中南大学博士入学考试2352冶金环境工程学历年真题
中南大学博士生招生专业、方向、导师、考试科目
003 法学院（拟招生人数：11 人）
030100 法学（按一级学科招生） 方向：01 法学理论、02 宪法学与行政法学、03 民商法学、 04 经济法学、05 知识产权法、06 卫生法学、07 国际法学 导师：江必新、蒋建湘、谢晖、陈云良、颜运秋、何炼红、许 中缘、刘益灯、刘继虎、胡平仁、敖双红
005 中国村落文化研究中心（拟招生人数：2 人）
071007 遗传学 方向：01 遗传学 导师：夏家辉（院士） 、张灼华、夏昆、梁德生、邬玲仟、李 家大、刘春宇、马龙、黄石、段然慧、胡正茂、刘雄昊、夏赞 贤、陈永恒 071009 细胞生物学 方向：01 细胞生物学 导师：夏家辉（院士） 、张灼华、夏昆、梁德生、邬玲仟、李 家大、刘春宇、马龙、黄石、段然慧、胡正茂、刘雄昊、夏赞 贤、陈永恒、唐志文、项荣 071010 生物化学与分子生物学 方向：01 生物化学与分子生物学 导师：刘静、王军、朱曙东、何海伦
刘业翔院士邱定蕃院士北京矿冶研究总院张文海院士南昌设计院高从堦院士国家海洋局杭州水处理技术研究开发中心李劼柴立元杨天足李小斌李新海周康中国铝业郑州研究院肖劲赖延清刘晋杨建红中国铝业郑州研究院刘志宏李运姣周向阳杨声海曹佐英刘1881英语2351冶金原理或2233无机化学或2232物理化学或2353电化学3351冶金过程综合0806z1冶金环境工程3504方向
1002Z6 临床遗传学 方向：01 临床遗传学 导师：夏家辉（院士） 、邬玲仟、梁德生、张灼华、夏昆
（2501） ①1881 英语 ②2252 分子生物学或 2651 免疫学 或 2652 病理生理学或 2653 生理学或 2657 病理学③3816 神经病学或 3910 妇 产科学或 3814 儿科学或 3254 遗传学 （2502） ①1881 英语 ②2252 分子生物学 ③3254 遗传学 （2503） ①1881 英语 ②2252 分子生物学 ③3255 细胞生物学 （2504） ①1881 英语；②2251 细胞生物学； ③3252 分子生物学或 3253 生物化学 （2701） ①1881 英语； ②2251 细胞生物学或 2252 分子生物学；③3271 遗传与发育生物学 （2702） ①1881 英语； ②2251 细胞生物学或 2252 分子生物学；③3271 遗传与发育生物学 （2703） ①1881 英语； ②2251 细胞生物学或 2252 分子生物学；③3273 干细胞工程学 （2704） ①1881 英语 ②2251 细胞生物学或 2252 分子生物学 ③3274 人类生殖与生殖工程 （3101） ①1881 英语 ②2318 材料物理或 2315 金属学与材料 工艺学或 2312 X-射线衍射与电子显微 分析或 2221 固体物理或 2314 材料化学 ③3311 材料物理与化学综合
中南大学病理生理学2017年考博真题试卷
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
中南大学
2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理生理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释：(15*3分=45分) 1. condition
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2. anion gap, 3. dead space like ventilation 4. acute tubular necrosis 5. vasogenic shock 6. enterogenous cyanosis 7. molecular chaperone,unstable plaque 8. intestinal psendo-obsruction 9. bacterial translocation 10. dehydration fever 11. antithrombin III， 12. endogenous pyrogen,respiratory burst 13. caspase-activated endonuclease 14. 15. 二、简答题（5*6分=30分） 1. 急性期蛋白的生物学作用。 2. 低渗性脱水为什么容易发生休克。 3. 肥大心肌容易发生失代偿的原因。 4. DIC的诱因及其发病机制。 5. 内生致热源进入中枢的途径。 三、论述题（25分） 1. 氨中毒学说。（10分） 2. 烧伤病人早期和28天感染后的病理生理过程；以及导致该病理过程的主要发
病机制。（15分）
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中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Mid-South University PhD English Exam InstructionsPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.(1) The benefits of exercise on physical health arewell-documented, but recent studies have explored the connection between physical activity and mental health. Scientists have found that regular exercise can have a positive impact on mood, reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. One study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that individuals who engaged in at least 30 minutes of physical activity three times a week were less likely to report feelings of depression.(2) The reason behind this connection lies in the release of endorphins, chemicals in the brain that act as natural painkillers and mood elevators. Exercise has been shown to increase endorphin levels, leading to feelings of happiness and well-being.Additionally, physical activity can help decrease stress hormones in the body, further contributing to improved mental health.(3) In addition to the chemical changes that occur in the brain, exercise also provides individuals with a sense of accomplishment and control. Setting and achieving fitness goals can boost self-esteem and confidence, while the routine of exercise can provide structure and stability during challenging times.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. How does exercise benefit mental health?3. How do endorphins contribute to feelings of happiness?4. What role does setting and achieving fitness goals play in mental health?Part II: Essay WritingChoose one of the following topics and write an essay of at least 300 words.1. The importance of preserving the environment for future generations.2. The impact of technology on communication and relationships.3. The benefits of multiculturalism in society.Part III: Grammar and VocabularyComplete the following sentences with the correct verb tense or vocabulary word.1. I (to study) English for five years.2. The students (not, finish) their assignment yet.3. The new law (to take) effect next month.4. I can't find my keys. I think I (to lose) them.5. The restaurant has a great (variety/variation) of dishes on the menu.Good luck on your exam!篇2Unfortunately, I do not have access to specific exam questions such as the one you have requested. However, I can provide you with a general idea of what a typical Ph.D. English exam at Central South University might look like.The Ph.D. English exam at Central South University is designed to assess a candidate's proficiency in English and their ability to conduct academic research. The exam typically consists of several sections, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking.The listening section of the exam may involve listening to lectures or conversations and answering comprehension questions based on the material heard. This section is designed to test the candidate's ability to understand spoken English and their listening skills.The reading section of the exam often includes academic articles or passages related to the candidate's field of study. Candidates are required to read the material carefully and answer questions that test their comprehension and critical thinking skills.The writing section of the exam usually requires candidates to write an essay or a research paper on a given topic. This section assesses the candidate's ability to write clearly and coherently, as well as their ability to present and support arguments effectively.The speaking section of the exam typically involves aface-to-face interview with examiners. Candidates may be askedto discuss their research interests, present their findings, or respond to questions related to their field of study. This section tests the candidate's ability to communicate orally in English and to engage in academic discussions.Overall, the Ph.D. English exam at Central South University aims to evaluate a candidate's English language proficiency, academic writing skills, research abilities, and communication skills. Candidates who perform well on the exam demonstrate that they are capable of conducting research and communicating effectively in an academic setting.篇3The Ph.D. entrance exam for international students at Central South University (CSU) is a rigorous and comprehensive assessment of their English language proficiency, academic aptitude, and research potential. The exam is designed to evaluate the applicants' ability to understand and communicate in English, as well as their capacity to engage in advanced research and scholarly activities.The exam consists of three parts: reading comprehension, writing, and speaking. The reading comprehension section includes a series of passages on various topics, such as science,technology, social sciences, and humanities. Applicants are required to read the passages carefully and answer questions based on the content and context of the texts.In the writing section, applicants are asked to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time frame. The topics cover a wide range of disciplines and require critical thinking, analysis, and argumentation. The essays are evaluated based on the applicants' ability to develop ideas, present arguments coherently, and support their claims with evidence.The speaking section assesses the applicants' ability to communicate effectively in English. Applicants are required to participate in a conversation with the examiners, discuss a topic, and respond to questions. The examiners evaluate the applicants' fluency, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.Overall, the Ph.D. entrance exam at CSU is a challenging test that requires thorough preparation and a high level of proficiency in English. Applicants are advised to familiarize themselves with the exam format, practice reading, writing, and speaking in English, and seek feedback from teachers or language experts to improve their skills.In conclusion, the Ph.D. entrance exam for international students at Central South University is an important step in theadmissions process and a key determinant of the applicants' readiness for advanced study and research. Successful performance on the exam demonstrates the applicants' ability to succeed in the Ph.D. program and contribute to the academic community at CSU.。
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Southern University Doctoral English ExamSection A: Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.1. The project __________ a lot of time and effort, but it was worth it in the end.A. consumedB. reservedC. preservedD. delayed2. The new manager decided to __________ the company's policy on staff training.A. modifyB. adoptC. maintainD. disregard3. The team worked __________ to meet the deadline for the research paper.A. leisurelyB. swiftlyC. indiscriminatelyD. insincerely4. He has a __________ for finding solutions to complex problems.A. talentB. weaknessC. deficiencyD. disability5. The company's reputation was __________ damaged by the scandal.A. completelyB. slightlyC. moderatelyD. immenselySection B: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.The Rise of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we live and work. From virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa toself-driving cars and automated factories, AI is becoming increasingly integrated into our daily lives.One of the key benefits of AI is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately. This has led to significant advancements in fields such as medicine, finance, and transportation. AI algorithms can detect patterns in data that humans may overlook, leading to more accurate diagnoses, better investment decisions, and safer transportation systems.However, the rise of AI also raises concerns about job displacement and privacy. As machines become more capable of performing complex tasks, some worry that human workers will be replaced by robots and AI systems. Additionally, the collection and analysis of personal data by AI systems raise questions about privacy and data security.Despite these concerns, the potential of AI to revolutionize industries and improve our quality of life is undeniable. As AI technology continues to evolve, it is crucial that we carefully consider the ethical implications and ensure that AI is used responsibly for the benefit of society.Questions:1. What is one of the key benefits of AI mentioned in the passage?2. What are some of the concerns raised by the rise of AI?3. Why is it important to consider the ethical implications of AI?Section C: Writing (60 points)Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic: "The Impact of Technology on Education."In your essay, you should address the following points:- How has technology changed the way students learn?- What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of using technology in the classroom?- How can educators effectively incorporate technology into their teaching practices?- What role do you think technology will play in the future of education?Remember to provide examples and evidence to support your arguments.以上是中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题的部分内容，希望对您有所帮助。
中南大学2011年博士研究生入学考试试题答案大概
一、从可持续发展战略及现代建筑技术发展要求的角度，说明水泥混凝土材料的发展趋势。
新材料技术的发展促使混凝土通过复合走向高性能和智能化道路。
复合就是在基体材料中添加一种或多种材料通过某种手段实现其有效结合从而提高基体材料性能的技术手段，其目的是实现混凝土的高性能化和智能化。
混凝土的高性能，主要体现在：高的工作性、高强度和高的耐久性（如：水工混凝土的抗渗、寒冷地区的抗冻、机场和公路混凝土路面的抗冲耐磨、海工或化工混凝土工程的抗酸性侵蚀、大体积混凝土的抗裂等）。
所谓智能化，就是在混凝土原有的组分的基础上复合智能型组分，使混凝土材料具有自感知和记忆、自调节、自修复特性的多功能材料。
绿色技术的发展引导混凝土向节能减排、循环使用的方向发展混凝土虽然拥有众多优势，但其对环境的影响却不能忽视。
混凝土每年大约消耗15亿吨的水泥和近90亿吨的天然砂石料，可以说是世界上最大的天然资源用户,其生产和应用必将给生态环境带来许多不利的影响。
所以混凝土就必然面临这一问题所带来的冲击，可持续经济、循环经济、节能减排等一系列国家政策要求混凝土必须走绿色之路。
自然就要从水泥和砂石料这两方面着手解决了。
以工业废料代替水泥以实现节能减排许多工业废料如煤热电厂排放的粉煤灰、炼钢厂排放的粒化高炉矿渣（磨细）、工业燃煤后留下的未能充分燃烧的煤矸石（磨细），生产硅金属的排放的硅灰等都可以用来部分代替水泥，而不降低混凝土的性能。
事实上，这些工业废料等量代替水泥后，如果配料得当，往往能够提高甚至大幅度混凝土的各种性能，如强度和耐久性能。
我国的三峡大坝，使用量2800万m3,约合6720万吨，其中的粉煤灰替代水泥的量为40%,既减少了成本，又成功解决了三峡大坝大体积混凝土温升的问题。
硅灰已成为现代高强高性能混凝土必不可少的矿物掺合料之一。
文献,利用56%的矿渣和和30%煤矸石制备无孰料水泥，也就是说用矿渣和煤矸石经过一定处理完全代替水泥，配制低等级的混凝土混凝土，已经成为可能。
【考博真题】中南大学2019年博士研究生英语入学考试试题+答案
中南大学2019年博士研究生英语入学考试试题试卷一（A）Part I Use of English ( 20% )Section A Vocabulary and Structure ( 10%，每题0.5分)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence, thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.1.Johnson vows that if I the connection, he will settle in the village forthe rest of his life, and you know it is impossible to submit to such an extremitywhile any other alternative remains.A)stay on B)wait up C)indulge in D)persist in2.Paradoxically, Robinson's excessive denials of the worth of early works of sciencefiction suggest that she has become quite_________ them.A）offended by B) enamored ofC)unconvinced of D)encouraged by3.Even those who disagreed with Carmen's views rarely faulted her for expressingthem. for the positions she took were as _______ as they were controversial.A)thoughtful B)political C)subjective D)commonplaceually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings, in thisparticular experiment she let a number of _________ results slip by.A)inaccurate B)verifiable C)redundant D)anomalous5.While Parker is very outspoken on issues she cares about, she is not ______; sheconcedes thestrength of opposing arguments when they expose weaknesses inherentin her own.A)fickle B)arrogant C)fanatical D)unyielding6.Because no comprehensive _______ exist regarding personal reading practices. wedo not know. for example. the greatest number of books read in an individuallifetime.A)records B)instincts C)remedies D)proposals7.Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation tobe a product of selection at the level of populations: recent studies of evolution, however. have found no ______this pervasive view of selection.A)departures from B)basis forC)bias toward D)precursors of8.As serious as she is about the bullfight. she does not allow respect to hersense of whimsy when painting it.A)inspire B)provoke C)suppress D)satisfy9.Whether you are male or female, if you your early and middle teenageyears you will probably recall many times when you stood in front of a mirror looking at yourself or worrying about your height, weight, or body shape.A)think back to B)considerate aboutC)trace backward D)in memory about10.Any government that governs the interests of the people is capable ofsolving various problems both at home and abroad.A)in association to B)by stick toC)in accord with D)in the case of11.The universal _________with all its profound and melancholy meaning assailedheavily Razumov, who, amongst eighty million of his kith and kin, had no heart towhich he could open himself.A)aspiration B)inspiration C)attraction D) tenacity12.She is one of the few politicians who her principles, even though it makesher unpopular with the voters.A)strays around B)stays true toC)believes about D)conceals around13.To be sure I dawdled over a great many books that I had read before, and a numberof memoirs and ________, but I had no intense pleasure from reading in that time and have no passions to record of it.A)biographies B)novels C)documents D)fictions14.Ken his earlier poor performance by scoring two goals in the second half ofthe match.A)paid for B)shifted with C)redeemed D)stabbed into15.Philadelphia's rapid expansion in the nineteenth century gave it a wonderfully richlegacy of "Victorian" buildings and indeed the city has been described as "a museum of American Architecture".A)individually B)justly C)widely D)orderly16.The recent educational development has set the scene for our universities tothe notion that students are our most important clients.A)embrace B)refunding C)dispute D)interrupt17.It's hard to believe that in this country of, hunger could be a serious problem.A)productive B）prosperityC)promiscuous D)promptitude18.There can be no collapse in the property market because sellers have a real tosell if they can't make last year's prices.A)reluctance B)manipulationC)recommendation D)justification19.Even as it is, she was quite right: she was suffering and that was her _____, so tospeak, her capital which she had a perfect right to dispose of.A)rhythm B)fame C)asset D)morale20.I suppose it would be profanation to eat anything in this spick-and-span bower, soas I'm tremendously hungry, I propose an(a) ________," he added presently.A)postponement B)adjournmentC)adjustment D)compromiseSection B Cloze Test ( 10%，每题0.5分)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.race does certain During recent years we have heard much about “race”: how this things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the (21) phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications.We judge race usually (22) the coloring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a (23) race. But if you were to remove the skin you could not (24) anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is (25) in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to (26) a difference.There are four types of blood. All (27) are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the (28) . No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains will (29) in size, but this occurs within every race. (30) does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain (31) examined belonged to a person of weak(32). On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had(33) brains.Mental tests which are reasonably (34) show no differences in intelligence between races. High and low test (35) both can be recorded by different members of any race. (36) equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location.Individuals of every race (37) civilization to go backward or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, (38) enable them to behave in a (39) way.The behavior and ideals of people (40) according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new that is better and higher than anything in the past.21.A) complete B)full C)total D)whole22.A) between B)from C)at D)with23.A) black B)green C)pink D)yellow24.A) speak B)talk C)tell D)mention25.A) something B)everything C)anything D)nothing26.A) display B)indicate C)demonstrate D) appear27.A) types B)ranks C)classes D)sorts28.A) same B)identical C)similar D)alike29.A) remain B)increase C)decrease D)vary30.A) Only B)Or C)Nor D)So31.A) ever B)then C)never D)once32.A) health B)body C)mind D)thought33.A) big B)small C)minor D)major34.A) true B)exact C)certain D)accurate35.A) results B)reports C)factors D)details36.A) Provided B)Concerning C)Given D)Following37.A) make B)cause C)move D)turn38.A) and B)unless C)though D)hence39.A) ordinary B)peculiar C)usual D)common40.A) change B)charge C)challenge D)cheerPart II Reading Comprehension ( 40%，每题2分)Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should decide which is the BEST choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1 (Questions 41-44)The motivation for deep-space travel is shifting from discovery to economics. The past year has seen a flurry of proposals aimed at bringing celestial riches down to Earth. No doubt this will make a few billionaires even wealthier, but we all stand to gain: the mineral bounty and spin-off technologies could enrich us all.But before the miners start firing up their rockets, we should pause for thought. At first glance, space mining seems to sidestep most environmental concerns: there is (probably!) no life on asteroids, and thus no habitats to trash. But its consequences ---both here on Earth and in space---merit careful consideration.Part of this is about principles. Some will argue that space's "magnificent desolation" is not ours to despoil, just as they argue that our own planet's poles should remain pristine. Others will suggest that glutting ourselves on space's riches is not an acceptable alternative to developing more sustainable ways of earthly life.History suggests that those will be hard lines to hold, and it may be difficult to persuade the public that such barren environments are worth preserving. After all, they exist in vast abundance, and even fewer people will experience them than have walked through Antarctica's icy landscapes.There's also the emerging off-world economy to consider. The resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different to those we prize on Earth. Questions of their stewardship have barely been broached---and the relevant legal and regulatory framework is fragmentary, to put it mildly.Space miners, like their earthly counterparts, are often reluctant to engage with such questions. One speaker at last week's space-mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concluded with a plea that regulation should be avoided. But miners have much to gain from a broad agreement on the for-profit exploitation of space. Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gains made insecure. It is in all ofour long-term interests to seek one out.41.The central claim of the passage is that space mining has positive potential but____.A)it will end up encouraging humanity's reckless treatment of the environment.B)its effects should be thoughtfully considered before it becomes a reality.C)such potential may not include replenishing key resources that are disappearingon Earth.D)experts disagree about the commercial viability of the discoveries it could yield.42.As used in the sentence underlined (Paragraph 4), "hold" most nearly means________.A)maintain B)grip C)restrain D)withstand43.According to the passage the off-planet economy such as the future of space miningin future _______.A)is inconsistent with the sustainable use of space resources.B)will be difficult to bring about in the absence of regulations.C)cannot be attained without technologies that do not yet exist.D)seems certain to affect Earth's economy in a negative way.44.Which of the following statements provides the best evidence for the answer to theprevious question?A)Some will argue that space's "magnificent desolation" is not ours to despoil, justas they argue that our own planet's poles should remain pristine.B)The resources that are valuable in orbit and beyond may be very different tothose we prize on Earth.C)One speaker at last week's space-mining forum in Sydney, Australia, concludedwith a plea that regulation should be avoided.D)Without consensus, claims will be disputed, investments risky, and the gainsmade insecure.Passage 2 (Questions 45-48)No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more evenby the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than bythe true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. Not that it is solely, or chiefly to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. On the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been, and may again be, great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any people has made a temporary approach to such a character, it has been because the dread of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended. Where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed; where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periodsof history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundations and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinaryintellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.He who knows only his own side of the case knows little of that. His reasons maybe good, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if he is equally unable to refute the reasons on the opposite side; if he does not so much as know what they are, he has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for him would be suspension of judgment, and unless he contents himself with that. he is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which he feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that he should hear the arguments of adversaries from his own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments. or bring them into real contact with his own mind. He must be able to hear them from persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest and do their very utmost for them. He must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form: he must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else he will never really possess himself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated men are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know: they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently from them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess. They do not know those parts of it which explain and justify the remainder; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it,or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.45.The best title for this passage is_____________.A)The Age of ReasonB)The Need for Independent ThinkingC)The Value of RefutationD)How People Think46.According to the author, it is always advisable to_________.A)have opinions which can not be refutedB)adopt the point of view to which he feels the most inclinationC)be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which hedisagreesD)ignore the accepted opinions of the vast majority47.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A)Most educated people study both sides of a question.B)Heterodox speculation will lead to many errors in thinking.C)The vast majority of people who argue fluently are acquainted with only oneside of an issue.D)It is wise to get both sides of a debatable issue from one's teachers.48.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agreewith which of the following statements?A)Excessive controversy prevents clear thinking.B)Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of heterodox speculation.C)The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by one's own teachers.D)In a period of mental slavery. no true intellectual thought is possible.Passage 3 (Questions 49-52)Contending for the rights of woman, my main argument is built on this simple principle, that if she be not prepared by education to become the companion of man,she will stop the progress of knowledge and virtue; for truth must be common to all, orit will be inefficacious with respect to its influence on general practice. And how can woman be expected to co-operate unless she knows why she ought to be virtuous? unless freedom strengthen her reason till, she comprehends her duty, and see in what manner it is connected with her real good? If children are to be educated to understand the true principle of patriotism, their mother must be a patriot; and the love of mankind, from which an orderly train of virtues spring, can only be produced by considering the moral and civil interest of mankind; but the education and situation of woman, at present, shuts her out from such investigations .... .Consider, sir, dispassionately, these observations---for a glimpse of this truth seemed to open before you when you observed, "that to see one half of the human race excluded by the other from all participation of government, was a political phenomenon that, according to abstract principles, it was impossible to explain." If so, on what does your constitution rest? If the abstract rights of man will bear discussion and explanation, those of woman, by a parity of reasoning, will not shrink from the same test: though a different opinion prevails in this country, built on the very arguments which you use to justify the oppression of woman---prescription.Consider---I address you as a legislator ---whether, when men contend for their freedom, and to be allowed to judge for themselves respecting their own happiness, itbe not inconsistent and unjust to subjugate women, even though you firmly believe that you are acting in the manner best calculated to promote their happiness? Who made man the exclusive judge, if woman partake with him the gift of reason?In this style, argue tyrants of every denomination, from the weak king to the weak father of a family; they are all eager to crush reason; yet always assert that they usurpits throne only to be useful. Do you not act a similar part, when you force all women,by denying them civil and political rights, to remain immured in their families gropingin the dark?49.According to the passage, in order for society to progress, women must______.A)enjoy personal happiness and financial security.B)follow all currently prescribed social rules.C)replace men as figures of power and authority.D)receive an education comparable to that of men.50.In the passage, the author claims that freedoms granted by society's leaders have___.A)privileged one gender over the other.B)resulted in a general reduction in individual virtue.C)caused arguments about the nature of happiness.D)ensured equality for all people.51.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements aboutwomen in the eighteenth century?A)Their natural preferences were the same as those of menB)They needed a good education to be successful in society.C)They were just as happy in life as men were.D)They generally enjoyed fewer rights than men did.52.The intention for the passage is to dispute the idea_____A)women seem to be not naturally suited for the exercise of civil and politicalrights.B)men and women possess similar degrees of reasoning ability.C)women do not need to remain confined to their traditional family duties.D)the principles of natural law should not be invoked when considering genderroles.Passage 4 (Questions 53-56)The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time. Development was retarded. however, until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleogene. This led in Eocene time to increase in average size. larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different modes of life. In the Oligocene Epoch, there was fun her improvement, with some appearance of some new lines and extinction of others. Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of severalgroups and continued approach toward modem characters. The peak of the career of mammals in variety and average large size was attained in the Miocene.The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible modes of life parallels that ofthe reptiles in Mesozoic time. and except for greater intelligence, the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian forms. The bat is doubtless a better flying animal than the pterosaur. but the dolphin and whale ore hardly more fishlike than the ichthyosaur. Many swift-running mammals of the plains, like the horse and the antelope. must excel any of the dinosaurs. The tyrannosaur was a more ponderous and powerful carnivore than any flesh-eating mammal, but the lion or tigeris probably a more efficient and dangerous beast of prey because of a superior brain. The significant point to observe is that different branches of the mammals gradually filled themselves for all sorts of life, grazing on the plains and able to run swiftly (horse, deer, bison), living in rivers and swamps (hippopotamus, beaver). dwelling in trees (sloth, monkey). digging underground (mole, rodent), feeding on flesh in the forest (tiger) and plain (wolf), swimming in the sea (dolphin, whale, seal) and flying in the air (bat). Man is able by mechanical means to conquer the physical world and to adapt himself to almost any set of conditions.This adaptation produces gradual changes of form and structure. It is biologically characteristic of the youthful, plastic stage of a group. Early in its career, an animal assemblage seems to possess capacity for change, which. as the unit becomes old and fixed, disappears. The generalized types of organisms retain longest the ability to make adjustments when required, and it is from them that new, fecund stocks take origin---certainly not from any specialized end products. So, in the mammals. we witness the birth, plastic spread in many directions, increasing specialization, and in some branches. the extinction. which we have learned from observation of the geologic record of life is a characteristic of the evolution of life.53.In chronological order, the geologic periods are________ .A)Paleogene. Miocene, Triassic, MesozoicB)Mesozoic. Triassic, Paleogene. MioceneC)Miocene. Paleogene, Triassic, MesozoicD)Triassic', Mesozoic, Paleogene, Miocene54.From this passage, we may conclude that the pterosaur_______.A)resembled the batB)was a mammal that lived in the Mesozoic periodC)was a flying reptileD)evolved during the Miocene period55.That the mammals succeeding the reptile in geologic time were superior isillustrated by the statement that the__________.A)tiger has a brain that surpasses that of the tyrannosaurB)deer run. more swiftly than the lionC)whale is more fishlike than the ichthyosaurD)tiger is more powerful than the carnivorous reptiles56.The statements made by the writer are based on evidence ________A)found by studying fossil remainsB)found by comparing animals and reptilesC)found by going to different time periodsD)that cannot be definitely establishedPassage 5(Questions57-60)Socrates gives us a basic insight into the nature of teaching when he compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwife. Just as the midwife assists the bodyto give birth to new life, so the teacher assists the mind to deliver itself of ideas, knowledge, and understanding. The essential notion here is that teaching is a humble, helping art. The teacher does not produce knowledge or stuff ideas into an empty, passive mind. It is the learner, not the teacher, who is the active producer of knowledge and ideas.The ancients distinguish the skills of the physician and the farmer from those ofthe shoemaker and the house builder. Aristotle calls medicine and agriculture cooperative arts, because they work with nature to achieve results that nature is able to produce by itself. Shoes and houses would not exist unless men produced them; but the living body attains health without the intervention of doctors, and plants and animalsgrow without the aid of farmers. The skilled physician or farmer simply makes healthor growth more certain and regular.Teaching, like farming and healing, is a cooperative art which helps nature do what it can do itself --- though not as well without it. We have all learned many things without the aid of a teacher. Some exceptional individuals have acquired wide learning and deep insight with very little formal schooling. But for most of us the process of learning is made more certain and less painful when we have a teacher's help.One basic aspect of teaching is not found in the other two cooperative arts that work with organic nature. Teaching always involves a relation between the mind of one person and the mind of another. The teacher is not merely a talking book, a living phonograph record, broadcast to an unknown audience. He enters into a dialogue with his student. This dialogue goes far beyond mere "talk," for a good deal of what is taught is transmitted almost unconsciously in the personal interchange between teacher andstudent. We might get by with encyclopedias, phonograph records, and TV broadcasts if it were not for this intangible element, which is present in every good teacher-student relation.Speaking simply and in the broadest sense, the teacher shows the student how to find out, evaluate, judge, and recognize the truth. He does not impose a fixed content of ideas and doctrines that the student must learn by rote. He teaches the student how to learn and think for himself. He encourages rather than suppresses a critical and intelligent response.The student's response and growth is the only reward suitable for such a labor of love. Teaching, the highest of the cooperative arts, is devoted to the good of others. It is an act of supreme generosity. St. Augustine calls it the greatest act of charity.57.Socrates compares the art of teaching to the ancient craft of the midwifebecause______.A)both teaching and midwifery are lowly professionsB)the teacher delivers knowledge while the midwife delivers the babyC)both the body and the mind are of equal importanceD)both the teacher and the midwife playa helping role58.The skills of the physician and the farmer differ from those of the shoemaker andthe house builder in that_________.A)healing and fanning demand greater skillB)healing and fanning playa more important role in societyC)healing and farming need the cooperation of natureD)healing and farming command more respect59.The chief difference between a teacher and a farmer is that_________.A)teaching involves interaction between two mindsB)farming involves working with organic natureC)teaching transmits knowledge which is intangibleD)farming produces crops which are tangible60.According to the passage the role of a teacher is________.A)to evaluate, judge, and recognize the truthB)to make the student memorize what he teachesC)to impose his ideas and doctrines on the studentD)to encourage critical thinking in the student。
2019年中南大学考试试卷及答案
中南大学考试试卷及答案2019 学年二学期时间100分钟工科大学化学Ⅲ-1课程40学时2.5学分考试形式：闭卷专业年级：冶金工程、冶金工程试验、环境工程、化学升华2010级总分：100 分，占总评成绩70%注：此页不作答题纸，请将答案写在答题纸上！一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. H2和O2在绝热钢瓶中生成水的过程( )(A) ΔH = 0 (B) ΔU= 0 (C) ΔS= 0 (D) ΔG = 02. 在N2和O2混合气体的绝热可逆压缩过程中，体系的热力学函数变化值在下列结论中正确的是( )(A) ΔU= 0 (B) ΔA= 0 (C) ΔS= 0 (D) ΔG = 03. 下列诸过程可应用公式d U = (C p-nR)dT进行计算的是：( )(A) 实际气体等压可逆冷却(B) 恒容搅拌某液体以升高温度(C) 理想气体绝热可逆膨胀(D) 量热弹中的燃烧过程4. 今有298 K, pΘ的N2气（状态Ⅰ）和323 K, pΘ的N2气（状态Ⅱ）各一瓶，问哪瓶N2气的化学势大? ( )(A) μⅠ>μⅡ(B) μⅠ<μⅡ(C)μⅠ=μⅡ(D) 不可比较5. 稀溶液有一些特性的值主要决定于溶解在溶液中粒子的数目，而不决定于这些粒子的性质，一些特性溶液的特性叫稀溶液的( )(A) 一般特性(B) 依数性特征(C) 各向同性特性(D) 等电子特性6. 当某溶质溶于某溶剂中形成浓度一定的溶液时，若采用不同的参考态，则下列说法中正确的是：( )(A) 溶质的参考态化学势相同(B) 溶质的活度相同(C) 溶质的活度系数相同(D) 溶质的化学势相同7. 已知理想气体反应N2O5(g) == N2O4(g) + (1/2) O2(g) 的Δr H mΘ= 41.84 kJ⋅mol-1，ΔC p= 0，则增加N2O4平衡产率的条件是：（）(A) 降低温度(B) 提高温度(C) 提高压力(D) 等温等容加入惰性气体K，8. 设反应①SO2(g) + 0.5O2(g) === SO3(g)的标准平衡常数为Θ1,p反应 ② 2SO 2(g) + O 2(g) === 2SO 3(g)的标准平衡常数为Θ2,p K ，则Θ1,p K 与Θ2,p K 的关系为 （ ）(A) Θ1,p K =Θ2,p K (B) (Θ1,p K )2=Θ2,p K (C) Θ1,p K = (Θ2,p K )2 (D) (Θ1,p K )1/2=Θ2,p K9. 将pH=5.0 与pH=9.0的两种强电解质溶液等体积混合，其pH 值为 ( )(A) 1.0 (B) 13.0 (C) 7.0 (D) 1.510.已知K sp [Fe(OH)3] = 4×10-38，若用生成Fe(OH)3沉淀的办法除去溶液中的Fe 3+离子，当溶液的pH=3.0时，溶液中残存的[Fe 3+]为 ( )(A) 4×10–5 mol·L -1(B) 4×10–11 mol·L -1 (C) 1.6×10–10 mol·L -1(D) 2×10–20 mol·L -1二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 理想气体恒压膨胀使体积增大，ΔH 0，ΔS 0。
博士学位研究生入学考试试题
北 京 科 技 大 学2011年博士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号： 试题名称：综合化学 （共 页）适用专业：材料合成化学080521 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
=============================================================================================================（第一部分，无机化学试题, 共50分）一、单项选择题 ( 每小题1分，共20小题 20分 )1. 下列配离子属于反磁性的是……………………………………………………………（ ）(A) [Mn(CN)6]4- (B) [Cu(en)2]2+ (C) [Fe(CN)6]3- (D) [Co(CN)6]3-2. 下列反应方程式中，正确的是…………………………………………………………（ ）(A) 5NaBiO 3 + 14HCl + 2MnCl 2 = 2NaMnO 4 + 5BiCl 3+ 3NaCl + 7H 2O(B) Sb 2O 5+ 10HCl = 2SbCl 3+ 5H 2O + 2Cl 2(C) 2Na 3AsO 3 + 3H 2S = As 2S 3↓ + 6NaOH(D) Bi(OH)3 + Cl 2+ 3NaOH = NaBiO 3 + 2NaCl + 3H 2O3. 溶解金的试剂是……………………………………………………………………… （ ）(A) 硝酸 (B) 硫酸 (C) KCN 溶液 (D) 硝酸和磷酸的混合酸4. 气体反应 CO + H 2O =CO 2 + H 2，此反应的Δr G m 和r m G ∆与体系总压的关系是…（ ）(A) Δr G m 与r m G ∆均与体系总压无关 (B) Δr G m 与r m G ∆均与体系总压有关(C) Δr G m 与体系总压有关，r m G ∆与总压无关 (D) Δr G m 与体系总压无关，r m G ∆与总压有关5. 由于La系收缩，导致下列元素中性质相似的一组是………………………………（）(A) Ti和V (B) Hg和Pb (C) Nb和Ta (D) Mn和Re6. 下列氢氧化物中，溶解度最小的是…………………………………………………（）(A) Ca(OH)2(B) La(OH)3(C) Tb(OH)3(D) Ce(OH)47. [CrCl2(NH3)4]+具有几何异构体的数目是……………………………………………（）(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 68. 关于五氯化磷(PCl5)，下列说法中不正确的是……………………………………（）(A) 它由氯与PCl3反应制得(B) 它容易水解生成磷酸(H3PO4)(C) 它在气态时很稳定(D) 它的固体状态是结构式为[PCl4+][PCl6-]的晶体9. 下列各含氧酸中，三元酸是…………………………………………………………（）(A) H3PO4(B) H3PO2(C) H3PO3(D) H3BO310. 将K2MnO4溶液调节到酸性时，可以观察到的现象是……………………………（）(A)紫红色褪去(B)绿色加深(C)有棕色沉淀生成(D)溶液变成紫红色且有棕色沉淀生成11. 根据价层电子的排布，预料下列化合物中为无色的是……………………………（）(A) TiCl3(B) ScF3(C) MnF3(D) CrF312. 在由Cu2+/Cu和Ag+/Ag组成的原电池的正负极中，加入一定量的氨水，达平衡后[NH3·H2O] = 1mol·dm-3，则电池的电动势比未加氨水前将……………………………………………………（）(Cu(NH3)+24的K稳= ⨯ 1013，Ag(NH3)+2的K稳= ⨯ 107)(A)变大(B)变小 (C) 不变(D) 无法判断13. 下列物质的氧化性与惰性电子对效应无关的是…………………………………（）(A) Pb(IV) (B) Bi(V) (C) Cr(VI) (D) Tl(III)14. 下列各混合溶液中，具有缓冲作用的是…………………………………………（）(A) HCl (1 mol·dm-3) + NaAc (2 mol·dm-3)(B) NaOH (1 mol·dm-3) + NH3 (1 mol·dm-3)(C) HCl (1 mol·dm-3) + NaCl (1 mol·dm-3)(D) NaOH (1 mol·dm-3) + NaCl (1 mol·dm-3)Hg中汞原子之间的化学键为……………………………………………………（）15. +22(A) 离子键(B) σ键(C) π键(D) 配位键16. 下列各组元素中，性质最相似的两种元素是……………………………………（）(A) Mg和Al (B) Zr和Hf (C) Ag和Au (D) Fe和Co17. 下列离子中氧化性最强的是………………………………………………………（）(A) CoF-36(B) Co(NH3)+33(C) Co(CN)-36(D) Co3+18. 下列配制溶液的方法正确的是…………………………………………………… （ ）(A) 在溶解Na 2S 2O 3的水中加入少量Na 2CO 3溶液(B) 为抑制Na 2S 2O 3水解，在Na 2S 2O 3溶液中加少量稀H 2SO 4(C) 将SnCl 2·2H 2O 用水溶解即得到SnCl 2溶液(D) 用分析天平准确称取NaOH 固体，加水溶解后，用容量瓶稀释到所要求的体积19. 弱场中，八面体和四面体配合物的 CFSE 相等的是……………………………（ ）(A) Fe 2+ (B) Ni 2+ (C) Mn 2+ (D) Cu 2+20. 金属锂、钠、钙的氢化物，氮化物，碳化物( 乙炔化物 )的相似点是…………………（ ）(A) 都可以和水反应，生成气态产物 (B) 都可以和水反应，生成一种碱性溶液(C) 在室温条件下，它们都是液体 (D) (A)和(B)二、填空题 ( 每小题1分，共10题 10分 )1. 将CO 2、NO 2、O 3、SO 2按氧化能力由强到弱排列的顺序为 。
博士研究生入学考试试题及答案解析
中南大学2005 博士研究生入学考试试题答案及解析Entrance English Test for PhD Programs (2005)Paper OneDirections:There are 20 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1．Sometimes very young children have trouble ______ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.A．separating B．having separatedC．to separate D．of separating2．Anthropology is a science______ anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.A．in that B．now thatC．since that D．no that3．With all these exacerbating tensions of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was too much to expect that lawmakers, prime ministers, and presidents could understand, ______agree on , how to obtain this explosive mixture.A．even if B．so as toB．even more D．much less4．After every guest _______, the host had the dishes served.A．was sitting B．was seatedC．was seating D．was sat5．_______traffic delays, you had better start earlier if you want to catch 818 for New York city.A．Regardless of B．Attributing toC．Allowing for D．Under the spell of6．Now a paper in science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from____ on earth than bacteria on Mars.A．configuration B．constitutionC．condemnation D．contamination7．Many people are naturally distrustful of ambition, feeling that it represents something _____ in human nature.A．blatant B．philanthropicC．distressful D．intractable8．Most people believe that the study of another nation, its society and culture, not only can be fascinating but also_____.A．primeval B．legitimateC．newfangled D．beneficent9．In nature we know that wild creatures sometimes exhaust their vital sources and suffer thenatural _______; drastic population reductions.A．capacity B．erosionC．remedy D．amenity10．The chairman gave me a hint that he would like me to think of some ready way of stopping Tom from ______ the proposal.A．lining up B．lying behindC．chiming in D．drifting into11．Monetary Union is a huge economic undertaking ---but it is not just about economics. It is a step with _____political implications-----but it is not just politics.A．stupendous B．bruisingC．tectonic C．internecine12．Since _____firms are more fragile than most other traditional ones, they are even more vulnerable to economy-wide swings.A．inconsistent B．moderateC．nascent D．weird13．To the cynic, there are no wholly altruistic, unselfish acts; every human deed is _____ an ulterior selfish motive.A．independent of B．emulated byC．disguised as D．founded upon14．He keeps his petrol receipts because petrol is one of the expenses that he can ______ against taxes.A．dazzle B．offsetC．circumvent D．impartial15．A university training enables a graduate to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a ______of thought.A．line B．strandC．mass D．plethora16．New technologies have often brought with them complex and ______ moral and social difficulties.A．vexing B．psychicC．alienated D．somatic17．The Lewis and Clark expedition left St. Louis in 1804 and traveled 7,700 miles_____ the Pacific Coast.A．on way to B．on route toC．returning to D．in line to18．The Bessemer process was once the most common method of making steel, but today this process is considered______.A．obsolete B．ellipticalC．oval D．eligible19．The other worry is that the entrepreneur will be forced to go public too early, so the venture capitalist can _____ his investment.A．deflate B．pad aroundC．recoup D．cash out20．In almost every country, drug abuse, child abuse and alcohol abuse _______most challenging social problems.A．preoccupied with B．displaced to beC．lend credence to D．loom as1．A．句意：有时小孩在分清现实和虚幻方面存在困难，他们可能认为那样的事情真正存在。
中南大学病理学2012年考博真题试卷
中南大学
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
中南大学
2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
第1页 共1页
一、 名词解释（5分*12） 1. 脂肪肝与脂肪心 2. 肉芽组织与炎性肉芽肿 3. 肌纤维母细胞与干细胞 4. 化生与分化 5. 癌前病变与交界性肿瘤 6. 营养不良性钙化与恶性营养不良 7. 纤维性骨痂与骨性骨痂 8. 凋亡小体与嗜酸性小体 9. 脂质小体与Mallory小体 10. 糜烂与溃疡 11. 窦道与瘘管 12. 纤维素样变性与纤维素样坏死 二、 问答题 1．简述长期吸烟对人体肺组织可能产生哪些疾病及其病变特点和结局？（20 分） 2．简述痛风的概念、发病机制和病变特点？（20分）
中南大学--年博士研究生入学考试英语试题的答案解析doc资料
中南大学2008 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析Paper OnePart I Using of EnglishSection One Vocabulary and Structure1【答案】A【解析】从题目中neither side 可以看出，是两方在讨论，所以应该是one side and the other side。
本句采用了岛状结构，起强调作用。
强调“双方在争论中没有达成协议”，因为双方都不愿让步。
所以正确答案是A 选项2【答案】D【解析】四个选项的意思分别是lightest 最轻的；furthest，最远的；smallest，最小的；faintest，模糊的。
the faintest idea 意思是，一点概念没有。
句意是，我对你的意思一点也不明白，你能再讲清楚点么？所以正确答案是 D 选项，如We haven't the faintest idea what the murderer looks like.（这个杀人犯长得怎么样我们连一点概念也没有。
）3【答案】A【解析】语法题。
it's no good doing something 的意思是，做某事无济于事。
这里的good 还可以替换成use，it 可以替换成there。
据此，可以推出正确答案是A 选项。
句意是，我还不知道什么时候可以去度假，现在做决定没有意义。
It’s no如good crying now!（现在哭也没用了！。
）4【答案】B【解析】四个选项的意思分别是give away 赠送，泄漏；give off 发出（光，声音等），散发出（气味）；give in 认输，投降；give up 停止，放弃。
句意是加装了防护过滤器以后，这烟囱已不再散发成股的废气到大气中去了。
根据句子意思推出正确答案是B 选项，如As motor vehicles burn fuel, they give off carbon monoxide as a waste.（汽车燃烧燃料时，会产生废气—一氧化碳。
中南大学(已有10试题)
中南大学（2010原版试卷代理5元一份）政治学与行政管理学院公共管理基础2008——2009公共管理综合考试2007——2009行政管理学2002——2006马克思主义基本原理2007马克思主义中国化的基本理论2007马克思主义哲学原理2006政治学基础2007政治学原理2003——2006当代世界经济与政治2007历史学专业基础（全国统考试卷）2007——2009（2007——2009年有答案）文学院汉语言文学综合2008古代汉语与现代汉语2008——2009传播学原理2007——2009文化产业原理2007——2009文化产业概论2010文学原理2004——2005文艺美学2005美学2004高等教育科学研究所教育学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2009（2007——2009年有答案）法学院法学基础2009法学综合2005——2007，2009宪法学与行政法学2007民商法学2004——2007刑法学2004——2005刑法学综合2004经济法学2003——2005社会学理论2003——2004，2006社会学研究方法2003——2004，2006现代教育技术中心（无此试卷）外国语学院二外日语2001——2009二外法语2003——2004，2007——2008二外德语2001二外俄语2001英语文学2001英语综合考试2002——2009综合英语2002——2006基础英语2001，2003——2004，2006——2009语言文学与文化综合知识2003——2004，2007——2009基础日语2008日语综合考试2008教育学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2009（2007——2009年有答案）艺术学院（无此试卷）数学科学与计算技术学院数学分析2001——2008高等代数2002——2003，2005——2008高等数学2004物理科学与技术学院信号与系统2000，2006——2007，2009量子力学2005，2007普通物理2007化学化工学院化工原理2008——2009无机化学2000——2007，2009有机化学2001，2003——2004，2006——2009物理化学2001分析化学2001普通化学2003——2004有色冶金原理2000——2001，2008有色冶金学2000——2001生物科学与技术学院细胞生物学（Ⅱ）2006——2007生物综合2006——2007，2009（2009代理价格3），2009（2009代理价格3）地学与环境工程学院数据结构2000——2008（2003，2005有答案）数据结构[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1997——2000（其中1999年共4页，缺P3，P4）程序设计[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1999C语言程序设计[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1998，2000（其中1998年共5页，缺P5）土力学与地基基础2008土力学2001地理信息系统2002——2003地理信息系统原理2004——2007岩石学2000找矿勘探地质学2000地球物理概论2000岩体力学基础2001岩体力学2008微机原理及C语言程序设计1998微机原理与汇编语言1999计算机组成原理及汇编设计2000——2001信息物理工程学院数据结构2000——2008（2003，2005有答案）数据结构[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1997——2000（其中1999年共4页，缺P3，P4）程序设计[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1999C语言程序设计[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1998，2000（其中1998年共5页，缺P5）测量平差基础2000——2007遥感技术2006找矿勘探地质学2000地球物理概论2000岩体力学基础2001岩体力学2008微机原理及C语言程序设计1998微机原理与汇编语言1999计算机组成原理及汇编设计2000——2001微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001资源与安全工程学院安全系统工程2007——2008岩石力学2006工程力学2001岩体力学基础2001岩体力学2008微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001资源加工与生物工程学院无机化学2000——2007，2009无机材料科学基础2007普通化学2003——2004微生物学2006，2008生物化学（B）2006，2008化工原理2008——2009矿物加工学2008微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001电化学2000金属学2000湿法冶金2000工程流体力学2000烧结球团学2000金属热处理2000冶金科学与工程学院无机化学2000——2007，2009普通化学2003——2004有色冶金原理2000——2001，2008 有色冶金学2000——2001微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001电化学2000金属学2000湿法冶金2000工程流体力学2000烧结球团学2000金属热处理2000材料科学与工程学院材料科学与工程基础2008——2009 微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001电化学2000金属学2000湿法冶金2000工程流体力学2000烧结球团学2000金属热处理2000粉末冶金研究院材料科学基础2007——2008粉末冶金2008——2009粉末冶金原理2000微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001电化学2000金属学2000湿法冶金2000工程流体力学2000烧结球团学2000金属热处理2000机电工程学院机械设计2000——2008微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001信息科学与工程学院电路理论2000——2009（2000——2002有答案）计算机网络基础2003——2004，2006——2008计算机网络原理2001数据结构2000——2008（2003，2005有答案）数据结构[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1997——2000（其中1999年共4页，缺P3，P4）程序设计[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1999C语言程序设计[原长沙铁道学院用卷]1998，2000（其中1998年共5页，缺P5）微机原理及C语言程序设计1998微机原理与汇编语言1999计算机组成原理及汇编设计2000——2001微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001能源与动力工程学院传热学1998——2005微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001土木建筑学院城市与建筑理论2006——2007城市与建筑历史2006——2007材料力学2000，2002（第1种），2002（第2种），2006——2009结构力学2001，2007——2009工程经济学2007——2008无机化学2000——2007，2009普通化学2003——2004工程热力学2000微机原理及应用2000——2001自动控制原理1998——2001交通运输工程学院材料力学2000，2002（第1种），2002（第2种），2006——2009运筹学（T）2005——2008管理学原理2007商学院西方经济学2002——2008运筹学（B）1999——2009管理学1999——2009财务会计2001——2005医学技术与情报学院病理生理学2000生物化学2003——2004卫生部肝胆肠外科研究中心（无此试卷）医学遗传学国家重点实验室生物综合2006——2007，2009（2009代理价格3）生殖与干细胞工程研究所细胞生物学（Ⅱ）2006——2007生物综合2006——2007，2009（2009代理价格3）肿瘤研究所生物化学2003——2004肿瘤学2000病理学2002临床药理研究所生物化学2003——2004肿瘤学2000病理学2002分子药物与治疗研究所生物化学2003——2004肿瘤学2000病理学2002基础医学院生物综合2006——2007，2009（2009代理价格3）病理生理学2000检验综合2001免疫学2000内科学1997，2000皮肤病学与性病学2001生理学2000，2003——2004外科学1999诊断学1997，2000生物化学2003——2004肿瘤学2000病理学2002遗传学1999公共卫生学院卫生综合2008湘雅医院病理生理学2000检验综合2001免疫学2000内科学1997，2000皮肤病学与性病学2001生理学2000，2003——2004外科学1999诊断学1997，2000生物化学2003——2004肿瘤学2000病理学2002遗传学1999湘雅二医院心理学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2008 病理生理学2000检验综合2001免疫学2000内科学1997，2000皮肤病学与性病学2001生理学2000，2003——2004外科学1999诊断学1997，2000生物化学2003——2004肿瘤学2000病理学2002遗传学1999湘雅三医院心理学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2008 病理生理学2000检验综合2001免疫学2000内科学1997，2000皮肤病学与性病学2001生理学2000，2003——2004外科学1999诊断学1997，2000生物化学2003——2004肿瘤学2000病理学2002遗传学1999护理学院（无此试卷）药学院药学基础综合2003——2009（2009代理价格4）生物化学2003——2004口腔医学院（无此试卷）088微机原理及应用2000——2001。
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题Part I: Vocabulary and structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. The Earth _____ around the sun.A. revolvesB. resolvingC. resolvingD. revolves2. A water molecule is made up _____ two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom.A. forB. ofD. by3. The data _____ China’s economic growth are impressive.A. forB. towardC. concerningD. on4. We have to know _____ always comes first.A. besidesB. thatC. itD. what5. The coffee served in that shop is far too weak _____ my taste.A. fromB. toC. for6. I really _____ remember what her address is.A. don’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. won’t7. Would you like milk and sugar _____ your coffee?A. inB. atC. onD. of8. It is important for leaders to work _____ the development of their employees.A. onB. forC. withD. in9. Our project needs more support _____ the government.A. atB. toC. fromD. on10. _____ he is often criticized, he is actually a very talented writer.A. EvenB. SinceC. ThusD. HencePart II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.Passage 1There is a serious problem with obesity in many developed countries. This is usually caused by people eating too much andnot doing enough exercise. As a result, many people are now overweight or even obese. Obesity can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease and diabetes.11. What is the main cause of obesity?A. Lack of sleepB. Too much exerciseC. Eating too muchD. Eating too little12. What is the consequence of obesity?A. Heart diseaseB. Healthy bodyC. Strong musclesD. No exercise13. Which disease can obesity lead to?A. DiabetesB. FluC. ColdsD. Allergies14. What do many people in developed countries have due to obesity?A. Strong musclesB. High blood pressureC. Low body weightD. Overweight15. How can obesity be prevented?A. By eating more unhealthy foodB. By not doing any exerciseC. By eating less and exercising moreD. By sleeping all dayPassage 2There is a growing concern about the environment and the impact that human activity is having on it. As the population grows and people use more energy, pollution levels are increasing. This is leading to global warming and climate change.16. What is the growing concern about?A. Language skillsB. The economyC. The environmentD. Shopping habits17. What is causing pollution levels to increase?A. TreesB. Human activityC. CloudsD. Cities18. What is global warming leading to?A. Increased pollutionB. Climate changeC. Decreased pollutionD. Cleaner air19. How is the population affecting the environment?A. By using less energyB. By not using energy at allC. By using more energyD. By sleeping all day20. What is a consequence of climate change?A. Cleaner airB. Natural disastersC. Healthy environmentD. Decreased food productionPart III: Fill in the blanks (20 points)Directions: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words.21. The _____ of the project cost over $1 million.22. She is tired of _____ the same routine every day.23. He knocked on the door but there was no _____ .24. The teacher _____ her students to work hard.25. We need to find a _____ to this problem soon.Part IV: Translation (30 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from Chinese to English.拥有绿色的科学技术和环境经营理念将越来越成为未来企业的重要标志。
中南大学冶金与环境学院博士研究生培养方案(2014-2015)
博士研究生培养方案学位类别：208 工学博士学位一级学科代码与名称：0806 冶金工程二级学科代码与名称：080601 冶金物理化学080602 钢铁冶金080603 有色金属冶金080620 新能源材料与器件080621 材料冶金080622 冶金环境工程执行开始--终止年级：2014--2015制订二级单位：冶金与环境学院、化学化工学院一、学科概况冶金工程学科是研究从矿石等资源中提取金属或化合物，并制成具有一定使用性能和经济价值的材料的工程技术学科。
学科研究的范围包括多相多组元复杂体系的化学反应规律，动量、能量和质量传输及其相互作用规律，金属或化合物的分离、富集、提纯、资源化、材料化、产品化及产品高性能化的基础理论与技术，以及与之相关联的分析、检测、工艺流程开发、反应器（装备）开发、过程控制与信息化、资源高效清洁利用、废弃物资源化及二次资源循环利用、节能减排及生态环境保护等。
冶金工程学科包括六个二级学科：冶金物理化学、钢铁冶金、有色金属冶金、材料冶金、新能源材料与器件、冶金环境工程。
本学科点于1981年首批获博士学位授予权，并设有博士后科研流动站。
现有中国工程院院士3人（含兼职2人）、博士生导师37人。
拥有“有色金属冶金”国家级重点学科、“冶金物理化学”和“钢铁冶金”省级重点学科，以及“难冶有色金属资源高效利用国家工程实验室”、“国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心”、“国家环境保护有色金属冶金污染控制技术工程中心”、“先进电池材料教育部工程研究中心”、“水污染控制湖南省重点实验室”、“稀有金属冶金与材料制备湖南省重点实验室”和“湖南省重金属污染综合治理工程技术研究中心”。
本学科是国家“211工程”和“985工程”重点建设学科。
近年来，承担了国家“973项目”、“863项目”、国家重大支撑计划项目、国家自然科学基金重点项目等40多项国家级重大项目，形成了冶金过程强化与节能、冶金新工艺及基础理论、增值冶金（材料冶金）、冶金资源与环境工程、冶金过程及设备的计算机仿真与优化控制等特色鲜明、前景广阔的研究方向。
中南大学有色冶金复试笔试题目.doc
冶金科学与工程学院2012年硕士研究生复试工作安排4月01日（周日），上午9:00—11:00缴纳复试费（冶金馆232）。
上午8:30—11:30资格审查（冶金馆231）。
下午2:30-4:00夕卜语听力及阅读能力笔试。
晚上7:00—9:00专业综合课笔试。
地点：冶金馆301室4 月02 日（周一），上午8:30—12:00 ,下午1:30 - 6:00英语口语（含专业英语）第一组一冶金馆205室第一组一冶金馆207室4 月02 日（周一），上午8:30—12:00 ,下午1:30- 6:00综合面试第一组一冶金馆314室第二组一冶金馆201室第三组一冶金馆112室第四组一冶金馆108室三、复试与初录原则1）根据学校有关精神，结合我院生源和招生计划，复试采取差额复试，参加复试人数116人，最多录取人数72人（含与广州有色金属研究院联合培养S5人X2 ）加权总成绩确定：加权总成绩=初试成绩x60%+复试成绩x40% ,复试科目包括专业综合课笔试（300分）.夕卜语听说和阅读能力测试（其中英语听力及阅读能力笔试占50 分、英语口语面试占50分X综合面试（100分）共3门课程。
（同等学历考生的加试成绩不计入加权成绩，但加试成绩不及格的考生不予录取X3）出现以下情况之一者将不予录取：①专业综合课笔试、夕卜语听说和阅读能力测试、综合面试任一门及多门成绩不及格；②政审或资格审查未通过。
4）专业综合课笔试、外语听说和阅读能力测试、综合面试全部及格者，按加权总成绩高低，分冶金工程和环境工程进行排名，并分别按甶高分到低分的原则进行录取。
5）综合考核选拔考生要参加所有复试顷目，不与普通考生一起排名，复试任一一项不及格者不予录取，6）全日制专此学位考生和学术型学位考生根据加权总成绩一起排名，并按加权总成绩由高分到低分的原则、同时结合考生个人是否接受调剂的情况，综合确定全院全曰制专此学位考生和学术型学位的录取资格。
加权总成绩未达到所报考专此录取要求且不服从专此凋剂的考生，视为自动放弃录取资格，复试经验：由于都是冶佥方而，我对中南大学的专t课还是很快就然悉其他数学，英语，政治Y J T?的进彳/，经过大半年的努力，进入考场前，感觉还是不错的。