ECBP Bamboo Project

The rustle of the bamboosCutting bamboo is a hot and tiring job and thousands of tiny silica hairs that guard the culms and leaves of the plant make handling fresh bamboo a very irritating and uncomfortable task. But the two men are unfazed by the hardship. This is their daily living and they are used to the labour. They hoist the last of the bundles of freshly cut bamboos onto two ponies and turn back to the village to sell their collection to the small factory that will turn the green stems into thousands pairs of chopsticks.When the men have passed, a family of Cabot’s tragopans creeps cautiously out of the undergrowth to scrabble among the crisp leaves and litter where the men have been working. They peck up the insects and worms disturbed by the large intruders’ activities then scurry on higher up the mountain to find virgin forest.Hundreds of species grow here from the giant tropical bamboos of the south, many fast growing thicket species in the sub-tropical zone and slender arrow bamboos growing as food for giant pandas on the moist sub-alpine mountains.Bamboos have a thousand uses. The tender shoots are used for food – fresh, cooked or fermented. The stronger stems are used as building materials, the smaller forms flattened and woven into sheets as walls and screens. Bamboo strips are used to make baskets and sleeping mats, many are shaped into a wide range of household tools and containers.Millions of km of bamboo stems act as gutters to carry water from hill streams to agricultural fields. The long fibres of the bamboo make it a great plant to make pulp and paper in the thousands of small factories that are so important to local industries across much of the country.Bamboo is also celebrated and admired in Chinese gardens, in Chinese art, sculptures, carvings and poems. Its simple lines, cool shade and the gentle rustling of its leaves in the breeze convey an instant sense of peace and well-being.Some species are rare. Some are special. Gardeners cherish the swollen nodules of the Buddha bamboo, the variegated colours of the striated bamboo or the knobby irregularity of the walking stick bamboo. But of all the bamboos in China it is the moso or mao bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens that holds the records for growth and productivity. The species has been recorded as growing up to 120 cm in a single day – rate unmatched by any other woody plant.竹声沙沙砍竹子又热又劳累，竹秆和竹叶上数以千计的细微毛发刺激皮肤使人非常不舒服。

但是，这两名男子并不畏惧。

这就是他们的生计，他们习以为常的活儿。

他们把砍到的竹子捆上两匹小马的背上，回村到小工厂去出售，这些竹子应能制成几千双筷子。

男人回去后，一群黄腹角雉小心翼翼从林下层试探着走出来，在男人们刚留下的竹叶和垃圾堆上啄食。

他们啄吃了昆虫和蠕虫，然后就疾走上山，去高处寻找原始森林了。

数百种竹子在此生长，从南方热带的巨人竹，到亚热带地区的许多快速成长的竹丛，以及亚高山湿润山区细长箭竹--大熊猫的食物。

竹有千百种用途。

嫩竹笋能做食物，有新鲜的、煮熟过的或发过酵的。

较强硬的竹茎用作建筑材料，较小的竹则用于编织，制作墙饰和屏风。

竹条可用于编制篮子和睡席，还可做成多种家庭常用的工具和容器。

人们用数百万公里的竹节做成水槽，把山上的水引入农田。

竹子的纤维长，因此竹子是打浆造纸的极佳材料。

全国就有千千万万的小型造纸工厂，这些对地方工企非常重要。

在中式园艺、雕塑艺术和古典诗词里，竹子也倍受欢迎与钦佩。

简单的线条、惬意的荫凉、轻软的竹叶在微风中沙沙作响，立刻就给人一派宁静与平和。

有些物种较罕见，有些比较特别。

园丁特别喜好竹节肿胀的佛竹，也喜爱色彩深浅不一有条纹的竹子或是凹凸不平可用于做手杖的竹子。

但是，中国所有的竹子种类中毛竹长速最快，产量最高。

有记录显示，毛竹一天就可长120厘米，这个速度是其它任何木本植物都无法攀比的。

monitoring mission amid the bamboo 检测组在竹林中 InbarProject Basic Information 项目基本情况Strategy 应对策略Bamboo harvesting in its various forms from plantation to cutting in natural forests is a widespread form of natural resource use in SW China. The harvesting, however, in many instances, results in damage to species, including Giant Panda and Red Panda, and to the ecosystem in general. The project aims to demonstrate the economic and conservation bene fits of maintaining mixed species stands, restricting harvest levels, and of implementing certi fication schemes for bamboo from sustainably managed forests. The project will combine work with bamboo harvesters at township level at pilot sites in Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan with policy and monitoring work at national level.In Hunan and Sichuan emphasis is put on applying ecologically more sustainable practices for managing a common economic species, whilst in Yunnan the emphasis is on preserving a rare local bamboo species by promoting a more sustainable harvesting strategy.竹子是中国西南部地区被广泛利用的一种自然资源，对其的利用形式多种多样，其中也包括了对天然林中竹子的采伐。

然而，对竹子资源不适当的采伐利用往往会对生活其中的某些物种（比如大熊猫和小熊猫）以及整个生态系统造成损害。

本项目旨在通过具体案例展示并说明维持竹类混交林系统、控制竹子资源采伐利用水平、以及对产自永续管理森林的竹制品实行认证制度等措施可能带来的保护和经济效益。

本项目还将把湖南、四川、云南省各县级示范地区竹林采伐者的保护和管理活动与中央层面相关的政策和监测工作结合起来，以期在更大范围内实现项目目标。

在湖南和四川，项目侧重在对竹子这一普通经济作物进行可持续的生态管理。

而在云南，项目则侧重提倡一种更可持续的战略性采收一种珍稀竹子品种。

Achievements and Accomplishments 业绩与成就The project has made an overall survey on biodiversity management related policies from national level (State Forestry Administration) down to village levels and analyzed the default of existing policies in a few national and provincial laws and regulations and insuf ficiency in implementing the policies at local levels.Based on the survey and analysis, the project has preliminarily compiled a set of recommendations (12 items) to improve the existing policies and technologies being used in the project areas, as well as in other provinces. Successful cases found have been consolidated and described in manuals and documents, have been made into recommended best practices, and have been the subject of study tours and visits.Four important Conservation Management Technologies (technical practices): application of organic fertilizers; application of chemical fertilizers into bamboo stumps; selective harvesting; and selective patch clearing techniques have been tested and demonstrated in the Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan sites. This technical demonstration work in field sites forms the foundation for developing technical guidelines and formulating policies and training materials. The sites and technical practices have been used for trainings of farmers, extension staff and local forestry bureau policymakers to introduce sustainable management practices and applicability. Farmers in the demonstration villages and surrounding villages accepted and are now using certain recommended conservation practices such as fertilizing in hollow stumps, and are aware of the biodiversity bene fits of reverting monoculture forests back to mixed forests.Awareness of bamboo sustainable management techniques amongst farmers and extension service staff (acting as trainers for local farmers ’ training) has been raised through project capacity building. The farmers ’ understanding of the importance of sustainable management of bamboo has been improved.The project has developed the recommended technical practices where biodiversity conservation is significantly empahsised. Through demonstration and advocacy of the recommended practices, the farmers are improving their biodiversity outcomes through regular management practices.项目从对从全国层面（国家林业局）到乡村一级的与生物多样性管理相关联的政策规章进行了全面审查，分析了国家级和省级现行法律法规的执行情况，以及地方一级执行不力的问题。