are an essential tool for preparing for the CET-4 exam. Students should take numerous practice tests to become familiar with the exam format, timing, and types of questions.- Seek help: If students are struggling with certain aspects of English, they should seek help from teachers, tutors, or study groups to improve their skills.3. Practice Materials for the CET-4 Exam- Listening: Students can practice listening comprehension by listening to English podcasts, videos, and radio programs. They should focus on listening for main ideas, supporting details, and context.- Reading: Students can improve their reading comprehension by reading English newspapers, articles, and books. They should practice summarizing main ideas, identifying key information, and understanding context.- Writing: Students can practice writing essays on a variety of topics, such as education, technology, environment, and society. They should focus on organizing ideas, developing arguments, and using appropriate vocabulary and grammar.- Translation: Students can practice translation by translating English passages into Chinese and vice versa. They should focus on accuracy, clarity, and fluency in their translations.ConclusionThe CET-4 exam is a crucial assessment of college students' English proficiency in China. To succeed on the exam, students must dedicate time and effort to improving their English language skills in all areas. This special guide provides tips, strategies, and practice materials to help students prepare effectively for the CET-4 exam. By following these recommendations and practicing regularly, students can enhance their English proficiency and achieve success on the CET-4 exam.。

李绍山TEM4新-2

李绍山TEM4新-2

MODEL TEST TWOTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSGRADE FOURTIME LIMIT. 130 MIN. PART I DICTATION [15 MIN. ]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understandthe meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read atnormal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then begiven 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [15 MIN.] In sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given ]5 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.1. Where does this conversation most likely take place?A. In a classroom.B. Over the telephone.C. At the information desk of a university.D. At the register's office of a university.2. Which of the following statements about the woman is true?A. Her number is 908-7436.B. She works far from Building A.C. She will take the evening course.D. She wants to study Mandarin and Spanish.3. What does the conversation say about the course?A. The course is for beginners.B. The daytime lessons are more popular.C. The course won't begin until August 11.D. The course is available at 10:00 am, 4:00 pm and 6:00 am.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversa- tion, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.4. Where did the woman go for holiday last year?A. A mountain resort.B. A seaside resort.C. A desert.D. The outback of Australia.5. Who are the two speakers?A. Fellow teachers.B. Freshmen of a university.C. Second-year students.D. Either seniors or juniors.6. Why does the man vote for Sydney?A. There are mountains nearby.B. He's been there once.C. He wants to be away from the hustle and bustle.D. He heard it would be fun to be there.7. What will the two speakers probably do next?A. Finish their course work.B. Plan out their holiday in detail.C. Head for Sydney.D. Buy some necessities for their trip.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. What is the man doing?A. Complaining to the manager.B. Having a fight with the manager.C. Buying another pair of jeans.D. Trying to get his money back.9. What made the man so angry?A. The girl refused to refund the jeans.B. He was given the wrong size.C. The girl deliberately put the jeans in a box.D. The girl didn't handle his complaint well.10. Which word best describes the man?A. Apologetic.B. Reasonable.C. Pathetic.D. Fault-finding.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the .following passage. At the end of the passage, youwill be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.11. The main structure of a nuclear family consists ofA. one father, one mother and childrenB. grandparents, parents and childrenC. wives, husbands and their relativesD. sisters, grandparents and aunts12. What advantage does the nuclear family offer women?A. All the power of the family.B. An equal right to make decisions.C. All the decisions about family life.D. All the freedom needed.13. Which of the following is the disadvantage mentioned in the passage?A. Less care.B. More loneliness.C. Less freedom.D. Less happiness.14. What is NOT available to married women in nuclear families?A. Power to make decisions.B. Freedom from their relatives.C. More free time from housework.D. More full-time jobs.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.15. When Midori was two years old, she was not allowed to touch her mother's violin becauseA. she was too young to play the violinB. the violin was too expensiveC. the violin was too big for herD. her mother wanted her to play the piano16. What did Johnston, the American musician, ask Midori to do?A. To play the violin once again.B. To go to the United States.C. To accept a full scholarship.D. To make a tape recording.17. Midori moved to the United States toA. live a more comfortable lifeB. give performancesC. be a pupil of a famous violinistD. enter a famous universityQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, youwill be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.18. Prior to the formation of a tornado,A. the sky is cloudyB. the sky is very darkC. the sky is cloudlessD. a black line stretches across the horizon19. Why does breathing become difficult for humans during a tornado?A. The wind becomes fast and hot.B. Air pressure gets steadily lower.C. The black area moves closer.D. They are knocked to the ground.20. Which of the following is NOT the result of a tornado?A. Insects are unable to balance themselves.B. It is difficult to breathe.C. A tornado destroys everything on its path.D. A tornado kills 120 people every time it comes.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 21 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.21. Who would be pardoned according to the news?A. Those having no connection with recent bombings.B. Those who give up their weapons voluntarily.C. Those who cooperate with the government.D. Those who killed the American hostage.Questions22 to 23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, youwill be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.22. How will UNICEF help the African children?A. Build more schools in Africa.B. Reduce school fees in Africa.C. Return them to school.D. Provide them with food and housing.23. Extra money is needed to helpA. African childrenB. Sudanese childrenC. African refugeesD. Sudanese refugeesQuestions24 to 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.24. Why were there protests in Britain against Iran?A. Some British boats sank in Iranian waters.B. Some British soldiers were expelled out of Iran.C. Some British soldiers were captured in Iranian waters.D. Some British soldiers were shot in Iranian waters.25. How did Britain explain the incident?A. The boats were away from their course by mistake.B. The boats were en route to their base.C. The servicemen fired at Iranian targets by mistake.D. The servicemen ran into a trap.26. What did Britain ask Iran to do?A. To release the captives.B. To return the boats.C. To offer a formal apology.D. To make compensations.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.27. Protestors demonstrated in the capital to show their dissatisfaction with _____A. the country's economyB. the government's efforts to improve economyC. restrictions on banking withdrawalsD. the high unemployment rate28. What did the protestors demand?A. Resignation of the president.B. Improvement in economy.C. Changes in banking rules.D. Increase in employment.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, youwill be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.29. What can be learnt about the trial?A. It will start soon.B. It has already started.C. It stopped temporarilyD. It came to an end.30. What CANNOT be inferred about Milosevic?A. He's in poor health.B. He's in the Hague.C. He insisted on self-defense.D. He insisted on self-appointed lawyers.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN.]Decide which of the choices below would correctly complete the passage if inserted inthe corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your answer sheet.While radio broadcasting was still (31) its 31. A. duringB. onC. inD. withearly stage the wonder of television was (32) 32. A. alreadybeing developed. The first step towards its invention was B. alwaysC. not yetD. ever(33) in 1873 but the person responsible for 33. A. markedB. quickenedC. keptD. takendeveloping (34) was John Logie Baird. In 1926 34. A. itB. televisionC. the designD. the machinehe gave the (35) of a television picture. 35. A. exhibitionB. glimpseC. demonstrationD. reviewMODEL TEST TWOIn sections A, B and C you will hear everything once only. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet. SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.M: Hello. May I help you?W: Hello. Is this the right place for me to register to study foreign languages?M: Yes, it is. May I have your name please?W: Julia. My family name is Smith.M: Julia Smith. Okay. Do you have a telephone number?W: Yeah, 908 3476.M: Thank you. Now, which language would you like to learn? We offer French, Italian, Cantonese, Mandarin, Spanish, Portuguese.W: Ah. I'd like to learn Spanish, please.M: Okay. Our classes are conducted in lots of different places. We have classrooms in the city and here in this building.W: What's this building called?M: This is Building A.W: I work near here, so I'd like to study in Building A.M: What time do you want to come to lessons? They go on for three hours, and they start at 10:00 am, 4:00 pm and 6:00 pm.W.. I wish I could come to the daytime lessons, but I can't, so 6:00 pm please.Mi That's our most popular time, of course. Umm, have you ever studied Spanish before?W: No, I haven't.M: We describe our classes by level and number. Your class is called "Elementary One."W: Okay. When will class start?M: Elementary One begins, ah, just a minute, ah, it begins on August 10.W: Great!Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.M: Well, Cynthia, our first semester at university is almost over. I can't wait for the holidays.W: Me, too, Edward! Why don't we go somewhere far away and forget about lectures and essays and all that hard work.M: Sounds good to me. Now, how long will we have before we have to be back here on campus for the next semester?W: We've got about six weeks, I think.M: How about if we go to the coast? It would be great to do some swimming and surfing.W: The coast would be good, but let's look at our other options. There are the mountains. They're nice and cool at this time of year. And we can do some bush-walking. There's also the desert, which I really enjoyed last year.M: What about going to Sydney? I've never been there and they say it's a great city to visit. Lots of things to do there, I've heard.W: I agree Sydney would be good but there are too many tourists there at this time of year. And I'd rather get away from buildings and cars. There are enough of those around here. I vote for mountains.M: All right, then, let's do that. Now we have to decide where we're going to stay and how we're going to get there.Questions8 to l0 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.M: Ahem. Excuse me, where's the manager? I want to see him.W: I'm sorry, but the manager is not here today.M: I demand a refund on these jeans. They are not the right size.W: I'm so sorry, but the manager is not in. I'll have to take care of your matter.M: You see, I paid an expensive price for these jeans and one of your salesclerks gave me the wrong size. On top of that, he put them in a box so that only after I arrived home and my son tried them on was I aware of his trick.W: I'm sorry, but I don't think he did that deliberately.M: I don't care how sorry or apologetic you are. I want my money back.W: Do you have the receipt with you?M: No.W: I'm sorry, but no receipt, no refund. This is our policy.M: You'd better refund my money or else you'll be in big trouble.W: I'm terribly sorry, but I can't refund your money. I can give you another pair of jeans in exchange for yours.M: Isn't there anything else that you do?W: No, that's the way it is.M: Well, okay, I'll exchange my jeans for another pair, but Vm not happy.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the passage.The family is changing. In the past, grandparents, parents and children used to live together, and they had an extended family. But family structure is changing throughout the world. The nuclear family consists of only one father, one mother and children, it is becoming the main family structure everywhere.The nuclear family offers married women some advantages: they have freedom from their relatives, and the husband does not have all the power of the family. Studies show that in nuclear families men and women usually make an equal number of decisions about family life.But wives usually have to "pay" for the benefits of freedom and power. When women lived in extended families, sisters, grandparents and aunts helped one another with housework and childcare. Wives in nuclear families do not often enjoy this benefit, and they have another disadvantage, too: women generally live longer than their husbands, so older women from nuclear families often have to live alone.Studies show that women are generally less satisfied with marriage than men are. In the past, men worked outside the home and women worked inside. Housework and childcare were a full-time job, and there was no time for anything else. Now women work outside and have more freedom than they did in the past, but they still have to do most of the housework. The women actually have two full-time jobs, and they have not much free time.Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.When Midori was two years old, she often climbed onto the piano bench and reached for the violin that be longed to her mother, a 38 year-old professional musician."Please don't touch, Midori," her mother scolded. The violin was, after all, worth more than $ 20,000.But Midori persisted, she longed to handle the graceful instrument that made beautiful sounds. Finally, on her third birthday, Midori was handed a package: a tiny violin, about half the normal size.Almost from the moment Midori was born, her mother knew she was sensitive to music. For several years mother and daughter practiced together day after day. She was eager to learn. Failure often led to tears, though she never once turned from the instrument. Instead, she persisted until the problem was overcome.One day Johnston, an American musician, heard Midori playing the violin. He couldn't believe she was just eight years old. "She must make a tape and I will take it to the United States," the musician said.A famous American violin teacher heard the tape. He, too, had difficulty believing his ears. The playing was absolutely astonishing. He immediately accepted her as a pupil and recommended her for a full scholarship. In 1982, Midori and her mother moved to New York City, leaving behind a comfortable life in Japan.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the passage.One of the most feared occurrences in nature is the tornado. The area most frequently the target of this violent windstorm is the Great Plains, the region extending from the Rockies to the Mississippi, and from Canada down through Texas. When warm, moist air meets with cooler, drier air at low levels, a tornado often occurs. Prior to the formation of the familiar funnel-shaped cloud, the sky is very clear. Then, a black line suddenly appears. As this black area moves in, the fast wind becomes hot and moist and a deep stillness encircles the landscape. Because the area pressure drops steadily during a tornado, breathing becomes difficult. Insects fall to the ground, unable to balance themselves in flight. Suddenly, a black funnel resembling a giant whip dips down out of the sky, destroying what it touches, and then retreats. Although a tornado usually destroys property rather than lives, an average of 120 people die yearly as a result of these violent storms. It is obvious why the tornado is feared throughout the Great Plains.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 21 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.Saudi Arabia is offering amnesty to al-Qaeda militants not directly involved in the recent killings and bombings there. Crown Prince Abdullah says those who surrender voluntarily within the next thirty days will benefit from sharia, Islamic law that allows leniency for those who turn themselves in. However, he says, last week's killers of an American hostage can expect no mercy.Questionsg2 to23 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The UN children's program UNICEF says it plans to help millions of African children return to school or start classes for the first time next year. The agency's executive director says more than twenty-four million children in Africa are not in school because of discrimination, school fees or other factors. Meanwhile the chief UN office for refugees is asking for additional fifty six million dollars for food and housing for people fleeing ethnic violence in Sudan's western Darfur region. A spokesman says Secretary General Kofinnan is planning to visit the region soon.Questions 24 to 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The British Defense Ministry says Iran forced eight British servicemen and their three patrol boats into Iranian territorial waters before capturing them earlier this month. The eight were held for three nights amid growing British protests before Teheran ordered their release. Iran said the captives were released after Britain admitted the boats were mistakenly off course. Britain is continuing to negotiate with Teheran for the return of the three boats and other equipment seized June 21st.Questions 27 to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given l0 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.Tens of thousands of demonstrators from all walks of life have marched through the Argentine capital Buenos Aires to protest against the government's handling of the country's worst ever economic crisis. The protestors turned the traditional Independence Day celebrations into what they called a day of rage. Some demanded more jobs, others an end to tough banking restrictions and many called for the resignation of all politicians and fresh elections.Questions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The chief judge at the war crimes trial of the former Yugoslavia President Slobodan Milosevic has called for a radical review of proceedings after the trial was adjourned because of the defendant's ill health. In a short but dramatic hearing at The Hague, the judge read a medical report, saying Mr. Milosevic was suffering from extremely high blood pressure and needed a rest. Mr. Milosevic, who's insisted on conducting his own case, had been due to begin setting out his defense. The judges will announce on Tuesday how they intend to proceed.MODEL TEST TWOPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION1. D2. C3. A4. C5. B6. D7. B8. D9. B 10. D 11. A 12. B13. B 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. DPART III GLOZE31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. C 37.B 38. B 39. D 40. B 41.C 42. A43. D 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. B 49.C 50. DPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY51. D 52. B 53. A 54. A 55. B 56. B 57.A 58.B 59.C 60. C 61. C 62. A63. B 64. B 65. B 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. A 71. D 72. A 73. D 74. C75. B 76. B 77. D 78. C 79. A 80. DPART V READING COMPREHENSION81. C 82. A 83. A 84. C 85. A 86. A 87.D 88. A 89. C 90. D 91. B 92. C93. B 94. A 95. D 96. C 97. B 98. A 99.D 100. BWinds and Sea WavesIf you ever stood on the shore of the ocean, you’ve seen wave after wave move toward you. Each comes up to the shore, breaks and then falls back. Is there a giant machine far out at sea that creates this movement? Not at all. But there’s one factor which has been hard at work. It is the wind which makes the movement---we call waves. This movement continues until it runs into something like the shore. The waves that reach the shore line may have traveled thousands of miles. As the waves approaches the shore, it slows down. The water becomes more shallow. The sea bottom drags on the waves. The tops of the waves crowd together when they’re too close for the waves to form properly, the wave breaks. The top of the waves spills over , and the water pushes forward onto the beach.。

Q-GRADER STUDY GUIDE

Q-GRADER STUDY GUIDE

COMPLETE Q-GRADER STUDY GUIDEGENERAL KNOWLEDGE EXAM综合知识考试Test: 100 Multiple Choice Questions考试内容: 100 道选择题Time: 60 min考试时间: 60 分钟Passing score: 75%及格分数: 75%The general knowledge exam is a 100 question test about all things coffee. Although most of the information will be reviewed in class, some of the items will not be reviewed. Students should be prepared by reviewing SCA resources below.综合知识考试是100SCAThe test will contain questions on:考试包括的问题有:Coffee farming, harvesting, processingCoffee cupping and grading咖啡杯测和分级Coffee roasting and brewing咖啡烘焙和冲煮CUPPING SKILLS杯测技能考试4 Tests四次考试Time: 60 minutes each考试时间:每次考试为60分钟Passing Score: 80% (86 points)及格分数:80%(86分)The cupping skills exams will test the cuppers ability to review and score coffees using sensory analysis according to the SCA Cupping Protocols and using the SCA Cupping form.The test will contain four cupping flights of 6 co ffee samples:考试包括六个咖啡样品的四个杯测组:Central American Milds SessionAfrican SessionNatural Processed SessionAsia/Pacific & Indonesian Session亚太平洋地区和印尼组The cupper will be required to cup and evaluate the samples using the SCA Cupping Protocols and Cupping form. Those whose form falls too close to the statistical middle for each characteristic will be asked to retake the exam, as will those who fall too far out of calibration. The cupping flights will vary in quality and scores, therefore you must calibrate with your class within the acceptable range for that particular flight. Imagine that your class is like a swarm of bees. If your score is in the middle of the swarm of bees and you are consistently within the swarm of bees, then you pass. If you are too far outside of the swarm, you will not pass.BIG TIPS:•Study the SCA Cupping Protocols学习精品咖啡协会杯测标准•Practice cupping using the SCA Cupping form which can be found on the SCA Store under “downloadable”线上店铺下载•Create your own flights of the following origins and practice the protocols using the cupping form.•Avoid grading the coffee’s characteristics similarly as this may indicate that the cupper is unsure of their performance.•Practice blind tasting from different origins and processing methods to test your palateand become familiar with coffee origins.SENSORY SKILLS感官技能考试The sensory skills exam will test the participants ability to sense sour, sweet, and salty at different intensity levels and combinations.Taster will be tasting 3 odorless liquids: sour, sweet, and salty of different intensity levels (low, medium and high)Part 1 – Reference: 10 minutes, Instructor led, no credits-参考组:10Taster will taste 9 liquids, 3 of each modality (sour, sweet, salty), and 3 intensities (low, medium, high). Discussion will follow.测试者将品尝9种液体,3Part 2 – Blind: 20 Minutes, Passing Score 80% (79 Points).-盲测:20分钟,及格分数80%(79分)Taster must blindly identify all liquids, their modality and intensity.测试者必须盲测识别出所有的液体的味道和强度。

雅思听力分类词汇

雅思听力分类词汇

校园生活场景学术教育attendance 出勤exemption 免休re-sit 重考补考report 报告set exercise 固定的练习reference 参考书目bibliography 参考书目plagiarism 剽窃抄袭cheat 作弊high distinction 优异distinction 良好credit 合格pass 及格fail 不及格arts 文科science 理科core books 核心书目freshman 大学一年级学生sophomore 大学二年级学生junior 大学三年级学生senior 大学四年级学生auditorium 大礼堂recreation centre 娱乐中心loose spiral notebook 活页本curriculum vitae 履历tertiary education 高等教育preparatory year 预科drop out 辍学curriculum 课程draft 草稿enrollment 注册register/enroll 登记,报到student union office 学生会办公室opening ceremony开学典礼orientation meeting 新生学校综合情况介绍会application form 申请表letter of recommendation 推荐信credit/point/credit point 学分credit system学分制mark/ score/ grade分数,成绩assessment 对学生的学习情况进行评估handout 分发的印刷品assignment 作业presentation专题发言project课外课题paper/ thesis/ dissertation 毕业论文essay 短论文deadline 截止时期extension 延期journal每周要做的作业participation 课堂参与情况tutorial 个别辅导讨论课office hour (教授与学生)面谈的时间secondary education中等教育higher education高等教育adult education成人教育open admission免试入学制kindergarten/ day-care center幼儿园nursery school托儿所primary/elementary school小学secondary school中学junior high school初中senior high school高中attached middle school附中technical school技校polytechnic institute 理工学院/ 科技大学key school重点中学graduate school研究生院open university夜大、函大independent/private school私立学校public school公立学校school of arts and sciences 文理学院auditor/guest student 旁听生boarder住宿生undergraduate 本科postgraduate 研究生Bachelor 学士Master 硕士Doctor 博士alumnus/ alumna 男/ 女校友alma mater母校graduation appraisal毕业评估graduation ceremony/ commencement 毕业典礼diploma/ graduation certificate毕业证书degree学位associate diploma专科证书certificate 证书qualification 资格expert专家consultant 顾问faculty 教职员工的总称teaching assistant 助教dean学校分院长,系主任principal/ president 校长coordinator 课程协调人/ 班主任lecturer 讲师assistant professor 助理教授associate professor副教授professor 教授school counselor 校辅导员supervisor 论文指导老师career advisor 职业指导官adviser/ mentor 导师chancellor 名誉校长president 大学校长coeducation男女生同校制度term/semester学期blue-book考卷academic year 学年final-examination期末考核quiz小测验oral test口试open-book exam开卷考pop test抽考placement test 入学分级考试aptitude test 学能测试teaching facilities教学设施sponsor 赞助人discipline 科目English proficiency 英语流利程度supplementary reading material 补充阅读材料prescribed textbook 指定课本methodology 教学法debate 辩论seminar 研讨会lecture 讲座conference hall 会议厅venue 场地grant 助学金loan 贷款stipend 固定奖学金tuition 学费scholarship 本科奖学金fellowship 研究生奖学金student union 学生会schedule/ school timetable 课程表course arrangement 课程安排presentation 课上口头表达project 研究项目课题report 报告defense 答辩syllabus 教学大纲extracurricular 课外课程课程选择beginner course 入门课foundation course 基础课basic course 基础课elementary course 初级课primary course 初级课secondary course中级课intermediate course中级课advanced course 高级课compulsory course 必修课required course 必修课optional course 选修课elective course 选修课specialized course 专业课general course 公共课major 主修minor 副修archaeology 考古学architecture 建筑学astronomy 天文学agriculture 农业geography 地理geology 地质chemistry 化学micro-biology 微生物学marine-biology 海洋生物学hospitality 酒店管理服务管理botany 植物学zoology 动物学ecology 生态学electronics 电子学mathematics/maths 数学statistics 统计学genetics 遗传学physiology 生理学literature文学philosophy 哲学history历史art艺术sociology社会学linguistics语言学psychology 心理学engineering工程学business商务law法学economics经济学finance 金融学accounting会计学banking 银行学biochemistry生物化学physics 物理学anthropology 人类学science 科学图书馆touch-screen information service 触摸屏extension 续借后的延长期renew(al)续借due 到期overdue 过期date of expiry 到期日catalogue under title/author 书名目录/著者目录fiction/non-fiction 小说类/非小说类reference book section 工具书阅览室encyclopedia 百科全书atlas 地图册almanac 年鉴magnetically coded 磁化的有条形码的demagnetize 消磁available 可借阅的in stock 有存货图书馆有stack 书库open shelf 开架书closed reserved 非外借图书处out on loan 借出去了reservation list 预约单prospectus 学校介绍学生手册leaflet 散页Forbes 福布斯index 索引front/back cover 封面/封底fly page/leaf 扉页retrieval 检索audio visual resource center 视听资料室reprint 再版archives 档案volume 卷bound volume 合订版abstract 摘要microform 缩微borrow 借用lend/ loan 借给newspaper 报纸journal 杂志periodical 期刊category 类别pay fines 付罚款check out 登记并借出return in time 及时归还interlibrary service图书馆间馆际服务information desk 服务台library card 借书证call slip索书单current/ back issues 即期/ 过期刊物librarian and reader 图书馆员和读者student card 学生证loan period 借书期circulation desk 借书台电脑机房internet café 网吧lab rules 计算机室规程printer 打印机copier 复印机fax machine 传真机Macintosh 苹果计算机hardware 硬件software 软件network 网络access to the net 访问网络floppy disk软盘hard disk硬盘CD-ROM 光盘驱动器monitor 监视器 keyboard 键盘mouse device 鼠标modem 调制解调器setup安装uninstall卸载operation system操作系统program程序word/data processing 文字/数据处理user 用户click点击update 更新data base数据库manual指南menu菜单password口令virus病毒web page 网页website网站online 在线email电子邮件firewall防火墙log on 登录virus 病毒laptop 笔记本电脑课题研究调查have it blank 可以不填空着feedback 反馈research 研究poll 民意调查survey 调查analyze data 分析数据questionnaire 调查问卷case study 案例调查observation 观察法hypothesis 假设statistics 统计valid/invalid 有效的/无效的data/ datum 数据investigation 调查quantitative定量的qualitative 定性的significant difference 显著差异interview 访谈respondent/ interviewee 被调查者multiple choice question 选择题results 结果conclusion 结论interpretation 解释/阐释opinion 观点具体授课fertile soil沃土hard hoofed animal 硬蹄动物cattle 牛livestock 牲畜evaporation 蒸发irrigation 灌溉solar power 太阳能nuclear power 核能alternative energy 可替代能源carbon dioxide 二氧化碳aluminum 铝population density 人口密度pollution 污染sewage 污水排除consumption 消耗greenhouse effect 温室效应El Nino 厄尔尼诺fossil 化石tribe 部落Aztec 阿斯台克族ageing population 人口老龄化meet the criteria 符合标准generation of electricity 发电reservoir 水库boom 繁荣sprawl 蔓延settlement 殖民地profile 外形pendulum 钟摆innovation 革新commercialization 商业化globalization 全球化utilize 利用moisture 潮湿season 风化timber 木料processing 处理environment 环境resource 资源recycling 再循环manilla folder 牛皮纸夹treaty 条约military 军事的milestone 里程碑internal clock 生物钟charity 慈善depression 抑郁fund raising 募捐endangered species 濒危物种rare species 稀有物种kangaroo 袋鼠koala 考拉lizard 蜥蜴emu 鸸鹋ostrich 鸵鸟penguin 企鹅dolphin 海豚whale 鲸falcon 猎鹰shark 鲨鱼bat 蝙蝠kiwi 几维鸟mammal 哺乳动物reptile 爬行动物toad 蟾蜍dinosaur 恐龙crocodile 鳄鱼goat 山羊horse 马hen 母鸡rare lion 稀有狮子elephant 大象parrot 鹦鹉snake 蛇tiger 虎marsupial 有袋动物pouch 袋状物migrant bird 候鸟squirrel 松鼠校外生活房屋住宿pets not allowed 不许养宠物take property insurance 买财产保险blackout 停电emergency/fire gate 紧急出口lift/elevator 升降梯attic 阁楼twin room 双人间stereo system 音响water heater 热水器vacuum cleaner 吸尘器coffee maker 咖啡机refrigerator/fridge 冰箱bed linen 床上用品real estate agency 房屋中介property agency 房屋中介land lord/lady 房东on lease/for rent 出租deposit 订金、押金utilities 水电煤气等公共设施费incoming phone is free 打进电话免费noisy 吵闹的humid 潮湿的laundry room 洗衣房burglar 入室抢劫者electric cooker 电灶gas cooker 煤气灶cooker hood 抽油烟机cassette recorder 录音机fire place 壁炉electric heater 电暖气surroundings 环境rural areas 农村suburb 郊区downtown 市区semi-detached house 半独立式住宅detached house 独立式住宅terraced houses 排房flat/ apartment 公寓dormitory/ dorm 宿舍student hotel 学生旅馆youth hostel 青年招待所furnished 有家具的房子unfurnished 无家具的房子entrance hall (lobby, porch) 门厅balcony 阳台bed-sit 卧室兼起居室bedroom卧室living room/ lounge 起居室single room 单人间double bedroom/twin room 双人间(双人床/两张床)bathroom 浴室shower 淋浴kitchen 厨房shared kitchen 共用厨房garage 车库carpet 地毯rug 小地毯pillow case 枕套sheet 被单mattress 床垫spread床罩pillow 枕头cushion 软垫blanket 毯子towel 毛巾coffee table 茶几armchair 单人沙发sofa 沙发kettle 水壶stool 厨房高脚椅tap 水龙头sink 洗碗池cupboard 橱柜bath 浴缸toilet 马桶stove 炉子oven 烤箱dishwasher 洗碗机freezer 冷冻冰箱telephone 电话washing machine 洗衣机air-conditioner 空调central air-conditioning中央空调central heating 中央暖气系统electric fans 电扇microwave oven 微波炉electric stoves电炉radiator暖气rent/rental 房租rental price 租价no privacy 无隐私partially furnished 配备部分家具的residential number 住宅号码available 可入住的mobile phone 手机cellular phone 手机cordless phone 无绳电话satellite TV卫星电视cable TV 有线电视antenna 天线aerial 天线closed circuit TV 闭路电视lobby 大堂lift lobby 电梯间cellar酒窖client 客户tenant 房客home stay 住在当地人家host family 住在当地人家shared accommodation 合租university hall 学校宿舍hall of residence 学校宿舍accommodation 住宿maximum rent 最高房租minimum rent 最底房租suite 套房decorate 装饰ornament 美化shutter/blinder 百叶窗curtain 窗帘utensil 器皿旅游度假scuba-diving 深水潜水snorkeling 潜水glass-bottom boat 玻璃底船coral 珊瑚water skiing 划水white water rafting 漂流sunrise 日出sunset 日落jellyfish 水母/海蛰sun block/sun screen 防晒霜sun burnt 太阳晒伤tan 日晒后的颜色bathers 泳衣trunks 泳裤sunglasses 太阳镜beach towel 沙滩浴巾tent 帐篷picnic 野餐expedition 远征考察excursion 短程旅行get lost 迷路compass 指南针helmet 头盔torch/flash light 手电筒mosquito net 蚊帐insect 昆虫stinger 小咬repellent 驱虫剂hiking boots 登山靴socks 短袜irritation plants 刺激性的植物bungee jumping 蹦极rock climbing 攀岩hang gliding 滑翔parachuting 跳伞castle 城堡ancient temple 古庙cathedral 大教堂aquarium 水族馆botanical garden 植物园amusement park 游乐场organic farm 有机农场valley 峡谷waterfall 瀑布hot spring 温泉bush walking 灌木丛走resort 旅游胜地voyage 航行package tour 全包游coach 旅游轿车长途汽车off-road driving 越野four-wheel drive 四驱车caravan 房车express train 快车economy class 经济仓cottage 小别墅inn 客栈B&B 提供床铺和早餐的旅店cabin 小木屋itinerary 旅游行程great barrier reef 大堡礁Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院Uluru(Ayers Rock)红岩山Stonehenge 巨石镇go camping 宿营wild-life zoo 野生动物园safari park 能开车进去游览的野生动物园beach 海滩coast 海岸national park 国家公园charter flight 包机domestic animal 家畜sleeping bag 睡袋recreation office 娱乐办公室brochure 旅游介绍的小册子mountain bike 山地车pannier 筐backpack 双肩背包directory 目录snorer 大酣者reservation 预约schedule 时间表fare 票款vacant seat 空座extra charge 额外收费heritage 遗产commence the tour 开始旅行handicapped 残疾人wheel chair 轮椅exhibition 展览reproduction 复制品sculpture 雕塑diving gear 潜水设备rain forest 雨林leisure activity 休闲活动profile 轮廓vineyard 葡萄园lodge 旅馆visa extension 签证延期non-open time 非对外开放时间travel agency 旅行社flight number 航班号book the ticket 订票credit card 信用卡passport 护照driving license 驾照expire (驾照、护照等)过期check in 办理登机手续take off 起飞land 降落motel 汽车旅馆hostel 青年旅社museum 博物馆souvenir 纪念品art gallery 美术馆hiking 徒步旅行hitch-hike 搭便车旅行surfing 冲浪skiing 滑雪bag-packer 背包自助旅行的人platform 站台健康营养calories 卡路里calcium 钙sodium 钠fat 脂肪vitamin 维生素protein 蛋白质dietary fiber 食用性纤维nutrient 营养物质cereal 谷物amino acid 氨基酸metabolism 新陈代谢indigestion 消化不良tissue 组织healthy diet pyramid 健康饮食金字塔tennis 网球table tennis乒乓球polo 马球water polo 水球skiing 滑雪water skiing 划水gym 健身房体育馆yoga 瑜珈cycling 骑自行车jogging 慢跑weight training 力量性训练aerobics 有氧操stadium 体育场hi-tich fitness center 高科技健身中心squash 壁球cricket板球rugby 橄榄球golf 高尔夫球bowling 保龄billiard house 台球厅pool 落袋snooker 斯诺克hockey 曲棍球ice hockey 冰球skating 滑冰roller blade 单排轮滑badminton 羽毛球baseball 棒球softball 垒球beach volleyball 沙滩排球football 足球treadmill 跑步机track and field 田径tournament 联赛athlete 运动员referee 裁判coach 教练cheer leader 拉拉队长martial art 武术wrestling 摔交judo 柔道karate 空手道box 拳击canoeing 独木舟lung infection 肺部感染drowsiness 嗜睡的yellow fever 黄热病vaccine injection 疫苗注射chemist’s 药店pharmacy 药店drug store 药店optic examination 视力检查allergy 过敏leprosy 麻风病epidemic 流行病chronic 慢性病precaution 预防flu/influenza 流感ulcer 溃疡clinic 诊所hospital 医院first aid kit 急救箱first aid station 急救站patient 病人dentist 牙医dizzy 晕headache 头疼cough 咳嗽pulse 脉搏blood pressure 血压symptom 症状sore throat 嗓子疼stuffed nose 鼻子堵running nose 流鼻涕surgeon 外科医生prescription 处方penicillin 青霉素aspirin 阿司匹林antibiotics 抗生素ward 病房life expectancy 估计寿命hay fever 花粉热pill 药丸tablet 药片herb 草药capsule 胶囊ointment 药膏lozenge 含片syrup 糖浆drop 滴剂food poison 食物中毒remedy 治疗法check up 体检insomnia 失眠arthritis 关节炎fatigue 疲劳twist 扭伤sprain 扭伤swell 肿胀bruise 瘀伤sneeze 打喷嚏hiccup 打嗝diarrhoea 拉肚子therapy 治疗diagnosis 诊断dosage 剂量配药学生银行cash 现金currency 流通货币bill/note 纸币coin 硬币cheque 支票chequebook 支票本traveller’s cheque 旅行支票credit card 信用卡Master Card万事达卡Visa Card维萨卡American Express Card美国运通卡account 帐户PIN 银行密码activate 击活deposit 存withdraw取bank statement 银行对帐单interest rate 利率ATM 自动取款机overdraft 透支mortgage 抵押贷款net 净利gross 总额bonus 奖金interest 利息branch 分支eligible 合格的individual circumstances 个人情况documentation 文件special concession 特殊优惠money order 汇票loan 贷款transfer 转帐用餐饮食common room 师生公用的休息室canteen 食堂dining hall 餐厅refectory 食堂buffet 自助餐barbecue 烧烤snack bar 零食店candy bar 糖果店vending machine 自动售货机spicy/hot 辣chilli 辣椒sweet 甜sour 酸bitter 苦salty 咸no cheese product 非奶酪制品no red meat 不吃红肉garden salad 蔬菜沙拉fish & chips 炸鱼派和土豆条snack 零食refreshment 零食pork 猪肉steak 牛排sandwich 三明治appetizer 开胃菜main course 主菜dessert 甜点beverage 饮料vegetarian 素食的sea food 海鲜take-away 外卖drive-in 免下车路边餐馆pub 酒馆客栈instant coffee 速溶咖啡espresso蒸馏咖啡cappuccino 热牛奶咖啡brewed coffee 煮好的咖啡mineral water 矿泉水wine 葡萄酒black tea 红茶skimmed milk 脱脂牛奶yogurt 酸奶curry 咖喱ginger 姜ketchup 调味番茄酱vinegar 醋toast吐司soup 汤dough 生面团aubergine 茄子egg plant 茄子broccoli 西兰花cauliflower 菜花celery 芹菜rape 油菜spinach 菠菜cucumber 黄瓜mushroom 蘑菇pumpkin 南瓜lettuce 生菜asparagus 芦笋lentil 扁豆pea 豌豆文艺演出circus 马戏acrobat/acrobatic 杂技演员/杂技magic/trick 魔术juggle 手技ballet 芭蕾mime 哑剧comedy 喜剧seven-screen cinema 能反映七部电影的电影院guitar 吉他comedian 喜剧演员puppet 木偶trapeze 秋千release 发行blockbuster 大片folk song 民歌classic music 古典音乐documentary 记录片thriller 惊竦片人物描述over-weight 胖sturdy 壮stout 结实的stocky 结实的solid 壮实的chubby 圆胖的plump丰满的medium-built 中等身材的slender 苗条的lean 瘦blonde 金发的fair 黄发的curly 卷发的straight 直发的beard 下巴上的胡子moustache 嘴巴上的胡子clean-shaven胡子刮得很干净bald 谢顶的wig 假发dye 染发spectacles 眼镜contact lenses 隐型眼镜hat 礼帽cap 棒球帽umbrella 伞cane/stick 拐杖dimple 酒窝pimple 青春痘freckle 雀斑wrinkle 皱纹chin 下巴cheek 面颊forehead 前额blouse 女士衬衫beauty spot 美人痣scar疤痕short hair 短发long hair 长发tall/ high高short 矮thin瘦的average height 平均高度wear/ be in tie 戴领带bow tie 领结T-shirt T 恤衫pullover 套头毛衣sweater 套头衫/ 运动衫suit 西服/ 套装jumper 套头外衣trousers 裤子jeans 牛仔裤sandal 凉鞋jewelry珠宝laughter line 笑纹thick eyebrows 浓眉long eyelashes 长睫毛high lined forehead 大脑门small chin 小下巴high cheek bones 高颧骨full lips 后嘴唇turn-up nose 翘鼻double chin 双下巴crew cut 平头short spiky hair 寸头formal clothes 正装casual clothes 休闲服polo shirt 马球衫loose clothes 宽松服装tight clothes 紧身服装pony tail 马尾辫plait 编辫pig tail 小编辫wear。

成人高等教育学士学位英语教程及考试指南

成人高等教育学士学位英语教程及考试指南

成人高等教育学士学位英语教程及考试指南Adult Higher Education Bachelor's Degree English Tutorial and Exam Guide。

Introduction:In today's competitive job market, obtaining a bachelor's degree has become increasingly important for individuals seeking career advancement and personal growth. This document serves as a comprehensive guide for adult learners pursuing a bachelor's degree in English, providing valuable insights into the curriculum and examination requirements.1. Program Overview:The Adult Higher Education Bachelor's Degree in English aims to equip students with a strong foundation in language, literature, and critical thinking skills. The program combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications, enabling students to become proficient in written and spoken English.2. Curriculum Structure:The curriculum is designed to provide a well-rounded education in English language and literature. It consists of core courses, elective courses, and a final project or thesis. The core courses cover areas such as English grammar, composition, literature, linguistics, and communication skills. Elective courses allow students to specialize in areas of interest, such as creative writing, literary analysis, or English for specific purposes.3. Teaching Methods:The program employs a variety of teaching methods to cater to the diverse learning needs of adult students. These include lectures, group discussions, case studies, presentations, and hands-on activities. The use of multimedia resources and technology-enhanced learning platforms further enhances the learning experience.4. Assessment and Examination:To evaluate students' understanding and mastery of the subject matter, assessments and examinations are conducted throughout the program. These may include written assignments, quizzes, presentations, research papers, and final examinations. Continuous assessment ensures that students are actively engaged in their learning and encourages regular participation.5. Study Resources:To support students' learning, a range of study resources is made available. These include textbooks, online learning materials, academic journals, reference books, and access to digital libraries. Additionally, students are encouraged to participate in study groups, attend workshops, and utilize online forums to enhance their understanding and exchange ideas with peers.6. Examination Preparation:Preparing for examinations is a crucial aspect of the program. To assist students in their exam preparation, the university provides study guides, past exam papers, and mock tests. Students are also encouraged to seek guidance from faculty members and engage in self-directed study to consolidate their knowledge and skills.7. Career Prospects:Upon completion of the Adult Higher Education Bachelor's Degree in English, graduates can pursue a wide range of career opportunities. These include positions in education, publishing, journalism, public relations, content writing, and language services. The program equips students with transferable skills such as critical thinking, communication, and analytical abilities, which are highly valued in today's job market.Conclusion:The Adult Higher Education Bachelor's Degree in English offers a comprehensive and flexible learning experience for adult learners. By providing a solid foundation in English language and literature, the program prepares students for successful careers andlifelong learning. With a strong emphasis on practical skills and theoretical knowledge, graduates are well-equipped to meet the challenges of the professional world.。

ASE 2143 Level 2 英语语音对话实践测试指导书说明书

ASE 2143 Level 2 英语语音对话实践测试指导书说明书

Information Sheet for Test FacilitatorEnglish for TourismSpeaking TestLEVEL 2Instruction sheet for Test FacilitatorPart 1 - Topic DiscussionWarm up 2 minutesPreparation 5 minutesTopic Discussion 6 minutes_________Total 13 minutesStart the topic discussion with 2 minutes of warm up conversation. Introduce yourself and then ask the candidate some basic questions such as their name, date of birth, where they are from, their job or what they are studying, and what ambitions they have for the future, etc.The candidate should then be given the topic sheet to study for 5 minutes in preparation for the topic discussion. The questions that follow the topic title are given to the candidate at the preparation stage to assist initial reactions and to provide a framework for the 6 minute topic discussion. However, the candidate may range beyond these ideas and this should be allowed, providing the theme is maintained.After the 5 minute preparation stage, you should initiate the topic discussion. You do not need to ask the candidate all of the questions in the course of one interview, and can ask other questions that are relevant, in the way that would happen in a normal conversation. However, you should ensure that the conversation remains on the topic.Part 2 - Role-PlayPreparation 4 minutesRole- plays 6 minutes_________Total 10 minutesExplain the role-play procedure and then give the candidate the cue card to study for 4 minutes. Check that the candidate understands the instructions and then ask the candidate to begin.Total Test Duration 23 minutesNOTE: All speaking test materials must be returned to EDIENGLISH FOR TOURISMSPEAKING TESTPart 1 – Topic discussionTOPIC SHEET (Candidate Copy)Instructions to the candidateYou have 5 minutes to prepare for your examination. The subject matter is given in the topic below. You have to discuss this topic with the Test Facilitator and you will be expected to do most of the talking.To help you in putting your ideas together, the topic is followed by some questions and suggestions for the basis of your conversation. However, you may introduce other ideas providing they are on the topic. You may keep this paper to help you during the examination. Return it to the Test Facilitator at the end of the examination. Do not make any written notes during this preparation time.The Topic: BUSINESS TRAVEL1 Suggest some reasons why people travel for business purposes.▪Although business communication can be made by email and by telephone, there are many reasons why the modern business executive has to travel in connectionwith their work or profession.2Explain some of the differences between the leisure traveller and the business traveller.▪Think about who pays for the trip, when business trips take place, the duration, the kind of destination, the amount of time in advance needed to plan the trip.3 Consider the different requirements and the similarities of the business and theleisure traveller.▪Suggest the sort of facilities and amenities needed for the modern day business traveller and compare this to the requirements of the leisure traveller.▪Also discuss the facilities that may be wanted by both types of travellers.4 Discuss how travel arrangements are organised for the business person.▪Some large organisations have their own travel departments who plan and provide the travel documentation. Other organisations may use the services of thebusiness travel department of travel agencies. Do you think that special training isrequired? Is it necessary for a business travel agent to have visited many countriesor so that they can advise clients about different travel destinations and thebusiness culture of the country?5 Consider job roles of a business travel agent and the personal qualities and skillsrequired.▪For a person travelling to an important business meeting or conference, it is essential that the trip is well organised and that facilities are selected that are bothefficient, cost effective and create the correct image to impress their clients or otherorganisations. Travel plans that go wrong could cause great problems for thebusiness traveller. Suggest the most important functions of this role and thequalities and skills that a good business travel agent should have.TOPIC SHEET (Test Facilitator’s Copy)The Topic: BUSINESS TRAVEL1 Suggest some reasons why people travel for business purposes.▪Although business communication can be made by email and by telephone, there are many reasons why the modern business executive has to travel in connectionwith their work or profession.2Explain some of the differences between the leisure traveller and the business traveller.▪Think about who pays for the trip, when business trips take place, the duration, the kind of destination, the amount of time in advance needed to plan the trip.3 Consider the different requirements and the similarities of the business and theleisure traveller.▪Suggest the sort of facilities and amenities needed for the modern day business traveller and compare this to the requirements of the leisure traveller.▪Also discuss the facilities that may be wanted by both types of travellers.4 Discuss how travel arrangements are organised for the business person.▪Some large organisations have their own travel departments who plan and provide the travel documentation. Other organisations may use the services of thebusiness travel department of travel agencies. Do you think that special training isrequired? Is it necessary for a business travel agent to have visited many countriesso that they can advise clients about different travel destinations and the businessculture of the country?5 Consider job roles of a business travel agent and the personal qualities and skillsrequired.▪For a person travelling to an important business meeting or conference, it is essential that the trip is well organised and that facilities are selected that are bothefficient, cost effective and create the correct image to impress their clients or otherorganisations. Travel plans that go wrong could cause great problems for thebusiness traveller. Suggest the most important functions of this role and thequalities and skills that a good business travel agent should have.Background notes for Test Facilitator:1 Suggest the reasons why people travel for business purposes.▪The purpose could be a meeting with colleagues of the same international company, an organisation representing people and companies of the sameprofession, a meeting with a client or customer. The business traveller could alsobe attending a conference or exhibition to learn about new products, update skillsand knowledge in a specific field. They could be looking for new businessopportunities.2Explain some of the differences between the leisure traveller and the business traveller.▪The business traveller will not have a choice of destination and may need to be in a specific location at a specific date and time regardless of the cost (e.g. to attend aconference). Travel destinations will usually be city centres and industrialised oremerging countries.▪Business trips often avoid holiday periods such as July and August, and religious festivals, and take place Monday to Friday. The business person cannot normallydetermine the duration of the trip. The travel costs and expenses will usually bepaid for by the employer or organisation.▪The leisure traveller can be more flexible and will select their destination, the duration of the trip, the type of accommodation and transportation that they canafford and for which they will pay for personally. Destinations may includeinteresting cities, seaside resorts, mountain or countryside locations for relaxation,special interests and hobbies or sporting activities. They may also be visitingfriends and relatives.3. Consider the different requirements and the similarities of the business and theleisure traveller.▪Business travellers often require accommodation which will provide a working area and business facilities such as internet access. 3 to 5 star hotels are the mostpopular choice. They will choose accommodation that is comfortable, efficient, andis in proximity to the purpose of their trip e.g. meeting, conference, exhibition etc.They may also require the accommodation to be located where there are goodtransportation links to airports, railway stations, etc.▪The leisure tourist may choose hotel accommodation across the complete range from budget to luxury or opt for self catering. They may be happy to travelconsiderable distances from airport or station to their chosen holiday destinationand will select from a wide choice of facilities.▪However,business travellers may overlap with leisure tourists for some of their desired requirements and choose accommodation or a location with some leisurefacilities such as a gym, sports facilities, evening entertainment, restaurants,sightseeing, etc.4 Discuss how the travel is organised for the business person.▪Large organisations often have their own travel departments who plan and provide documentation, the necessary travel, information on visas, currency, destinationinformation, local travel information, advice on health and the business culture ofthe country to be visited.▪It is quite common for these organisations to agree contracts with airlines, etc. to reduce the costs of business travel for their employees. Other companies andorganisations may use the services of the business travel department of specialisedtravel agencies, who quite often are able to offer similar advantages and services.5 Consider the job roles of a business travel agent and the personal qualities andskills required.▪Special training is required to understand the needs of the business traveller. Most travel organisers have already received general training in booking elements oftravel, checking on important additional information including visas and healthrequirements for the destination and providing appropriate documentation. Trainingmay have included travel geography and navigating sources of information(manuals, guides, computerised travel systems and the internet)▪It is essential that a trips are well organised and that selected facilities are efficient, cost effective and create the correct image to impress their clients or otherorganisations.▪For the business traveller, getting to an important meeting on time and having the facilities they require can be essential to their business. Therefore the specialisedtravel advisor can offer a very important function when buying these products.▪It is most important to be very well organised, to have good inter-personal skills and an unders tanding of their clients’ needs together with the ability to negotiate andcost accurately. The business travel advisor must be able to offer a comprehensiveknowledge of the travel industry and the way it works.Part 2 – Role Play (Candidate Copy)AT THE BUSINESS TRAVEL DEPARTMENTInstructionsTest Facilitator to:▪explain the procedure (the candidate is the person working as a business travel agent and the test facilitator is the client)▪give the candidate the Cue Card to study for 4 minutes (the candidate may keep hold of the cue card for the duration of the test)▪check that the candidate understands the key vocabulary and instructions▪initiate and guide the dialogue using the cue card and guided dialogue for reference Candidate to:▪study the Cue Card for 4 minutes▪respond to the test facilitator as indicated on the Cue CardPart 2 – Role Play (Test Facilitator’s Copy)InstructionsTest Facilitator to:▪ explain the procedure (the candidate is the person working as a business travel agentand the test facilitator is the client ▪give the candidate the Cue Card to study for 4 minutes (the candidate may keep hold ofthe cue card for the duration of the test)▪ check that the candidate understands the key vocabulary and instructions▪ initiate and guide the dialogue using the cue card and guided dialogue for referenceCandidate to:▪ study the Cue Card for 4 minutes▪ respond to the Test Facilitator as indicated on the Cue CardGuided Dialogue (for test facilitators reference)C Good morning/afternoon. I am (name) thank you for coming in to see me.TF Good morning/afternoon. As we discussed on the phone, I have a rather complicated series of meetings to attend and hope that you can help me to plan all the travelarrangements.C Of course. Can you give me some details?TF I have three meetings in the Far East. 2 of the meetings are in China and one is in Thailand.C Do you have dates yet?TF Yes, the first meetings will be in China. Beijing on the 14th to 16th April and then I travel on to Shanghai for the second meeting on the 20th April. Finally, I need to be in Bangkok for the 24th April. My company has agreed that I can take 2 extra nights at the end for some relaxation before flying back.C I assume you want to stay in good hotels?TF Yes, 4 or 5 star hotel accommodation. I need plenty of space to work on my computer and for the sample products I will have with me.C I’ve noted everything. Now do you have a preference for which airline you fly with?TF I prefer British Airways for the long-haul flights but I don’t mind which airline I use for the internal flight or the flight between China and Thailand, as long as there are no very early morning flights.C Have you had injections for travel in the Far East?TF I think I have had everything I need but I would be grateful if you would double check on the requirements for me. I do need advice on visa requirements?If you have any information or hints on doing business in China, I would also be verypleased to have this. I don’t want to make any embarrassing mistakes.C I have noted all your requirements and will prepare a suggested itinerary and breakdownof costs for you, together with health and visa requirements and hints on business culture in China.TF Please call me when they are ready.C Of course, thank you for coming in to see me.。

Study Guide - Test 1 (Chapter 1-6)-推荐下载

Study Guide - Test 1  (Chapter 1-6)-推荐下载

NTRS 317 Test # 1 (Chapter 1-6)Chapter 11.Features of a chronic or acute disease.∙Chronic disease: disease characterized by a slow progression and long duration. Eg. Heart disease, diabetes, cancer -Arises from multiple factors over many years-Leading causes of death-Risks factorsPresence or absence in relation to disease: personal behavior (smoking etc) can be changed, genes, gender, age play role in development of chronic diseasesTend to persist over time: high blood pressure when young, persist to adulthood, early intervention is effectiveTend to cluster: combining factors (obese, inactive, high blood pressure – heart disease)∙Acute disease: doesn’t slowly progress2.Reasons people choose the foods they eat?∙Personal preference-Social or behavioral motives (eat more in party than alone)-TasteSweet and saltyGenetics: affect taste perceptions∙Habit: eating similar good, not need to make decision∙Ethnic heritage or tradition: eat wt they grew up with∙Social interactions: social event, enjoy companionship∙Availability, convenience, and economy-Benefits of home-cooked meals: eat less fast food, able to meet dietary guidelines∙Positive and negative associations: tend to eat food associated with happy occasions (cake, hot dog)∙Emotions: may easily lead to overeating & obesity-Boredom, depression, anxiety-Stress∙Values-Religious beliefs, political views, environmental concerns∙Body weight and image: to improve physical image∙Nutrition and health benefits-Functional foods3.Know definition of a functional food.∙Food that contain physiologically active compounds that provide health benefits beyond their nutrient contribution; sometimes called designer foods or nutraceuticals∙Fortified orange juice with Ca4.Know which foods are included in the six classes of nutrients.-Carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins (organic)-Minerals, water (inorganic)5.Know definition of organic compounds and examples∙Substance or molecule that contain C-C bonds or C-H bond.6.Know kcal/gram of different nutrients.∙Carbohydrate: 4 kcal/g∙Protein = 4 kcal/g∙Fat = 9 kcal/g∙Alcohol = 7 kcal/g7.Characteristics of vitamins and minerals.∙Vitamins: organic, essential nutrients required in small amt by body for health-Thirteen organic vitaminsWater-soluble vitamins: B & CFat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K-Facilitate energy releaseAlmost every bodily action requires assistance from vitamins-Vulnerable to destruction: since complex structure, heat, light, chemicals can destroy them∙Minerals: inorganic, essential nutrients required in small amt for health-Do not yield energy-Sixteen essential minerals-IndestructibleCauses of mineral losses from foods, since bound to other substances, cooking, food-refining8.Pros and cons of different types of research.9.Know the different terms for the DRIs (EARs, ULs, RDAs, AIs.∙Estimated Average Requirements (EAR): based on age and gender-Average amount sufficient for half of population∙Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA): set righter than EAR (need a EAR to determine)-Recommendations to meet needs of most healthy people; a goal for dietary intake by individualsAbout 98% of population∙Adequate Intakes (AI): scientific judegement-Insufficient scientific evidence-AI value set instead of RDA-Expected to exceed average requirements∙Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)-Point where nutrient is likely to be toxic-Helps protect against overconsumption10.Know AMDRs for carbs, fats and proteins.∙45-65% kcalories from carbohydrate∙20-35% kcalories from fat∙10-35% kcalories from protein11.Difference between primary and secondary nutrition deficiency.∙Primary deficiency: nutrient deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake of a nutrient (Diet history)∙Secondary deficiency: nutrient deficiency caused by sth other than an inadequate intake such as a disease condition or drug interaction that reduces absorption, accelerates use, hastens excretion, or destroys the nutrient (Health history)12.Leading causes of death in U.S. and relationship to diet∙Heart disease: smoking, eating high saturated fat diet, physically inactive, obese, high blood pressure13.Biggest factor that contributes to death in the U.S.∙Tobacco, poor diet/ inactivity, alcoholChapter 21.What is nutrient density?∙Nutrient density-The most nutrients for the fewest calories- A measure of nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides. The more nutrients and the fewer kcalories, the higher the nutrient density2.Dietary Guidelines for Americans∙Dietary Guidelines for Americans-Science-based advice-Promote health and reduce chronic diseases-Nine areas of recommendation, coveringDietPhysical activityBalance food you eat with physical activity3.How are ingredients listed on the food label?∙Ingredient list-Listing of all ingredients-Descending order of predominance by weight4.Food label: serving size, total calories∙Serving sizes-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) role-Adjust calculations according to amount consumed. Eg serving size is 4, eat 2, divide kcal by 2, if eat 8, multiply kcal by 2-Sizes listed vs. USDA Food Guide sizes: create confusion5.What is the Percent Daily Value useful for on the food label?∙Daily Values: % of a Daily value recommendation found in specified serving of food for key nutrients based on a 2000-kcal diet -Expressed as percentage-Relationship to health-“Ballpark” estimate of contribution to total diet-Based on 2000 kcalories per day-Help consumers see whether food contributes little or a lot of a nutrient, easy to compare food6.Health vs structure-function claims∙Health claims: statement characterized the relationship b/w a nutrient or other substance in a food & a disease or health-related condition-Need for scientific evidence-FDA report card∙Structure-function claims: statements that characterized relationship b/w a nutrient or other substance in a food and its role in body -Made without FDA approval-Don’t mention disease or symptomChapter 31.Steps of digestion – where it starts and how it ends!∙Mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum → anus2.Role of epiglottis∙Cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid or food from entering it when a person swallows 3.Know the different sphincters and their roles∙Sphincter contractions-Periodically open and close-Control pace of GI tract contents∙Esophageal sphincters: allow passage from mouth to esophagus & from esophagus to stomach; prevent backflow from stomach to esophagus & from esophagus to mouth∙Pyloric sphincter: allows passage from stomach to SI; prevent backflow from SI∙lleocecal valve: allows passage from small to large intestine; prevent backflow from large interestine4.Enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing the macronutrients (page 74)∙Saliva: salivary gland to mouth-Moisten food for easy passage-Protective role-Carbohydrate digestion∙Gastric juice: gastric gland to stomach-Protein digestion: mixture of H2O, enzyme (break down protein), & HCl (uncoil protein)-Mucus: secreted by cells to protect tissue in stomach-pH units: acidic∙Pancreatic juice: pancreas to SI-Released via ducts into duodenum-Enzymes act on all three energy nutrients (carbohydrates, Fat, Protein)-Sodium bicarbonate: neutralizes acidic gastric juices-Bile: not an enzyme but an emulsifier for fatLiver: produce bileGallbladder: store bile5.What is HCL and what does it do?∙HCl: acid composed of H & Cl atoms that is normally produced by gastric glands∙Acts primarily in protein digestion∙Prevent bacterial growth & kill bacteria in the food6.What is bile and what does it do?∙Emulsifier that prepares fats & oils for digestion; an exocrine secretion made by liver; stored in gallbladder, release in SI when needed∙Bring fats into suspension in water so that enzymes can break them down into component parts7.What is the gallbladder and what does it do?∙Organ that stores & concentrate bile. When it receives signal that fat is present in duodenum, it contracts & qauirts bile through the bile duct into duodenum8.During absorption, where do the nutrients go first? Do any nutrients NOT go through this organ?∙Carbohydrates, protein, fat are absorbed in the SI. Fiber do not go through SI; they are excreted out9.Understand lymphatic system – where nutrients go and which ones go∙Lymphatic system: loosely organized system of vessels & ducts that convey fluids toward the theart. GI part of lymphatic system carries products of fat digestion into the bloodstream-Larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins: insoluble in water-Chylomicrons: products of fat digestion cluster with special protein-Bypass liver at first10.What is cholecystokinin and what does it do?∙ A hormone produced by cells of the intestinal wall.∙Responded to fat or protein in SI∙Target organ: gallbladder, pancreas∙Bile secreted into duodenum by gallbladder∙Pancreas secretes bicarbonate- and enzyme- rich juice∙Response: release bile & slowing GI motility11.What are pepsin and secretin?∙Pepsin∙Secretin-Hormone produced by cells in duodenum wall-Responded to acidic chime in SI-Target organ: pancreas-Secreting bicarbonate-rich juice to SIChapter 4 for blood sugar∙Glucose2.Characteristics and composition of glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose, lactose, maltose∙Called simple carbohydrates∙Monosaccharides – three kinds, single sugars-Same numbers and kinds of atoms-Differing sweetnessa.Glucose – dextrose/blood sugarHexagonPart of every disaccharideEssential energy sourceBlood sugarb.Fructose – fruit sugarSweetest of the sugarsPentagonOccurs naturally in fruits and honeyc.GalactoseOnly in a few foods. Eg. MilkHexagon∙Disaccharides-Pairs of three monosaccharidesa.Maltose – two glucose unitsProduced after breaking down of starchFermentation process that yields alcoholMinor constituent of a few foods, barleyb.Sucrose – glucose and fructoseTable sugarctose – galactose and glucoseMilk sugar3.Know what condensation and hydrolysis are∙Condensation-Links two monosaccharides together-Chemical reaction in which water is released as two reactants combine to form one large product-Release H2O, disaccharides link together with O.∙Hydrolysis-Breaks a disaccharide in two, using water4.Know what glycogen is, where it is stored, and how long it lasts when exercising∙Glycogen: polysaccharides, found limited in meats, highly branched-Storage form of energy in the body-Liver, muscles-Glucose units-Body only stores enough glycogen for short period of time-< 1 day - rest- A few hours - exercise5.Examples of fibers, characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble fibers∙Fibers (Nonstarch polysaccharides): vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, can’t broken down by digestive enzymes -Soluble fibersForm gels (viscous), fermentable by colon bacteriaLower blood cholesterol and glucose levelsOats, barley, legumes, and citrus fruits-Insoluble fibersNon-viscous, less readily fermentedAlleviate constipation, promote bowel mov’t, prevent diverticular diseaseWhole grain (bran) and vegetable6.Absorption site of carbs and primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates∙Mouth-Amylase: carbohydrase, hydrolyze amylase, breaks down carbohydrates-Glucose can be absorbed to some extent∙Small intestine – main place for carb absorption-Pancreatic amylase-Specific disaccharide enzymesMaltaseSucraseLactase-Active transport: glucose, galactose-Facilitated diffusion: fructose, slow entry, small rise in blood glucose-Unbranched chain digest slowly than branched (more place of enzyme to attack, release glucose rapidly)-To liver, fructose & galactose converted to same metabolic pathway as glucose-Glucose to cells7.Symptoms of lactose intolerance∙Condition that results from inability to digest the milk sugar lactose; characterized by bloating, gas, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, since lactose become food for intestinal bacteria, which multiply & producing irritating acid & gas8.Function of insulin∙Insulin-Glucose from blood into cells-Hormone secreted by special cells in the pancreas in response to increased blood glucose concentration.-Control the transport of glucose from bloodstream into muscle and fat cellsChapter 51.What are triglycerides and how prevalent are they in food and in our bodies?∙Triglycerides: glycerol and 3 fatty acids-Chief form of fat in diet, major storage form of fat in body-Glycerol backbone-Three fatty acids-Formed via series of condensation reactions-Usually contain mixture of fatty acids2.Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats.∙Saturated – full of hydrogens∙Unsaturated – missing hydrogens3.Characteristics of the different types of fats (how soon they become rancid, liquid or solid at room temperature)∙Degree of unsaturation-Firmness-Polyunsaturated fats – liquid at room temp.-Saturated fats – solid at room temp.-↑ length of carbon chain ↑ firmness, more solid-Stability-Oxidation and spoilage of fats-Saturated > monounsaturated > polyunsaturated4.Characteristics of hydrogenated oils∙Hydrogenations = adding hydrogen to points of unsaturation, reduce double bond-Advantages1.Protects against oxidation, increase shelf life2.Alters texture5.Function of emulsifiers in fat digestion∙To mix fat in water, keep fats suspended in blood & body fluid. Eg phospholipids6.What are phospholipids?∙Phospholipids: hv 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acid, phosphate group & choline in place of one of fatty acids-Solubility in fat (fatty acid side) and water (phosphate group)-Lecithin-Emulsifiers in food industryMayonnaise and candy bars-Food sourcesEggs, liver, soybeans, wheat germ, peanuts-RolesPart of cell membranesHelp fat-soluble substance (vitamins, hormones) pass easily in & out of cells.Emulsifiers :Keep fats suspended in blood and body fluids7.What is cholesterol and which foods contain it? What is it a precursor for?∙One of the sterols containing a 4-ring carbon structure with any of a variety of side chains attached∙Meats, eggs, fish, poultry, dairy products∙Make bile acid, steroid hormones (testosterone, androgens, estrogens, progesterones, cortisol, cortisone aldosterone, vitamin D) 8.What is bile, what does it do and where is it stored?∙An emulsifier that prepares fats and oils for digestion; an exocrine secretion made by the liver, stored in gallbladder, release into SI when needed9.Know how fat is absorbed (micelles)∙Lymphatic system for large molecules: monoglycerides, long-chain fatty acids-Micelles (spherical complexes of emulsified fat, bile salts, fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol), permits solubility in H2O -Diffuse into intestinal cells-Reassembly of triglycerides-Packed with proteins – chylomicrons (lipoproteins transported lipids)-Enter lymph, to bloodstream-Bypass liver at first10.What are dietary recommendations to control cholesterol?∙DRI and Dietary Guidelines-Diet low in saturated and trans fat-Diet low in cholesterol-20 to 35 percent of daily energy from fat11.Know cholesterol and triglyceride values a person should have to be healthy.∙Total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL∙LDL cholesterol: <100 mg/dL∙HDL cholesterol: ≥60 mg/dL∙Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL12.Know foods to eat to reduce cholesterol∙Use soy protein, free-range meats from grass-fed, fat-free/ low-fat milk, fermented milk products (yogurt), vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, dietary soluble fibers13.Types of lipoproteins and their association with heart disease∙ 4 main types of lipoproteins (transport vehicle)-ChylomicronsLargest and least denseTransport diet-derived lipids from SI to body in lymph systemLiver removes remnants from blood, dismantle & use/ recycle-Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) : mostly triglyceridesMade in the liverLipids made in liver, chylomicron remnants packaged with proteins as VLDLProportion of lipid shift, since lose triglycerides, cholesterol becomes predominant, density increase -Low-density lipoproteins (LDL): mostly cholesterolLiver regulation, remove LDL from circulationAvailable to muscles, fat stores, mammary glands or return to liver-High-density lipoproteins (HDL): mostly proteinMade by liverRemove cholesterol from cellsCarry cholesterol to liver for recyclingAnti-inflammatory properties, prevent plaque breaks, causing heart attackChapter 61.Chemical composition of proteins∙Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes also contain sulfur2.Essential versus nonessential amino acids (know the definition, not each amino acid); know what happens if essential aa is missing inthe diet∙Essential amino acids-Amino acids that the body can’t synthesize in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs∙Nonessential amino acids-Amino acids that body can synthesize-Nitrogen form amino group, fragment of carbohydrate or fat form rest of structure-Conditionally essential: must be supplied in the diet when need > supply3.Function of hydrochloric acid in stomach∙Hydrochloric acid uncoil, denatures proteins, activate pepsinogen to pepsin4.What is denaturation?∙Disruption of stability∙Uncoil and lose shape∙Lose function, maybe irreversible∙Stomach acid, heat, agitation, base, alcohol, heavy metals, other agents5.Know what pepsin is and where is operates.∙Stomach-Pepsinogen to pepsin- A gastric enzyme that hydrolyzes protein.-Activated by HCl6.Know the roles of protein in the body (buffering to maintain pH balance, transporters, for sight, formation of antibodies, etc)∙Growth and maintenance-Building blocks for most body structures (muscles, blookd, skin, hair, fingernail, most body structure)Collagen – protein from which connective tissues, such as scars, tendons, ligaments, and foundations of bones and teeth are made-Replacement of dead or damaged cells∙Enzymes-Break down, build up, and transform substances-They don’t change shape, facilitate reactions quickly & efficiently∙Hormones-Messenger molecules, some are protein-Transported in blood to target tissues, to restore, maintain normal condition- E.g., insulin∙Regulators of fluid balance-Protein – primarily within cell and in plasma, can’t cross the blood vessel wall-During critical illness or protein malnutrition – plasma protein (blood vessels) into tissues-Edema: attract fluid, causing swelling in tissues∙Acid-base regulators-Attract and release hydrogen ions, prevent acidosis, alkalosis∙Transporters – specificity∙Antibodies-Defend body against disease-Specificity : one antibody for a particular antigenImmunity – memory∙Energy and glucose-Use protein to provide energy during starvation and insufficient carbohydrate intake ∙Other roles-Blood clotting, vision7.Know what positive and negative nitrogen balance are and nitrogen equilibrium.∙-ve: consumer > intake∙+ve: consumer < intake8.Know about blood urea and where this occurs.∙Converting ammonia to urea-Liver – ammonia and carbon dioxide-Dietary protein ↑, urea ↑9.Know relationship between homocysteine and disease.∙Homocysteine levels ↑ due to smoking & drinking, inadequate intakes of B vitamins etc.-↑ heart diseases, inflammation, oxidative stress,10.Relationship between calcium excretion and animal-protein intake.∙High-protein diets-OsteoporosisCalcium excretion increasesIdeal ratio has not been determined11.Protein turnover∙Protein turnover & amino acid pool-Degradation & synthesis of protein-Continual production and destruction-Amino acid pool pattern is fairly constantUsed for protein productionUsed for energy – if stripped of nitrogen12.RDA for protein for adults∙10 to 35% of energy intake∙Adults = 0.8 grams / kg of body weight / dayi.Groups with higher recommended intakesii.AssumptionsThe protein RDA for a healthy adult who weighs 180 pounds is:180 pound x (1 kg/2.2 lbs)~81.2 kg x (0.8 grams / kg of body weight / day)~ 65 grams/day13.Phenylketonuria∙Rare condition in which an individual lacks the ability to properly break down phenylalanine (amino acid)。

全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语二自学教程

全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语二自学教程

全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语二自学教程Here is a 641-word English essay on the topic of "National Higher Education Self-Examination Designated Textbook English Self-Study Tutorial":The National Higher Education Self-Examination offers a valuable opportunity for individuals to further their education and expand their knowledge without the constraints of traditional classroom settings. The designated textbook English Self-Study Tutorial provides a comprehensive and accessible resource for those seeking to improve their English language proficiency through self-directed learning.One of the key advantages of the National Higher Education Self-Examination is its flexibility. The self-study format allows students to learn at their own pace and on their own schedule, accommodating the diverse needs and responsibilities of adult learners. This autonomy empowers individuals to tailor their learning experience to their unique strengths, weaknesses, and learning preferences, ultimately leading to more effective and efficient progress.The English Self-Study Tutorial included in the designated textbook material is a meticulously crafted resource that covers a wide range of essential English language skills. From grammar and vocabulary to reading comprehension and written expression, the tutorial offers a structured and systematic approach to language acquisition. The clear and concise explanations, coupled with ample practice exercises, enable students to build a solid foundation in English while also developing the confidence to apply their newfound knowledge in real-world situations.One particularly noteworthy aspect of the English Self-Study Tutorial is its emphasis on practical application. Rather than simply focusing on theoretical knowledge, the tutorial incorporates activities and scenarios that simulate real-life communication scenarios. This approach not only reinforces the learned material but also helps students develop the ability to think critically and adapt their language skills to various contexts.Another significant advantage of the National Higher Education Self-Examination and its designated English Self-Study Tutorial is the sense of empowerment it instills in learners. By taking charge of their own educational journey, students cultivate a greater sense of responsibility, self-discipline, and problem-solving skills. This self-directed learning model encourages individuals to become activeparticipants in their own growth, fostering a sense of ownership and pride in their achievements.Furthermore, the National Higher Education Self-Examination and its associated resources offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional university programs. For many individuals, the financial burden of higher education can be a significant barrier to accessing quality learning opportunities. The self-study format of the National Higher Education Self-Examination and the English Self-Study Tutorial provide a more affordable and accessible path to educational advancement, making it a viable option for those with limited financial resources.In addition to the financial benefits, the National Higher Education Self-Examination and the English Self-Study Tutorial also offer opportunities for personal and professional development. Improved English language proficiency can open doors to a wide range of career prospects, enhancing an individual's marketability and earning potential. Moreover, the self-discipline and independent learning skills acquired through the self-study process can be invaluable assets in both academic and professional settings.Overall, the National Higher Education Self-Examination and its designated English Self-Study Tutorial represent a transformative approach to learning that empowers individuals to take charge oftheir educational journey. By providing a flexible, accessible, and cost-effective platform for language acquisition, the program fosters personal growth, career advancement, and a lifelong love of learning. As more individuals embrace the opportunities presented by this innovative educational model, the positive impact on both individual and societal development cannot be overstated.。

贵州省成人学士学位 英语课程考试指南

贵州省成人学士学位 英语课程考试指南

贵州省成人学士学位英语课程考试指南Pursuing a bachelor's degree as an adult in Guizhou Province signifies a commitment to personal and professional growth. The English course, a pivotal component of this academic journey, is designed to equip students with the linguistic capabilities necessary for success in various fields. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the English curriculum and examination strategies to help adult learners excel.The curriculum is structured to foster a deep understanding of both written and spoken English. It encompasses a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing, and oral communication. Each module is crafted to address the unique challenges adult learners may face, integrating practical exercises that reflect real-world scenarios.Grammar and vocabulary form the foundation of language proficiency. The course offers an extensive study of English grammar, ensuring that students understand the rules and can apply them correctly. Vocabulary sessions are designed to expand learners' lexicon, focusing on words and phrases that are most useful in academic and professional contexts.Reading comprehension modules aim to enhance students' ability to understand and analyze written texts. This includes practicing skimming and scanning techniques, identifying main ideas and supporting details, and interpreting the author's intent. Students are exposed to a variety of genres, from news articles and scientific reports to literature and business documents.Writing skills are critical for academic success. The course provides clear instructions on composing essays, reports, and correspondence. Emphasis is placed on structuring ideas coherently, developing arguments, and employing appropriate register and style. Students learn to edit and revise their work, ensuring clarity and precision.Oral communication is another vital aspect of the curriculum. Students engage in activities that improve their speaking and listening skills, such as presentations,discussions, and role-plays. These exercises not only boost confidence but also prepare students for the types of communication they will encounter in their professional lives.The examination for the English course is comprehensive, assessing students' abilities across all modules. To excel, students should engage with the material regularly, participate actively in class, and complete all assigned tasks. Self-study, including reading in English and practicing speaking with peers, is also highly recommended.When preparing for the exam, students should familiarize themselves with the format and types of questions they will encounter. Time management is crucial; practice tests can help students allocate their time effectively during the actual exam. Additionally, understanding the grading criteria can guide students in focusing their efforts on the areas that carry the most weight.In conclusion, the English course for adult bachelor's degree students in Guizhou Province is a well-rounded program that addresses the key components of language learning. By engaging with the curriculum and employing effective study strategies, adult learners can achieve a high level of English proficiency, opening doors to new opportunities and contributing to their overall success. 。

学士学位英语考试指南广西美术出版社内容

学士学位英语考试指南广西美术出版社内容

学士学位英语考试指南广西美术出版社内容Bachelor's Degree English Exam Guide from Guangxi Fine Arts Publishing HouseIntroduction:The Bachelor's Degree English Exam Guide is a comprehensive study tool designed to help students prepare for the English component of their degree program. Developed by experts in English language teaching and assessment, this guide covers a wide range of topics to ensure students are adequately prepared for the exam.Features:1. Comprehensive Coverage: The guide covers all aspects of the English language, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Each section is broken down into detailed explanations, examples, and practice exercises to help students master the material.2. Practice Tests: The guide includes multiple practice tests that simulate the format and content of the actual exam. These tests are designed to help students familiarize themselves with the types of questions they may encounter and to assess their readiness for the exam.3. Answer Key: An answer key is provided for all practice exercises and tests, allowing students to check their work and identify areas for improvement. Detailed explanations are also included to help students understand the reasoning behind correct answers.4. Supplemental Materials: In addition to the guide itself, students will have access to a range of supplemental materials, including vocabulary lists, grammar guides, and study tips. These resources are designed to provide additional support and help students build their English language skills.5. Online Support: Students can access online resources, such as practice quizzes and interactive exercises, to further enhance their learning experience. In addition, they can connect with other students studying for the exam and receive guidance and support from expert instructors.Benefits:1. Improved Confidence: By using the Bachelor's Degree English Exam Guide, students can build their confidence in their English language abilities and feel more prepared for the exam.2. Enhanced Skills: The guide helps students improve their reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills, which are essential for success in their degree program and future career.3. Test Readiness: With multiple practice tests and answer keys, students can assess their progress and ensure they are ready for the exam. This can help reduce test anxiety and improve performance on exam day.Overall, the Bachelor's Degree English Exam Guide from Guangxi Fine Arts Publishing House is a valuable resource for students seeking to excel in their English language studies. By using this comprehensive guide, students can enhance their language skills, build confidence, and achieve success in their degree program.。

四川大自考英语免试流程

四川大自考英语免试流程

四川大自考英语免试流程In Sichuan, the opportunity to pursue higher education through self-study examinations is a pathway many individuals take to advance their academic qualifications. The English exemption process for the Sichuan Self-Study Exam is a streamlined procedure that allows candidates with certain qualifications to bypass the English test, which is a part of the comprehensive self-study examination system.The exemption process begins with an eligibility check. Candidates who have graduated from an English-medium institution or have a degree from an English-speaking country are typically eligible for exemption. Additionally, professional qualifications such as TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) or TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) certificates can also be grounds for exemption.Once eligibility is confirmed, candidates must gather the necessary documentation. This includes academic transcripts, diplomas, certificates, and any other relevant proof of English proficiency. It's essential that these documents are verified and, if necessary, translated into Chinese. The translations must be certified for authenticity to ensure the process's integrity.The next step is the submission of the application. Candidates must fill out the exemption form, which requires detailed personal information, educational background, and the specifics of the exemption request. The form, along with the supporting documents, is submitted to the Sichuan Higher Education Self-Study Examination Committee.The committee reviews the application thoroughly. They may request additional information or clarification to ascertain the candidate's proficiency level. It's crucial for applicants to respond promptly to any inquiries to avoid delays in the process.If the application is approved, the candidate receives an exemption certificate. This certificate must be presented during the registration for the self-study exams. It'simportant to note that the exemption is only valid for the English subject of the examination and does not affect any other subjects that the candidate must take.Candidates who receive the exemption are advised to continue honing their English skills. Although they are exempt from the test, English proficiency is a valuable asset in both academic and professional settings. Engaging in continuous learning and practice can open up further opportunities and contribute to personal growth.In conclusion, the English exemption process for the Sichuan Self-Study Exam is a facilitative measure for those who have already demonstrated a high level of English proficiency. It simplifies the path to obtaining academic qualifications and reflects the recognition of diverse educational backgrounds and experiences. By adhering to the process and maintaining a commitment to continuous learning, candidates can leverage this opportunity to achieve their educational and career goals.This document has been crafted to provide a clear understanding of the English exemption process for the Sichuan Self-Study Exam. It aims to guide candidates through each step, ensuring a smooth and successful application. With precise language and a focus on logical flow, the document presents a coherent and comprehensive overview of the procedure, tailored to the needs of prospective applicants.。

成人学士学位英语考试指南

成人学士学位英语考试指南

Adult Bachelor's Degree English Examination GuidePreparing for the Adult Bachelor's Degree English Examination requires a focused approach and a strategic plan. This guide aims to provide you with essential tips and strategies to help you ace the exam.1. Understand the Exam Format and Requirements:Familiarize yourself with the exam format, including the number of sections, question types, and time allocation. Ensure you understand the scoring criteria and the skills being tested.2. Identify Your Weaknesses and Strengthen Them:Assess your current English proficiency and identify areas where you need improvement. Focus on strengthening your weaknesses by practicing relevant exercises and revision.3. Create a Study Plan:Develop a study plan that covers all the exam topics and分配sufficient time to each section. Plan regular practice sessions and stick to your schedule.4. Emphasize Vocabulary and Grammar:Expand your vocabulary and master basic grammar rules. Focus on learning new words, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences. Practice grammar exercises to improve your language accuracy.5. Practice Reading and Writing Skills:Develop your reading comprehension skills by practicing reading passages and answering questions. Practice writing essays and letters to improve your writing skills.6. Listening and Speaking Practice:Improving your listening and speaking skills is crucial for the exam. Listen to English podcasts, watch English movies, and practice speaking with native speakers.7. Take Mock Exams:Taking mock exams helps you familiarize yourself with the exam format and manage your time effectively. Analyze your mock exam results and identify areas for improvement.8. Stay Motivated and Focused:Maintaining a positive mindset and staying focused is key to success. Stay motivated by setting achievable goals and rewarding yourself for your progress.Remember, consistent practice and preparation are the keys to success in the Adult Bachelor's Degree English Examination. Good luck!准备成人学士学位英语考试需要有一个明确的目标和计划。

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SUPPLEMENT A:1.What are the 5 S’s of an effective presentation?1. strategy2.structure3.support4.style5.supplement2.What is the order of the 5 S’s?1.Formulate a strategy for the specific audience and occasion.为特定的受众制定战略2.Develop a clear structure.制定了明确的结构3.Support your ideas with examples, illustrations, and othermaterial adapted to your audience.支持你的观点的证据4.Prepare your material to create a presentation style that willenhance your ideas.结合思想与加强演讲风格5.Supplement your presentation with confident, informedresponse to questions and challenges.辅以通知回答问题3.How do you determine your purpose (Figure A.2)?Your subjectYour general purposeYour specific purpose4.What are the general purposes for presentations?Motivate, inform, persuade, demonstrate, teach5.Is the audience able to retain more information if the material is something they are already familiar with?P616yes6.Why are visual and audio aids used?P620help people process and retain data,enhancing comprehension and memory,heighten the persuasive impact of your ideas if they engage receivers actively in the communicative exchange.7.What are some different types of visual aids?Computer-aided graphics, slides, photographs, posters, descriptive or written materials, numbers and charts8.What is primacy?The power of a first impression9.What is recency?We remember more recent events better than the past10.What are the most important segments of the presentation? p. 618the most important segments of your presentation, they warrant the most preparation.11.Are transitions important in presentations? When should they be used? p. 618It is especially important in oral communication.When you’re moving form one idea to another idea.You should indicate major transitions between ideas.SUPPLEMENT C: MEETINGS1.Why are meetings important?One reason is because so much of a manager’s time is spent in meetings.A second reason is meetings are a significant cost.A third reason becoming a skillful meeting manager is crucial is meetings are the place where most corporate decisions are actually made, or reviewed.A fourth reason relates to the concept of whole life, as opposed to work life.2.How much time do people spend in meetings? Is this a lot?>50% of meeting time wasted3.Time spent in meetings- Most business people: 25% of time- Middle managers: 2 days of every week- Executives: up to 4 days of every week!4.What are some of the costs of attending a meeting?5.How much time is wasted in meetings?>50% of meeting time wasted6.Why is time wasted in meetings?Try to accomplish too muchLack clear objectives and/or organizationLack clear defined roles for participantsSuppress differences of opinions and conflict7.What are the five P’s of effective meetings?(1) purpose, (2) participants,(3) plan, (4) participation, and (5) perspective.8.What are the three broad functions that meetings serve?1. To make announcements2. To make decisions3. To brainstorm or reach decision9.What are the 4 reasons for which meetings should be called? ActionDecisionCoordinationInformation10.Who is the meeting manager? What do they do?Person responsible for meeting; normally the one who conducts it 11.What is an action meeting?Held to organize work necessary to accomplish a task12.What is a coordination meeting?Held to establish effective communication between all involved in accomplishing a task13.What are the planning factors for meetings?1. Clear purpose and need: cost/benefit analysis - resources (man-hours) needed2. Identification and availability of attendees - all whose duties or functional areas are affected3. Coordination with organization’s master calendar- to prevent conflicts4. Availability of facilities - ensure room is adequateShould the meeting manager always coordinate with the master schedule when planning for a meeting?14.What does the meeting manager need to check to make sure the facilities are OK for the meeting?15.What should the meeting manager and attendees do before the meeting?16.What information does the meeting report include?17.When should the results of the meeting be provided to each attendee?18.What is a luncheon meeting? 午餐会议- for information dissemination信息传播 or coordination of actions- can be good for team building and morale可以是好的队伍建设和士气19.What is a stand-up meeting?- Participants do not sit- ensures meeting is relatively short and focused相对短和重点-should be one topic only一般只有一个主题20.What is a coffee shop meeting?- need for relaxed atmosphere需要轻松地氛围- good for information sharing or coordination良好的信息共享或协调- best when only a few participants最好只有少数参与者21.How are virtual meetings conducted? What are the benefits of virtual meetings?- via software (MS Netmeeting) or websites (WebEx, Placeware, Centra) - highly cost effective极具成本效益: eliminate travel, downtime停机- Easy to initiate容易开始; inexpensive to conduct廉价进行- Much specialized software support很多专门的软件支持。

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