英语写作课件(4)
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实用阶梯英语写作教程课件unit 4 Listing and Exemplification
ke sunglasses;
Everything seemed
I tore a hole on the bathing suit; to go wrong with
4 Friends thought I would dive me at the swimming
when I just wanted to see view pool.
Warm-up Activity: Setting your goals
• 1. List what you will do to achieve your goal.
• 2. Interview one of your friends about his/her goal and the actions they will take.
as an illustration
• to illustrate
as an example
• take…for example
consider…for example
• as follows
in other words
• let me cite as proof
• according to statistics (statistical evidence)
• 1. Learning English is a rewarding experience. • 2. How higher education has affected my life. • 3. Making mistakes is a good way to learn. • 4. There is a lot to learn outside the classroom.
• Pass CET4, • Improve English skills, • Get scholarship, • Join some student organizations, like student
Everything seemed
I tore a hole on the bathing suit; to go wrong with
4 Friends thought I would dive me at the swimming
when I just wanted to see view pool.
Warm-up Activity: Setting your goals
• 1. List what you will do to achieve your goal.
• 2. Interview one of your friends about his/her goal and the actions they will take.
as an illustration
• to illustrate
as an example
• take…for example
consider…for example
• as follows
in other words
• let me cite as proof
• according to statistics (statistical evidence)
• 1. Learning English is a rewarding experience. • 2. How higher education has affected my life. • 3. Making mistakes is a good way to learn. • 4. There is a lot to learn outside the classroom.
• Pass CET4, • Improve English skills, • Get scholarship, • Join some student organizations, like student
英语写作课件ppt
写作风格和语言选择
写作风格
根据文章目的和读者选择适当的写作 风格，如正式、非正式、商业或个人 风格。
语言选择
使用准确、清晰、简洁的语言，避免 语法和拼写错误，确保表达的流畅性 和准确性。
文章结构和段落组织
文章结构
合理安排文章开头、主体和结尾，确保内容逻辑清晰、条理 分明。
段落组织
分段合理，每段主题明确，段与段之间过渡自然，避免内容 重复或脱节。
为了避免句子结构过于单一，作者可以使用不同的句型和表达方式，如并列句 、复合句、倒装句等。同时，避免句子冗长，将长句拆分成短句，使文章更加 易于阅读和理解。
缺乏连贯性和逻辑性
总结词
文章缺乏连贯性和逻辑性会影响读者的阅读体验和理解。
详细描述
为了提高文章的连贯性和逻辑性，作者需要合理安排段落和布局，使用过渡词和短语来连接句子和段落，使文章 更加流畅。同时，注意文章的主题和论点，确保文章内容紧扣主题，条理清晰。
使用修辞手法和表达方式
比喻
通过比喻来描述抽象概 念或事物，使读者更易
理解。
拟人
将非人类事物人格化， 增强描述的生动性。
排比
使用三个或以上结构相 似的句子，增强语势。
倒装
打破常规语序，使句子 结构更加丰富多样。
提高文章深度和广度
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02
03
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深度
通过深入挖掘主题，分析其内 在联系和影响，使文章更具深
使用过渡词和过渡句， 增强段落之间的逻辑连 接。
过渡词和过渡句的使用 能够使段落之间的逻辑 连接更加紧密。通过使 用合适的过渡词和过渡 句，可以引导读者的思 路，使文章更加连贯、 流畅。
03
英语写作常见问题及解决方案
Unit4 Reading for writing写作课件 高中英语人教版必修第一册
Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing⑩， local⑪ officials said. “[5]I was having breakfast with my three
children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety⑫，” said Chandra Theeravit, a
local Thai woman.
[4]dead in Thailand 为 主语Another 254的补足 语 ； 54 in three other countries为省略句，全 句 为 “54 were found dead in three other countries”。
[3] 此 处 是 过 去 分 词
and cars were swept away② by huge waves③ [3]caused by the
短语作后置定语，
strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea 修饰waves；该结构
Following events
Summary
event date place effect
cause
What is a summary?
What is a summary?
A summary is a short statement of main points.
children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety⑫，” said Chandra Theeravit, a
local Thai woman.
[4]dead in Thailand 为 主语Another 254的补足 语 ； 54 in three other countries为省略句，全 句 为 “54 were found dead in three other countries”。
[3] 此 处 是 过 去 分 词
and cars were swept away② by huge waves③ [3]caused by the
短语作后置定语，
strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea 修饰waves；该结构
Following events
Summary
event date place effect
cause
What is a summary?
What is a summary?
A summary is a short statement of main points.
Unit 4 Reading for writing写作课件 高中英语人教版必修第一册
增强体质: build up one‘s body /strength 振奋精神，释放压力 : cheer up one's spirits and release stress
学校学生会（the Students’ Union）决定举办一次英语演讲比赛 (English Speech Contest)
这场展览给人们提供了一个了解中国电影历史的机会。 The exhibition provided us a chance to know the history of Chinese films. 体育文化节提供机会给学生展示自己，挑战自己。 The festival will provide a chance for students to show themselves and challenge themselves.
The activity can not only… but also…
拓展视野: broaden one's horizons/ view 加深对...的理解 : deepen the understanding of.../ have a better understanding of 丰富生活: enrich one's life 提供某人机会做某事：provide sb. a chance to do sth. 培养兴趣：develop one’s interest in… 有重要作用：play an important in…
3、内容 The activity includes/will include ...
学校学生会（the Students’ Union）决定举办一次英语演讲比赛 (English Speech Contest)
比赛内容 1. 演讲（三分钟） 2. 问答（两分钟） 3. 表演（三分钟）
学校学生会（the Students’ Union）决定举办一次英语演讲比赛 (English Speech Contest)
这场展览给人们提供了一个了解中国电影历史的机会。 The exhibition provided us a chance to know the history of Chinese films. 体育文化节提供机会给学生展示自己，挑战自己。 The festival will provide a chance for students to show themselves and challenge themselves.
The activity can not only… but also…
拓展视野: broaden one's horizons/ view 加深对...的理解 : deepen the understanding of.../ have a better understanding of 丰富生活: enrich one's life 提供某人机会做某事：provide sb. a chance to do sth. 培养兴趣：develop one’s interest in… 有重要作用：play an important in…
3、内容 The activity includes/will include ...
学校学生会（the Students’ Union）决定举办一次英语演讲比赛 (English Speech Contest)
比赛内容 1. 演讲（三分钟） 2. 问答（两分钟） 3. 表演（三分钟）
英语四级作文写作技巧 精品 PPT课件
2. good的替换词: positive, favorable, rosy (美好 的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding
3. bad的替换词: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的) 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 代替
21. have的替换词: enjoy, possess
23
24个经典替换词
22. communication的替换词: interaction
23. be against, disagree with sth 的替换词： frown on sth
24. for example 的替换词： to name only a few, as an example
➢ 如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组“play an important role in---”。
25
句型多样
➢ 简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句 子结构如：插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词， 疑问句等。
➢ 若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和 句式变化及句子类型，可通过对泛读课文经典句子的 背诵提高应用语言基本句型的能力。
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24个经典替换词
4. many的替换词: an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , many… if not most.
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….
15
3. bad的替换词: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的) 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 代替
21. have的替换词: enjoy, possess
23
24个经典替换词
22. communication的替换词: interaction
23. be against, disagree with sth 的替换词： frown on sth
24. for example 的替换词： to name only a few, as an example
➢ 如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组“play an important role in---”。
25
句型多样
➢ 简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句 子结构如：插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词， 疑问句等。
➢ 若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和 句式变化及句子类型，可通过对泛读课文经典句子的 背诵提高应用语言基本句型的能力。
18
24个经典替换词
4. many的替换词: an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , many… if not most.
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….
15
研究生写作4 types of paragraphs
• 4. Specific details always help a story, but so does interpretive language. You don't just lay the words on the page; you point them in the direction of a story.
• • • • • • • • • • •
• New words and expressions: 1. cricket: 蟋蟀 2. chirrup ['tʃirəp]: 反复不断的唧唧叫声 3. muffle [ ˈmʌfl ]: 压抑; 捂住; 消音 4. hoot [ hu:t ]: 猫头鹰叫声; 汽车喇叭声 5. a barred owl: 胸部有条纹的猫头鹰 6. glow： 辉光，弱光 glow stick 萤光棒 ; 荧光棒 7. canopy: 树冠；天篷；华盖；苍穹 8. bunk: 铺位；床铺 9. rustle: vi. 发出沙沙声 10. stifle: vt. 使窒息; 扼杀
• Example:
• Gregory is my beautiful gray Persian cat. He walks with pride and grace, performing a dance of disdain as he slowly lifts and lowers each paw with the delicacy of a ballet dancer. His pride, however, does not extend to his appearance, for he spends most of his time indoors watching television and growing fat. He enjoys TV commercials, especially those for Meow Mix (咪咪乐) and 9 Lives. His familiarity with cat food commercials has led him to reject generic (一般的;仿制的）brands of cat food in favor of only the most expensive brands. Gregory is as finicky （苛求的） about visitors as he is about what he eats, befriending some and repelling others. He may snuggle（偎依） up against your ankle, begging to be petted, or he may imitate a skunk（黄鼠狼） and stain your favorite trousers. Gregory does not do this to establish his territory, as many cat experts think, but to humiliate me because he is jealous of my friends. After my guests have fled, I look at the old fleabag snoozing（打 盹） and smiling to himself in front of the television set, and I have to forgive him for his obnoxious（讨厌的；可憎的）, but endearing, habits.
《英语写作教案》ppt课件
强调英语写作的 重要性和应用价 值
鼓励学生进行实 践练习，提高英 语写作水平
掌握英语写作的基本技巧和规范 理解不同类型的英语写作要求和特点 学会运用适当的语言表达自己的观点和想法 掌握英语写作中的常见问题和解决方法
英语语法规则的掌握和应用 英语表达能力的提高 英语写作技巧的运用 跨文化交际能力的培养
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
优点：生动形象，易于理解，能 够帮助学生更好地掌握英语写作 技巧
实施步骤：选择合适的案例，引 导学生分析案例，总结写作技巧 和方法，进行实践练习
介绍课程背景和目的 回顾已学知识 展示新内容，引导学生思考 激发学生学习兴趣和好奇心
导入新课：介绍课程背 景和目的，激发学生的 学习兴趣
定义：通过口头语言向学生传授知识、发展智力的方法 特点：直接、快速、简便，但容易使学生处于被动接受状态 适用范围：适用于传授新知识、讲解概念和原理等 注意事项：要注重启发式教学，避免“满堂灌”现象
添加 标题
定义：讨论法是一种以小组为单位，通过讨论、交流、分享等方式，引导学生主动思考、表达观点的教 学方法。
自我评价：学生对自己的英语写作能力进行评估 反思与总结：学生对自己的作品进行反思和总结，找出优点和不足 改进方向：学生根据反思和总结，提出改进英语写作的建议和方向 反馈与建议：学生对自己的作品提出反馈和建议，为今后的学习提供参考
互评目的：提高写作技能，促进 互相学习
互评方式：小组讨论，互相点评， 教师指导
添加 标题
注意事项：在实施讨论法时，教师需要注意控制讨论的时间和节奏，避免讨论偏离主题或陷入无意义的 争论；同时，教师还需要注意观察学生的表现和反应，及时给予指导和帮助。
定义：通过分析具体案例来教授 英语写作技巧和方法
Unit4Writing(problemsandadvice)问题与建议写作课件牛津深圳版英语九年级
a good way to ask your problems with your parents and teacher for help when you need. Remember, they have more experience than you, so they are always ready to help you.
___B___With a little hard work, I believe you will deal with the homework problem
and feel relaxed in your study. Yours, A. In this way, you can improve your learning efficiency(学习效率). Linda B. To sum up, you should stay positive and try different ways to solve the problems.
The sentence patterns to give suggestions: had better (not) do.../ I advise to... Doing...is( a good choice)./ If you..., you will... It’s a good way to... You’re supposed/expected to... I suggest that you (should)...
Act. 3- Read the email again and find out some sentence patterns to give suggestions.
Dear Eric, I learn that you have trouble finishing your homework everyday and you suffer from a
___B___With a little hard work, I believe you will deal with the homework problem
and feel relaxed in your study. Yours, A. In this way, you can improve your learning efficiency(学习效率). Linda B. To sum up, you should stay positive and try different ways to solve the problems.
The sentence patterns to give suggestions: had better (not) do.../ I advise to... Doing...is( a good choice)./ If you..., you will... It’s a good way to... You’re supposed/expected to... I suggest that you (should)...
Act. 3- Read the email again and find out some sentence patterns to give suggestions.
Dear Eric, I learn that you have trouble finishing your homework everyday and you suffer from a
高中英语写作课件
打造写作亮点，提升写作档次
一． 短语优先原则 多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以 增加文采
of importance
Developing a good habit is also important. Developing a good habit is also___________ As the number of English learners is increasing, it is not difficult for them to understand these words inChinese contexts. As the number of English learners is
替
1. I like reading while my brother likes watching football matches.
I like reading while my brotheenrjo__y____ watching football matches.
2.We’ve built a new experiment building beside the old one and we’ve also built a library where the old playground used to be.
2.恰当使用有把握的复杂句式
A、从句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句） B、倒装句/强调句 C、非谓语动词
1. Nowadays, advertisements are very
c2o. mAdmvoernt.isements are now playing an
important rolwe hinicohur life.
新时代核心英语教程写作3教学课件unit4
common in business emails) • Sincerely/Yours sincerely, (standard, used to
people whom you don’t know well)
The language
The body of the email usually begins with warmup sentences that refer to the contact in the past or provide background information.
The structure and format
4. From: It is followed by the email address of the sender, which is generated automatically by the system.
5. Time: It is followed by the date and time of sending the message, which are generated automatically by the system.
might not download them easily. • What else?
The structure and format
1. An email is generally similar to a business letter in structure and style.
2. However, the arrangement of the elements is different.
The structure and format
Besides providing your name, your signiture may also contain your position, company name, address, phone number, and so on.
people whom you don’t know well)
The language
The body of the email usually begins with warmup sentences that refer to the contact in the past or provide background information.
The structure and format
4. From: It is followed by the email address of the sender, which is generated automatically by the system.
5. Time: It is followed by the date and time of sending the message, which are generated automatically by the system.
might not download them easily. • What else?
The structure and format
1. An email is generally similar to a business letter in structure and style.
2. However, the arrangement of the elements is different.
The structure and format
Besides providing your name, your signiture may also contain your position, company name, address, phone number, and so on.
新时代核心英语教程写作1教学课件(U4)
mood 语气 person 人称 plural 复数形式 principle of proximity 就近原则 singular 单数形式 subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 tense 时态 voice 语态
Main Contents
Sentence agreement
Sentence consistency
Agreement between the verb and its subject
Even when the subject and verb are interrupted by expressions, the verb should agree with its subject, rather than with the noun or pronoun near it.
• All of the members were notifiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱd, and most have arrived.
• The committee found that all of the report was helpful.
• Half of the building was damaged in the explosion.
Agreement between the verb and its subject
(2) When compound subjects are joined by and, use plural verbs even when one or all of the subjects are singular.
• Incorrect: The dog, the monkey, the children, and the tent was in the car.
初中英语作文写作课(共15张PPT)【优秀课件】
Different students have different ideas about the Internet. Most students
think that the Internet is very useful in our life. First of all, we can learn a lot
Topic
On the Internet
Beginning
Beginning Different people have different ideas about ….
Body
正文
Key sentence1
Most students…
First of all learn… from …also… listen to…, enjoy … Besides make…more convenient
Most students think that the Internet is very useful in our life. First of all, we can learn a lot from the Internet. We can also listen to music and enjoy movies for fun. Besides, the Internet makes our life more convenient. However, some other students feel differently. There are lots of unhealthy pictures or movies on the Internet. They make students lose interest in their study.
大学英语四级写作专题讲解ppt课件
Cultivate students' critical thinking
require them to be able to analyze problems, propose viewpoints, and provide arguments.
Adapt to the needs of international communication
Writing is one of the four basic skills in English learning: listening, speaking, reading, and writing are complementary and indispensable.
Writing is an important criterion for measuring English proficiency: it can reflect students' English proficiency and is also an important component of various English exams.
strategies
Advanced vocabulary selection and replacement
01
Use emotionally charged vocabulary such as "significant" instead of "important" and "financing" instead of "interesting" to enhance the infectiousness of the article.
require them to be able to analyze problems, propose viewpoints, and provide arguments.
Adapt to the needs of international communication
Writing is one of the four basic skills in English learning: listening, speaking, reading, and writing are complementary and indispensable.
Writing is an important criterion for measuring English proficiency: it can reflect students' English proficiency and is also an important component of various English exams.
strategies
Advanced vocabulary selection and replacement
01
Use emotionally charged vocabulary such as "significant" instead of "important" and "financing" instead of "interesting" to enhance the infectiousness of the article.
新时代核心英语教程写作2教学课件U4
Establishing a working thesis
Organizing information
Outlining the essay
Difficult Points
1. Establishing a working thesis effectively
2. Distinguishing and making good use of different forms of outlines
• wearing hand-me-downs • having to share a room
Four characteristics of a working thesis--IV
It does not use abstract or vague words such as good, bad, interesting, or nice.
3.It may well be modified, clarified, or changed as you write.
Establishing a working thesis
1. A thesis statement should include two parts: • a topic part that states the topic or the subject of your essay; • a comment part that makes an important point about the topic.
Activity 1
Analyze the structure of “What I Have Lived For” and then fill in the blanks with paragraph numbers and main ideas.
2024版《四级写作》ppt课件
词汇错误
拼写错误
注意单词拼写，避免简单的拼写错误。
词性误用
区分不同词性的词汇，确保在句子中正确使 用。
搭配错误
熟悉常用词汇的搭配和用法，避免不合适的 搭配。
语义不清
选用准确、具体的词汇表达思想，避免使用 模糊、笼统的词汇。
篇章结构错误
缺少主题句 在段落开头明确主题句，概括段落大 意。
缺少过渡词
在段落之间使用适当的过渡词，使文 章连贯、流畅。
请老师或同学对自己的文 章进行点评和反馈，以便 及时发现并改正问题。
04
四级写作常见错误及避免方法
语法错误
主谓不一致
检查谓语动词与主语在人称和数 上是否一致。
时态错误
根据上下文判断动作发生的时间， 选用正确的时态。
语态错误
区分主动语态和被动语态，避免 误用。
虚拟语气错误
在表示建议、要求、命令等语气 的句子中，正确使用虚拟语气。
05
06
礼貌地请求面试机会，并提供联系方式
模拟题三：图表作文写作
题目：根据所给图表写一篇文章， 分析中国人口老龄化的趋势和影
响
描述图表中展示的中国人口老龄 化的趋势和特点
讨论应对人口老龄化的措施和政 策建议
解析
分析人口老龄化对中国社会、经 济、文化等方面的影响
总结全文，强调人口老龄化对中 国未来的挑战和机遇
息交流等
04
指出现代科技对人们生活的负面 影响，如沉迷网络、隐私泄露等
05
提出应对现代科技负面影响的措
施，如加强监管、提高个人信息
保护意识等
06
模拟题二：应用文写作
题目：写一封求职信
01
02
解析
Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater写作课课件人教版八年级英语上册
11..BTohbeifsirtshteel_e_p(hsahnotrti)smbiagn. in this picture. 22..STahme sisecthoend__e(lteapllh) amnat nisinbitghgiserptihctaunreth. e first one . 3. The last elephant is the biggest one in this picture.
Zoo is the best place to go on weekends
Reasons
The animals are amazing To see the animals’ performances There are many delicious foods
I like this place and I try to go to the zoo once a year
sceneries because green trees and red flowers are planted everywhere. Most importantly, you will like to ③ study at this school for the learning atmosphere is very good. The sound of reading aloud can be heared all around. It is absolutely a great school.
Total（总） There is something for everyone at …….
Places
Q1: Think about some of the best places/things in your town. Q2: Why are they the best?
Zoo is the best place to go on weekends
Reasons
The animals are amazing To see the animals’ performances There are many delicious foods
I like this place and I try to go to the zoo once a year
sceneries because green trees and red flowers are planted everywhere. Most importantly, you will like to ③ study at this school for the learning atmosphere is very good. The sound of reading aloud can be heared all around. It is absolutely a great school.
Total（总） There is something for everyone at …….
Places
Q1: Think about some of the best places/things in your town. Q2: Why are they the best?
Unit4 写作课课件课件-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册
第三步 句式升级 1.用非限制性定语从句改写句1 _O_n__J_u_l_y__7_，__m_y__p_a_r_e_n_t_s_a_n_d__I_t_o_o_k__a__b_u_s_t_o__L_e_s_h_a_n_，__S_ic_h_u__a_n_ _P_r_o_v_i_n_c_e，__w__h_i_ch__i_s _f_a_m_o_u_s__fo_r__th_e__G_i_a_n_t_S_t_o_n_e_B__u_d_d_h_a_._______ 2.用现在分词短语作状语改写句3 _L_o_o_k_i_n_g__u_p_a_t__th_e__la_r_g_e__h_e_a_d_a_n_d__d_o_w__n_a_t_t_h_e__la_r_g_e_f_e_e_t_，__I_f_el_t_ _I_w__a_s_s_o_s_m__a_ll_. __________________________________________
_G__iv_e_n___a_n_o_t_h_e_r__c_h_a_n_c_e_，___I__a_m___b_o_u_n__d__t_o__p_a_y___a__v_i_si_t__t_o_ _L_e_s_h_a_n__a_g_a_i_n_.__________________________________________
5.在黄昏时刻，我们返程。
_A_t__d_u_s_k_，__w__e_m__a_d_e__o_u_r_w__a_y__b_a_c_k_.__________________________
6.我们都非常累，但是我们去乐山的旅程真的既难忘又使人愉快。
_W__e__w_e_r_e_a_l_l_t_ir_e_d_，__b__u_t_o_u_r__tr_i_p__to__L_e_s_h_a_n__w_a_s__r_e_a_ll_y_u_n__fo_r_g_e_t_t_able _a_n_d__p_l_e_a_s_a_n_t_. ____________________________________________
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about; trail; lag; stutter; grovel; stump;
❖ meander; range; stray; hover; coil; contort; jerk; squirm; struggle; thrash; thresh; twist; mess about; skulk; straggle; idle; edge; slink; slither; worm; wriggle; prowl; stalk; clamber; scramble; writhe;
❖ Be sure to note that richly connotative words and phrases, despite their usefulness in personal descriptions, have no place in factual descriptions.
❖ Malapropism(音近词的误用): it results from a confusion of similar words, such as typoon and tycoon.
❖ How to avoid incorrect denotations and malapropisms?
❖ Green: bottle-green; emerald; olive-green; pea-green；grass-green; sea-green; jade-green; turquoise; khaki; lime (lime green);
❖ Yellow: blonde; gold; golden; off-white; sandy; straw-coloured; amber; chromeyellow; yellowish; cream; creamy; orange; tawny;
❖ 1.The basic concepts and definitions: The denotation of a word is its bare dictionary definition or its literal meaning; in other words, the denotative meaning of a word is gained from dictionary.
常用“大词”与“小词” 之表示滑行的动作
❖ glide; slide; snake; worm; coast; glissade; move smoothly; skate; ski; skid; skim; slip; cruise; sail; drift; aquaplane; slither; toboggan; squirm; wriggle; writhe; go/move out of control; plane; move lightly; float;
❖ Blue: navy; royal blue; sky-blue; pale-blue; azure; aquamarine; cerulean; cobalt; indigo; sapphire; ultramarine
❖ Brown: beige; bronze; chocolate; tan; buff; chestnut; dun; fawn; khaki; ochre; russet; sepia; terracotta; umber;
Conclusion: To accurately use a word connotatively, a writer must be aware of its denotative meaning and connotative meaning.
Denotation:本义，指称意义，词典意义，字面意义
13.1.2. Concrete and Abstract Words General and Specific Words
❖ 1. To know the basic definitions and concepts ❖ 1.1.Concrete word (实体词) ❖ 1.2.Abstract word (抽象词) ❖ 1.3. General word (大词，上义词) ❖ 1.4. Specific word (小词，下义词) ❖ 2. To disapprove of the widespread use of utility
We can avoid them by means of checking the dictionary for the definitions of words which you are not very comfortable and familiar with.
❖ The connotations of words may vary along a number of dimensions.
Specific Words
13.0. Introduction: Why to know about diction ?
❖ 1.The extreme significance of choosing the right words (i.e. diction ) in writing.
❖ 2.How to choose the right words The choice of words that a writer makes depends on the context: his purpose, his point of view, and his readers.
❖ Generally, Diction（措辞，用词，选词）can be defined as the choice of words which express the writer’s ideas and feelings exactly.
13.1. Using Exact Words
Using exact words in writing means selecting
Connotation: 引申义，比喻义，隐含意义，文化意义
Error Analysis
❖ Incorrect denotations(错用本义): it results either from confusion of similar referents( the things words refer to) or from confusion of similar words.
words with the proper denotations and connotations; it also implies careful use of abstract and concrete words and of general and specific words.
13.1.1. Denotation and connotation
❖ In scientific and technological writings, language should be exact and precise, selected to convey a specific meaning, designed to communicate information, not emotions.
常用“大词”与“小词” 之表示行为缓慢的动作
❖ stroll; walk; ramble; hike; roam; saunter; loiter; lounge about; amble; inch (along); creep; slip; steal; tiptoe; sneak; crawl; climb; plod; trudge; drag; shuffle; jog on (along)；traipse; tramp; trek; trudge; rove; dally; dawdle; hang back; linger; loaf
❖ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้Connotations may be conveyed by all parts of speech.
Improper and unintended connotations
❖ How to avoid improper and unintended connotations
Scientific and Technological Writing
The connotation includes all of the emotional overtones suggested by the word. That is to say, the connotative meaning is ultimately deduced from one’s experience. The connotations of a word are its implications, the meanings that the word suggests beyond its literal, dictionary meaning.
❖ White: milk-white; snowy; snow-white; ashen; whitish;
❖ Black: coal-black; jet-black; pitch-black; pitch-dark; blackish; ebony; inky; raven; sooty;
❖ Red: crimson; pink; rosy; ruby; scarlet; auburn; blood-red; brick-red; carmine; carroty; cerise; flame-coloured; magenta; maroon; roseate; vermilion; wine-coloured;
英语写作课件（4）
The Job and Target
❖ meander; range; stray; hover; coil; contort; jerk; squirm; struggle; thrash; thresh; twist; mess about; skulk; straggle; idle; edge; slink; slither; worm; wriggle; prowl; stalk; clamber; scramble; writhe;
❖ Be sure to note that richly connotative words and phrases, despite their usefulness in personal descriptions, have no place in factual descriptions.
❖ Malapropism(音近词的误用): it results from a confusion of similar words, such as typoon and tycoon.
❖ How to avoid incorrect denotations and malapropisms?
❖ Green: bottle-green; emerald; olive-green; pea-green；grass-green; sea-green; jade-green; turquoise; khaki; lime (lime green);
❖ Yellow: blonde; gold; golden; off-white; sandy; straw-coloured; amber; chromeyellow; yellowish; cream; creamy; orange; tawny;
❖ 1.The basic concepts and definitions: The denotation of a word is its bare dictionary definition or its literal meaning; in other words, the denotative meaning of a word is gained from dictionary.
常用“大词”与“小词” 之表示滑行的动作
❖ glide; slide; snake; worm; coast; glissade; move smoothly; skate; ski; skid; skim; slip; cruise; sail; drift; aquaplane; slither; toboggan; squirm; wriggle; writhe; go/move out of control; plane; move lightly; float;
❖ Blue: navy; royal blue; sky-blue; pale-blue; azure; aquamarine; cerulean; cobalt; indigo; sapphire; ultramarine
❖ Brown: beige; bronze; chocolate; tan; buff; chestnut; dun; fawn; khaki; ochre; russet; sepia; terracotta; umber;
Conclusion: To accurately use a word connotatively, a writer must be aware of its denotative meaning and connotative meaning.
Denotation:本义，指称意义，词典意义，字面意义
13.1.2. Concrete and Abstract Words General and Specific Words
❖ 1. To know the basic definitions and concepts ❖ 1.1.Concrete word (实体词) ❖ 1.2.Abstract word (抽象词) ❖ 1.3. General word (大词，上义词) ❖ 1.4. Specific word (小词，下义词) ❖ 2. To disapprove of the widespread use of utility
We can avoid them by means of checking the dictionary for the definitions of words which you are not very comfortable and familiar with.
❖ The connotations of words may vary along a number of dimensions.
Specific Words
13.0. Introduction: Why to know about diction ?
❖ 1.The extreme significance of choosing the right words (i.e. diction ) in writing.
❖ 2.How to choose the right words The choice of words that a writer makes depends on the context: his purpose, his point of view, and his readers.
❖ Generally, Diction（措辞，用词，选词）can be defined as the choice of words which express the writer’s ideas and feelings exactly.
13.1. Using Exact Words
Using exact words in writing means selecting
Connotation: 引申义，比喻义，隐含意义，文化意义
Error Analysis
❖ Incorrect denotations(错用本义): it results either from confusion of similar referents( the things words refer to) or from confusion of similar words.
words with the proper denotations and connotations; it also implies careful use of abstract and concrete words and of general and specific words.
13.1.1. Denotation and connotation
❖ In scientific and technological writings, language should be exact and precise, selected to convey a specific meaning, designed to communicate information, not emotions.
常用“大词”与“小词” 之表示行为缓慢的动作
❖ stroll; walk; ramble; hike; roam; saunter; loiter; lounge about; amble; inch (along); creep; slip; steal; tiptoe; sneak; crawl; climb; plod; trudge; drag; shuffle; jog on (along)；traipse; tramp; trek; trudge; rove; dally; dawdle; hang back; linger; loaf
❖ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้Connotations may be conveyed by all parts of speech.
Improper and unintended connotations
❖ How to avoid improper and unintended connotations
Scientific and Technological Writing
The connotation includes all of the emotional overtones suggested by the word. That is to say, the connotative meaning is ultimately deduced from one’s experience. The connotations of a word are its implications, the meanings that the word suggests beyond its literal, dictionary meaning.
❖ White: milk-white; snowy; snow-white; ashen; whitish;
❖ Black: coal-black; jet-black; pitch-black; pitch-dark; blackish; ebony; inky; raven; sooty;
❖ Red: crimson; pink; rosy; ruby; scarlet; auburn; blood-red; brick-red; carmine; carroty; cerise; flame-coloured; magenta; maroon; roseate; vermilion; wine-coloured;
英语写作课件（4）
The Job and Target