专业英语 1 科技论文写作与投稿
关于科技文的英语投稿范文
关于科技文的英语投稿范文In the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as one of the most transformative technologies, revolutionizing various industries and altering the way we interact with the world. The rapid pace of innovation in AI has presented both immense opportunities and significant challenges, necessitating a balanced approach to harnessits potential while mitigating its potential downsides.**Opportunities in AI**The opportunities presented by AI are vast and far-reaching. In healthcare, AI algorithms are assistingdoctors in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes, and even assisting in surgical procedures. In education, personalized learning experiences are becoming possible through AI-powered adaptive learning platforms that caterto the unique needs of each student. In transportation,self-driving cars and intelligent traffic management systems are improving safety and efficiency.AI is also transforming the way we work and live. Automation and robotics are enabling businesses to operate more efficiently, while smart homes are making our daily lives more convenient. AI-powered assistants, such as Siri and Alexa, are helping us manage our schedules, answer questions, and control our smart devices.**Challenges in AI**However, along with the opportunities, AI also poses significant challenges. One of the main concerns is the ethical implications of AI. As AI systems become more autonomous, there is a growing need to ensure that they are designed and deployed ethically, avoiding biases and ensuring fairness.Another challenge is the potential displacement of jobs caused by AI-driven automation. As AI systems become more capable, many jobs may become redundant, leading to significant economic and social implications. It is crucial to prepare for this transition by investing in skills training and creating new job opportunities.Moreover, the rise of AI raises concerns about privacy and security. As AI systems collect and analyze vastamounts of data, there is an increased risk of data breaches and misuse. It is essential to establish robust data protection frameworks to ensure that personal information is kept secure.**Balancing Opportunities and Challenges**To harness the full potential of AI, it is crucial to strike a balance between seizing opportunities and addressing challenges. Governments and businesses must collaborate to create a regulatory framework that promotes innovation while safeguarding against unethical practices and negative impacts.Additionally, it is important to invest in research and development to continue to improve AI systems and mitigate their potential downsides. By fostering a culture of inclusivity and transparency, we can ensure that AIbenefits everyone, not just a privileged few.In conclusion, artificial intelligence represents a remarkable opportunity for progress and transformation. However, it is crucial that we approach AI with caution and wisdom, recognizing its potential to bring about both positive and negative changes. By doing so, we can ensurethat AI serves as a force for good, driving innovation and progress for all.**人工智能的演变:机遇与挑战**在过去的十年里,人工智能(AI)已成为最具变革性的技术之一,它革新了各个行业,改变了我们与世界互动的方式。
英文科技论文写作与投稿
从 易 到 难
Methods (theoretical or experimental) Results and discussion (figures and tables) Conclusions Acknowledgements Appendix References
Purpose: attract busy readers’ attention effectively to read on. Form: noun phrase, statement, or question
do not contain seldom-used abbreviations do not contain study, research, investigation, recent progress,
observation, novel, new, etc. Restrict the noun phrase to a maximum of three words by inserting of, by, for, etc.
confusing
Track the latest relevant articles in your field (知己知彼)
self-evaluate whether your work is interesting, novel, important
community
Define your single main idea
for the first time
保证他人可以重复您的工作:实验条件、样品、设备, 计算方
法,参数设置
在保证论文完整性的基础上合理引用,避免大篇幅照抄,避免
学术不端
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域,创新大大改善了我们的日常生活,改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
英文科技论文写作与投稿PPT课件
SCI论文的分类
• 综述性论文 • 综述某一领域中的最新进展,应该有述有评,而不只是前人工作的罗
列;
• 要有综述者自己的观点和对他人工作的评价,指出不足之处和解决问
题的设想,以及今后的研究方向;
• 该归纳出几个热点或前沿问题,展开叙述,不要像记流水帐似的,面
面俱到;
• 既要大量占有文献,又要有所取舍,突出精华,要对文献仔 • (1)实验性论文 • (2)报道性论文 • (3)理论性论文 • (4)综述性论文
SCI论文的分类
• 实验性论文 • 1 前言 • 2 实验方法 • 3 实验结果(数据) • 4 对实验结果的分析 • 5 结论
SCI论文的分类
• 报道性论文(报道某一项科学发现,这一发现不是通过实验、
论文写作前的准备工作
• (3)检索并查阅参考文献对参考文献的选择与标引在论文的撰写中最容易被轻
视,同时也是出现问题最多的环节.目前我国科技论文中普遍存在着对参考文 献引用严重不足的状况统计表明,我国科技期刊的平均篇论文参考文献数量大 多不及同类国际性期刊的一半。此外,有相当多作者的引证行为也有明显的失 妥之处,具体表现为故意(或非故意)回避引用重要参考文献、自引过多(只侧 重引用作者本人早期的工作)、随意转引(从他人论文中间接地引用文献)等, 并因此在学术界造成很多不良影响.
后再动笔,切忌机械罗列。
• 要有对未来发展的展望,对他人的研究起到指导作用; • 尽量引用最新的工作,体现出时效性; • 尽可能阅读原始文献
论文写作前的准备工作
• 在着手撰写论文的初稿之前,需要准备的工作有 • (1)拟定论文的试用题名和摘要 • 论文的试用题名和摘要对于规定选题和明确文章的范围具有指导性
论文写作前的准备工作
有关科技的英文作文模板
有关科技的英文作文模板Title: The Impact of Technology on Our Lives。
In today's modern world, technology plays a significant role in our daily lives. From the way we communicate to how we conduct business, technology has transformed the way we live and work. In this essay, we will explore the impact of technology on various aspects of our lives, including communication, education, healthcare, and the economy.First and foremost, technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. With the advent of the internet and social media, we are now able to connect with people from all over the world in an instant. Platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier for us to stay in touch with friends and family, share our thoughts and experiences, and even conduct business. Additionally, the rise of smartphones has made it possible for us to access information and communicate on the go, further enhancing our ability to stay connected.In the field of education, technology has had a profound impact on the way we learn and acquire knowledge. With the availability of online courses, educational videos, and interactive learning platforms, students now have access to a wealth of information at their fingertips. This has made learning more flexible and convenient, allowing individuals to pursue their education at their own pace and on their own terms. Furthermore, technology has also enabled the development of innovative teaching methods, such as virtual reality and augmented reality, which have the potential to enhance the learning experience and make education more engaging and interactive.In the healthcare sector, technology has played a crucial role in improving patient care and treatment outcomes. Medical advancements, such as electronic health records, telemedicine, and wearable health devices, have made it easier for healthcare professionals to track patient data, monitor their health, and provide timely and personalized care. Additionally, the use of robotics and artificial intelligence has led to significant improvements in surgical procedures, diagnosis, and treatment planning, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and a higher standard of care.From an economic standpoint, technology has had a profound impact on the way businesses operate and compete in the global marketplace. The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way we shop and conduct transactions, making it possible for businesses to reach customers around the world and operate 24/7. Moreover, the use of big data and analytics has enabled companies to gain valuable insights into consumer behavior and market trends, allowing them to make more informed decisions and develop targeted marketing strategies. Additionally, the automation of various processes and the use of advanced manufacturing technologies have led to increased productivity and efficiency, driving economic growth and innovation.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on our lives, transforming the way we communicate, learn, receive healthcare, and conduct business. As technology continues to evolve, it will undoubtedly shape the future in ways we cannot yet imagine, further impacting the way we live and interact with the world around us. It is essential that we embrace these advancements and harness the potential of technology to create a better and more connected society.。
科技题材英文作文模板
科技题材英文作文模板英文:As a technology enthusiast, I am always fascinated by the latest advancements in the field. In my opinion, technology has revolutionized the way we live our lives and has made it easier for us to communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and we must use technology wisely to avoid its negative effects.One of the most significant advancements in technology has been the internet. It has connected people from all over the world and has made it possible for us to access information instantly. However, it has also led to the spread of fake news, cyberbullying, and online scams. Therefore, we must be careful about the information we consume and the people we interact with online.Another area where technology has had a significantimpact is healthcare. With the help of technology, doctors can now diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and efficiently. For example, artificial intelligence can analyze medical images and detect abnormalities that might be missed by human doctors. However, we must also be awareof the ethical implications of using technology in healthcare and ensure that it does not lead todiscrimination or privacy violations.In conclusion, technology has brought about manypositive changes in our lives, but we must also be aware of its negative effects and use it responsibly. As the saying goes, "with great power comes great responsibility."中文:作为一名科技爱好者,我总是被这个领域最新的进展所吸引。
英文科技论文的写作和投稿(概述)
参考文献(References)
• 文献著录格式:查阅拟投稿期刊
AMS Journals:
Author(s), publication year: Article title. Journal name, Volume, page range. Author(s), publication year: Book Title, Publisher, total pages.
构建提纲
• 构建一个清晰、准确而又没有重复的逻辑 顺序来表达自己的想法是论文成功的基础 • 有太多想法需要表达 • 用关键词将所有想法列于提纲中,反复调 整它们的顺序,直至你认为最后形成的逻 辑顺序能最好地表达你的主题 • 要求:没有重复,想法之间有内在的逻辑 关系
搜集素材
• 资料和方法 • 研究结果(包括插图和表格) • 参考文献
参考文献(References)
• 文献列表顺序和文中标引格式
(1)著者-出版年体系 文献列表顺序(AGU Journals) : Smith, A. (1989a),… Smith, A. (1989b),… Smith, A. (1991),… Smith, A., and C. Allen (1992),… Smith, A., and B. Frank (1995),… Smith, A., and B. Frank (1997),… Smith, A., L. Roberts, and T. Jones (1993),… Smith, A., T. Jones , and L. Roberts (1993),… Smith, A., et al. (1998),…(more than 10 authors)
讨论(Discussion)
• 讨论是对结果的解释和推论,是论文的最 重要的“看点”部分,也是最难写好的部 分之一。 • 内容: (1)概述最重要的结果,并与已有研究结果 进行比较、分析(本文的结论和已有的结 论是否一致?如不,为什么?); (2)对结果进行符合逻辑的、恰当的推论 (避免做出数据所不能支持的推论);
英文科技论文写作(专业英语)
更新或改进;基础研究着重理论上的新见解,计算方法的另 辟新径
• 学术性
• 透过对所研究的客体外象的观测,分析探讨其内在本质,将感性认 识进行理论上的深化; • 切忌将一连串现象无分析归纳的无序堆砌,而将论文写成实验报告 或工作总结。
• 真实性
• 错误、虚假、失实将导致论文科学性和学术性的丧失,甚至可能涉 嫌有剽窃行为; • 不凭主观臆断和好恶随意舍取数据和素材,引证他人成果必须给出 出处,但只提取与文章密切相关的重要信息用以引证,
References
• 要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
• 卷号、期数、页数、年份等一定要核对 无误。
一些常见的技术问题
• 不宜使用长句子及不常见的词汇。 • 主从复合句必须有从句也有主句。 • 正确使用名词的单复数
• 不及物动词不可用被动语态。如不可用:was appeared, was occurred等。 • 不宜使用省略式词汇。如:does’nt, should’nt 等。 • 在两个或数个并列成分的最后两个中间加and 连接。
Results and discussion
• 实验结果是整篇论文的基础,因此必须用明白、 流畅的语言陈述你所得到的结果。 • 要求
– 数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚,有条理;
– 对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑 性、自洽性。
– 语句要准确、流畅、多样化,不宜重复使用相同的 句型和词汇。
Author(s),Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)
• 姓氏和名字要弄清楚,以免发生以名代姓。
– Ji-HongZhu或JihongZhu
• 单位和地址信息准确清楚,使读者能按所列信息 顺利地与作者联系。
科学与技术 英语作文
科学与技术英语作文Title: The Role of Science and Technology in Shaping Our Future。
Science and technology play pivotal roles in shaping the trajectory of our future. From advancements in medicine to innovations in communication, these fields continuously propel humanity forward, offering solutions to complex challenges and opening new frontiers of possibility. Inthis essay, we will explore the multifaceted impacts of science and technology on society, economy, and the environment.First and foremost, science and technologyrevolutionize healthcare. Breakthroughs in medical research have led to the development of vaccines, treatments, and diagnostic tools, significantly extending human lifespan and enhancing quality of life. For instance, the rapid development of mRNA vaccine technology during the COVID-19 pandemic showcased the power of scientific innovation incombating global health crises. Moreover, advancements in gene editing technologies like CRISPR hold the promise of curing genetic diseases and revolutionizing personalized medicine.Furthermore, technology drives economic growth and fosters innovation. The rise of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, has transformed industries ranging from finance to manufacturing. AI algorithms optimize supply chains, increase productivity, and enable predictive analytics, enhancing the efficiency of businesses worldwide. Additionally, the proliferation of e-commerce platforms and digital marketplaces has reshaped consumer behavior and expanded opportunities for entrepreneurship. As we continue to harness the potential of technology, economies become increasingly interconnected and resilient.However, the rapid pace of technological advancement also raises ethical and societal concerns. The advent of automation and AI threatens job displacement, exacerbating socioeconomic inequality and necessitating reevaluation ofeducation and workforce development strategies. Moreover, issues surrounding data privacy, algorithmic bias, and cybersecurity pose significant challenges to theresponsible deployment of technology. It is imperative that as we embrace innovation, we also prioritize ethical considerations and ensure inclusivity in the design and implementation of technological solutions.In addition to societal impacts, science and technology play a critical role in addressing environmental challenges. Climate change, pollution, and resource depletion require interdisciplinary approaches and technologicalinterventions to mitigate their adverse effects. Renewable energy technologies such as solar and wind power offer sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. Furthermore, advancements in agricultural biotechnology enable the development of drought-resistant crops and environmentally friendly farming practices, promoting food security while minimizing ecological footprint.In conclusion, science and technology are indispensabledrivers of progress and development in the modern world. From healthcare and economics to environmental sustainability, the impacts of scientific innovation are profound and far-reaching. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and it is incumbent upon us to harness the potential of technology for the betterment of humanity while addressing its ethical, societal, and environmental implications. Only through informed decision-making and collaboration can we navigate the complexities of the future and build a more equitable and sustainable world for generations to come.。
科学技术作文英文
科学技术作文英文英文:Science and technology have played an increasingly important role in our daily lives. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, science and technology have changed the way we live, work, and communicate.One example of how science and technology have changed our lives is the smartphone. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information, and even control our home appliances.It has become an indispensable part of our daily lives.Another example is the development of renewable energy. As we face the challenge of climate change, renewable energy has become increasingly important. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric power plants are just a few examples of how science and technology are helping usto reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and transition to a more sustainable future.In addition to improving our daily lives, science and technology have also contributed to the advancement of medicine. With the development of new drugs and medical technologies, we are able to treat and prevent diseases that were once considered incurable. For example, the development of vaccines has helped to eradicate diseases such as smallpox and polio.Overall, science and technology have had a profound impact on our lives and will continue to shape our future. As we face new challenges, we will rely on science and technology to help us find solutions and create a better world.中文:科学技术在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
论文写作讲座(英语科技论文撰写与投稿)课件
Use of technical terms
03
English scientific papers are filled with technical terms and jargon specific to the field of study.
Thesis statement明确
English scientific papers begin with a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument or research question to be addressed.
Objective language
02
English scientific papers are written in a factual and objective manner, avoiding the use of subjective language and emotional appeals.
Write a clear and concise title: The title should accurately reflect the content and main findings of your paper.
Prepare an abstract: The abstract should summarize the main points of your paper, including the research question, methods, results, and conclusions.
英文科技论文写作与投稿
引言(Introduction)
引言的根本目的——论证本工作的重要性 阐述研究目的和意义——为什么要开展此项研究? 对于该课题人们已有的认识如何?还存在哪些问 题?对于该问题我们打算怎么做? 注意连惯性——从介绍本工作的研究背景、前人 的研究进展入手,自然地引出我们将要做的工作 对研究进展的介绍切忌简单罗列——应该有适当 的组织和概括,尽量给出丰富的信息
投稿
选择合适的期刊 从期刊的网页找到投稿的方法——电子投 稿和纸张投稿 精心准备一封Cover Letter——介绍论文 的背景和重要性、工作的独到之处等 如果杂志允许,可以推荐审稿人 投稿后要有耐心
如何对待审稿意见
要尊重审稿人的工作——审稿人是研究领域的专 家或权威,具有良好的学术声誉 对于审稿人的意见不应消极回避,而应积极应对, 要学会与审稿人斗争和妥协 对审稿人提出的非原则性,尽可能完全满足审稿 人要求;对于无法按照审稿人要求修改的,说明 实际困难以取得谅解;对于审稿人的误解,应该 给予说明 对于完全负面的审稿意见,只要编辑没有明显的 拒稿倾向,仍然要据理力争
选题的创新性
过去从来没有人做过的研究——开创性工 作——研究不必拘泥于细节,先把一些粗 线条的框架建立起来,细节问题可留待别 人来做; 过去已有研究的问题——如何做的比前人 更好——采取新的解决方法?工作更加细 致系统?纠正前人的错误?
如何查找所需要的文献
充分利用各种网络检索工具 Web of Science (SCI) Ei Village (EI) ScienceDirect Onsite (Elsevier) 从阅读综述入手,迅速了解背景,并且根 据综述的引用和评述来查找文献 跟踪国际同行的工作,针对某课题组或某 科学家检索其工作
实验数据的分析整理是论文写作的 重要步骤
科技类英文小作文
The Impact of Technology on Our LivesIn today's world, technology has become an integral part of our lives. It has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. The advancement in technology has brought remarkable changes that have impacted our society in numerous ways.Firstly, technology has made our lives more convenient. The invention of smartphones, for instance, has transformed the way we access information, stay connected, and entertainment. With just a few taps, we can browse the internet, watch movies, play games, and communicate with people from anywhere in the world. Similarly, online shopping has made it easier for us to purchase products without leaving our homes.Secondly, technology has enhanced our work efficiency. Automation and artificial intelligence have revolutionized various industries, making tasks faster and more accurate. Remote work has also become possible, allowing employees to work from anywhere, increasing flexibility and productivity.However, the impact of technology is not entirely positive. There are concerns about its negative effects on our health, such as eye strain and postural problems caused by excessive screen use. Additionally, technology can be addictive, leading to issues like social isolation and a lack of face-to-face communication.In conclusion, while technology has brought remarkable benefits to our lives, it is important to use it responsibly. We should strive to maintain a balance between technology and our daily lives, ensuring that it does not overshadow our human connections and values.中文小作文:科技对我们生活的影响在当今世界,科技已经成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
关于科技文的英语投稿范文
关于科技文的英语投稿范文Title:The Impact of Technology on EducationIn the digital age, technology has revolutionized every aspect of our lives, and education is no exception. From traditional chalkboards to interactive smartboards, from printed textbooks to digital e-books, technology has transformed the way we learn and teach. This essay explores the profound impact of technology on education, highlighting its benefits and challenges.First and foremost, technology has made learning more accessible. With the advent of online learning platforms like Coursera, Khan Academy, and edX, students around the world can access high-quality educational content regardless of their location. This democratization of education has opened doors to knowledge for many who would otherwise be left behind due to geographical or financial constraints.Moreover, technology has enhanced the learning experience by making it more interactive and engaging. Interactive whiteboards, educational apps, and virtual reality simulations provide students with immersive learning experiences that can help them better understand complexconcepts. For instance, a virtual tour of the human body can provide a more vivid understanding of anatomy than a static textbook diagram.Additionally, technology has facilitated personalized learning. Adaptive learning software can tailor educational content to each student’s learning pace and style, ensuring that all students receive the support they need to succeed. This personalized approach can significantly improve learning outcomes and help students develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter.While the benefits of technology in education are undeniable, there are also challenges that need to be addressed. One major concern is the digital divide. Not all students have equal access to technology, which can exacerbate educational inequalities. It is crucial for educators and policymakers to work towards bridging this gap to ensure that all students benefit from the advantages of technology.Another challenge is the potential for technology to distract rather than enhance learning. With the abundance of online content, students may be tempted to spend more time on non-educational websites or social media platforms than on their studies. Educators must teach students digital literacyskills, including how to use technology effectively and responsibly.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on education, making it more accessible, interactive, and personalized. However, it also presents challenges that need to be addressed to ensure that technology benefits all students. As technology continues to evolve, it will be essential for educators to adapt and integrate it into their teaching methods in a thoughtful and effective manner. By doing so, we can harness the power of technology to create a more equitable and effective educational system for all.。
英文科技论文的撰写,投稿和发表共82页文档
谢谢你的阅读
❖ 知识就是财 ❖ 丰富你的人生
71、既然我已经踏上这条道路,那么,任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德 72、家庭成为快乐的种子在外也不致成为障碍物但在旅行之际却是夜间的伴侣。——西塞罗 73、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。——伏尔泰 74、路漫漫其修道远,吾将上下而求索。——屈原 75、内外相应,言行相称。——韩非
英文科技论文的撰写,投稿和发表
51、没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远 适用的 宪法, 甚至一 条永远 适用的 法律。 ——杰 斐逊 52、法律源于人的自卫本能。——英 格索尔
53、人们通常会发现,法律就是这样 一种的 网,触 犯法律 的人, 小的可 以穿网 而过, 大的可 以破网 而出, 只有中 等的才 会坠入 网中。 ——申 斯通 54、法律就是法律它是一座雄伟的大 夏,庇 护着我 们大家 ;它的 每一块 砖石都 垒在另 一块砖 石上。 ——高 尔斯华 绥 55、今天的法律未必明天仍是法律。 ——罗·伯顿
科技英语写作(1)—What is a scientific paper
• Realize that your objective in research is to formulate and test hypotheses, to draw conclusions from these tests, and to teach these conclusions to others. Your objective is not to “collect data.” 要意识到研究的目的是为了形成并证 实假说,从一些测试中得出结论,并 把结论传授给别人。你的研究目的不 是简单的收集数据。
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• How should you construct an outline? The classical approach is to start with a blank piece of paper, and write down, in any order, all important ideas that occur to you concerning the paper. Ask yourself the obvious questions:―Why did I do this work?‖ ―What does it mean?‖―What hypothesis did I mean to test?‖―What ones did I actually test?‖―What were the results?‖―Did the work yield a new method or compound? What?‖―What measurements did I make?‖―What compounds? How were they characterized?‖ Sketch possible equations, figures, and schemes. • 你应该如何起草你的提要?最经典的方法就是找一页空白 的纸,以任何顺序,写下与这篇文章有关的所有重要观点。 自问一些显而易见的问题:为什么我要做这项工作?它意 味着什么? 我要验证哪些假设? 我究竟验证了哪些假设? 结果如何? 这项工作产生了新方法或新物质吗?都是什么? 我都做了那些测试?什么化合物? 它们是如何表征的?展 示相关的方程,图表和示意图。
专业英语 1 科技论文写作与投稿
3. 长句译法
在英语科技论文中,从科技内容的严密性、准确性 和逻辑性出发,常常会使用一些长句子。在翻译英 语长句时,就需要尽可能加以拆散,并按照汉语习 惯,重新加以组织,力求在“明确”的基础上,做 到简明顺畅。 对于比较复杂的句子,尤其是长的单句,“缩句” 往往是行之有效的方法。
例如:
Suitable polyols including aliphatic diol such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butane diol,diethylene glycol,hexamethylene glycol and the like;aliphatic triols such as trimethylol methane, trimethylol propane, 1,2,6-hexane triol and the like are essential for the purpose of extending the chain lengh of the urethane prepolymer. 缩句为:Polyols are essential for purpose. 主句译出后,句子中其它各部分也清楚了,分别为polyols和 purpose的定语。全句翻译为:适当的多元醇,包括脂肪族二元 醇,如乙二醇,1,4-丁二醇,一缩二乙二醇,1,6-己二醇等,以及 脂肪族三元醇,如三羟甲基甲烷,三羟甲基丙烷,1,2,6-己三醇等, 主要是用来扩展聚氨酯预聚体的链长。
should rust. 钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。
英语科技论文写作与投稿
No publication…………. No project
No publication………….No funding No publication…………No promotion No publication….Scientific & academic death Publishing your work is vital for success
(Functions of )References
• To give credit to others for their work • To add credibility to your work by showing that you used valid information sources • To help show how your work is related to previous work • To help readers find further information
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看到这篇文章三天以后,我将上面的推导写成 一篇题目为“Another Look at Projectile Motion” 的文章并于2000年5月寄给美国《物理教师》当 时的主编Clifford E. Swartz 教授,Swartz 教授 在收到该文后即马上回信称这是一篇有趣的文章 并表示《物理教师》将予以发表。 《物理教师》 The Physics Teacher
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例如,All these metals are not good conductors. 这些金属并不都是良导体。
②英语中有的句子形式上是肯定的,但却包含带否定意义的词或 短语。翻译时应译成否定句。
例如:When the pressure gets low,the boiling point becomes low.
气压低,沸点就低。(省略e is different for different kinds of steel.
不同种类的钢,临界温度各不相同。(省略介词)
这种方法常用于一些固定的句型,如: it is believed 有人认为…… it is suggested有人建议…… it is said有人说…… it is estimated据估计…… it is well known众所周知……
在科技英语翻译中,对否定句应特别注意。英语有全 部否定、部分否定和双重否定之分,也有名为肯定, 实为否定,反之亦然的情况。翻译时须辨别清楚。
The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a generator dynamo.
机械能可以利用发电机再转变成电能。(省略意义上 重复的词)
2. 常见句型分析
被动句、否定句和强调句是科技英语中的常见句型。 科技英语中叙述推理的文章较多,因而强调指出行 为发生者的情况较少。当不需要或不可能指出行为的发 生者时,或者需要突出动作接受者时,往往应使用被动 句。英译汉时,很多情况下可译成主动句,有时也可译 成被动句或无主句。
should rust. 钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。
再如:An atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in orbit.
原译:原子由被轨道电子围绕的带正电的原子核构成。 改译:原子由带正电的原子核和在轨道中围绕其运动的 电子组成。
相比之下“信”对科技翻译尤为重要。
1、一般翻译方法:
(1)增词法
由于英、汉两种语言的词汇在涵义、搭配、习惯等方 面的差异都很大。因此翻译时,译者必须根据句法上、 意义上或修辞上的需要增加一些原文中虽无其词,但内 含其意的词,以便能更加忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内 容。
例如: Steel and iron products are often coated lest they
强调句的强调方法主要有三种:一是用助动词do或did; 二是利用句型it is(was)…that…;三是利用倒装语序。
此外,为比较客观地进行描述和讨论,避免主 观武断,科技英语中的被动语态用的尤其广泛。
二、科技英语的翻译
翻译标准:“信’’、“达’’、“雅” (也有称“信’’ 与“顺’’)
“信”是指准确、忠实于原文,“达”也称达意,与 “雅”也合称为“顺’’则是指通达顺畅。标准的译文 必须在含义上与原文贴切,在行文上阅读起来流畅。
如:Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from sea water. 有些元素和化合物可直接从海水中提取。(译成主动 句)
再如:Up to now,sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants. 到目前为止,二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中 最严重的一种。(译成被动句)
专业英语
闫秀芬
Part 1: 科技英语的特点及翻译
科技英语特点
1. 科技英语词汇 在科技英语中,专业词汇仅占20%,其余80%都是
我们经常使用的日常词汇。 科技英语用词要求明确专一、尽量避免词义模糊或
一词多义的现象。
2. 科技英语语法 英语科技论文的句子结构较一般文章的句子结
构更为复杂,而且长句较多,这是由于长句更为周 密细致,包容量大,有利于表达复杂意思和更准确 地揭示事物之间的内在联系。
例如:On freezing water becomes larger in volume instead of smaller. 水在结冰时体积增大而不是缩小。 再如:Pure metal have few useful properties. 纯金属没有多少有用的性能。
类似表示否定的词和短语还有fail(没有),but for(如果没有), rather than(而不是),free from(没有,免于),short of(缺 少),far from(远非,一点也不)等。
大气压力随高度增加而降低,大气密度也随高度增 加而降低。
(3)省略法
英汉两种语言在遣词造句、方式和章法结构方面存在很 大差别。比如,有些词(冠词、介词、连词等)在英语中 经常出现,但译成汉语时就需酌情加以删减。省略就是 按汉语的修辞习惯。在不损害原文思想内容前提下,将 英语中的某些词语或成分略去不译。
一切物体都是由分子组成的,而分子由原子组成。 (英语中忽略了consist,并用these代替molecules, 汉译时重复译出)
再如:Atmospheric pressure decreases with increase in altitude and so does the density of the atmosphere.
分析:原译未作补充,造成逻辑上、概念上的失误。 根据汉语习惯,只有两个以上的部分才能用“构成’’ 这个词,故改译要好些。
(2)重复法
重复法实际上也是一种增词法,其修辞意味很强,所增 添的词以重复原文中关键的词,这样使译文更加流畅。
例如:All bodies consists of molecules and these of atoms.