Measuring the effectiveness of methods for evaluating noise jammers
[全]CPIM供应链资格考试题库含答案
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CPIM供应链资格考试题库含答案The question below is based on the following information: Which of the followingdistributions would be the central warehouse allocation of 120 units of inventory to districtwarehouses A, B, and C if the equal run-out method were used? Warehouse Daily usage On-hand inventoryA 10 60B 30 160C 20 14020 units to A, 60 units to B, 40 units to C20 units to A, 80 units to B, 20 units to C （√）100 units to A, 0 units to B, 20 units to C20 units to A, 53 units to B, 47 units to CA warehouse has 20,000 orders per year with an average of 10 line items per order. The warehouse experiences 800 backorders per year averaging 5 line items per backorder. What level of customer service is achieved when the percentage of line items shipped onschedule is used?96%97%98% （正确答案）99%Which of the following communicates in-transit inventories to a warehouse?Bill of distributionMaster scheduleOrder acknowledgment to warehouseDistribution requirements planning （√）Which of the following data is an input to distribution requirements planning?Location pointsOrder valueShipping schedulesInterplant demand （正确答案）Which of the following issues is most likely to lead to the use of a short-term, rather than long-term,forecasting process?How to respond to a competitor＇s test marketing of a new product （正确答案）How to configure the supply chain to support a new market segment Whether to outsource a capital-intensive subassembly process Whether to take a price-leadership or a product-differentiation posture Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on the length of the forecast horizon?Cumulative product lead timePurpose of the forecast （正确答案）Frequency of forecast revisionSize of forecast periodWhich of the following statements about both econometric models and market research is true?They can be used in place of adaptive smoothingThey are useful in aggregate planning （√）They are useful in forecasting at the stockkeeping unit levelThey are examples of intrinsic forecasting techniquesWhen quantitative data are being evaluated, a very small bias in a forecast can best be explained by which of the following statements? The absolute values of all forecast errors were approximately equal. The variability of forecast data was skewedA very small alpha factor was used.Positive forecast errors approximately offset negative forecast errors （√）The forecast tracking signal is the ratio of the:cumulative error to the MAD. （√）cumulative error to the forecastforecast to the MADstandard deviation to the MADA demand filter can best be used for which of the following purposes? To remove seasonal variability from forecast dataTo remove scrap loss from a work center historyTo adjust the alpha factorTo flag a large order （√）Elements calculated in the master scheduling process include allocations.time fences.service-parts forecastavailable-to-promise （√）Available-to-promise data facilitates the process ofinventory planningcapacity planningforecastingorder entry （正确选项）A bill of resources typically contains information about a product＇s inventory balanceskey work centers （√）production schedulecomplete list of componentsWhich of the following actions is best for a company to take when a 2-week plant shutdown for retooling is planned for the next year? Increase planned production （正确答案）Alter the strategic planIncrease material requirements planning safety-stock levels Decrease the planned sales level during the shutdownThe most effective way to cope with uncertainty of demand and to improve customer service is to reduce:lead times （正确答案）backlogssafety stockproduct optionsWhich of the following tools is used to accommodate forecast errors when developing the master production schedule?Planning time fenceFirm planned ordersSafety stock （√）Available-to-promiseIn an assemble-to-order environment, which of the following factors is most significant in determining which items should be master scheduled?Size of the forecast errorLength of the master schedule horizonNumber of levels in the bill of materialNumber of product options （正确答案）Rough-cut capacity planning is best used to:determine labor requirementsestablish order prioritiesassess the load on a work centerevaluate the master production schedule （正确选项）The question below is based on the following information: Which of the following weekly production rates best supports these criteria?In a repetitive manufacturing environment where a level production ratemust be maintained, the following customer backog must be satisfied with NO late shipment;Week Customer backlog qty1 782 683 904 585 56707880 （√）90Translation of a master production schedule directly into key resources results in a:bill of laborproduction schedulefinal assembly schedulerough-cut capacity plan （正确选项）Which of the following statements is true about items that appear on a final assembly schedule?They are used as input to the production planThey are released without regard for component availabilityThey are stated in terms of end items or customer orders （正确选项）They do not appear on a shipment scheduleIn a capacity-constrained situation, which of the following actions is best to take if marketing wants to increase production of a master schedule item?Increase production of the item, but do not make any other changes Increase production of the item, and decrease production of another item （√）Increase production of the item, and change the production planIf the item is within the demand time fence, let the computer make the changeautomaticallyIf the master production schedule is overstated, which of the following short-term actions is most appropriate?The demand time fence should be moved outLot sizes should be decreasedSafety stocks should be decreasedFirm planned orders should be rescheduled （正确答案）In an assemble-to-order environment, which of the following indicators is most appropriatefor measuring the effectiveness of the master scheduling process? Number of stockoutsCapacity utilizationCustomer order fill rate （正确答案）Aggregate inventoryProduction is being planned to emphasize the utilization of a critical and very expensivepiece of capital equipment. Which of the following production planning strategies should beused?ChaseLevel （√）Cost-basedCombinationSales and operations planning in a make-to-stock environment is concerned with projectingitem forecastsinventory （√）backlogbookingsWhich of the following forecasting methods is most appropriate for projecting demand for aproduct family?Single exponential smoothingPyramid （正确答案）FocusSimple averageThe greatest risk of aggregating product families at too high of a level for sales andoperations planning is that:it will be more difficult to reconcile the sales plans with the business plan imbalances between the demand plan and resources may not be visible （正确答案）the resource planning process will be more complicatedthe sales forecasts will not be as accurate for the larger product families In a make-to-order environment, if cumulative production exceeds cumulative demand,which of the following outcomes will result?Inventory will increaseThe backlog will increaseExcess capacity will existThe backlog will decrease （正确选项）Which of the following inputs to the demand planning phase of sales and operationsplanning typically is most important for a product line that is made to customer order?Statistical information about historical salesAn analysis of past forecast errorsInformation about planned pricing actionsSales force input about customer plans （√）A firm uses the level production planning approach to produce a product family to stock.Senior management has requested that the finished-goods inventory for the product familybe reduced by 18% over the sales and operations planning horizon. Which of the followingstatements best describes the relationship between total demand and total productionrequired for the product family over the planning horizon?There is not sufficient data to determine the relationshipTotal production required will be greater than total demandTotal production required and demand will be equalTotal production required will be less than total demand （正确选项）Which of the following processes typically is linked directly to the customer-order processing component of demand management for a firm that finishes and packages goods to customer order?Master scheduling （正确答案）Detailed material planningBusiness planningResource planningWhich of the following types of activities links the marketplace, sister plants, warehouses and distribution channels?Sales managForecast managementResource managementDemand management （正确答案）A company is transitioning from a make-to-stock production environment to a finish-to-order production environment. Which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur as a result of the transition? Forecasts will become more detailedPlanning or phantom bills of material will be created （正确答案）Less training will be required in the distribution centersInventory levels will be increasedThe production plan relates to a firm＇s financial planning because it is used to:calculate standard product costsdetermine variable costsproject payroll costsidentify future cash needs （√）The resource profile approach to rough-cut capacity planning is desirable in the manufacture of parts with lengthy lead times because the approach:uses detailed data about time standards for each product at the key resourcesassumes that all components are built in the same period as the end item considers the historical portion of the total plant time requiredtime phases labor requirements （正确选项）An outcome of top management＇s participation in sales and operations planning involves the:investigation of detailed trade-offs by top managementdefinition of trade-offs by top managementdelegation of trade-off resolutions to middle managementresolution of broad trade-offs by top management （√）Which of the following groups receives the LEAST benefit from extending the demand planning time fence in the master schedule? ManufacturingShippingCustomers （√）Production schedulingThe primary purpose of a pre-sales and operations planning meeting between representatives from different business functions is to: reconcile differences in recommendations （正确答案）discuss changes in demand for end itemsprepare recommendations for the demand planning phaseprepare recommendations for the supply planning phaseWhich of the following outcomes indicates the effectiveness of a master schedule?The number of product families is in the range of 5 to 15.The master schedule meets the target level of responsiveness. （正确选项）Customer service performance measures are reviewed regularly. Finance and accounting participate in the development of the master schedule.Identification of performance problems in providing a high line-item service ratio provides anopportunity to:address imbalances in the customer order miximprove order-promising information （√）redesign sales and marketing incentivesreduce customer-demanded delivery timeWhich of the following inputs is important to forecasts used in the sales and operations planning process?Customer plans （√）Inventory levelsCapacity constraintsSales quotasWhich of the following activities would enhance a customer relationship management program?Moving from a make-to-order strategy to a make-to-stock strategy Using an exponential smoothing forecastCollecting point-of-sale data （正确选项）Implementing an enterprise resources planning systemSince introducing distribution requirements planning, management at a company has had increased complaints from staff at satellite warehouses that the variances of local demandare being ignored, and they often are unable to meet demand. An effective response from management would be to:implement an ABC inventory management strategyincrease safety stock at the central warehouse of items that are repeatedly out of stockallow adjustments to the forecast based on input relating to local sales activity （正确选项）permit last-minute changes to the production scheduleWhich of the following objectives is a critical performance measurement in distribution network logistics?Increasing the service level （√）Increasing cash-to-cash cycle timeIncreasing inventory days of supplyDecreasing inventory turnoverIn a make-to-stock environment, which of the following factors is a key determinant of inventory levels necessary to support customer demand? Service level （正确选项）Capable-to-promiseAvailable-to-promiseService costsA single-level, centralized distribution network would be most appropriate for a firm whose products are:large, and with a long required delivery time （正确答案）large, expensive, and with a high level of demandheavy, inexpensive, and with a short required delivery timesmall, inexpensive, and distributed throughout the worldThe question below is based on the distribution center requirements shown below: How many units of product X should be planned to satisfy the demand for period 6?Lead time=2 periodsLot size=20SS=20PD Period1 2 3 4 5 6Forecast 40 10 30 60 50 80PAB 50 30 20 30 30Planned receipt 20 0 40 60Planned orders 40 6010080 （正确选项）6040Which of the following costs is most likely to decrease when the number of warehouses in a distribution network increases?Inventory costsPackaging costsTransportation costs （√）Handling costsWhich of the following criteria is used to determine safety stock in a distribution center?Seasonal index valueAlpha factor levelEconomic order quantityProbability of stocking out （正确选项）Which of the following items is required for making realistic customer promises?Feasible master schedules （√）Procedures for managing abnormal demandFinished-goods safety stockFinished-goods safety stockA firm manufactures four product families in a single facility using one production line for each product family. It has selected the hybrid approach to production planning and has specified that there will be no more than four changes in production rates per production line in a year. Resource planning will have to be performed for:each item when there is a change in the production rate for the family each production line for each month in the production planning horizon each product family and production line weeklyeach product family when there is a change in the production rate for the family （√）Which of the following considerations is most important when selecting forecasting software?Computational speedCost of data storageAbility to forecast over multiple planning horizons （正确选项）Ability to forecast capacity requirementsDuring which of the following process steps of sales and operations planning would resource planning be carried out?Demand planning phaseSupply planning phase （正确选项）Pre-sales and operations planning meetingExecutive sales and operations planning meetingWhich of the following functional objectives of a distribution system is most consistent with lower inventories?Low transportation costsFast deliveriesLow warehousing costs （√）High customer serviceThe primary outputs of the pre-sales and operations planning (S&OP) meeting are:decisions about and authorization of the planthe recommendations and agenda for the executive S&OP meeting （正确答案）a statistical forecast and field sales worksheeta capacity-constraints analysis and second-pass spreadsheetsWhen the overall distribution requirements planning system is structured to achieve a high level of customer service, the outcome generally will be:lower inventory levels and higher total costhigher inventory levels and lower total costlower inventory levels and lower total costhigher inventory levels and higher total cost （√）In which of the following environments does demand change from dependent to independent at the raw material level?Finish-to-orderMake-to-order （正确选项）Assemble-to-orderMake-to-stockThe question below is based on the following information: A company has chosen to execute a level production plan. What is the productionrate per period?Beginning inventory: 8 unitsDesired ending inventory: 0 unitInventory carrying cost: $5/unit/periodStockout cost: $25/unit/periodPeriod 1 2 3 4 5Forecast 100 125 120 95108 （正确选项）110112115From a management perspective, the choice of transportation mode and routing primarilywill affect the:manufacturing systemplanning horizonforecasted demandsafety stock level （正确选项）Key linkages managed by distribution requirements planning within the supply chain include links to:forecasted demand and material requirements planninglogistics systems and demand management （正确选项）customers onlyvendors onlyThe following question is based on the following information: In Period 1, the quantity that would be exploded to component parts is:Lead time=0 Lot size=20DTF=0 PDF=4On hand=10 SS=3Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Forecast 10 10 15 10 10 5 10 10 15Customer PO 5 2 1MPS 20 20 20581020 （正确答案）The following question is based on the following information: The master production schedule quantity that should be placed in Period 7 is: Lead time=0 Lot size=20DTF=0 PDF=4On hand=10 SS=3Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Forecast 10 10 15 10 10 5 10 10 15Customer PO 5 2 1MPS 20 20 20101320 （√）The question below is based on the following distribution requirements plan: Lead time is 1 week, lot size is 30, and safety stock is 0. Planned order releases would occur in which ofthe following sequences?Period 1 2 3 4 5 6Gross requirements 20 15 18 23 26 27Scheduled receipt 30PAB 12WK 3, 4, 6WK 2, 3, 5 （正确答案）WK 2, 3, 4WK 3, 4, 5The question below is based on the following production environment information: In which facility would product unit costs most likely be reduced through a setup reduction program?Facility A Facility B Facility C Facility DProduct volume High High Lower LowerProduct variety High Lower High LowerProduction LT Long Short Long ShortOperation/product Many Few Many FewProduction resources Many Many Few FewFacility AFacility BFacility C （正确选项）Facility DDistribution requirements planning would most directly interface with: material requirements planningMPS （√）CRPwarehouse facility planningA Canadian-based company has a long-term contract with a US-based supplier. The Canadian company has been experiencing short shipments and variations of the supply lead time with the US supplier for a few months. Which of the following is the mostappropriate action for the master production scheduler in this situation? Ask the purchasing manager to work with the supplier to improve their shippingquantity accuracy and lead time stabilityAsk the purchasing manager to terminate the contract with this supplier, and lookfor a better supplierApply safety stock and safety lead time while planning the master productionschedule.Apply safety lead time according to the target service level while planning themaster production schedule. （正确选项）Which of the following actions is part of the pre-sales and operations planning meeting?Developing an updated financial view of the business （正确选项）Authorizing spending changes for productionEnsuring the production plan considers all elements of demand Reviewing business performanceWhich of the following goals is the primary outcome of distribution requirements planning?Maintain an appropriate inventory level at all locations （正确答案）Accurately feed the gross requirements into the master production scheduleDecouple the distribution plan from the production planDeliver products in the quantities requested by the customerA company wanting to maintain a high level of customer service at the lowest inventory carrying cost should place safety stock in:customer＇s facilitiesa central warehouse （正确答案）central and field warehousesfield warehousesWhich of the following tradeoffs should be considered to improve the performance of a distribution network?Reduce cost but improve customer service by using full truckload or carloadshipmentsIncrease inventory turns but decrease costs by shipping more frequently Improve profit but decrease inventory by not scrapping obsolete productImprove fill rate but decrease inventory turns by adding safety stock （√）In the master scheduling process, customer orders are the only source of demand in periodsIn the master scheduling process, customer orders are the only source of demand inpwithin the item lead timebefore the demand time fence （正确答案）between the demand and planning time fencesWhich of the following actions would most likely lead to an achievable master production schedule?Committing to customer requested shipment datesLimiting changes in periods after the planning time fenceKeeping safety stock for key subassembliesMinimizing changes in periods before the demand time fence （正确选项）Sales has identified an opportunity to develop a new market for a product family and requested an increase in the production plan. Which of the following actions would be mostappropriate in this situation?The proposed change should be presented to top management for a decision. （正确选项）The production plans for other product families should be reduced. The sales and operations plan should be regThe request should be rejected.Capacity planning occurs at what stage of the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process?Demand planning phaseSupply planning phase （正确答案）Pre- SOP meetingExecutive SOP meetingWhich of the following would typically be a consideration in a distribution requirements planning (DRP) environment?How to monitor forecast error at central warehouseWhether to use safety lead time or safety stockWhere to carry safety stock （正确选项）Whether to aggregate distribution forecastsWhich process converts the sales and operations plan into gross labor hours, floor space, and machine hours?Resource planning （√）Rough cut capacity planningCapacity requirements planningFinite load planningUsing a trial and error approach is most effective in which of the following production planning strategies?LevelConstantChaseMixed （√）The primary task of demand management in an assemble-to-order environment is to define the:availability of inventory to meet the customer＇s ordercustomer＇s order in terms of product families.customer＇s order in terms of specific components and options. （正确答案）raw materials required to complete the customer＇s orderWhich of the following effects is likely to occur in a successful Collaborative Planning Forecasting and Replenishment implementation?Increased inventory turns （正确答案）Increased gross revenueIncreased cycle time to marketIncreased cost of componentsA tailor shop is shifting its main business from assemble-to-order to make-to-order. The customer order decoupling point will shift:from WIP to raw material （正确答案）from finished goods to WIPfrom raw material to WIPfrom WIP to suppliersThe most appropriate approach for developing forecasts for strategic business planning is:casual analysiscustomer inputsquantitative statistical methodseconomic growth models （正确选项）The question below is based on the following information: The mean absolute deviation for the above forecast is:Period Actual Forecast Error1 9 11 -22 11 8 33 12 8 44 8 9 -15 3 8 -553 （正确答案）-11A company manufactures at several plants around the world and uses a multi-echelon distribution network. Customer service levels in this situation would be highest when safety stock is stored at the:central and field warehouses （正确选项）factories and field warehousescentral warehousefactoriesIf actual production for an item is less than the master production schedule due to material shortages, the first step in resolving the problem should be to:overstate the production plan.reschedule the past due orders. （正确选项）move in the time fence.revise the rough-cut capacity planWhich of the following criteria is the most meaningful measure when evaluating the effectiveness of distribution systems in fulfilling customer needs?The level of inventoryPerformance to budgetCash-to-cash cycle timeOrder-fill rate （√）Which of the following considerations is valid when selecting a mode of transportation?Financial viability of the supplierTransit time consistency （√）Ownership of equipmentAge of equipmentJupiter Company produces 3,000 cars per month. It offers five different models with over 1,000 different model/option/color packages. Jupiter has established a collaborative relationship and electronic link with its supplier of door trim. Suppliers are given 5 days＇notice of requirements and are expected to deliver directly to the final assembly area in the actual sequence in which each specific car is to be assembled. Jupiter needs which of the following pieces of information from its supplier of door trim?Production planSales planAvailability of resources （正确选项）Bills of materialWhich of the following is an advantage of the focus forecasting technique?It uses qualitative forecasting methods.It evaluates multiple forecasting methods. （正确答案）It combines top-down and bottom-up forecasts.It gathers information from pools of experts.Which of the following is typically an output of the master scheduling process?Sales forecastsResource requirements plansInterplant demandsProjected available balances （正确答案）Which of the following factors should be considered when evaluating a master production schedule change?Capacity requirements planCritical ratio of planned ordersLoad for key work centers （正确答案）Bill of material accuracySales and Operation Planning＇s (S&OP) primary objective is:to reduce the forecast variance.to finalize the demand plan.to align operations with the business plan （正确选项）to create a long-term strategy.A forecasting method that responds slowly to changes in demand would be most appropriate when the historical demand pattern shows a major: random component （正确答案）trend componentcyclical componentseasonal componentWhich of the following techniques typically uses the bills of material for master schedule items in determining the capacity required?Bill of resourcesFinite forward schedulingAdvanced production scheduling (APS) （正确选项）Critical path method (CPM)The primary objective of distribution network design is to balance total distribution cost with which of the following factors?。
ITIL_Foundation_2014年认证考试题库(中英对照)
1.Which role is responsible for carrying out the activities of a process?下列哪个角色负责执行流程活动？A.Process owner过程所有者B.Change manager变更经理C.Service manager服务经理D.Process practitioner流程执行者答案：D2.Which process or function is responsible for monitoring activities and events in the IT infrastructure?在IT基础架构中下列哪个流程或职能是负责监控活动和事件的？A.Service level management服务级别管理B.IT operations management IT运营管理C.Capacity management能力管理D.Incident management事故管理答案：B3.Which of the following options is a hierarchy that is used in knowledge management?下列哪个选项是用于知识管理的一个层级？A.Wisdom-Information-Data–Knowledge智慧-信息-数据-知识B.Data-Information-Knowledge–Wisdom数据-信息-知识-智慧C.Knowledge-Wisdom-Information–Data知识-智慧-信息-数据rmation-Data-Knowledge–Wisdom信息-数据-知识-智慧答案：B4.At which stage of the service lifecycle should the processes necessary to operate a new service be defined?在服务生命周期中的哪个阶段来定义执行新服务的必要流程？A.Service design:Design the processes服务设计：设计流程B.Service strategy:Develop the offerings服务策略：开发产品C.Service transition:Plan and prepare for deployment服务转换：计划和准备部署D.Service operation:IT operations management服务执行：IT运维管理答案：A5.Why are public frameworks,such as ITIL,attractive when compared to proprietary knowledge?与专有知识相比，为什么公共框架较有吸引力，如ITIL？A.Proprietary knowledge may be difficult to adopt,replicate or transfer since it is often undocumented专有知识可能很难采用，复制或转移，因为它往往是无证B.Public frameworks are always cheaper to adopt采用公共框架总是更便宜C.Public frameworks are prescriptive and tell you exactly what to do公共框架是指令性的，并准确地告诉你该怎么做D.Proprietary knowledge has been tested in a wide range of environments专有知识已在各种环境中进行了测试答案：A6.Which of the following is an objective of business relationship management?下列哪项是企业关系管理的目的？A.To identify patterns of business activity确定业务活动的模式B.To ensure high levels of customer satisfaction为保证高水平的客户满意度C.To secure funding to manage the provision of services保障服务管理资金D.To ensure strategic plans for IT services exist为现有IT服务确保战略规划答案：B7.The design of IT services requires the effective and efficient use of"the four Ps".What are these four Ps? IT服务的设计要求有效地利用“四个P”。
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译安全工程专业英语Unit11. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for aparticular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。
2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field.这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。
3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ.尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。
写营销策划方案用英语怎么说
写营销策划方案用英语怎么说1. Executive SummaryThe purpose of this marketing strategy plan is to outline a comprehensive approach for reaching and engaging the target audience, while maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency of the marketing efforts. This plan will identify key marketing objectives, target audience profiles, competitive analysis, and actionable strategies to achieve desired outcomes.2. IntroductionThe introduction section will provide an overview of the company, including its history, products/services, and current positioning in the market. It will also highlight the importance of developing a strategic marketing plan for sustainable growth and long-term success.3. Marketing ObjectivesThis section will identify the specific marketing objectives that the plan aims to achieve. These objectives should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound). Examples of marketing objectives may include increasing brand awareness, generating leads, converting leads into sales, improving customer retention, or expanding into new markets.4. Target Audience AnalysisUnderstanding the target audience is crucial for designing effective marketing strategies. This section will provide a detailed analysis of the target audience, including demographic information, psychographic characteristics, needs, wants, purchasing behavior, and preferences. This analysis will help in tailoring marketing messages and activities that resonate with the audience.5. Competitive AnalysisAnalyzing the competitive landscape is essential to identify the strengths and weaknesses of competitors and capitalize on opportunities in the market. This section will provide a comprehensive analysis of key competitors, their products/services, pricing strategies, marketing tactics, and market share. It will also highlight the company's unique selling propositions and differentiators.6. Marketing StrategiesThis section will outline the marketing strategies that will be employed to achieve the defined marketing objectives. The strategies should be aligned with the target audience analysis and competitive analysis. Examples of marketing strategies may include contentmarketing, social media marketing, influencer partnerships, search engine optimization, email marketing, events, and traditional advertising.7. Tactics and Action PlanThis section will provide a detailed action plan for executing the marketing strategies. It will outline the specific tactics, implementation timeline, responsible team members, and budget allocation for each marketing activity. Clear and measurable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) should be defined to assess the effectiveness of each tactic.8. Marketing BudgetAllocating a realistic marketing budget is crucial for successful implementation of the marketing plan. This section will outline the budget for each marketing activity, including costs for creative development, media buying, technology platforms, marketing tools, and personnel. It is important to ensure that the budget aligns with the marketing objectives and expected outcomes.9. Measurement and EvaluationMeasuring and evaluating the success of the marketing strategies and tactics is essential for continuous improvement. This section will outline the metrics and methods that will be used to measure the effectiveness of each marketing activity. Regular monitoring and reporting will help in identifying areas of improvement and making data-driven decisions.10. ConclusionIn conclusion, this marketing strategy plan provides a comprehensive roadmap for achieving marketing objectives and maximizing the return on marketing investment. By understanding the target audience, analyzing the competition, and implementing effective strategies and tactics, the company can position itself for growth and success in the market. Note: The word count of this response is 604 words, which exceeds the minimum requirement of 600 words.。
英语作文评价维度
英语作文评价维度Title: Evaluation Dimensions。
Introduction:Evaluation is an important process in measuring the effectiveness and success of any project, program, or activity. It involves collecting and analyzing data to determine whether the goals and objectives have been met, and to identify areas for improvement. In this article, we will discuss some of the key evaluation dimensions that are commonly used in various fields.1. Relevance:Relevance refers to the extent to which the project, program, or activity is aligned with the needs andpriorities of the target audience. It is important to ensure that the goals and objectives are relevant to the needs and expectations of the stakeholders. This can beachieved by conducting needs assessments and engaging with the target audience in the planning and implementation stages.2. Effectiveness:Effectiveness measures the extent to which the project, program, or activity has achieved its intended outcomes and objectives. This can be assessed by comparing the actual results with the expected results, and by analyzing the factors that contributed to the success or failure of the project. It is important to use reliable and valid measures to evaluate effectiveness.3. Efficiency:Efficiency measures the extent to which the project, program, or activity has been implemented in a cost-effective and resource-efficient manner. This can be assessed by comparing the costs and resources used with the results achieved, and by identifying ways to optimize the use of resources.4. Impact:Impact measures the broader and long-term effects ofthe project, program, or activity on the target audienceand the community. This can be assessed by analyzing the changes in behavior, attitudes, and social norms, as wellas the economic, environmental, and social outcomes. It is important to use appropriate indicators and methods to evaluate impact.5. Sustainability:Sustainability measures the extent to which the project, program, or activity can be continued and maintained over time, and whether it has contributed to the development of the target audience and the community. This can be assessed by analyzing the factors that support or hinder sustainability, and by developing strategies to enhance sustainability.Conclusion:Evaluation is a critical component of any project, program, or activity, as it provides valuable feedback on the effectiveness, efficiency, and impact of the intervention. By using the appropriate evaluation dimensions, stakeholders can make informed decisions about the future direction of the project, program, or activity, and ensure that it meets the needs and expectations of the target audience.。
企业成本控制分析-餐饮业为例+英文翻译+毕业论文用
企业成本控制分析-餐饮业为例英文翻译毕业论文用成本控制成本控制,也被称为遏制成本或管理成本，一个广阔的成本管理技术,它的经济增长目标是降低成本提高企业效率。
企业使用的成本控制方法,监测，评价，并最终提升效率的具体领域，如部门、产品线.20世纪90年代的成本控制措施，受到了美国企业的首要关注。
一般而言，外包企业重组、撤资的外围活动，大规模裁员等成本控制战略被认为是升提升企业利润和维持企业竞争优势的需要.其目的往往是降低企业的生产成本,这样该企业给出的销售价格就比其竞争对手具更大的利润。
一些成本控制的支持者认为，这种战略的成本削减计划必须慎重，因为并非所有降低成本的方法，都会对企业产生有利的影响。
在20世纪90年代的一个显著的例子,首席执行官邓拉普，绰号“电锯阿尔”，尽管他大幅降低企业的生产成本,但他领导的小器具制造公司依旧未能盈利。
邓拉普解雇了成千上万的工人和出售企业的业务,在他担任CEO两年内贡献不大，公司的竞争地位和股票的价格大幅下滑。
因此，在1998年公司董事会解雇了邓拉普,对他“成本控制一招”的管理方法失去了信心。
成本控制是一个持续的过程,与拟议的年度预算配合使用。
该预算有助于：（1）组织、协调生产和销售、服务和管理职能；（2）采取最大程度地利用现有的机会。
根据财政历年的进步形式，将预算与实际结果作比，生成新的计划和经验教训，用以评价目前的行动.控制是指通过管理层的努力来影响个人的行为，由谁负责执行任务，承担成本，并获得收入. 管理是一个过程，将其分为两个阶段：规划是指管理计划的方式,希望人们人们能够执行的程序，而控制是指受雇于这些计划的程序是否符合实际表现。
通过预算过程管理和会计控制、建立全面的公司目标,明确责任中心，确定各责任中心的具体目标,设计的程序和标准报到和评价。
一个分部的业务纳入预算的组成部分,由责任方控制的。
责任中心适用于组织单位和职能部门。
通常一个人单独负责的责任中心更具实质性，如果控制活动不彻底，中心控制的人在活动过程中，难以得到预期的活动结果。
产品推广英文范文
产品推广英文范文Title: A Comprehensive Guide to Product PromotionIntroduction:Product promotion plays a vital role in the success of any business. It involves various strategies and techniques aimed at increasing product awareness, attracting customers, and driving sales. This article provides a comprehensive guide to product promotion, covering five major points: understanding the target audience, creating compelling marketing messages, utilizing various marketing channels, leveraging social media platforms, and measuring the effectiveness of promotion efforts.Body:1. Understanding the Target Audience:1.1 Identifying the target market: Thoroughly research and analyze the market to determine the specific demographic, psychographic, and behavioral characteristics of the target audience.1.2 Segmenting the audience: Divide the target market into smaller segments based on common traits, preferences, and needs, enabling more personalized and effective promotional campaigns.1.3 Conducting market research: Utilize surveys, focus groups, and customer feedback to gain insights into the target audience's preferences, expectations, and pain points.2. Creating Compelling Marketing Messages:2.1 Defining unique selling propositions (USPs): Identify the key features and benefits of the product that differentiate it from competitors, and emphasize these points in promotional materials.2.2 Crafting persuasive content: Develop engaging and persuasive marketing messages that clearly communicate the value proposition and address the target audience's needs and desires.2.3 Utilizing emotional appeals: Connect with customers on an emotional level by highlighting how the product can solve their problems, improve their lives, or fulfill their aspirations.3. Utilizing Various Marketing Channels:3.1 Traditional advertising: Explore traditional channels such as television, radio, print media, and outdoor advertising to reach a broad audience.3.2 Digital marketing: Utilize online platforms, including websites, search engine optimization (SEO), pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, and email marketing, to target specific audiences and drive traffic to the product.3.3 Influencer marketing: Collaborate with influencers or industry experts who havea significant following and credibility to promote the product to their audience.4. Leveraging Social Media Platforms:4.1 Choosing the right platforms: Identify the social media platforms where the target audience is most active and create a strong presence on those platforms.4.2 Engaging content creation: Develop visually appealing and relevant content, including images, videos, and infographics, to capture the attention of social media users and encourage sharing.4.3 Building a community: Foster a sense of community by actively engaging with followers, responding to comments and messages, and encouraging user-generated content.5. Measuring the Effectiveness of Promotion Efforts:5.1 Setting measurable goals: Establish specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals to evaluate the success of promotional activities.5.2 Tracking key performance indicators (KPIs): Monitor KPIs such as website traffic, conversion rates, social media engagement, and customer feedback to assess the impact of promotional efforts.5.3 Making data-driven decisions: Analyze the collected data to identify trends, strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement, and adjust promotional strategies accordingly.Conclusion:Effective product promotion requires a deep understanding of the target audience, compelling marketing messages, utilization of various marketing channels, leveraging social media platforms, and continuous measurement of promotion efforts. By implementing these strategies, businesses can enhance their brand visibility, attract new customers, and drive sales, ultimately achieving their promotional objectives.。
看得见儿童 找得到的课程阅读计划
看得见儿童找得到的课程阅读计划英文回答：Visible Child, Findable Curricula Reading Plan.Introduction.This reading plan aims to provide an overview of the "Visible Child, Findable Curricula" framework developed by librarians at the University of California, Irvine. This framework offers a practical approach to improving the discoverability and accessibility of library resources for children and the educators who work with them.Chapter 1: The Visible Child Framework.This chapter introduces the Visible Child Framework and its four core principles:Make resources easy to find: Ensure that children caneasily locate materials they need for their learning and research.Make resources relevant: Choose materials that align with children's interests, abilities, and experiences.Make resources accessible: Remove barriers that may prevent children from using library resources.Make resources engaging: Provide materials andactivities that actively involve children in their learning.Chapter 2: Implementing the Visible Child Framework.This chapter provides practical guidance on how toapply the Visible Child Framework in libraries. Topics covered include:Creating a child-centered collection: Selecting and organizing materials that meet children's needs.Using metadata effectively: Enhancing thediscoverability of resources through effective metadata tagging.Providing equitable access for all children: Addressing barriers that may prevent certain children from accessing library services.Engaging children through programming and activities: Offering programs and activities that make learning fun and accessible.Chapter 3: Assessment and Evaluation.This chapter discusses methods for assessing the effectiveness of Visible Child implementation. It covers:Evaluating the visibility of resources: Measuring the extent to which library resources are discoverable and accessible to children.Assessing the relevance of resources: Determining how well materials align with children's interests and needs.Evaluating the accessibility of resources: Identifying and addressing barriers that may prevent children from using library services.Measuring the impact of programming: Assessing the effectiveness of programs and activities in engaging children in learning.Chapter 4: The Findable Curricula Framework.This chapter introduces the Findable Curricula Framework, which builds upon the Visible Child Framework.It focuses on ensuring that library resources are discoverable and accessible not only by children but also by the educators who support them.Making curricula visible for children: Providing educators with tools and strategies to help children locate and use library resources.Making curricula discoverable for educators: Creatinga central repository of educational resources that educators can easily search and find.Integrating curricula into library services: Collaborating with educators to embed library resources into the curriculum.Conclusion.The "Visible Child, Findable Curricula" framework provides a comprehensive approach to improving the discoverability, accessibility, and engagement of library resources for children and educators. By implementing this framework, libraries can foster a culture of learning and discovery that benefits children throughout their academic journeys.中文回答：看得见儿童，找得到的课程阅读计划。
心脏m型超声室壁运动幅度测量方法
心脏m型超声室壁运动幅度测量方法Assessing the amplitude of myocardial wall motion in the heart is crucial in diagnosing heart conditions and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. There are several methods for measuring myocardial wall motion, including echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and nuclear imaging techniques.在诊断心脏病症和评估治疗效果时，评估心脏心肌壁运动幅度至关重要。
测量心肌壁运动的方法包括超声心动图、心脏磁共振成像和核医学成像技术等。
Echocardiography, or cardiac ultrasound, is the most commonly used method for measuring myocardial wall motion. It uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the heart and analyzethe motion of the heart walls. By measuring the displacement of the heart wall at different time points, the amplitude of myocardial wall motion can be assessed.超声心动图是测量心肌壁运动最常用的方法。
它使用高频声波来生成心脏图像，分析心脏壁的运动情况，通过测量不同时间点心脏壁的位移来评估心肌壁运动幅度。
Cardiac MRI is another method to measure myocardial wall motion.It provides detailed images of the heart using a strong magnetic field and radio waves. By assessing the movement of heart walls in different phases of the cardiac cycle, physicians can determine the amplitude of myocardial wall motion.心脏磁共振成像是另一种测量心肌壁运动的方法。
出口后矢状径测量方法
出口后矢状径测量方法Measuring the sagittal diameter after evacuation is a critical step in assessing the effectiveness of treatment for conditions such as hemorrhoids or rectal prolapse. To accurately measure the sagittal diameter, it is important to use the proper technique to ensure reliable and consistent results. One of the commonly used methods for measuring the sagittal diameter after evacuation is the finger method. This method involves inserting a lubricated finger into the rectum to measure the distance between the opposing walls of the rectum.在排便后测量矢状径是评估治疗痔疮或直肠脱垂等疾病疗效的关键步骤。
为了准确测量矢状径，使用正确的技术是至关重要的，以确保可靠而一致的结果。
其中一种常用的测量排便后的矢状径方法是指法。
这种方法涉及将涂有润滑剂的手指插入直肠，测量直肠对立壁之间的距离。
The finger method is a simple and cost-effective technique that can be performed quickly and easily in a clinical setting. It allows healthcare providers to assess changes in the sagittal diameter before and after evacuation, providing valuable information aboutthe effectiveness of treatment. By using the finger method to measure the sagittal diameter, healthcare providers can monitor the progress of the patient's condition and make informed decisions about their ongoing care.指法是一种简单且经济有效的技术，可以在临床环境中快速轻松地进行。
关于调查的作文模板英语
关于调查的作文模板英语Title: An Essay Template on Survey。
Introduction。
Definition of survey。
Importance of conducting surveys。
Purpose of the essay。
Body。
I. Types of Surveys。
A. Questionnaires。
1. Definition。
2. Advantages。
3. Disadvantages。
B. Interviews。
1. Definition。
2. Advantages。
3. Disadvantages。
C. Observations。
1. Definition。
2. Advantages。
3. Disadvantages。
II. Steps in Conducting a Survey。
A. Define the objectives。
1. Setting clear goals。
2. Identifying the target audience。
B. Design the survey。
1. Choosing the appropriate method。
2. Developing the questions。
C. Data collection。
1. Implementing the survey。
2. Collecting and recording the data。
D. Data analysis。
1. Analyzing the results。
2. Drawing conclusions。
III. Benefits of Surveys。
A. Gathering information。
1. Understanding the needs and preferences of the target audience。
2. Identifying trends and patterns。
双能骨密度检查方法
双能骨密度检查方法Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), also known as bone densitometry, is the gold standard method for measuring bone mineral density. 双能X线吸收法（DXA），也被称为骨密度测量，是测量骨矿物密度的黄金标准方法。
It is a non-invasive and low-radiation technique that is widely used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess the risk of fracture. 它是一种非侵入性和低辐射技术，被广泛用于诊断骨质疏松症并评估骨折的风险。
DXA works by passing two X-ray beams with different energy levels through the bone and measuring the amount of each beam that is absorbed by the bone tissue. 双能X射线通过骨头并测量骨头吸收的辐射能量的量来使用两个不同能量级别的两束X射线。
The difference in absorption of the two beams allows for the calculation of bone mineral density. 两束辐射的吸收量的差异允许计算骨矿物密度。
In addition to measuring bone mineral density, DXA can also provide valuable information about body composition, including lean mass and fat mass. 除了测量骨矿物密度，DXA还可以提供有关体成分的宝贵信息，包括肌肉量和脂肪量。
磨砂颗粒摩擦系数测试方法
磨砂颗粒摩擦系数测试方法Friction coefficient testing of abrasive particles is a crucial process in various industries, as it determines the effectiveness of products such as sandpaper, grinding wheels, and polishing compounds. This testing method involves measuring the resistance to motion between the abrasive particles and the surface material.磨砂颗粒的摩擦系数测试是各行各业中的一个关键过程，它决定了产品的有效性，如砂纸、砂轮和抛光化合物。
这种测试方法涉及测量磨砂颗粒与表面材料之间的运动阻力。
One important aspect of the friction coefficient testing method is the choice of abrasive particles to be used. The size, shape, and material composition of the abrasive particles can significantly impact the results of the test. It is essential to select abrasive particles that are representative of the intended application to ensure accurate and reliable testing.摩擦系数测试方法的一个重要方面是选择要使用的磨砂颗粒。
磨砂颗粒的大小、形状和材料组成可以显著影响测试结果。
顾客英文作文句子素材
顾客英文作文句子素材英文回答：1. Customer service is the provision of support to customers after a purchase.Customers are the backbone of any business, and providing them with excellent customer service is essential for building long-term relationships and driving repeat business. A positive customer experience can lead to increased customer loyalty, positive word-of-mouth, and increased sales.2. There are many different ways to provide excellent customer service.Some of the most common methods include:Providing prompt and courteous responses to customer inquiries.Going the extra mile to resolve customer issues.Providing personalized service that meets the individual needs of each customer.Using a variety of communication channels to reach customers, such as phone, email, and social media.Empowering customer service representatives to make decisions and take action on behalf of customers.3. Excellent customer service can lead to a number of benefits for businesses.These benefits include:Increased customer satisfaction.Increased customer loyalty.Increased positive word-of-mouth.Increased sales.Reduced customer churn.4. There are a number of challenges that businesses face when providing excellent customer service.Some of the most common challenges include:Meeting the expectations of customers who are increasingly demanding.Dealing with difficult customers.Providing consistent service across all channels.Measuring the effectiveness of customer service efforts.5. Businesses can overcome these challenges by investing in customer service training, empoweringemployees, and using technology to improve efficiency.By investing in customer service training, businesses can ensure that their employees have the skills and knowledge they need to provide excellent service. Empowering employees gives them the authority to make decisions and take action on behalf of customers, which can lead to faster and more effective problem resolution. Using technology can help businesses improve efficiency and provide a more consistent customer experience across all channels.中文回答：1. 客户服务是在顾客购买后给予他们的支持。
评估指南中关于评价的内容
评估指南中关于评价的内容英文回答：Evaluation guidelines provide a framework for assessing and measuring the effectiveness and quality of something, such as a product, service, or performance. These guidelines typically outline the criteria and standardsthat should be used to evaluate the subject.In the context of evaluating content, such as articles or essays, the evaluation guidelines may include the following aspects:1. Clarity and coherence: The content should be clear and well-structured, with a logical flow of ideas. This means that the writer should effectively communicate their message and ensure that the reader can easily follow the main points.For example, in an essay evaluating a movie, theguidelines may expect the writer to present a clear thesis statement and provide supporting evidence in a coherent manner.2. Accuracy and reliability: The content should be accurate and reliable, based on credible sources andfactual information. This means that the writer shouldavoid making false claims or presenting biased opinions without proper evidence.For instance, in evaluating a scientific research paper, the guidelines may require the writer to assess theaccuracy of the data and the reliability of the sources cited.3. Relevance and significance: The content should be relevant to the topic or subject being evaluated and demonstrate its significance. This means that the writer should address the main points and provide relevant examples or evidence to support their evaluation.For example, in evaluating a book, the guidelines mayexpect the writer to analyze the relevance of the themes and characters to the overall message of the story.4. Language and style: The content should be well-written, with appropriate language and style for the intended audience. This means that the writer should use proper grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure to effectively convey their evaluation.For instance, in evaluating a restaurant, the guidelines may require the writer to use descriptive language and engaging style to describe the ambiance, service, and food.中文回答：评估指南提供了评估和衡量某物的有效性和质量的框架，例如产品、服务或表演。
次氯酸钠溶液中游离碱含量的测定方法与流程
次氯酸钠溶液中游离碱含量的测定方法与流程下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
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推广计划的英语作文
推广计划的英语作文Title: Effective Promotion Strategy。
In today's competitive business environment, crafting an effective promotion strategy is crucial for the success of any product or service. A well-thought-out promotion plan can help businesses reach their target audience, increase brand awareness, and ultimately boost sales. In this essay, we will discuss the key components of a successful promotion strategy and how to implement them effectively.First and foremost, understanding the target audience is essential in devising a promotion plan. Businesses need to conduct thorough market research to identify theirtarget demographic, including their preferences, needs, and behaviors. This information forms the foundation of the promotion strategy, enabling businesses to tailor their messaging and tactics to resonate with the intended audience.Once the target audience is identified, businesses can determine the most appropriate promotion channels to reach them. These channels may include traditional methods such as television, radio, and print advertising, as well as digital channels like social media, email marketing, and search engine optimization (SEO). The key is to select channels that align with the preferences and habits of the target audience, maximizing the reach and effectiveness of the promotion efforts.In addition to choosing the right channels, the timing of promotions is also critical. Businesses should consider factors such as seasonality, holidays, and industry events when planning their promotional activities. By timing promotions strategically, businesses can capitalize on peak periods of consumer demand and stand out in a crowded marketplace.Furthermore, offering incentives and discounts can incentivize consumers to engage with the promotion and make a purchase. Whether it's a limited-time offer, a buy-one-get-one-free deal, or a loyalty rewards program, providing value to customers can motivate them to take action and convert their interest into sales. However, it's essential to strike a balance between offering attractive incentives and maintaining profitability for the business.Moreover, leveraging the power of storytelling can make promotions more compelling and memorable for consumers. Instead of simply promoting features and benefits, businesses can create narratives that resonate with their target audience on an emotional level. Whether it's highlighting the brand's values, showcasing customer testimonials, or telling a relatable story, storytelling adds depth and authenticity to promotions, fostering stronger connections with consumers.In addition to external promotions aimed at attracting new customers, businesses should also focus on retaining existing customers through loyalty programs and personalized marketing initiatives. Building long-term relationships with customers not only increases customer lifetime value but also generates positive word-of-mouthreferrals, further amplifying the impact of promotions.Finally, measuring the effectiveness of promotions is crucial for evaluating ROI and refining future strategies. By tracking key metrics such as sales conversions, website traffic, and social media engagement, businesses can assess the success of their promotion efforts and identify areas for improvement. Continuous optimization based on data-driven insights ensures that promotion strategies remain relevant and impactful in an ever-evolving marketplace.In conclusion, a well-executed promotion strategy is essential for driving awareness, engagement, and sales for businesses. By understanding the target audience, selecting the right channels, timing promotions effectively, offering incentives, storytelling, nurturing customer relationships, and measuring performance, businesses can maximize the impact of their promotion efforts and achieve their marketing objectives.。
衡量企业的社会责任成效【外文翻译】
本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文：Measuring the effectiveness of Corporate Social ResponsibilityYou're a PR counselor, and your organization has embarked on a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) effort to improve literacy in a community where you operate manufacturing facilities.After a year of sinking resources into the effort, you find that most community members still seem to be unaware of it. And the literacy program isn't even a part of the conversation when your organization is mentioned in the local media or at city council meetings. Now, due to the apparent lack of awareness about the program and the high cost of maintenance, management is questioning whether it should continue. Realizing valueToday, more organizations recognize the importance of practicing CSR. Genuine social responsibility focuses on how the organization benefits society. CSR can help provide solutions to social problems, build healthier economies and maintain sustainable environments.But CSR is also proving to benefit companies. The most commonly identified corporate advantages include maintaining and improving reputation or brand image, government relations, brand differentiation, customer loyalty and employee recruitment and retention.“There is a mind-shift going on regarding CSR. Companies are moving from regarding it as a 'nice-to-do' to viewing it as a way to create value for business,”says Chris Pinney, director of research and policy at the Center for Corporate Citizenship, Carroll School of Management at Boston College.A 2009 McKinsey Study conducted in cooperation with the Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship found that the majority of CFOs and investment professionals surveyed agree that respondents environmental, social and governanceactions create value for shareholders in normal economic dines. The respondents also believe that the two most important ways that these efforts create value are by maintaining a good corporate reputation or brand equity and by attracting, motivating and retaining talented employees.To realize these benefits, however, a company's CSR efforts must be recognized, understood and accepted by the stakeholders who give companies the franchise (or community consent) to do business. One often-overlooked aspect of CSR is the importance of measuring those efforts to evaluate if they are making an impact. If they are, then organizations must share those results to build support and "earn credit" with key stakeholders.Sharing without showboatingOften, companies don't get credit for good corporate citizenship because they simply don't communicate their efforts effectively or because they are concerned that talking about them will be viewed as self-aggrandizement. "It is, indeed, a thin line between communicating about the good you’re doing and b oasting about the self-serving programs you are doing to try to look better to key stakeholders," says John Gilfeather, president, Gilfeather and Associates."A lot of this distress occurs because many CSR programs are not organic. They are done 'over there' by 'those people,' but are not central to the operation of the business, "he says." Even if a lot of money is spent, there is no focus and no passion."Robert Grupp, president and CEO of the Institute for Public Relations, agrees."It's a matter of definition and focus. If you don't have that management commitment, there can be a mismatch between community expectations and what you do in CSR," he says. "If those two things aren't aligned, then measurement of CSR efforts becomes difficult and inaccurate."Effective CSR must be a management function. Using an up-front assessment of stakeholder opinions, management must set business imperatives that all employees are prepared to meet.Developing CSR goalsDisagreement in stakeholder and company expectations is often a factor oforganizations being responsive rather than proactive. It is easy to fall into this rut, as socially responsible companies are often praised for their rapid response to problems, complaints and community concerns.According to Robert Heath, professor emeritus of communication at the University of Houston, the problem is that responsive often means reactive."Companies have to be more proactive. In fact, they have to go beyond being proactive to being reflective," Heath says. "They have to imagine the direction in which the world is moving, build that into their strategic planning, announce these plans as goals and celebrate them as achievements."When CSR efforts are integrated into the organization, rather than only addressing a particular problem, they are more effective, have greater staying power and are easier to monitor and measure over time.Pinney emphasizes the importance of developing CSR goals in areas where your organization can truly make an impact, saying, "When you pick an area to focus on, choose a market defined enough so that you can measure your own impact versus others impact. While larger-scale CSR efforts—such as supporting national or international nonprofits—are also important, companies have to...measure the particular social return on their own efforts."Some organizations, particularly smaller or local ones, may worry about their ability to sustain CSR in the midst of an economic downturn. However, practicing good CSR—and getting credit—is possible even in tough times. It's often a matter of understanding what you do well.For example, Pinney notes that large companies have maintained their budgets for CSR initiatives during the economic downturn. "The stuff that was 'fluff' disappeared, but the substantial stuff stayed, "he says.Many smaller businesses, though, have had more challenges maintaining this level of resources, though they have worked hard to keep local people employed. "A small company in this position might start developing its CSR approach by focusing on employees—a key pillar of CSR— and how the company adds economic value to the community," Pinney says.Heath suggests these basic questions for organizations to ask themselves when considering their CSR efforts. The answers can provide a starting point for what to measure and monitor:Do your customers know you are doing this?If so, are they saying positive things?Is the community glad you are there?Is your presence in the community a spark for local business?Determining what to measureWhy is it so daunting to measure CSR efforts? In some cases, CSR measurements are ineffective because they either don't measure the right things or don't address issues that are important to stakeholders."We often go immediately to the outputs—to measure how much we're doing. But it s important to begin by benchmarking the expectations of the community in which you do business," Grupp says. "This is viral because sometimes that exercise reveals that the community s needs, and its view of what constitutes CSR, are very different from the organization's."For example, this disconnect in expectations can occur when a company begins an activity—such as drilling, laying pipelines or developing land—that has potential environmental implications for the community. The company might automatically assume that the public will not support the project, and so the organization adopts a defensive posture and braces itself for a long, drawn-out conflict with local residents.However, abandoning the project might not be the public's expectation at all. In fact, the community may be willing to accept the activity as long as it is convinced that the company exercises good environmental practices, operates equipment safely and treats employees fairly. If the company complies with these expectations, then it can focus on articulating its practices to the community.A recent report from The Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy, an international network of CEOs promoting positive change through corporate giving, suggests some questions to ask when developing, assessing and measuring the value of corporate philanthropy programs. These questions can be more broadlyextrapolated to overall CSR efforts:• How does the contribution achieve the intended results?• How do you measure the retur n on the social investment?• How do you measure the business benefits?• How do you measure the value of philanthropy to investors?• How do you attract responsible investors?When it comes to measuring the actual impact of your CSR efforts on society, the most common methods are measuring inputs (money, resources, service hours), activities (food drive, volunteer day) and outputs (number of cans of food, homes built, equipment donated, etc.).The outcomes and impact of these efforts are not often measured, though. How have these efforts actually reduced illiteracy, poverty or amount of disease? These are the most important questions and they require a long-term commitment to social problems rather than a one off donation or a response to a short-term community obligation.Communicating your CSROnce community expectations and CSR objectives have been established, PR professionals must help their organizations select die right measurement tools. One set of tools to consider is social media, which often provides an early glimpse into what stakeholders are saying about your organization.K.C. Brown, senior vice president, head of analysis at Cision, notes that social media can be especially helpful in steady communications about CSR progress, as opposed to sharing only through traditional and infrequent channels such as annual meetings or corporate CSR reports."Corporations tend to think about things in terms of, 'Did we win the championship?' However, to continue the sports analogy, fans don't care only about the championship —it's the season that matters. So, learn to report CSR efforts game-by-game," he says.Regular reports give organizations an opportunity to share where they fell short (and explain what they're doing to address it) and to share what they did well.It's also important for organizations to develop their own social media tools and invite people into those conversations. Consider posting a YouTube video about how you are fulfilling a promise to the community. Invite management to blog about the organization s CSR objectives. Post your company values and CSR goals on your website. Post an interactive CSR report, and invite comments and feedback. Above all, says Brown. "Listen to the responses. If you think what you're hearing is unreasonable, state what you think is reasonable. If there's pushback, it may be time to revisit your position."When it comes to communicating CSR, the role of the PR professional is changing. While the corporate communications person was once supposed to simply bring the company's message to the public, that s no longer enough. Companies who fail to listen to stakeholders do so at their peril. Says Pinney, "Nowadays, the most important role of the PR professional is to be the 'messenger in' rather than the 'messenger out.' You're no longer just a PR person—you're an intelligence person; a knowledge broker."CSR must focus on employees firstCorporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives should focus on employees first, says organizational communication scholar Steve May in a report supported a grant from The Arthur W Page Center for Integrity' in Public Communication at Penn State University. He argues that corporations should first focus on initiatives that help traditionally overlooked stakeholders — their own employees."If strategic CSR is to have any long-term benefit for society, attention must first be turned to corporate employees th emselves,”he says. "If the corporation has not been able to attend to its own employees, how can it be expected to address the social needs of diverse sets of stakeholders with a range of divergent interests?" PR people, he notes, understand this first-hand.Transparency in policies, procedures, mission statements and governance also is important. "Examples of 'being the last to know' are not rampant in the profession just by accident." notes May. "As a result，public relations is ideally situated to clarify how a lack of internal transparency necessarily negates external transparency as well."Corporate leaders should set the tone that CSR is a core business practice rather than a marketing strategy. "For public relations，" May says, "the key is to move away from 'managing' stakeholders to engaging them, beginning with employees."Corporate social responsibility programs are increasingly seen as an integral part of delivering business prosperity and sustainable economic growth. Companies involved in Corporate social responsibility report benefits to reputation and the bottom line and they can attract and retain high quality and motivated staff. Engaging in Corporate social responsibility develops employee loyalty, creates corporate culture and provides new communication channels between employees and management.Source:Susan Balcom Walton,Brad Rawlins,2010 “Do the right thing: Mea suring the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility”. TACTICS, July,pp.10-11.译文：衡量企业的社会责任成效你是一个公关顾问，你的组织在经营生产设施时通过承担企业社会责任（CSR）努力提高所在社区的文化。
评估报告 英文
评估报告英文Evaluation ReportAn evaluation report is a document that outlines the results of an assessment or analysis. Typically, evaluation reports are generated in response to a specific question or set of questions. They can be used to measure the effectiveness of a program, process, or activity, as well as identify areas for improvement.There are several key components of an evaluation report, including objectives, methodologies, findings, and recommendations. The objectives of the evaluation should be clearly stated at the beginning of the report. They should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. The methodologies used to conduct the evaluation should also be described, including any data collection techniques, sampling methods, and analysis tools.The findings section of the report should provide a detailed overview of the results of the evaluation. This may include statistical analysis, qualitative data, and other key insights. It is important to present the findings in a clear and concise manner and to reference any sources or data sets used.Finally, the recommendations section of the report should outline any suggested actions or changes based on the evaluation findings. These recommendations should be specific and actionable, and should address any issues or areas for improvement identified during the evaluation process.Evaluation reports are commonly used across a variety of industries and sectors, including education, healthcare, government, and business. They can be used to evaluate everything from educational programs to new product launches. Regardless of the specific application, all evaluation reports should be objective, data-driven, and focused on continuous improvement.In conclusion, evaluation reports play a critical role in measuring the effectiveness of programs, processes, and activities. By providing objective insights and actionable recommendations, these reports help organizations identify areas for improvement and drive continuous growth and development. To be effective, evaluation reports must be well-structured, data-driven, and focused on delivering practical recommendations for improvement.。
旅游营销策划方案范文英文
旅游营销策划方案范文英文1. Executive SummaryThe purpose of this tourism marketing plan is to outline a comprehensive strategy for promoting a particular tourist destination. The plan will focus on identifying target markets, creating promotional campaigns, utilizing digital marketing tools, developing partnerships with travel agencies, and measuring the effectiveness of the marketing activities. The objective is to increase visitor numbers, generate economic growth, and enhance the reputation of the chosen destination.2. IntroductionTourism is a critical industry that contributes to the economic development of many countries and regions. In recent years, the competition in the tourism industry has become fierce, with many destinations vying for the attention of potential travelers. In order to stand out from the competition, this marketing plan aims to provide a high-quality, unique experience for tourists and effectively promote the destination.3. Market Analysis3.1 Target MarketsIt is essential to identify the target markets before formulating marketing strategies. The chosen destination will appeal to a wide range of tourists, including:- Adventure seekers: Travelers seeking adrenaline-pumping activities such as hiking, paragliding, and white-water rafting.- Nature enthusiasts: People who appreciate the beauty of nature and are interested in activities like birdwatching, nature walks, and wildlife safaris.- Luxury travelers: Individuals who seek high-end, luxurious experiences, including spas, fine dining, and private tours.- Cultural explorers: Tourists interested in learning about the local culture, history, and traditions of the destination.- Family vacationers: Families looking for a destination with family-friendly attractions and activities.3.2 Competitive AnalysisThe competitive analysis is crucial to understanding the strengths and weaknesses of competing destinations. It is important to identify what sets the chosen destination apart and capitalize on those unique attributes to attract tourists. Some of the key competitors include:- Other destinations within the same country or region that offer similar attractions and activities.- International destinations that offer a different cultural and geographical experience but could potentially attract similar target markets.- Online travel agencies and platforms that provide travelers with various options and destination recommendations.4. Marketing Strategies4.1 BrandingDeveloping a strong destination brand is essential in attracting and retaining tourists. The brand should reflect the unique qualities and experiences offered by the destination. It should evoke emotions and create a memorable impression on potential travelers. The branding strategy should involve designing a visually appealing logo, creating a compelling tagline that captures the essence of the destination, and crafting a consistent message throughout all marketing materials.4.2 Promotional CampaignsPromotional campaigns are an effective way to create awareness and generate interest in the destination. These campaigns should be tailored to the specific target markets identified earlier. The campaigns can include a combination of traditional advertising methods, such as print and television ads, as well as digital marketing techniques, including social media campaigns, influencer marketing, and search engine optimization.4.3 Digital MarketingIn today's digital age, it is essential to have a strong online presence in order to reach a wider audience. The digital marketing strategy should include the creation and maintenance of a user-friendly website that showcases the destination's attractions, activities, and amenities. Additionally, social media platforms should be utilized to engage with potential tourists and promote the destination through visually appealing content, regular updates, and interaction with followers.4.4 Partnerships with Travel AgenciesCollaborating with travel agencies is an effective way to increase visibility and attract tourists to the destination. Establishing partnerships with travel agencies can lead to the inclusion of the destination in their tour packages and itineraries. The destination can provide incentives to travel agencies, such as discounted rates, special offers, and exclusive access to attractions or activities. Additionally, the destination can organize familiarization trips for travel agents to experience the destination firsthand and enhance their knowledge to better promote it.5. Implementation and Evaluation5.1 ImplementationThe implementation of the marketing strategies outlined in this plan should be carried out in a systematic and organized manner. A timeline should be developed to ensure that each strategy is executed in a timely manner. Clear roles and responsibilities should be assigned to members of the marketing team, and regular communication and coordination should be maintained to ensure effective implementation.5.2 EvaluationMeasuring the effectiveness of the marketing activities is crucial to refining and improving future strategies. Key performance indicators (KPIs) should be identified to assess the success of the promotional campaigns, digital marketing efforts, and partnerships with travel agencies. These KPIs can include website traffic, social media engagement, conversion rates, and customer feedback. Regular evaluations should be conducted to analyze the results and make necessary adjustments to optimize the marketing efforts.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, this tourism marketing plan provides a comprehensive strategy for promoting a specific tourist destination, with the aim of increasing visitor numbers, generating economic growth, and enhancing the reputation of the destination. By identifying target markets, creating promotional campaigns, utilizing digital marketing tools, developing partnerships with travel agencies, and measuring the effectiveness of the marketing activities, the plan seeks to position the destination as a top choice for travelers seeking unique experiences.。